Affinage

NTF4

Neurotrophin-4 · UniProt P34130

Length
210 aa
Mass
22.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
48 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NTF4 encodes neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), a secreted neurotrophic factor that signals through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase to support survival, differentiation, and structural plasticity of multiple neuronal populations (PMID:8000564, PMID:9391013). NT-4/5 binds TrkB as a high-affinity ligand whose binding sites co-distribute with trkB mRNA in the forebrain, distinct from the NT-3/TrkC system, and acts redundantly with BDNF: combined NT-4/5 plus BDNF produces no additive effect on retinal ganglion cell or cerebellar granule cell survival and neurite outgrowth, while Trk kinase inhibition with K-252a abolishes these responses (PMID:7964706, PMID:7722620, PMID:8000564). Through TrkB, NT-4/5 promotes choline acetyltransferase activity in motor neurons (PMID:7505167), prevents atrophy of axotomized rubrospinal neurons while inducing GAP-43 and Tα1-tubulin regeneration-associated genes (PMID:9391013), attracts descending axons into grafts in injured spinal cord (PMID:15485774), and supports postsynaptic target neurons via anterograde transport from retinal ganglion cells to the superior colliculus (PMID:11988017). At synapses NT-4/5 enhances AMPA-mediated transmission by a presynaptic mechanism (increased mEPSC frequency) (PMID:7703418) and drives activity-dependent circuit remodeling in the visual cortex, where cortical infusion disrupts ocular dominance column formation and induces structural plasticity during the critical period (PMID:7886458). NT-4/5 also exerts isoform-selective control over BDNF/TrkB signaling, upregulating truncated TrkB.T1 and downregulating full-length TrkB-FL to antagonize BDNF at corticostriatal synapses (PMID:30666798, PMID:31392756). Heterozygous missense mutations in NTF4 are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma and impair NT-4 function by reducing TrkB phosphorylation/activation or altering protein solubility (PMID:19765683, PMID:22815630). Beyond its neuronal roles, NTF4 has been linked in cancer cells to autophagy regulation via Atg5/MAPK (PMID:32236587) and to EMT and metastasis through PRKDC/AKT and ANXA1/NF-κB signaling with concurrent caspase-3-dependent apoptosis (PMID:36632451).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Establishing which neurotrophins act on motor neurons distinguished NT-4/5's receptor usage; the question was whether NT-4/5 supported cholinergic motor neuron differentiation and through which receptor.

    Evidence Choline acetyltransferase activity assay in embryonic rat motor neuron cultures with co-treatment occlusion/additivity and TrkB/TrkC RT-PCR

    PMID:7505167

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not directly demonstrate TrkB phosphorylation by NT-4/5
    • Single lab, in vitro embryonic culture only
  2. 1994 Medium

    Defining NT-4/5 as a TrkB ligand resolved its place in the neurotrophin receptor map by showing shared TrkB usage with BDNF across CNS neuron types.

    Evidence Radiolabeled [125I]NT-4/5 binding autoradiography co-registered with trkB mRNA in situ hybridization; retinal and cerebellar granule cell survival/neurite assays with combination occlusion and K-252a blockade

    PMID:7722620 PMID:7964706 PMID:8000564

    Open questions at the time
    • Occlusion logic infers shared receptor rather than directly co-binding the same molecule
    • p75 contribution not dissected
  3. 1994 Medium

    Localizing NT-4/5's synaptic action answered whether it modulates transmission pre- or postsynaptically, informing its role in plasticity.

    Evidence Patch-clamp recording of evoked and miniature EPSCs in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with spatially restricted application

    PMID:7703418

    Open questions at the time
    • Presynaptic locus inferred from mEPSC frequency in culture
    • Downstream molecular effectors of the presynaptic effect not identified
  4. 1995 High

    Testing NT-4/5 in vivo addressed whether neurotrophin/TrkB signaling shapes activity-dependent cortical wiring, linking it to developmental plasticity.

    Evidence In vivo infusion into cat primary visual cortex with histological assessment of ocular dominance columns and receptor-specificity controls (NGF, NT-3 inactive)

    PMID:7886458

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacological infusion does not establish endogenous requirement
    • Cellular target neurons of the infused NT-4/5 not resolved
  5. 1997 High

    Determining whether NT-4/5 rescues injured CNS neurons established it as a neuroprotective and regeneration-promoting factor acting through neuron-expressed TrkB.

    Evidence In vivo infusion after cervical axotomy with TrkB/TrkC/TrkA/p75 in situ hybridization, RT-PCR for GAP-43/Tα1-tubulin, and peripheral nerve graft regeneration assay

    PMID:9391013

    Open questions at the time
    • Robust axon regeneration shown for BDNF, less so for NT-4/5
    • Functional recovery not assessed
  6. 2002 Medium

    Showing anterograde transport of NT-4/5 answered how it can support postsynaptic neurons distant from its source, expanding the directionality of neurotrophic support.

    Evidence Intraocular [125I]-NT-4/5 injection with autoradiography of retinorecipient regions and TUNEL/pyknosis quantification in superior colliculus

    PMID:11988017

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor-mediated uptake mechanism at target not defined
    • Effect more prominent for BDNF than NT-4/5
  7. 2004 Medium

    Delivering NT-4/5 from cellular grafts tested its capacity to guide regenerating descending axons in spinal cord injury.

    Evidence Genetically modified NT-4/5-secreting fibroblast grafts after spinal hemisection with retrograde/anterograde tracing and myelin characterization

    PMID:15485774

    Open questions at the time
    • Axons did not grow beyond the graft
    • No functional recovery observed
  8. 2009 Medium

    Identifying NTF4 mutations in glaucoma patients tested whether loss of NT-4/TrkB signaling contributes to retinal ganglion cell disease, providing the first disease link.

    Evidence NTF4 sequencing in a POAG cohort with recombinant mutant NT-4 TrkB-activation assay and molecular modeling of the NT-4/TrkB interface

    PMID:19765683

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; functional impact shown for the most frequent mutant only
    • Causal link to RGC loss in patients inferred, not demonstrated in vivo
  9. 2010 Low

    A structural prediction extended the glaucoma association by mapping an additional mutation to the TrkB-binding interface.

    Evidence Sanger sequencing of NTF4 and structural analysis of the Leu113Ser mutant

    PMID:20806036

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural prediction only; no experimental validation of disrupted TrkB binding
    • No functional or cell-based assay
  10. 2010 Medium

    Probing NT-4 in neural stem cells addressed whether it biases lineage commitment, extending its role beyond mature neurons.

    Evidence Mouse E14 neural stem cell cultures with Western blotting for STAT3 phosphorylation and Akt, and pathway readouts for IL-6/Notch signaling

    PMID:20407817

    Open questions at the time
    • TrkB dependence of these intracellular effects not established
    • Single lab, in vitro only
  11. 2012 Medium

    Cell-based assays of further POAG variants tested whether they alter NT-4 protein behavior, supporting a loss-of-function disease mechanism.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis and transfection into HeLa cells with solubility and migration assays

    PMID:22815630

    Open questions at the time
    • TrkB activation not directly measured for these variants
    • HeLa migration is a non-neuronal proxy
  12. 2019 Medium

    Dissecting NT-4/5 versus BDNF at striatal synapses revealed an isoform-switch mechanism by which NT-4/5 antagonizes BDNF/TrkB signaling.

    Evidence Corticostriatal field recordings plus COS-7 transfection measuring TrkB.T1 versus TrkB-FL expression, including a 3-NP Huntington's disease mouse model

    PMID:30666798 PMID:31392756

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of isoform-level regulation not defined
    • Single lab; relevance to human disease inferred from mouse model
  13. 2020 Medium

    Knockdown in colorectal cancer placed NTF4 upstream of an Atg5/MAPK autophagy axis controlling tumor cell invasion and growth.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown in CRC lines with autophagy assays, xenografts, and chloroquine rescue

    PMID:32236587

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating NTF4's cancer-cell action not identified
    • Direct NTF4-Atg5 relationship mechanism unresolved
  14. 2023 Medium

    Mechanistic dissection in breast cancer explained NTF4's paradoxical pro-invasive yet anti-proliferative behavior through parallel EMT-promoting and apoptosis-promoting pathways.

    Evidence EMT/invasion/motility assays, xenografts, and pathway analysis of PRKDC/AKT, ANXA1/NF-κB, SNAIL/E-cadherin, plus ANXA1 phosphorylation/sumoylation and importin β Co-IP with caspase-3 assays

    PMID:36632451

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether these effects require TrkB or are receptor-independent unclear
    • Single lab; reciprocal validation of ANXA1/importin β interaction limited
  15. 2023 Medium

    Anatomical analysis of NT-4/5-infused visual cortex addressed how TrkB signaling remodels circuitry during the critical period, linking it to structural synaptic plasticity.

    Evidence Osmotic minipump infusion in cats with DiOlistics labeling, confocal microscopy, and synaptophysin/GAD-65 immunostaining (preprint)

    PMID:38187745

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, single lab, not peer-reviewed
    • Causal link between structural changes and functional plasticity not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How NTF4 engages signaling in non-neuronal cancer contexts and whether these effects depend on TrkB remains unresolved across the corpus.
  • Receptor mediating cancer-cell effects unidentified
  • No structural model of NT-4/5 bound to TrkB validated experimentally
  • Endogenous loss-of-function requirement in vivo for most neuronal roles not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2
Partners
ANXA1ATG5BDNFIMPORTIN ΒPRKDCTRKB/NTRK2

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Infusion of NT-4/5 (or BDNF) into cat primary visual cortex inhibited ocular dominance column formation, implicating the shared TrkB receptor in activity-dependent segregation of LGN axons; NGF, NT-3, or vehicle had no effect, establishing receptor specificity. In vivo infusion into cat visual cortex with histological assessment of ocular dominance columns Science High 7886458
1994 NT-4/5 and BDNF, but not NGF or NT-3, enhanced AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons; the effect manifested as increased frequency (not amplitude) of miniature EPSCs, indicating a presynaptic site of action. Both neurotrophins signal through TrkB. Patch-clamp recording of evoked and miniature EPSCs in rat hippocampal neurons with spatially restricted neurotrophin application Neuroreport Medium 7703418
1994 NT-4/5 and BDNF both promote survival and neurite outgrowth of adult rat retinal ganglion cells, and saturating concentrations of NT-4/5 plus BDNF together show no additive effect, indicating they share a common signaling pathway (TrkB). NGF, NT-3, and CNTF were ineffective. Retinal explant culture with dose-response and combination neurotrophin treatments; RGC survival and neurite counts Journal of neurobiology Medium 7964706
1994 NT-4/5 and BDNF promote survival and neurite extension of differentiated cerebellar granule cells via TrkB; these effects are blocked by the Trk kinase inhibitor K-252a. No additive effect was seen when NT-4/5 and BDNF were combined, consistent with activation of the same TrkB receptor. Neither NT-3 nor NGF replicated the effect. Purified granule cell cultures with K-252a pharmacological inhibition; TrkB immunohistochemistry on cerebellar sections The Journal of neuroscience Medium 7722620
1994 NT-4/5 and BDNF both bind TrkB as high-affinity receptors; radiolabeled [125I]NT-4/5 and [125I]BDNF binding sites co-distribute with trkB mRNA in rat forebrain, distinct from the NT-3/TrkC pattern, establishing NT-4/5 as a TrkB ligand in the brain. In situ hybridization with trkB and trkC riboprobes combined with [125I]NT-4/5 and [125I]BDNF autoradiographic binding in adjacent brain sections The European journal of neuroscience Medium 8000564
1993 NT-4/5 and BDNF, but not NGF, stimulate choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in embryonic rat motor neuron cultures. Combined treatment with BDNF and NT-4/5 produces no greater effect than either alone, consistent with both acting through TrkB; combined BDNF + NT-3 is additive, consistent with TrkB vs TrkC. Motor neuron-enriched cultures with CAT activity assay; co-treatment occlusion/additivity experiments; RT-PCR for TrkB and TrkC mRNA The European journal of neuroscience Medium 7505167
2009 Seven heterozygous missense mutations in NTF4 identified in POAG patients impair NT-4 signaling; expression of the most frequent mutant NT-4 in cells leads to decreased TrkB phosphorylation/activation, and molecular modeling predicts reduced NT-4 affinity for TrkB, establishing a loss-of-neurotrophic-function mechanism. Sequencing of NTF4 in POAG cohort; molecular modeling of NT-4/TrkB interaction; recombinant mutant NT-4 expression with TrkB activation assay American journal of human genetics Medium 19765683
2010 An NTF4 missense mutation (Leu113Ser) identified in a POAG patient is predicted by structural analysis to disrupt the NT-4/TrkB binding interface, implicating TrkB binding as the mechanism by which NT-4 supports retinal ganglion cell survival. Sanger sequencing of NTF4 coding exon; structural analysis of mutant NT-4 protein Molecular vision Low 20806036
2012 Two NTF4 missense variants (Gly157Ala and Ala182Val) found in Chinese POAG patients produce functionally altered NT-4 protein: the Gly157Ala mutant shows reduced Triton X-100 solubility, and HeLa cells transfected with either mutant construct show reduced migration compared to wildtype, indicating these are functional mutations. Site-directed mutagenesis, transfection into HeLa cells, solubility assay, cell migration assay Molecular vision Medium 22815630
2019 NT-4/5 antagonizes BDNF-mediated modulation of corticostriatal synaptic transmission. Mechanistically, NT-4/5 upregulates the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform and downregulates full-length TrkB-FL, thereby suppressing BDNF signaling at striatal synapses. BDNF does not modify NT-4/5 effect (unidirectional antagonism). Electrophysiological field recordings at corticostriatal synapses; COS-7 cell transfection experiments measuring TrkB isoform expression after neurotrophin exposure CNS neuroscience & therapeutics Medium 30666798
2019 The modulatory effect of sequential NT-4/5 and BDNF application on corticostriatal transmission in a Huntington's disease mouse model depends on which isoform of TrkB is activated: truncated TrkB.T1 activation mediates antagonism, while full-length TrkB-FL activation mediates synergy. Field recordings in 3-NP mouse striatal slices with sequential neurotrophin application and TrkB isoform pharmacology Journal of neuroscience research Medium 31392756
2010 NT-4 (Ntf4) promotes neurogenesis in mouse embryonic neural stem cells by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation and modulating PKB/Akt activity; it also suppresses IL-6 family receptor and Notch signaling pathway cleavages, biasing NSC commitment toward neuronal lineage. Primary mouse E14 neural stem cell cultures; Western blotting for STAT3 phosphorylation and Akt activity; immunocytochemistry; molecular cell biology methods Cellular and molecular neurobiology Medium 20407817
2020 NTF4 knockdown in colorectal cancer cells activates autophagy via interaction with autophagy-associated gene Atg5 and the MAPK pathway; NTF4 silencing inhibits EMT, invasion, migration, proliferation, and xenograft growth, while autophagy inhibitor chloroquine rescues these phenotypes, placing NTF4 upstream of Atg5-MAPK-autophagy. shRNA knockdown in CRC cell lines; co-regulation with Atg5; autophagy assays; xenograft model; chloroquine rescue experiment International journal of oncology Medium 32236587
2023 NTF4 promotes breast cancer metastasis by activating PRKDC/AKT and ANXA1/NF-κB pathways to stabilize SNAIL protein and reduce E-cadherin (pro-EMT). Simultaneously, NTF4 increases ANXA1 phosphorylation, sumoylation, and interaction with importin β, causing nuclear ANXA1 retention that activates caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, explaining why NTF4 inhibits proliferation while promoting invasion. In vitro cell line experiments (EMT, invasion, motility assays); in vivo xenograft; pathway analysis with PRKDC/AKT, NF-κB, SNAIL, E-cadherin, ANXA1 phosphorylation/sumoylation, importin β co-immunoprecipitation and caspase-3 assays International journal of biological sciences Medium 36632451
1997 BDNF and NT-4/5 (but not NGF, NT-3, or vehicle) fully prevent atrophy of axotomized rat rubrospinal neurons, maintain TrkB expression, and stimulate GAP-43 and Tα1-tubulin mRNA expression, acting through TrkB receptors expressed by rubrospinal neurons; BDNF treatment also increases axon regeneration into peripheral nerve grafts. In vivo infusion after cervical axotomy; in situ hybridization for TrkB/TrkC/TrkA/p75; RT-PCR; morphometric analysis; peripheral nerve graft regeneration assay The Journal of neuroscience High 9391013
2004 Fibroblasts engineered to secrete NT-4/5, grafted to injured rat spinal cord, attract motor, coerulospinal, reticulospinal, and propriospinal axons into the graft; Schwann cells (not oligodendrocytes) remyelinate axons within the NT-4/5-secreting grafts. Axonal growth beyond the graft and functional recovery were not observed. Genetically modified fibroblast grafts after thoracic hemisection/transection; retrograde/anterograde tracing; immunohistochemistry Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 15485774
2002 Anterograde transport of NT-4/5 (and more prominently BDNF) occurs from retinal ganglion cells to central visual targets in neonatal rat; intraocular injection of NT-4/5 reduces pyknosis and increases cell number (primarily neurons) in the contralateral superior colliculus within 24 h, indicating NT-4/5 acts as an anterograde survival factor for postsynaptic neurons. Intraocular injection of [125I]-labeled NT-4/5; autoradiography of retinorecipient regions; TUNEL/pyknosis quantification in superior colliculus Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 11988017
2023 Chronic infusion of NT-4/5 into cat visual cortex during the critical period induces structural plasticity: increased spine-like processes on primary dendrites, sprouting of protuberances from neuronal somata in all layers, increased synaptophysin density (indicating more synapses), and increased GAD-65 immunostaining (suggesting enhanced inhibitory circuits). These changes are consistent with NT-4/5/TrkB driving promiscuous thalamocortical and corticocortical connectivity. Osmotic minipump infusion in cats; DiOlistics labeling of neurons in fixed slices; confocal microscopy; synaptophysin and GAD-65 immunostaining bioRxivpreprint Medium 38187745

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 48 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Inhibition of ocular dominance column formation by infusion of NT-4/5 or BDNF. Science (New York, N.Y.) 515 7886458
1997 BDNF and NT-4/5 prevent atrophy of rat rubrospinal neurons after cervical axotomy, stimulate GAP-43 and Talpha1-tubulin mRNA expression, and promote axonal regeneration. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 378 9391013
1994 BDNF and NT-4/5 enhance glutamatergic synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurones. Neuroreport 367 7703418
1994 Overlapping and distinct actions of the neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 on cultured dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons of the ventral mesencephalon. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 350 8283241
1995 The neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4/5 promote survival and morphological and biochemical differentiation of striatal neurons in vitro. The European journal of neuroscience 239 7757258
1993 The neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4/5, but not NGF, up-regulate the cholinergic phenotype of developing motor neurons. The European journal of neuroscience 198 7505167
1995 BDNF and NT-4/5 exert neurotrophic influences on injured adult spinal motor neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 182 7869082
1994 In situ hybridization of trkB and trkC receptor mRNA in rat forebrain and association with high-affinity binding of [125I]BDNF, [125I]NT-4/5 and [125I]NT-3. The European journal of neuroscience 177 8000564
1995 Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) act at later stages of cerebellar granule cell differentiation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 165 7722620
1994 Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) increases adult rat retinal ganglion cell survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Journal of neurobiology 164 7964706
2009 Heterozygous NTF4 mutations impairing neurotrophin-4 signaling in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. American journal of human genetics 116 19765683
1994 The neurotrophins NT-4/5 and BDNF augment serotonin, dopamine, and GABAergic systems during behaviorally effective infusions to the substantia nigra. Experimental neurology 101 7821394
2006 Activation of Ntf4, a tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase, during plant defense response and its involvement in hypersensitive response-like cell death. Plant physiology 66 16798947
1996 Effects of BDNF and NT-4/5 on striatonigral neuropeptides or nigral GABA neurons in vivo. The European journal of neuroscience 60 8921261
2010 Effects of exercise and muscle type on BDNF, NT-4/5, and TrKB expression in skeletal muscle. Muscle & nerve 59 19813200
2021 The Impact of Physical Exercise on the Circulating Levels of BDNF and NT 4/5: A Review. International journal of molecular sciences 58 34445512
1994 Stimulation of GABAergic neuron differentiation by NT-4/5 in cultures of rat cerebral cortex. Brain research. Developmental brain research 55 7955354
1994 NT-4/5 reduces naturally occurring retinal ganglion cell death in neonatal rats. Neuroreport 54 7841368
2004 Axonal responses to cellularly delivered NT-4/5 after spinal cord injury. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 52 15485774
2002 Anterograde transport and trophic actions of BDNF and NT-4/5 in the developing rat visual system. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 48 11988017
2018 Detection of mutations in MYOC, OPTN, NTF4, WDR36 and CYP1B1 in Chinese juvenile onset open-angle glaucoma using exome sequencing. Scientific reports 42 29540704
2010 Identification of a novel mutation in the NTF4 gene that causes primary open-angle glaucoma in a Chinese population. Molecular vision 41 20806036
1998 Cellular delivery of CNTF but not NT-4/5 prevents degeneration of striatal neurons in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. Cell transplantation 38 9588602
2010 Variations in NTF4, VAV2, and VAV3 genes are not involved with primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucomas in an indian population. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 34 20463313
2010 Developmental expression of Bdnf, Ntf4/5, and TrkB in the mouse peripheral taste system. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 33 21038447
1998 NT-4/5 and LIF, but not NT-3 and BDNF, promote NPY mRNA expression in cortical neurons in the absence of spontaneous bioelectrical activity. The European journal of neuroscience 32 9749800
2010 Neurotrophin-4 (ntf4) mediates neurogenesis in mouse embryonic neural stem cells through the inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (stat3) and the modulation of the activity of protein kinase B. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 28 20407817
2002 Physiological and morphological plasticity induced by chronic treatment with NT-3 or NT-4/5 in hippocampal slice cultures. The European journal of neuroscience 26 12453058
2000 NT-4/5 exacerbates free radical-induced neuronal necrosis in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiology of disease 22 10964597
1997 Quantitative analysis of long-term survival and neuritogenesis in vitro: cochleovestibular ganglion of the chick embryo in BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5, and insulin. Experimental neurology 22 9184104
2012 Evaluation of NTF4 as a causative gene for primary open-angle glaucoma. Molecular vision 21 22815630
2003 Oleic acid induces GAP-43 expression through a protein kinase C-mediated mechanism that is independent of NGF but synergistic with NT-3 and NT-4/5. Brain research 19 14519521
2020 Upregulated NTF4 in colorectal cancer promotes tumor development via regulating autophagy. International journal of oncology 16 32236587
2000 NT-4/5 reduces cell death in inner nuclear as well as ganglion cell layers in neonatal rat retina. Neuroreport 15 11117515
1996 NT-4/5 protects against adrenalectomy-induced apoptosis of rat hippocampal granule cells. Neuroreport 14 8730856
2019 NT-4/5 antagonizes the BDNF modulation of corticostriatal transmission: Role of the TrkB.T1 receptor. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 12 30666798
2019 Do BDNF and NT-4/5 exert synergistic or occlusive effects on corticostriatal transmission in a male mouse model of Huntington's disease? Journal of neuroscience research 11 31392756
1998 Nerve fiber formation and catecholamine content in adult rat adrenal medullary transplants after treatment with NGF, NT-3, NT-4/5, bFGF, CNTF, and GDNF. Cell and tissue research 11 9582407
2007 In situ molecular identification of the Ntf4 MAPK expression sites in maturing and germinating pollen. Biology of the cell 10 17217337
2001 Temporal and tissue-specific expression of the tobacco ntf4 MAP kinase. Plant molecular biology 10 11430430
2023 NTF4 plays a dual role in breast cancer in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. International journal of biological sciences 8 36632451
2000 Developmental profiles of growth-associated protein (Gap43), Ngfb, Bndf and Ntf4 mRNA levels in the rat forebrain after exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Radiation research 6 10790287
2021 NTF4 stimulates the progression of gastric cancer via regulating FOXL1. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology 4 34076998
2018 A Combination of NT-4/5 and GDNF Is Favorable for Cultured Human Nigral Neural Progenitor Cells. Cell transplantation 4 29701077
2012 Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucomatous beagles is not associated with mutations in p53 and NTF4 genes. Veterinary ophthalmology 4 22524196
2026 Inhibition of NTF4 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation in HTR-8/SVneo Cells via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Immunity, inflammation and disease 0 42036822
2025 [Corrigendum] Upregulated NTF4 in colorectal cancer promotes tumor development via regulating autophagy. International journal of oncology 0 39950318
2023 Neurotrophin NT-4/5 Promotes Structural Changes in Neurons of the Developing Visual Cortex. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 38187745

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