Affinage

BDNF

Neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form · UniProt P23560

Length
247 aa
Mass
27.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BDNF is a secreted neurotrophin that signals through TrkB receptors to control neuronal plasticity, synaptic transmission, and behavior across multiple brain cell types (PMID:37280397, PMID:10716929). Mature BDNF acts on full-length TrkB to drive neurotrophic signaling, while distinct receptor and cleavage products diversify its output: BDNF acting on the truncated TrkB-T1 isoform inhibits astrocytic glycine transporters (GlyT1/GlyT2) by promoting Rho-GTPase-dependent, clathrin/dynamin-mediated transporter internalization, a route independent of the canonical PLCγ/PI3K/MAPK arms (PMID:26200505), and the prodomain released by proteolytic processing of proBDNF is itself secreted and facilitates long-term depression, so that proteolysis generates functionally distinct synaptic effectors (PMID:28215295). At cortical synapses BDNF-TrkB signaling bidirectionally tunes glutamate release, directly enhancing presynaptic release probability while postsynaptically triggering endocannabinoid release that retrogradely suppresses it via CB1 receptors (PMID:28164368), and in microglia BDNF-TrkB engages ERK/CREB to compete with NF-κB for CREB-binding protein, suppressing pro-inflammatory activation (PMID:32664974). BDNF expression is set by a multi-promoter architecture under activity- and metabolite-dependent epigenetic control: cAMP-driven nuclear RACK1 binds histones H3/H4 at promoter IV, displacing the repressor MeCP2 and permitting H4 acetylation (PMID:20410295), while DNA methylation of exon IV (via DNMT1/DNMT3a) and HDAC recruitment repress it (PMID:24365909, PMID:25972179). Exercise-linked signals converge on this control, with the PGC-1α/FNDC5/irisin axis inducing hippocampal Bdnf (PMID:24120943) and the metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate inhibiting HDAC2/3 at Bdnf promoters to raise expression and TrkB-dependent neurotransmitter release (PMID:27253067). Beyond the nervous system proper, BDNF regulates feeding and body weight through hypothalamic TrkB circuits, as heterozygous knockout causes hyperphagia and obesity reversible by neurotrophin infusion (PMID:10716929). TrkB is a direct, high-affinity binding target of psychedelics whose plasticity and antidepressant-like effects depend on TrkB binding and potentiation of endogenous BDNF rather than on 5-HT2A activation (PMID:37280397).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Established that BDNF has a non-neurotrophic behavioral role by linking its loss to dysregulated energy balance through hypothalamic circuits.

    Evidence Heterozygous BDNF knockout mice across multiple strains with intracranial neurotrophin infusion rescue and feeding/locomotor measurement

    PMID:10716929

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define the hypothalamic cell types or downstream effectors
    • Mechanism of TrkB action on satiety circuits not resolved
  2. 2002 Medium

    Showed BDNF expression is self-amplifying and glutamatergically gated, placing AMPA/NMDA receptors as intermediaries in neurotrophin-induced BDNF production.

    Evidence RT-PCR/ELISA in primary cortical neurons with K252a, CNQX, AP-5, and MAPK/PI3K inhibitor pharmacology

    PMID:12069900

    Open questions at the time
    • No genetic confirmation of the receptor dependencies
    • Single lab
    • Transcription factors mediating the feed-forward loop not identified
  3. 2010 High

    Identified a molecular route by which cAMP signaling derepresses BDNF transcription, linking a scaffolding protein to chromatin remodeling at promoter IV.

    Evidence ChIP, co-IP, and promoter-reporter assays with RACK1 overexpression/knockdown

    PMID:20410295

    Open questions at the time
    • How nuclear RACK1 is recruited to histones not defined
    • Generalizability to other BDNF promoters unknown
  4. 2013 High

    Connected exercise physiology to BDNF induction by defining the PGC-1α/FNDC5/irisin axis as an upstream driver of hippocampal Bdnf.

    Evidence RNAi, forced expression in primary neurons, adenoviral delivery, and Pgc1a knockout mice

    PMID:24120943

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor/transducer for FNDC5/irisin in neurons not identified
    • Direct vs indirect induction of Bdnf transcription unresolved
  5. 2013 Medium

    Linked early-life stress to lasting BDNF repression through methylation of a specific promoter, implicating DNA methyltransferases in environmental programming of Bdnf.

    Evidence Bisulfite methylation analysis at Bdnf exon IV, RT-PCR, and DNMT expression in a prenatal stress rat model

    PMID:24365909

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal contribution of methylation vs other mechanisms not isolated
    • Correlative DNMT increase without intervention
    • Single lab
  6. 2015 High

    Revealed that BDNF signals through the truncated TrkB-T1 isoform to control astrocytic glycine transport via an endocytic, non-canonical pathway.

    Evidence Glycine transport assays, dynasore and Rho-GTPase inhibition, TrkB-T RNAi, and endosomal immunofluorescence

    PMID:26200505

    Open questions at the time
    • TrkB-T1 lacks kinase activity; the signal-transducing partner is undefined
    • Physiological consequence for synaptic glycine levels not established
  7. 2015 High

    Tied ApoE genotype to BDNF expression by showing isoform-specific control of HDAC nuclear localization at promoter IV.

    Evidence HDAC nuclear fractionation, ChIP for HDAC6-promoter IV binding, LRP-1 knockdown, PKCε modulation, and ApoE transgenic mice

    PMID:25972179

    Open questions at the time
    • How LRP-1 signaling controls HDAC trafficking not fully resolved
    • Relevance to in vivo cognitive outcomes not directly tested
  8. 2016 High

    Defined a metabolic-to-epigenetic mechanism whereby an exercise-induced ketone body induces Bdnf by inhibiting specific HDACs.

    Evidence Bdnf promoter assays, HDAC2/3 inhibition, ventricular β-hydroxybutyrate injection, and electrophysiology with TrkB blockade

    PMID:27253067

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity for promoter I vs other promoters incompletely mapped
    • Downstream behavioral consequences not tested here
  9. 2017 Medium

    Showed that BDNF-TrkB bidirectionally regulates cortical glutamate release through opposing presynaptic and endocannabinoid-mediated postsynaptic actions.

    Evidence Whole-cell mEPSC recordings with CB1 blockade and eCB disruption in layer 5 cortex

    PMID:28164368

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link from TrkB to eCB synthesis not identified
    • Single lab
    • Generalization beyond layer 5 unknown
  10. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated that proBDNF processing yields a second bioactive product, the propeptide, with a distinct synaptic role in LTD.

    Evidence Detection of endogenous propeptide secretion and LTD assays in neuronal preparations

    PMID:28215295

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating propeptide-driven LTD not identified
    • Limited methodological detail
    • Quantitative contribution relative to mature BDNF unknown
  11. 2020 Medium

    Established an anti-inflammatory role for BDNF-TrkB in microglia by defining transcriptional coactivator competition between CREB and NF-κB.

    Evidence shTrkB knockdown and pharmacological pathway dissection in microglia with in vivo BDNF perfusion

    PMID:32664974

    Open questions at the time
    • Source of microglial-acting BDNF in vivo not defined
    • Single lab
    • Whether CBP competition is the dominant mechanism not proven
  12. 2021 Medium

    Identified a region-specific direct action of BDNF on amyloid processing by lowering BACE1 activity in prefrontal cortex.

    Evidence Ex vivo brain explant treatment with recombinant BDNF and BACE1 enzymatic activity assay

    PMID:34017238

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway from TrkB to BACE1 not defined
    • Single method for the BDNF-BACE1 link
    • Basis for prefrontal vs hippocampal difference unknown
  13. 2023 High

    Showed that psychedelics act as direct, high-affinity TrkB ligands, redefining how these drugs engage neurotrophic plasticity independently of serotonergic receptors.

    Evidence Direct binding/affinity assays, TrkB mutagenesis, conditional TrkB knockout mice, and behavioral and signaling analysis

    PMID:37280397

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural details of the transmembrane binding site not fully resolved
    • How binding allosterically potentiates endogenous BDNF not mechanistically defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the nine BDNF promoters, proteolytic products, and multiple receptor isoforms are coordinated to generate region- and stimulus-specific functional outputs remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking specific promoters to specific functional outputs
  • Relative in vivo contributions of TrkB-FL, TrkB-T1, p75NTR, mature BDNF and propeptide not integrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2
Partners
NTRK2

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2013 Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF expression through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway: neuronal Fndc5 gene expression is regulated by PGC-1α, forced expression of FNDC5 in primary cortical neurons increases Bdnf expression, RNAi-mediated knockdown of FNDC5 reduces Bdnf, and peripheral delivery of FNDC5 via adenoviral vectors elevates blood irisin and induces hippocampal Bdnf expression. RNAi knockdown, forced overexpression in primary neurons, adenoviral vector delivery, Pgc1a knockout mice Cell metabolism High 24120943
2016 β-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous metabolite elevated after prolonged exercise, induces Bdnf gene expression by inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC3 at selective Bdnf promoters (particularly promoter I), and direct ventricular application of β-hydroxybutyrate increases hippocampal Bdnf expression; downstream, β-hydroxybutyrate causes increased neurotransmitter release that is dependent on the TrkB receptor. Bdnf promoter activity assays, HDAC inhibition experiments, direct ventricular injection, electrophysiology with TrkB blockade eLife High 27253067
2023 Psychedelics (LSD and psilocin) directly bind to TrkB, the BDNF receptor, with affinities ~1,000-fold higher than other antidepressants, at a site within the transmembrane domain of TrkB dimers that partially overlaps with antidepressant binding sites; their effects on neurotrophic signaling, plasticity, and antidepressant-like behavior in mice depend on TrkB binding and promotion of endogenous BDNF signaling, but are independent of 5-HT2A activation. Direct binding assays, TrkB mutagenesis, conditional TrkB knockout mice, behavioral assays, signaling pathway analysis Nature neuroscience High 37280397
2010 RACK1 (scaffolding protein) mediates epigenetic regulation of BDNF gene expression: following cAMP pathway activation, nuclear RACK1 localizes to the promoter IV region of the BDNF gene by associating with histones H3 and H4, causing dissociation of the transcriptional repressor MeCP2 from the promoter and subsequent acetylation of histone H4, leading to promoter IV-controlled transcription of BDNF exon IV. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter activity assays, co-immunoprecipitation, RACK1 overexpression/knockdown The Journal of biological chemistry High 20410295
2015 ApoE4 increases nuclear translocation of HDACs (particularly HDAC6) in human neurons, leading to HDAC6 binding to BDNF promoter IV and reduced BDNF exon IV expression; ApoE3 conversely increases histone 3 acetylation and upregulates BDNF expression via PKCε, which retains HDACs in the cytosol. LRP-1 receptor mediates the ApoE effects, and PKCε activation reverses ApoE4- and Aβ oligomer-induced BDNF downregulation. HDAC nuclear fractionation, ChIP (HDAC6-BDNF promoter IV binding), LRP-1 siRNA/blocking, PKCε activation/inhibition, ApoE transgenic mice The Journal of neuroscience High 25972179
2015 BDNF, acting on truncated TrkB-T1 receptors (not full-length TrkB), inhibits glycine transporter (GlyT1 and GlyT2) activity in astrocytes by promoting transporter internalization via a Rho-GTPase-dependent mechanism (clathrin/dynamin-dependent endocytosis); this effect does not occur through canonical TrkB-FL pathways (PLCγ, PI3K, MAPK). [3H]glycine transport assays, dynasore treatment (endocytosis inhibitor), Rho-GTPase inhibition (toxin B), TrkB-T knockdown by RNAi, immunofluorescence of GlyT in endosomes, kinase inhibitor pharmacology Glia High 26200505
2002 NT-4/5 and BDNF itself induce BDNF mRNA and protein expression in neocortical neurons through TrkB receptor activation (blocked by K252a); NT-4/5-enhanced BDNF production is completely suppressed by AMPA receptor blockade (CNQX) or NMDA receptor blockade (AP-5), placing glutamate receptors as intermediaries in neurotrophin-induced BDNF expression. MAP kinase and PI3K differentially regulate BDNF-induced AMPA receptor (GluR1) expression. RT-PCR for BDNF mRNA, ELISA for BDNF protein, pharmacological inhibitors (K252a, CNQX, AP-5, TTX, PD98059, LY294002), primary cortical neuron culture Neuropharmacology Medium 12069900
2017 BDNF-TrkB signaling in neocortical somatosensory cortex (layer 5) regulates glutamate release via opposing mechanisms: a direct presynaptic enhancement of release probability, and simultaneous postsynaptic induction of endocannabinoid (eCB) release that retrogradely decreases release probability via presynaptic CB1 receptors; blocking CB1 receptors or disrupting eCB release unmasks the direct BDNF effect on mEPSC frequency. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology (mEPSCs), CB1 receptor blockade, disruption of eCB release, layer-specific immunofluorescence for CB1 and TrkB Synapse Medium 28164368
2020 BDNF-TrkB signaling in microglia suppresses microglial activation: BDNF activates ErK and CREB in microglia, which compete with LPS-induced NF-κB for binding to the common coactivator CREB-binding protein, thereby inhibiting p38, JNK, and NF-κB activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. shTrkB knockdown induces microglial activation in naïve mice, and aging-related microglial activation is reversed by chronic subcutaneous BDNF perfusion. Pharmacological and genetic approaches in microglial cell lines and primary microglia, shTrkB knockdown, in vivo BDNF perfusion, signaling pathway analysis (p38, JNK, NF-κB, ERK, CREB) Journal of neuroinflammation Medium 32664974
2017 BDNF propeptide (the prodomain released after proteolytic cleavage of proBDNF) is endogenously secreted from neuronal cells and facilitates long-term depression (LTD), indicating that posttranslational proteolytic processing of proBDNF generates at least two bioactive fragments with distinct synaptic plasticity functions. Detection of endogenous propeptide secretion, LTD assays in neuronal preparations Vitamins and hormones Medium 28215295
2013 Prenatal stress decreases Bdnf expression in the amygdala and hippocampus of rats and this is accompanied by increased DNA methylation of Bdnf exon IV in these regions; expression of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a is increased in prenatally stressed rats, suggesting that PNS-induced reduction in Bdnf expression is mediated at least in part by increased DNA methylation of Bdnf exon IV. Bisulfite sequencing/DNA methylation analysis at Bdnf exon IV, RT-PCR for Bdnf mRNA, DNMT expression analysis, prenatal stress rat model Epigenetics Medium 24365909
2000 BDNF regulates eating behavior and locomotor activity through hypothalamic circuits: heterozygous BDNF knockout mice show hyperphagia and obesity, and infusion of BDNF or NT4/5 can transiently reverse these eating behavior abnormalities, demonstrating a non-neurotrophic, behavioral regulatory function for BDNF via TrkB in hypothalamic nuclei associated with satiety. BDNF heterozygous knockout mice (multiple independent strains), intracranial neurotrophin infusion, behavioral measurement of food intake and locomotion The EMBO journal High 10716929
2021 Direct treatment of brain tissue explants with BDNF reduces BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) activity in the prefrontal cortex but not the hippocampus, demonstrating a region-specific direct effect of BDNF on amyloid precursor protein processing independent of other exercise-induced changes. Ex vivo brain explant treatment with recombinant BDNF, BACE1 enzymatic activity assay, BDNF protein measurement by ELISA Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Medium 34017238
2023 The BDNF gene is driven by nine distinct promoters generating nine non-coding exon-containing transcripts that are all translated into BDNF protein, with different transcripts playing different roles in distinct brain regions and physiological stages; this multilevel promoter architecture underlies exon-specific regulation by distinct transcription factors and environmental stimuli. Analysis of multiple transcript isoforms, promoter-reporter assays, region-specific transcript expression analysis Biomolecules Low 37189402

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway. Cell metabolism 1107 24120943
2007 New insights into BDNF function in depression and anxiety. Nature neuroscience 938 17726474
2014 BDNF and synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and dysfunction. Handbook of experimental pharmacology 828 24668475
2003 BDNF and activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 774 12663747
2015 BDNF - a key transducer of antidepressant effects. Neuropharmacology 740 26519901
2000 BDNF regulates eating behavior and locomotor activity in mice. The EMBO journal 666 10716929
2013 GDNF, NGF and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration. Pharmacology & therapeutics 655 23348013
2016 Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. eLife 627 27253067
2007 Interaction between BDNF and serotonin: role in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 598 17882234
2013 BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 547 23602987
2010 BDNF function and intracellular signaling in neurons. Histology and histopathology 513 20017110
2005 BDNF in schizophrenia, depression and corresponding animal models. Molecular psychiatry 451 15655562
2011 The aging hippocampus: interactions between exercise, depression, and BDNF. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 432 21531985
2023 Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB. Nature neuroscience 340 37280397
2014 Regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by BDNF. Brain research 327 25451089
2016 BDNF and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Vitamins and hormones 310 28215294
2008 BDNF as a pain modulator. Progress in neurobiology 297 18514997
2013 BDNF and memory processing. Neuropharmacology 288 23688925
2004 Physiology of BDNF: focus on hypothalamic function. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 285 15571756
2013 BDNF mechanisms in late LTP formation: A synthesis and breakdown. Neuropharmacology 266 23831365
2006 Estrogen-BDNF interactions: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 249 17069877
2017 Neurobiology of local and intercellular BDNF signaling. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 241 28280960
2006 The molecular genetics of cognition: dopamine, COMT and BDNF. Genes, brain, and behavior 235 16716201
2011 The lighter side of BDNF. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 229 21346243
2016 BDNF in sleep, insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Annals of medicine 211 26758201
2006 BDNF in sensory neurons and chronic pain. Neuroscience research 193 16516994
2012 Interactions between estradiol, BDNF and dendritic spines in promoting memory. Neuroscience 185 23079626
2008 Evidence of biologic epistasis between BDNF and SLC6A4 and implications for depression. Molecular psychiatry 184 18347599
2006 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and food intake regulation: a minireview. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 179 16632412
2002 BDNF: a neuromodulator in nociceptive pathways? Brain research. Brain research reviews 172 12589922
2017 BDNF at the synapse: why location matters. Molecular psychiatry 162 28937692
2016 BDNF isoforms: a round trip ticket between neurogenesis and serotonin? Journal of neurochemistry 152 27167299
2005 Similarities between actions of estrogen and BDNF in the hippocampus: coincidence or clue? Trends in neurosciences 150 15667930
2020 The physiology of regulated BDNF release. Cell and tissue research 148 32944867
2013 Prenatal stress decreases Bdnf expression and increases methylation of Bdnf exon IV in rats. Epigenetics 145 24365909
2014 Multiple faces of BDNF in cocaine addiction. Behavioural brain research 141 25449839
2013 BDNF deregulation in Rett syndrome. Neuropharmacology 138 23597512
2020 BDNF reverses aging-related microglial activation. Journal of neuroinflammation 135 32664974
2013 Steroid hormones and BDNF. Neuroscience 125 23380505
2018 Association of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Brain BDNF Levels with Major Depression and Suicide. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 124 29432620
2008 Ethanol-BDNF interactions: still more questions than answers. Pharmacology & therapeutics 122 18394710
2015 Corticostriatal BDNF and alcohol addiction. Brain research 115 25801118
2018 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): Novel Insights into Regulation and Genetic Variation. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 114 30387693
2015 ApoE4 and Aβ Oligomers Reduce BDNF Expression via HDAC Nuclear Translocation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 113 25972179
2012 Are BDNF and glucocorticoid activities calibrated? Neuroscience 108 23022538
2021 Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Major Depression: Do We Have a Translational Perspective? Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 101 33643008
2017 BDNF - A key player in cardiovascular system. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 101 28736262
2017 Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF and GDNF) and the Serotonergic System of the Brain. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 98 28320272
2006 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) variants and schizophrenia: an association study. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 98 16581172
2014 BDNF: no gain without pain? Neuroscience 95 24887639
2012 BDNF-TrkB signaling and neuroprotection in schizophrenia. Asian journal of psychiatry 90 23380313
2013 Synaptic regulation of affective behaviors; role of BDNF. Neuropharmacology 89 23747574
2005 To BDNF or not to BDNF: that is the epileptic hippocampus. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 87 16061515
2018 Targeting the BDNF/TrkB pathway for the treatment of tumors. Oncology letters 86 30675270
2014 The Physiology of BDNF and Its Relationship with ADHD. Molecular neurobiology 86 25354496
2004 Local effects of BDNF on dendritic growth. Reviews in the neurosciences 86 15202684
2017 Hippocampal BDNF in physiological conditions and social isolation. Reviews in the neurosciences 84 28593903
2021 Lead (Pb) and neurodevelopment: A review on exposure and biomarkers of effect (BDNF, HDL) and susceptibility. International journal of hygiene and environmental health 78 34655857
2009 NGF and BDNF: from nerves to adipose tissue, from neurokines to metabokines. Rivista di psichiatria 78 20066808
2012 Acute exercise modulates BDNF and pro-BDNF protein content in immune cells. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 72 22543740
2021 Metabolic homeostasis via BDNF and its receptors. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 71 33958275
2008 Cell biology of BDNF and its relevance to schizophrenia. Novartis Foundation symposium 71 18497099
2007 BDNF variant linked to anxiety-related behaviors. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 67 17226799
2013 Role of BDNF in central motor structures and motor diseases. Molecular neurobiology 66 23649659
2020 The Role of BDNF on Aging-Modulation Markers. Brain sciences 65 32397504
2014 BDNF and its TrkB receptor in human fracture healing. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 65 24984919
2022 TrkB Truncated Isoform Receptors as Transducers and Determinants of BDNF Functions. Frontiers in neuroscience 60 35321093
2020 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and function in the mammalian reproductive Tract. Human reproduction update 60 32378708
2019 NGF and BDNF Alterations by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Current neuropharmacology 60 28847297
2018 BDNF genotype and tDCS interaction in aphasia treatment. Brain stimulation 60 30150003
2013 The function of BDNF in the adult auditory system. Neuropharmacology 58 23688926
2023 Mechanisms Controlling the Expression and Secretion of BDNF. Biomolecules 57 37238659
2017 BDNF: An Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? Anticancer research 56 28739680
2011 MicroRNA function and neurotrophin BDNF. Neurochemistry international 56 21723895
2018 Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and nicotine. Neurotoxicology 55 29499216
2017 Epigenetic Regulation of BDNF Gene during Development and Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 55 28272318
2022 BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. International journal of molecular sciences 54 35955546
2010 Epigenetic regulation of BDNF expression via the scaffolding protein RACK1. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 20410295
2023 β3AR-Dependent Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Generation Limits Chronic Postischemic Heart Failure. Circulation research 53 36884028
2022 BDNF and its signaling in cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 53 36173463
2002 Neurotrophins induce BDNF expression through the glutamate receptor pathway in neocortical neurons. Neuropharmacology 51 12069900
2006 Application of bFGF and BDNF to improve angiogenesis and cardiac function. The Journal of surgical research 50 16904693
2013 BDNF in fragile X syndrome. Neuropharmacology 49 23727436
2011 The metabotrophic NGF and BDNF: an emerging concept. Archives italiennes de biologie 46 21701997
2012 Regulation of BDNF expression by cocaine. The Yale journal of biology and medicine 45 23239946
2015 BDNF, via truncated TrkB receptor, modulates GlyT1 and GlyT2 in astrocytes. Glia 41 26200505
2018 BDNF Plasma Levels and BDNF Exon IV Promoter Methylation as Predictors for Antidepressant Treatment Response. Frontiers in psychiatry 38 30459647
2018 Irisin regulates the expression of BDNF and glycometabolism in diabetic rats. Molecular medicine reports 38 30569121
2023 Associations of BDNF/BDNF-AS SNPs with Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. Journal of personalized medicine 36 37763162
2019 On the Involvement of BDNF Signaling in Memory Reconsolidation. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 36 31507380
2017 BDNF-induced endocannabinoid release modulates neocortical glutamatergic neurotransmission. Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 34 28164368
2022 Effects of corticosterone on BDNF expression and mood behaviours in mice. Physiology & behavior 33 35074305
2020 BDNF Expression in Cortical GABAergic Interneurons. International journal of molecular sciences 33 32106593
2023 Revisiting the expression of BDNF and its receptors in mammalian development. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 31 37426074
2017 BDNF Propeptide: A Novel Modulator of Synaptic Plasticity. Vitamins and hormones 31 28215295
2001 BDNF dependence in neuroblastoma. Journal of neuroscience research 31 11340642
2021 Examination of BDNF Treatment on BACE1 Activity and Acute Exercise on Brain BDNF Signaling. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 30 34017238
2024 BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Mitochondria: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecular neurobiology 29 39030441
2023 Diverse Functions of Multiple Bdnf Transcripts Driven by Distinct Bdnf Promoters. Biomolecules 29 37189402
2019 Catalpol Enhances Neurogenesis And Inhibits Apoptosis Of New Neurons Via BDNF, But Not The BDNF/Trkb Pathway. Drug design, development and therapy 29 31849446

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