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Showing NEUROG2 — NGN2 is a alias.

NEUROG2

Neurogenin-2 · UniProt Q9H2A3

Length
272 aa
Mass
28.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
93 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NEUROG2 is a proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that drives neuronal differentiation and neuronal subtype specification across the developing CNS and peripheral nervous system (PMID:11825874, PMID:31801063, PMID:28584103). It functions as a pioneer factor, binding closed chromatin to remodel accessibility, demethylate DNA, and reorganize enhancer activity and chromatin looping in vivo during cortical and retinal lineage specification (PMID:28157484, PMID:35132236). Its genomic binding is dictated by cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and intrinsic E-box sequence/motif syntax preferences, and this divergent E-box specificity relative to Ascl1 establishes distinct chromatin landscapes that specify glutamatergic versus alternative neuronal fates (PMID:31086315). Downstream, NEUROG2 activates neuronal differentiation targets including NeuroD/NeuroD4 and Tbr2 (PMID:19059340, PMID:28157484), directly represses cell-cycle cyclins (CCND1, CCNE1/2, CCNA2) to enforce G1/S exit (PMID:22547683), and represses fate-competing genes Olig2 and Isl1 to bias lineage outcome (PMID:33187539, PMID:36537573). NEUROG2 activity is gated by CDK-dependent multisite phosphorylation that tunes target selectivity and Notch sensitivity, with bHLH-domain phosphorylation acting as a dominant inhibitory switch (PMID:22491944, PMID:30430141), and its protein levels are controlled by non-canonical cysteine ubiquitylation and by Sox10-induced Fbxo9-mediated degradation that diverts neural crest toward glia (PMID:20807509, PMID:32029586). Upstream, NEUROG2 transcription is set by Pax3, the PTF1-J complex, KDM6B-dependent H3K27 demethylation, WNT/β-catenin, ETV5/CoREST repression, and Notch signaling, while MTGR1 provides feedback repression by binding NEUROG2 and blocking NEUROG2/E47 DNA binding (PMID:18308300, PMID:19641016, PMID:19646530, PMID:20833714, PMID:31273540, PMID:33187539).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established whether NEUROG2 instructs neuronal subtype identity or acts permissively, defining the conceptual frame for all downstream specification work.

    Evidence Knock-in coding-sequence swaps and loss/gain-of-function in mice across multiple CNS lineages

    PMID:11825874

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define molecular basis of context-dependent rescue
    • Did not identify direct DNA targets
  2. 2005 High

    Clarified the epistatic relationship between Ngn2 and Mash1 in dorsal spinal cord, showing Ngn2 tunes interneuron population numbers rather than dictating a fixed cell type.

    Evidence Single and double mutant mouse genetics with in situ hybridization and cell counting

    PMID:15901662

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of numerical control not resolved
    • No direct target genes identified
  3. 2008 High

    Identified upstream transcriptional inputs (Pax3, Notch) and a direct downstream target (Tbr2), beginning to place NEUROG2 within a defined regulatory cascade.

    Evidence Promoter-luciferase, EMSA, ChIP for Pax3; single-cell DiI tracking and gamma-secretase inhibition for Notch and Tbr2

    PMID:18308300 PMID:19059340

    Open questions at the time
    • Notch epistasis rests on pharmacological inhibition
    • Direct vs indirect Tbr2 regulation in vivo not fully separated
  4. 2009 High

    Defined enhancer-level control of Neurog2 by the PTF1-J complex and revealed E-box-specific dimerization with Ascl1, establishing that distinct E-boxes encode distinct binding and regulatory outcomes.

    Evidence Enhancer-reporter transgenics with E-box mutagenesis, in vivo ChIP, in vitro DNA-binding assays

    PMID:19389376 PMID:19641016

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of E-box preference not resolved
    • Genome-wide binding not yet assessed
  5. 2009 High

    Uncovered a NEUROG2 negative-feedback loop in which the induced repressor MTGR1 binds NEUROG2 and blocks NEUROG2/E47 DNA binding to pace neurogenesis.

    Evidence Co-IP, DNA-binding assays, reporter assays, and in vivo gain/loss-of-function in chick spinal cord

    PMID:19646530

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction surfaces only partially mapped at this stage
    • Quantitative dynamics of the feedback not defined
  6. 2010 Medium

    Resolved multiple layers of NEUROG2 regulation — Pax3-acetylation/SIRT1 control of its promoter, KDM6B/H3K27me2 chromatin marking, non-canonical cysteine ubiquitylation controlling turnover, and broadened MTG-family repression.

    Evidence Lysine mutagenesis, ChIP, SIRT1 manipulation; reciprocal ChIP with folate rescue in Splotch embryos; cysteine-mutant ubiquitylation/stability assays in Xenopus and P19; MTG deletion mapping with reporter assays

    PMID:20214951 PMID:20807509 PMID:20833714 PMID:21169561

    Open questions at the time
    • Cysteine ubiquitylation validated in single lab with limited orthogonal support
    • Ligase responsible for cysteine ubiquitylation not identified
    • KDM6B regulation correlative via ChIP
  7. 2012 High

    Showed that CDK-dependent multisite phosphorylation differentially weights NEUROG2 target promoters and that NEUROG2 directly represses specific cyclins to uncouple cell-cycle exit from differentiation.

    Evidence Phospho-mutant and activator/repressor (VP16/EnR) constructs on NeuroD/Delta promoters in Xenopus and P19; large-scale chick gain-of-function with cell-cycle readouts

    PMID:22491944 PMID:22547683

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of relevant CDKs in vivo not pinned down
    • Direct vs indirect cyclin repression incompletely separated
  8. 2016 High

    Demonstrated that NEUROG2 acts as a pioneer factor in fibroblast-to-neuron reprogramming and identified a CREB1/SOX4/SWI-SNF cooperative module required for chromatin opening.

    Evidence ATAC-seq, H3K27ac ChIP, TF co-transfection, and SOX4 knockdown in reprogramming assays

    PMID:28157484

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct pioneer binding to nucleosomal DNA not biochemically reconstituted
    • Generality beyond fibroblast reprogramming not addressed here
  9. 2017 High

    Placed NEUROG2 within a cortical laminar derepression circuit, showing its fate output is contingent on progenitor temporal competence.

    Evidence Neurog2;Ascl1 double mutants, gain-of-function transgenics, and acute in utero electroporation with marker analysis

    PMID:28584103

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of temporal competence loss unresolved
    • Direct targets within the derepression circuit not defined
  10. 2019 High

    Established genome-wide that NEUROG2 versus Ascl1 binding divergence is encoded by E-box sequence preference rather than prior chromatin state, and identified ETV5/CoREST and a neural-crest fate-switch role.

    Evidence ChIP-seq/ATAC-seq with ESC programming; ETV5 ChIP/reporter/domain mutagenesis with CoREST knockdown; Neurog2 conditional knockout with lineage tracing

    PMID:31086315 PMID:31273540 PMID:31801063

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-factors that read E-box context not fully enumerated
    • ETV5 work from single lab
  11. 2020 Medium

    Linked upstream signaling (WNT) and post-translational degradation (Sox10/Fbxo9) to NEUROG2 output, defining how its protein level dictates neuron-versus-glia choice.

    Evidence WNT activation with Olig2 reporter and Ngn2-EnR in ovo; Fbxo9 Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, and gain/loss epistasis in avian neural crest

    PMID:32029586 PMID:33187539

    Open questions at the time
    • WNT-Ngn2 axis from single lab with two methods
    • Phosphodegron/recognition motif for Fbxo9 not mapped
  12. 2022 High

    Provided in vivo multimodal evidence that NEUROG2 remodels DNA methylation, accessibility, and 3D chromatin architecture during cortical specification, cementing its role as an epigenome remodeler.

    Evidence Single-cell ATAC-seq/RNA-seq, methylation profiling, chromatin looping, and in vivo Neurog2 manipulation in mouse neocortex

    PMID:35132236

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism coupling binding to DNA demethylation not defined
    • Looping factors recruited by NEUROG2 not identified
  13. 2023 Medium

    Distinguished NEUROG2 from Ascl1 reprogramming logic and added Isl1 to its direct repression repertoire via a novel E-box created by 5'UTR SNPs.

    Evidence scRNA-seq time course and CRISPR screens with Cdkn1c rescue; QTL mapping with conditional knockouts and in vitro E-box/SNP reporter validation

    PMID:36537573 PMID:37660160

    Open questions at the time
    • NEUROG2 cell-cycle-independent intermediate mechanistically underspecified
    • Isl1 E-box validated in vitro only
  14. 2024 Medium

    Mapped how chromatin context and motif syntax govern NEUROG2 binding across cell types and identified physical chromatin-remodeling interactors.

    Evidence ChIP-seq/ATAC-seq, methylation and interaction assays, plus MS interactome in ESCs and NPCs (preprint)

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, not peer-reviewed
    • SWI/SNF and NuRD interactions not functionally validated
  15. 2025 Medium

    Demonstrated that a phospho-insensitive NEUROG2 variant reprograms Muller glia to functional retinal neurons in vivo, translating the phosphoregulation principle into directed regeneration.

    Evidence AAV delivery of Neurog2-9SA, lineage tracing, electrophysiology, single-cell multiomics, and Notch-inhibition epistasis (preprint)

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, single lab
    • Durability and completeness of neuronal conversion not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How NEUROG2 binding is mechanistically coupled to active DNA demethylation, chromatin looping, and the specific remodeler/eraser complexes it recruits in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No reconstituted demethylation mechanism
  • Functional requirement of SWI/SNF and NuRD interactions untested in vivo
  • Enzyme catalyzing cysteine ubiquitylation unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 9 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2
Partners
ASCL1CREB1E47FBXO9MTGR1PTF1ARBPJSOX4

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 Genetic swap experiments in mice showed that Ngn2 functions as a permissive factor (not an instructive determinant) in neuronal subtype specification; misexpression of Ngn2 in Mash1-expressing progenitors produced no overt change in neuronal phenotype, whereas Mash1 misexpression in Ngn2 domains respecified neuronal identity. Ngn2 could rescue neurogenesis defects of Mash1 null mutants in the ventral telencephalon and sympathetic ganglia but not in ventral spinal cord or locus coeruleus. Knock-in gene replacement (coding sequence swap) in mice; loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic analysis Genes & development High 11825874
2005 In the dorsal spinal cord, Mash1 is epistatic to Ngn2: loss of Ngn2 increases dI3 and dI5 neuron numbers (opposite to Mash1 loss), and cross-repression of expression between Mash1 and Ngn2 is not detected. Ngn2 modulates the numerical composition of dorsal interneuron populations without being required for any specific neuronal cell type. Single and double mutant mouse genetic analysis; in situ hybridization; cell counting Development (Cambridge, England) High 15901662
2008 Pax3 directly binds to cis-regulatory elements in the Ngn2 promoter and transcriptionally regulates Ngn2 expression, as demonstrated by promoter-luciferase assays, EMSA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation in neural tube tissue. Promoter-luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Developmental biology High 18308300
2008 In the developing neocortex, Ngn2 expression initiates asymmetrically in one of two daughter cells (with apical bias) after mitosis; Tbr2 is a direct transcriptional target of Ngn2. Periventricular Notch signaling (gamma-secretase activity) suppresses premature Ngn2 expression in nascent daughter cells, placing Ngn2 downstream of Notch in this cascade. DiI single-cell labeling and time-lapse tracking in slice cultures; immunostaining; gamma-secretase inhibitor treatment; epistasis via inhibitor experiments Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 19059340
2009 Neurog2 is a direct transcriptional target of the PTF1-J trimeric complex (Ptf1a/E-protein/Rbpj): a 3′ dorsal neural tube enhancer of Neurog2 requires a PTF1-J binding site for activity, Ptf1a gain- and loss-of-function alters enhancer activity in vivo, and ChIP from neural tube tissue confirms Ptf1a occupancy at the Neurog2 enhancer. Enhancer-reporter transgenic assays in mouse and chick neural tube; in vivo gain/loss-of-function; chromatin immunoprecipitation from neural tissue Development (Cambridge, England) High 19641016
2009 Ascl1 and Neurog2 form novel DNA-binding complexes on the Dll3 promoter, including Ascl1/Ascl1 homodimers and Ascl1/Neurog2 heterodimers. Distinct E-boxes in the Dll3 promoter confer either enhancer or repressor activity, and individual E-boxes show distinct binding preferences for Ascl1, Neurog1, and Neurog2. In vitro DNA-binding assays; E-box mutagenesis; transgenic reporter mice; GFP reporter in neural tube Developmental biology High 19389376
2009 MTGR1, a transcriptional repressor induced by NEUROG2, physically interacts with NEUROG2 and represses its transcriptional activity; MTGR1 also prevents DNA binding of the NEUROG2/E47 complex. Knockdown/overexpression in developing spinal cord shows this feedback is required for normal progression of neurogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation; transcription reporter assays; DNA-binding assays; in vivo gain/loss-of-function in chick spinal cord Molecular and cellular neurosciences High 19646530
2010 Pax3 acetylation on C-terminal lysines K437 and K475 regulates differential promoter activation: acetylated Pax3 decreases Hes1 promoter activity and increases Neurog2 promoter activity. SIRT1 deacetylase associates with Hes1 and Neurog2 promoters (confirmed by ChIP) and its overexpression decreases Pax3 acetylation and Neurog2 expression, while SIRT1 knockdown has the opposite effect. Lysine mutagenesis (K→R); promoter-luciferase assays; ChIP; SIRT1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown; immunostaining Molecular biology of the cell High 21169561
2010 Non-canonical ubiquitylation of Ngn2 occurs on cysteine residues (in addition to canonical lysine sites) in Xenopus neurula-stage embryo extracts and in mammalian P19 cells. Mutation of cysteines alone stabilizes the protein in P19 cells, indicating non-canonical ubiquitylation on cysteines normally contributes to fast turnover of Ngn2. Ubiquitylation assays in Xenopus embryo extracts and P19 cells; cysteine mutagenesis; protein stability assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20807509
2010 H3K27me2 marks on the Neurog2 promoter are regulated by the demethylase KDM6B during caudal neural tube development. In Splotch (Pax3-null) embryos, H3K27me2 at the Neurog2 promoter is increased at E12.5 and KDM6B association is reciprocally decreased; folate supplementation reverses these marks. This places KDM6B as a writer/eraser acting on Neurog2 chromatin. ChIP for H3K27me2 and KDM6B at Neurog2 promoter; qPCR; folate rescue experiment in Splotch embryos The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 20833714
2012 CDK-dependent multisite phosphorylation of Ngn2 differentially controls transcription of distinct targets: the NeuroD promoter is substantially more sensitive to Ngn2 phosphorylation status than the Delta promoter, explaining why reduced CDK phosphorylation enhances neuronal differentiation without equivalently boosting Delta-Notch progenitor maintenance. Phosphorylation status also regulates Ngn2's sensitivity to Notch signaling. Promoter-luciferase assays with phospho-mutant Ngn2 constructs (NEUROG2VP16 and NEUROG2EnR); Xenopus embryo overexpression; P19 cell assays Development (Cambridge, England) High 22491944
2012 NEUROG2 directly represses a subset of cell cycle regulators (CCND1, CCNE1/2, CCNA2, but not CCND2) to drive G1/S cell cycle exit of neuronal precursors. NEUROG2 indirectly represses CCND1 and CCNE2 (with possible direct repression of CCNE2), and this cyclin downregulation prevents S-phase entry, enabling cell cycle exit that can be uncoupled from neuronal differentiation. Large-scale chick embryo gain-of-function with NEUROG2VP16 and NEUROG2EnR; cell cycle assays; phenotypic analysis of S-phase entry Molecular and cellular biology High 22547683
2016 NEUROG2 acts as a pioneer transcription factor during fibroblast-to-neuron reprogramming: it binds closed chromatin to initiate neuronal identity. CREB1 promotes neuron survival and cooperates with NEUROG2 to upregulate SOX4, which co-activates NEUROD1 and NEUROD4 and targets SWI/SNF subunits; SOX4 knockdown abolishes open chromatin and reprogramming. ATAC-seq for chromatin accessibility; H3K27 acetylation ChIP; transcription factor co-transfection; SOX4 knockdown; fibroblast reprogramming assays Stem cell reports High 28157484
2019 Neurog2 and Ascl1 establish distinct neuronal fates by binding largely different genomic sites; binding divergence is determined not by prior chromatin state but by specific E-box sequence preferences of their DNA-binding domains. Divergent binding creates distinct chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity profiles that differentially shape downstream transcription factor binding. ChIP-seq; ATAC-seq; direct neuronal programming of embryonic stem cells; E-box sequence analysis Nature neuroscience High 31086315
2019 ETV5 represses NEUROG2 transcription by binding to the NEUROG2 promoter (confirmed by ChIP) through its ETS domain, and this repression requires the transcriptional co-repressor CoREST. ETV5-mediated repression of NEUROG2 blocks glutamatergic neuron formation and biases NPC differentiation toward GABAergic subtypes. Promoter-luciferase reporter assays; ChIP; ETV5 knockdown and overexpression; ETS domain mutagenesis; siRNA for CoREST Stem cell reviews and reports Medium 31273540
2019 Neurog2 deficiency in trunk neural crest progenitors causes somatosensory-to-melanocyte fate switching, apoptosis, and delayed differentiation altering neuronal identity during a narrow developmental window. Neurog2 temporarily controls onset of Neurog1 expression in neural crest progenitors, placing Neurog2 upstream of Neurog1 in the DRG neurogenesis cascade. Neurog2 conditional knockout mice; lineage tracing; cell fate analysis; genetic epistasis Cell reports High 31801063
2020 Fbxo9, an SCF-type ubiquitin ligase downstream of Sox10, physically interacts with Neurog2 via its F-box motif and promotes Neurog2 protein ubiquitination and destabilization. Sox10 drives glial fate in neural crest progenitors by upregulating Fbxo9, which degrades Neurog2 protein; overexpression of Fbxo9 downregulates Neurog2 and promotes glial lineage at the expense of neurons, whereas Fbxo9 knockdown has the opposite effect. Co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assays; gain- and loss-of-function in avian neural crest; epistasis analysis; transcriptional profiling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 32029586
2020 WNT/β-catenin signaling activation in pMN domain cells upregulates Ngn2 expression, and Ngn2 in turn directly inhibits Olig2 promoter activity (shown by luciferase reporter assay) and represses Olig2 expression in vivo (shown by overexpression of Ngn2-EnR). This WNT-Ngn2-Olig2 axis suppresses oligodendrogenesis. WNT pathway activation in neural progenitors; luciferase reporter assay; Ngn2-EnR dominant repressor in ovo overexpression; in situ hybridization Molecular brain Medium 33187539
2022 Neurog2 directly mediates enhancer activity, DNA demethylation, increased chromatin accessibility, and chromatin looping in vivo in the developing mouse neocortex, functioning as a key epigenome remodeler in cortical lineage specification. Single-cell ATAC-seq; single-cell RNA-seq; DNA methylation profiling; 3D chromatin architecture (Hi-C/promoter capture); enhancer activity assays; in vivo functional validation with Neurog2 manipulation Nature neuroscience High 35132236
2017 Neurog2 and Ascl1 cooperate to regulate laminar fate transitions in the neocortex via a derepression circuit involving Tbr1, Fezf2, Satb2, and Ctip2: Neurog2 promotes deep-layer (Tbr1+/Ctip2+) neurogenesis when expressed in early cortical progenitors but cannot influence the derepression circuit when misexpressed in late progenitors. Neurog2 also regulates temporal regulators Ikaros and Foxg1. Conditional knockout (Neurog2;Ascl1 double mutants); stable gain-of-function transgenics; acute misexpression by in utero electroporation; marker analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 28584103
2010 In the MTG family feedback regulation, MTGR1 and MTG16 inhibit both NEUROG2 and ASCL1 transcriptional activity, while MTG8 does so less efficiently. Deletion mapping of MTGR1 showed it binds NEUROG2 using multiple interaction surfaces and all conserved MTGR1 domains are required for repressor activity. Transcription reporter assays; deletion mapping/mutagenesis; ectopic expression in chick spinal cord; expression analysis Neuroscience letters Medium 20214951
2018 Phosphorylation of the bHLH domain of Ngn2 (mimicking atonal-type phosphorylation) acts as a dominant inhibitory switch that overrides the activity-enhancing effect of preventing N- and C-terminal CDK-site phosphorylation; thus the bHLH domain phosphorylation is epistatic to multisite phosphorylation in controlling proneural activity. Phospho-mimetic and phospho-blocking mutations combined in Ngn2; functional assay in Xenopus embryos in vivo Wellcome open research Medium 30430141
2023 Neurog2 directly represses Isl1 transcription via two SNPs in the 5'UTR of Isl1 that create a novel E-box, as validated in vitro. Conditional single and double knockout mice confirm countervailing actions of Neurog2 (repressor) and Isl1 on retinal horizontal cell population size, establishing a genetic epistasis between these loci. Quantitative trait loci mapping; single and double conditional knockout mice; in vitro E-box reporter validation with SNP mutagenesis Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 36537573
2023 Ngn2 and Ascl1 convert mouse embryonic stem cells to induced neurons via mechanistically distinct paths: Ascl1 rapidly dismantles the pluripotency network and installs neuronal/trophoblast fates, whereas Ngn2 generates a neural stem cell-like intermediate supported by incomplete shutdown of pluripotency. CRISPR-Cas9 screens show Ascl1 relies on Tcf7l1 for cell cycle exit; Cdkn1c overexpression restores neuron generation in Tcf7l1-KO cells, placing Ngn2-mediated conversion through a distinct cell cycle-independent intermediate. ScRNA-seq time course; CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening; Cdkn1c overexpression rescue; lineage-driver binding analysis Nature communications Medium 37660160
2024 Neurog2 binding in mouse ESCs and neural progenitor cells is determined by cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and motif syntax (E-box context); Neurog2 binding primarily leads to chromatin opening, DNA demethylation, and increased chromatin interactions. Cell-type-specific Neurog2 interactors were identified including the SWI/SNF and NuRD complexes. ChIP-seq; ATAC-seq; DNA methylation profiling; chromatin interaction assays; mass spectrometry-based interactome in two cell types bioRxivpreprint Medium
2025 A phospho-insensitive Neurog2 variant (Neurog2-9SA, preventing CDK-dependent multisite phosphorylation) efficiently converts Müller glia into multiple retinal neuron types (bipolar, starburst amacrine, photoreceptor-like) in vivo via AAV delivery. Single-cell multiomics show Neurog2-9SA reprograms Müller glia by remodeling chromatin accessibility and activating neurogenic transcriptional networks while repressing glial identity programs. Inhibiting Notch signaling enhances reprogramming efficiency. AAV-mediated gene delivery; genetic lineage tracing; immunohistochemistry; electrophysiology; single-cell multiomic profiling (scRNA-seq + scATAC-seq); Notch inhibition epistasis bioRxivpreprint Medium

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 93 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Divergent functions of the proneural genes Mash1 and Ngn2 in the specification of neuronal subtype identity. Genes & development 301 11825874
2018 Combining NGN2 Programming with Developmental Patterning Generates Human Excitatory Neurons with NMDAR-Mediated Synaptic Transmission. Cell reports 217 29791859
2015 Rapid Ngn2-induction of excitatory neurons from hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 130 26626326
2016 Small Molecules Modulate Chromatin Accessibility to Promote NEUROG2-Mediated Fibroblast-to-Neuron Reprogramming. Stem cell reports 107 28157484
2005 Sequential roles for Mash1 and Ngn2 in the generation of dorsal spinal cord interneurons. Development (Cambridge, England) 103 15901662
2021 NGN2 induces diverse neuron types from human pluripotency. Stem cell reports 101 34358451
2019 Proneural factors Ascl1 and Neurog2 contribute to neuronal subtype identities by establishing distinct chromatin landscapes. Nature neuroscience 100 31086315
2009 Ascl1 and Neurog2 form novel complexes and regulate Delta-like3 (Dll3) expression in the neural tube. Developmental biology 91 19389376
2010 Neurog2 controls the leading edge of neurogenesis in the mammalian retina. Developmental biology 87 20144606
2008 Periventricular notch activation and asymmetric Ngn2 and Tbr2 expression in pair-generated neocortical daughter cells. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 83 19059340
2010 Folic acid remodels chromatin on Hes1 and Neurog2 promoters during caudal neural tube development. The Journal of biological chemistry 75 20833714
2012 Post-translational modification of Ngn2 differentially affects transcription of distinct targets to regulate the balance between progenitor maintenance and differentiation. Development (Cambridge, England) 74 22491944
2009 Involvement of Ngn2, Tbr and NeuroD proteins during postnatal olfactory bulb neurogenesis. The European journal of neuroscience 69 19200230
2011 Sequential generation of olfactory bulb glutamatergic neurons by Neurog2-expressing precursor cells. Neural development 66 21466690
2012 NEUROG2 drives cell cycle exit of neuronal precursors by specifically repressing a subset of cyclins acting at the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. Molecular and cellular biology 61 22547683
2007 Proliferating neuronal progenitors in the postnatal hippocampus transiently express the proneural gene Ngn2. The European journal of neuroscience 61 17466019
2006 Ngn2 and Nurr1 act in synergy to induce midbrain dopaminergic neurons from expanded neural stem and progenitor cells. Experimental cell research 59 17291494
2008 Key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor genes Hes1 and Ngn2 are regulated by Pax3 during mouse embryonic development. Developmental biology 58 18308300
2008 Effects on differentiation of embryonic ventral midbrain progenitors by Lmx1a, Msx1, Ngn2, and Pitx3. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 58 18385323
2022 Multimodal profiling of the transcriptional regulatory landscape of the developing mouse cortex identifies Neurog2 as a key epigenome remodeler. Nature neuroscience 55 35132236
2014 Neurog1 and Neurog2 control two waves of neuronal differentiation in the piriform cortex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 51 24403153
2009 Neurog2 is a direct downstream target of the Ptf1a-Rbpj transcription complex in dorsal spinal cord. Development (Cambridge, England) 48 19641016
2023 Efficient generation of lower induced motor neurons by coupling Ngn2 expression with developmental cues. Cell reports 41 36596304
2010 Role of Pax3 acetylation in the regulation of Hes1 and Neurog2. Molecular biology of the cell 41 21169561
2017 Neurog2 and Ascl1 together regulate a postmitotic derepression circuit to govern laminar fate specification in the murine neocortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 28584103
2012 Neurog1 and Neurog2 coordinately regulate development of the olfactory system. Neural development 37 22906231
2021 Neurog2 directly converts astrocytes into functional neurons in midbrain and spinal cord. Cell death & disease 36 33649354
2014 Notch signaling differentially regulates Atoh7 and Neurog2 in the distal mouse retina. Development (Cambridge, England) 36 25100656
2019 Overexpression of NEUROG2 and NEUROG1 in human embryonic stem cells produces a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 35 30698461
2024 Fully defined NGN2 neuron protocol reveals diverse signatures of neuronal maturation. Cell reports methods 29 39255791
2004 Differential expression of Pax6 and Ngn2 between pair-generated cortical neurons. Journal of neuroscience research 29 15523634
2023 Ascl1 and Ngn2 convert mouse embryonic stem cells to neurons via functionally distinct paths. Nature communications 28 37660160
2010 Non-canonical ubiquitylation of the proneural protein Ngn2 occurs in both Xenopus embryos and mammalian cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 20807509
2019 ETV5 is Essential for Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells by Repressing NEUROG2 Expression. Stem cell reviews and reports 27 31273540
2022 Combining NGN2 programming and dopaminergic patterning for a rapid and efficient generation of hiPSC-derived midbrain neurons. Scientific reports 26 36229560
2021 Generation of two gene edited iPSC-lines carrying a DOX-inducible NGN2 expression cassette with and without GFP in the AAVS1 locus. Stem cell research 25 33610017
2021 Initiation of Otx2 expression in the developing mouse retina requires a unique enhancer and either Ascl1 or Neurog2 activity. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 34143204
2018 Dysregulation of NEUROG2 plays a key role in focal cortical dysplasia. Annals of neurology 24 29461643
2020 Neurog2 Acts as a Classical Proneural Gene in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus and Is Required for the Early Phase of Neurogenesis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 22 32273485
2012 Methylation status of NEUROG2 and NID2 improves the diagnosis of stage I NSCLC. Oncology letters 22 22741015
2023 Robust induction of functional astrocytes using NGN2 expression in human pluripotent stem cells. iScience 21 37534135
2018 Instructing neuronal identity during CNS development and astroglial-lineage reprogramming: Roles of NEUROG2 and ASCL1. Brain research 21 29510143
2017 DISC1 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells through Pax5, Sox2, Dll1 and Neurog2. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 21 28900388
2015 Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell NEUROG2 Dual Knockin Reporter Lines Generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Stem cells and development 21 26414932
2013 Sustained vs. oscillating expressions of Ngn2, Dll1 and Hes1: a model of neural differentiation of embryonic telencephalon. Journal of theoretical biology 21 23499991
2017 Neuroprotective effect of olfactory ensheathing cells co-transfected with Nurr1 and Ngn2 in both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease. Life sciences 19 29291419
2021 Development of a fully human assay combining NGN2-inducible neurons co-cultured with iPSC-derived astrocytes amenable for electrophysiological studies. Stem cell research 18 34229210
2004 E1-Ngn2/Cre is a new line for regional activation of Cre recombinase in the developing CNS. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 18 15593326
2002 Expression of Ngn1, Ngn2, Cash1, Gsh2 and Sfrp1 in the developing chick telencephalon. Mechanisms of development 18 11744393
2020 Fbxo9 functions downstream of Sox10 to determine neuron-glial fate choice in the dorsal root ganglia through Neurog2 destabilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 16 32029586
2018 TAT-Ngn2 Enhances Cognitive Function Recovery and Regulates Caspase-Dependent and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways After Experimental Stroke. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 16 30618628
2013 Naturally occurring Ngn2 promoter activators from Butea superba. Molecular bioSystems 16 23903453
2021 NGN2 mmRNA-Based Transcriptional Programming in Microfluidic Guides hiPSCs Toward Neural Fate With Multiple Identities. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 15 33679325
2023 Activity-Dependent Transcriptional Program in NGN2+ Neurons Enriched for Genetic Risk for Brain-Related Disorders. Biological psychiatry 14 37454787
2019 Neurog2 Deficiency Uncovers a Critical Period of Cell Fate Plasticity and Vulnerability among Neural-Crest-Derived Somatosensory Progenitors. Cell reports 14 31801063
2007 Neurospheres derived from human embryoid bodies treated with retinoic Acid show an increase in nestin and ngn2 expression that correlates with the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. Stem cells and development 14 17784840
2020 WNT signaling suppresses oligodendrogenesis via Ngn2-dependent direct inhibition of Olig2 expression. Molecular brain 13 33187539
2018 Direct Reprogramming of Adult Human Somatic Stem Cells Into Functional Neurons Using Sox2, Ascl1, and Neurog2. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 13 29937717
2009 Feedback regulation of NEUROG2 activity by MTGR1 is required for progression of neurogenesis. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 13 19646530
2014 Transcriptional regulatory events initiated by Ascl1 and Neurog2 during neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 12 25189318
2022 Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. Cell reports methods 11 36452863
2015 Phenolic compounds from the bark of Oroxylum indicum activate the Ngn2 promoter. Journal of natural medicines 11 26014045
2011 Differential contribution of Neurog1 and Neurog2 on the formation of cranial ganglia along the anterior-posterior axis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 10 22102600
2024 Insights for disease modeling from single-cell transcriptomics of iPSC-derived Ngn2-induced neurons and astrocytes across differentiation time and co-culture. BMC biology 9 38566045
2022 TAT-LBD-Ngn2-improved cognitive functions after global cerebral ischemia by enhancing neurogenesis. Brain and behavior 9 36495119
2015 Inubosins A, B, and C are acridine alkaloids isolated from a culture of Streptomyces sp. IFM 11440 with Ngn2 promoter activity. Journal of natural products 9 25621736
2022 Cend1 and Neurog2 efficiently reprogram human cortical astrocytes to neural precursor cells and induced-neurons. The International journal of developmental biology 8 34549796
2010 Interaction of MTG family proteins with NEUROG2 and ASCL1 in the developing nervous system. Neuroscience letters 8 20214951
2023 Disruption of DDX53 coding sequence has limited impact on iPSC-derived human NGN2 neurons. BMC medical genomics 7 36635662
2023 Engineered neurogenesis in naïve adult rat cortex by Ngn2-mediated neuronal reprogramming of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Frontiers in neuroscience 7 37662111
2025 Protocol for generating NGN2 iPSC lines and large-scale human neuron production. STAR protocols 5 40022736
2021 Transcriptomic data of Clozapine-treated Ngn2-induced Human Excitatory Neurons. Data in brief 5 33681435
2019 Generation of a knock-in MAP2-tdTomato reporter human embryonic stem cell line with inducible expression of NEUROG2/1 (NYGCe001-A). Stem cell research 5 31707212
2024 Generation of a gene-edited H9 embryonic stem cell line carrying a DOX-inducible NGN2 expression cassette in the CLYBL locus. Stem cell research 4 38244534
2009 Genetic analysis of the NEUROG2 gene in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters 4 19879328
2024 Generation of three isogenic gene-edited Huntington's disease human embryonic stem cell lines with DOX-inducible NGN2 expression cassette in the AAVS1 safe locus. Stem cell research 3 38569398
2023 Neurog2 regulates Isl1 to modulate horizontal cell number. Development (Cambridge, England) 3 36537573
2020 Transcriptional activity of FIGLA, NEUROG2, and EGR1 transcription factors associated with polymorphisms in the proximal regulatory region of GPR54 gene in cattle. Animal reproduction science 3 32507252
2018 Interaction between opposing modes of phospho-regulation of the proneural proteins Ascl1 and Ngn2. Wellcome open research 3 30430141
2025 BMP, MEK, and WNT inhibition with NGN2 expression for rapid generation of hiPSC-derived neurons amenable to regional patterning. Stem cell reports 2 40541177
2025 Extended NGN2 Expression in iPSCs Dramatically Enhances Purity of Neuronal Cultures. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2 40667215
2023 NGN2-based neuronal programming of hiPSCs in an automated microfluidic platform. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2 37178505
2025 A novel role for Neurog2 in MYCN driven neuroendocrine plasticity of prostate cancer. Oncogene 1 40301542
2025 Ngn2-Induced Differentiation of the NG108-15 Cell Line Enhances Motor Neuronal Differentiation and Neuromuscular Junction Formation. Biomolecules 1 40427530
2024 Decoding single-cell molecular mechanisms in astrocyte-to-iN reprogramming via Ngn2- and Pax6-mediated direct lineage switching. European journal of medical research 1 39068473
2024 SOXC Enhances NGN2-Mediated Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Cells Into Neuron-Like Cells by Modulating RhoA and RAC1/CDC42 Pathway Activity. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 1 39390804
2026 Early Reprogramming Intermediates Enable Direct Neuronal Conversion Via NGN2. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 0 41632409
2026 Generation of two tetracycline-inducible NGN2 iN iPSC lines carrying a heterozygous floating-Harbor syndrome SRCAP truncating mutation. Stem cell research 0 41655494
2026 Influenza A virus infection impairs neuronal activity in human iPSC-derived NGN2 neural co-cultures. Acta neuropathologica communications 0 42001118
2025 Ngn2 and Isl1-mediated astrocyte-to-neuron conversion in vivo promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Cell reports. Medicine 0 41265444
2025 Correction: Meli et al. Ngn2-Induced Differentiation of the NG108-15 Cell Line Enhances Motor Neuronal Differentiation and Neuromuscular Junction Formation. Biomolecules 2025, 15, 637. Biomolecules 0 41463407
2024 A Snapshot of Early Transcriptional Changes Accompanying the Pro-Neural Phenotype Switch by NGN2, ASCL1, SOX2, and MSI1 in Human Fibroblasts: An RNA-Seq Study. International journal of molecular sciences 0 39596450
2016 Distribution of pancreatic B cell imaging agent (99m)Tc-DTPA-NGN2 in the body and animal experimental research on pancreatic B cell functional imaging. American journal of translational research 0 27186309

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