Affinage

MSLN

Mesothelin · UniProt Q13421

Length
630 aa
Mass
69.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 7 papers cited in narrative 7 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MSLN encodes mesothelin, a cell-surface glycoprotein whose cancer-specific overexpression is driven transcriptionally by the enhancer factor TEF-1/TEAD1, which binds the MCAT element within an 18-bp upstream 'CanScript' enhancer; TEF-1 knockdown reduces mesothelin overexpression in cancer cells (PMID:17909009). The MSLN promoter lacks TATA and SP1 boxes and depends on a minimal constitutive region plus position- and orientation-independent tissue-specific enhancers (PMID:10683314). Mesothelin expression is additionally tuned post-transcriptionally: a common 3' UTR SNP (rs1057147) creates an allele-specific miR-611 binding site, and miR-611 reduces endogenous mesothelin protein in a genotype-dependent manner (PMID:25436799). Functionally, mesothelin acts in a MSLN-Thy1 signaling axis that drives tissue fibroblast activation; Msln-knockout mice are protected from cholestatic liver, bleomycin lung, and UUO kidney fibrosis, and targeting MSLN+ portal fibroblasts reduces collagen deposition (PMID:34253615). In cancer cells, loss of mesothelin diminishes proliferation, invasion, and sphere-forming stemness (PMID:24465798). Its surface accessibility makes mesothelin a tractable therapeutic target, exemplified by a MSLN-directed thorium-227 alpha-particle conjugate that induces DNA double-strand breaks and antitumor efficacy across xenograft models (PMID:31064781).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 7 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Defining the architecture of the MSLN promoter was needed to understand how the gene is transcriptionally controlled; this established a TATA-less minimal promoter governed by separable upstream tissue-specific enhancers.

    Evidence Promoter deletion constructs and transient transfection assays with genomic sequencing

    PMID:10683314

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the trans-acting factors binding the enhancers not resolved
    • No link to cancer-specific expression at this stage
    • Single study without independent replication
  2. 2007 High

    It was unknown which factor drove cancer-selective MSLN overexpression; identification of TEF-1/TEAD1 binding the MCAT element of the CanScript enhancer established a direct transcriptional activator of MSLN in cancer.

    Evidence EMSA, ChIP, promoter mutagenesis, and TEF-1 siRNA knockdown in cancer cells

    PMID:17909009

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signals controlling TEF-1 activity at this enhancer unknown
    • Role of the adjacent Sp1-like site not fully dissected
    • Whether the same mechanism operates in non-malignant tissue not addressed
  3. 2014 Medium

    Whether mesothelin had a cell-autonomous role in tumor biology was unclear; siRNA knockdown in mesothelioma cells established that mesothelin supports proliferation, invasion, and stemness and sensitizes cells to cisplatin.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with proliferation, invasion, sphere formation, and apoptosis assays in Mero-14 cells

    PMID:24465798

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular effectors downstream of mesothelin not defined here
    • Transient knockdown only
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  4. 2014 Medium

    The basis for inter-individual variation in mesothelin levels was unknown; a 3' UTR SNP creating an allele-specific miR-611 site established post-transcriptional, genotype-dependent regulation of MSLN.

    Evidence Allele-specific dual-luciferase reporters, miR-611 mimic transfection, and Western blot of endogenous protein

    PMID:25436799

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological contexts where miR-611 is expressed not mapped
    • Clinical/phenotypic consequence of the SNP not established
    • Single lab
  5. 2019 Medium

    Whether surface mesothelin could be exploited for targeted therapy was being tested; a MSLN-directed thorium-227 alpha conjugate established that antigen binding can deliver cytotoxic radiation causing DNA double-strand breaks and tumor regression.

    Evidence In vitro binding, γH2AX/apoptosis assays, and multiple cancer xenograft efficacy and biodistribution studies

    PMID:31064781

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrates targeting, not endogenous mesothelin signaling
    • Off-target/normal-tissue toxicity not the focus
    • Single developer
  6. 2021 High

    The physiological function of mesothelin outside cancer was undefined; knockout mouse studies established a MSLN-Thy1 signaling complex driving fibroblast activation and a pro-fibrotic role across multiple organs.

    Evidence Msln-/- and Thy1-/- mice across BDL, bleomycin, and UUO fibrosis models with anti-MSLN immunotoxin treatment

    PMID:34253615

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical nature of the MSLN-Thy1 interaction not structurally resolved
    • Downstream signaling driving fibroblast activation not fully defined
    • Human fibrosis relevance inferred from mouse models
  7. 2021 Low

    How mesothelin links to oncogenic signaling was unclear; metformin-induced MSLN downregulation reducing IL-6/STAT3 activity placed mesothelin upstream of this axis in ovarian cancer.

    Evidence Metformin treatment with knockdown/overexpression and Western blot of IL-6/STAT3, VEGF, TGFβ1 in ovarian cancer cells

    PMID:34238029

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct reconstitution of a MSLN–IL-6/STAT3 interaction
    • Pathway placement inferred from expression changes after drug treatment
    • Single lab, correlative

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular receptor/effector mechanism by which mesothelin transduces signals to drive both fibroblast activation and tumor cell phenotypes remains undefined.
  • Structure of the MSLN-Thy1 complex unknown
  • Direct downstream signaling cascade not mapped
  • Whether fibrosis and cancer roles share one mechanism unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Partners
TEAD1THY1

Evidence

Reading pass · 7 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 The MSLN gene spans 8 kb of human chromosome 16, is encoded by 15 exons with an 1884-bp open reading frame, and its promoter lacks a TATA box and SP1 sites. Transient transfection assays localized a minimal constitutive promoter to a 317-bp region and identified tissue-specific enhancer elements upstream of this minimal promoter that activate transcription in a position- and orientation-independent manner. Transient transfection analysis, promoter deletion constructs, genomic sequencing Molecular cell biology research communications : MCBRC Medium 10683314
2007 An 18-bp upstream enhancer element called 'CanScript' drives cancer-specific MSLN overexpression. The CanScript contains two functional sites: an Sp1-like site and an MCAT element. Gel retardation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that transcription enhancer factor TEF-1 (TEAD1) binds the MCAT element both in vitro and in vivo, and TEF-1 knockdown reduced MSLN protein overexpression in cancer cells. Promoter deletion/mutation analysis, gel retardation (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), TEF-1 siRNA knockdown, transient transfection Cancer research High 17909009
2021 MSLN knockout mice (Msln-/-) are protected from cholestatic liver fibrosis (Mdr2-deficient model), bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and UUO-induced kidney fibrosis, while Thy1-/- mice are more susceptible, indicating that a MSLN-Thy1 signaling complex is critical for tissue fibroblast activation. Targeting MSLN+ activated portal fibroblasts with anti-MSLN immunotoxins reduced collagen deposition in bile duct ligation-injured mice. Genetic knockout mouse models (Msln-/-, Thy1-/-), multiple fibrosis models (BDL, bleomycin, UUO), anti-MSLN immunotoxin treatment, collagen deposition assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 34253615
2021 Metformin treatment in ovarian cancer cells reduced MSLN expression, which in turn downregulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activity and subsequently reduced VEGF and TGFβ1 expression, leading to inhibition of cell growth, migration, and stemness. Cell-based assays (proliferation, migration, apoptosis), molecular knockdown/overexpression, Western blot for pathway components Cell transplantation Low 34238029
2014 Transient siRNA-mediated MSLN knockdown in MSLN-overexpressing mesothelioma cells (Mero-14) caused decreased proliferation, reduced invasive capacity, and reduced sphere formation; combined MSLN-siRNA with cisplatin triggered increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation compared to either agent alone. siRNA knockdown, proliferation assay, invasion assay, sphere formation assay, apoptosis assay PloS one Medium 24465798
2014 A common SNP (rs1057147) in the 3' UTR of MSLN creates a binding site for miR-611. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed lower reporter activity with the G allele vs. A allele; miR-611 mimic reduced reporter activity only of the G-allele construct. Transfection of miR-611 into mesothelioma cells (Mero-14) significantly reduced endogenous MSLN protein levels, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of MSLN by miR-611 in a genotype-dependent manner. Dual-luciferase reporter assay with allele-specific constructs, miRNA mimic transfection, Western blot for endogenous MSLN protein Journal of thoracic oncology Medium 25436799
2019 MSLN-targeted thorium-227 conjugate (BAY 2287411) binds MSLN-expressing tumor cells and, upon delivery of alpha-particle radiation, induces DNA double-strand breaks, apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress, leading to reduced cellular viability and significant antitumor efficacy in vivo in multiple cancer xenograft models. In vitro binding assay, DNA damage markers (γH2AX), apoptosis assays, in vivo xenograft models (breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, pancreatic), biodistribution studies Clinical cancer research Medium 31064781

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1988 The Xenopus cdc2 protein is a component of MPF, a cytoplasmic regulator of mitosis. Cell 748 3293802
1989 Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF. Cell 627 2538242
1993 Phosphorylation and activation of human cdc25-C by cdc2--cyclin B and its involvement in the self-amplification of MPF at mitosis. The EMBO journal 586 8428594
1988 cdc2 is a component of the M phase-specific histone H1 kinase: evidence for identity with MPF. Cell 497 2844417
1989 MPF from starfish oocytes at first meiotic metaphase is a heterodimer containing one molecule of cdc2 and one molecule of cyclin B. The EMBO journal 491 2531073
1993 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs. Nature 404 8232587
1994 Microtubule and chromatin behavior follow MAP kinase activity but not MPF activity during meiosis in mouse oocytes. Development (Cambridge, England) 356 7600950
1989 Purification of MPF from starfish: identification as the H1 histone kinase p34cdc2 and a possible mechanism for its periodic activation. Cell 338 2649251
1993 The c-mos proto-oncogene protein kinase turns on and maintains the activity of MAP kinase, but not MPF, in cell-free extracts of Xenopus oocytes and eggs. The EMBO journal 302 8387916
1998 MPF localization is controlled by nuclear export. The EMBO journal 292 9670027
1998 PKA and MPF-activated polo-like kinase regulate anaphase-promoting complex activity and mitosis progression. Molecular cell 281 9660921
1991 Xenopus M phase MAP kinase: isolation of its cDNA and activation by MPF. The EMBO journal 265 1714387
1991 INH, a negative regulator of MPF, is a form of protein phosphatase 2A. Cell 226 1846321
1988 Regulation of MPF activity in vitro. Cell 195 2834064
1998 The Polo-like kinase Plx1 is a component of the MPF amplification loop at the G2/M-phase transition of the cell cycle in Xenopus eggs. Journal of cell science 181 9601104
1989 Okadaic acid, a specific protein phosphatase inhibitor, induces maturation and MPF formation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. FEBS letters 174 2538367
1991 Cyclin B in Xenopus oocytes: implications for the mechanism of pre-MPF activation. The EMBO journal 166 1824935
1991 Independent inactivation of MPF and cytostatic factor (Mos) upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs. Nature 164 1830371
1996 Protein phosphatase 2A regulates MPF activity and sister chromatid cohesion in budding yeast. Current biology : CB 162 8994825
1990 Translational control by cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation: characterization of cis and trans elements and regulation by cyclin/MPF. The EMBO journal 151 2145153
2001 From oocyte maturation to the in vitro cell cycle: the history of discoveries of Maturation-Promoting Factor (MPF) and Cytostatic Factor (CSF). Differentiation; research in biological diversity 132 11776390
1995 Newly synthesized protein(s) must associate with p34cdc2 to activate MAP kinase and MPF during progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes. The EMBO journal 126 8521817
2001 The interplay between cyclin-B-Cdc2 kinase (MPF) and MAP kinase during maturation of oocytes. Journal of cell science 121 11148128
1990 The cyclin B2 component of MPF is a substrate for the c-mos(xe) proto-oncogene product. Cell 118 2140529
1992 Regulation of a major microtubule-associated protein by MPF and MAP kinase. The EMBO journal 108 1327753
1992 Oscillation of MPF is accompanied by periodic association between cdc25 and cdc2-cyclin B. Cell 104 1310257
2007 How eggs arrest at metaphase II: MPF stabilisation plus APC/C inhibition equals Cytostatic Factor. Cell division 94 17257429
2019 Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 88 31064781
2000 A role for cyclin A1 in the activation of MPF and G2-M transition during meiosis of male germ cells in mice. Developmental biology 88 10926775
1999 Phosphatase 2A and polo kinase, two antagonistic regulators of cdc25 activation and MPF auto-amplification. Journal of cell science 83 10523510
1999 Dissociation of MAP kinase activation and MPF activation in hormone-stimulated maturation of Xenopus oocytes. Development (Cambridge, England) 82 10498688
1992 An extra copy of nimEcyclinB elevates pre-MPF levels and partially suppresses mutation of nimTcdc25 in Aspergillus nidulans. The EMBO journal 80 1534750
1998 Components of the signaling pathway linking the 1-methyladenine receptor to MPF activation and maturation in starfish oocytes. Developmental biology 76 9578616
1990 Characterization of MPF activation by okadaic acid in Xenopus oocyte. Cell differentiation and development : the official journal of the International Society of Developmental Biologists 72 1689204
1989 A purified complex from Xenopus oocytes contains a p47 protein, an in vivo substrate of MPF, and a p30 protein respectively homologous to elongation factors EF-1 gamma and EF-1 beta. FEBS letters 72 2676593
1994 MPF components and meiotic competence in growing pig oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development 70 8049069
2010 Constant regulation of both the MPF amplification loop and the Greatwall-PP2A pathway is required for metaphase II arrest and correct entry into the first embryonic cell cycle. Journal of cell science 69 20554897
2017 Quercetin delays postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes by regulating SIRT expression and MPF activity. Oncotarget 67 28418847
2005 Effects of enucleation and caffeine on maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities in ovine oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts for nuclear transfer. Biology of reproduction 67 16371593
2012 Centrosomal MPF triggers the mitotic and morphogenetic switches of fission yeast. Nature cell biology 66 23222840
1992 The fall of biological maturation promoting factor (MPF) and histone H1 kinase activity during anaphase and telophase in mouse oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development 62 1323308
2001 Kinetics of meiotic progression, M-phase promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activities during in vitro maturation of porcine and bovine oocytes: species specific differences in the length of the meiotic stages. Animal reproduction science 61 11348780
1991 A model for the adjustment of the mitotic clock by cyclin and MPF levels. Science (New York, N.Y.) 61 1825521
2006 Cyclin B dissociation from CDK1 precedes its degradation upon MPF inactivation in mitotic extracts of Xenopus laevis embryos. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 58 16921258
2015 Entry into mitosis: a solution to the decades-long enigma of MPF. Chromosoma 56 25712366
2007 High cancer-specific expression of mesothelin (MSLN) is attributable to an upstream enhancer containing a transcription enhancer factor dependent MCAT motif. Cancer research 56 17909009
1999 Activation of MPF at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes. Developmental biology 56 10491252
1988 Monoclonal antibodies specific for thiophosphorylated proteins recognize Xenopus MPF. Developmental biology 56 3044877
2021 Tandem CAR-T cells targeting FOLR1 and MSLN enhance the antitumor effects in ovarian cancer. International journal of biological sciences 54 34803504
1998 MPF amplification in Xenopus oocyte extracts depends on a two-step activation of cdc25 phosphatase. Experimental cell research 54 9806800
1998 Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in relation to oocyte competence for in-vitro maturation in the mare. Molecular human reproduction 52 9665339
1992 A novel homo-oligomeric protein responsible for an MPF-dependent microtubule-severing activity. The EMBO journal 51 1361167
1998 A propagated wave of MPF activation accompanies surface contraction waves at first mitosis in Xenopus. Journal of cell science 50 9427686
2023 Tuned activation of MSLN-CAR T cells induces superior antitumor responses in ovarian cancer models. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 49 36746513
1993 p21ras-induced meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes in the absence of protein synthesis: MPF activation is preceded by activation of MAP and S6 kinases. Oncogene 48 8381222
2018 MPF-based meiotic cell cycle control: Half a century of lessons from starfish oocytes. Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 45 29643273
2003 Endoplasmic reticulum reorganizations and Ca2+ signaling in maturing and fertilized oocytes of marine protostome worms: the roles of MAPKs and MPF. Development (Cambridge, England) 45 12756171
2002 Association of MPF, MAPK, and nuclear progression dynamics during activation of young and aged bovine oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development 41 11933170
2006 Effect of oocyte diameter on meiotic competence, embryo development, p34 (cdc2) expression and MPF activity in prepubertal goat oocytes. Theriogenology 40 17014901
2022 Trogocytosis and fratricide killing impede MSLN-directed CAR T cell functionality. Oncoimmunology 37 35898704
2018 MSLN (Mesothelin), ANTXR1 (TEM8), and MUC3A are the potent antigenic targets for CAR T cell therapy of gastric adenocarcinoma. Journal of cellular biochemistry 37 30260046
2004 Association of female aging with decreased parthenogenetic activation, raised MPF, and MAPKs activities and reduced levels of glutathione S-transferases activity and thiols in mouse oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development 37 15457541
2002 Discrimination of the roles of MPF and MAP kinase in morphological changes that occur during oocyte maturation. Developmental biology 36 12482715
1998 Changes in cyclin B during oocyte maturation and early embryonic cell cycle in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster: requirement of germinal vesicle for MPF activation. Developmental biology 36 9520324
2012 A MSLN-targeted multifunctional nanoimmunoliposome for MRI and targeting therapy in pancreatic cancer. International journal of nanomedicine 35 23028227
2006 M-phase MELK activity is regulated by MPF and MAPK. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 35 16628004
2004 Polo-like kinase confers MPF autoamplification competence to growing Xenopus oocytes. Development (Cambridge, England) 35 14985258
1995 UV irradiation of chromosomal DNA and its effect upon MPF and meiosis in mammalian oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development 35 7576618
2013 Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the MSLN gene products, mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor, as biomarkers for mesothelioma in pleural effusions and serum. Disease markers 34 24167356
1994 Microinjection of Cdc25 protein phosphatase into Xenopus prophase oocyte activates MPF and arrests meiosis at metaphase I. Biology of the cell 34 7735115
1991 The Role of "Cytostatic Factor (CSF)" in the Control of Oocyte Cell Cycles: A Summary of 20 Years of Study: (CSF/MPF/Cell Cycle/Metaphase Arrest). Development, growth & differentiation 34 37280838
2021 Metformin Antagonizes Ovarian Cancer Cells Malignancy Through MSLN Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Signaling. Cell transplantation 33 34238029
2000 Nuclei and microtubule asters stimulate maturation/M phase promoting factor (MPF) activation in Xenopus eggs and egg cytoplasmic extracts. The Journal of cell biology 33 10973988
2013 Removal of centrosomal PP1 by NIMA kinase unlocks the MPF feedback loop to promote mitotic commitment in S. pombe. Current biology : CB 32 23333317
1997 Protein kinase C is required for the disappearance of MPF upon artificial activation in mouse eggs. Molecular reproduction and development 31 9291480
2004 Protein synthesis and mRNA storage in cattle oocytes maintained under meiotic block by roscovitine inhibition of MPF activity. Molecular reproduction and development 29 15457512
2007 Zinc regulates the ability of Cdc25C to activate MPF/cdk1. Journal of cellular physiology 27 17443687
2000 Structure of the Mesothelin/MPF gene and characterization of its promoter. Molecular cell biology research communications : MCBRC 27 10683314
1996 Radiation with 1 Gy prevents the activation of the mitotic inducers mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) and cdc25-C in HeLa cells. Cancer research 27 8625296
2021 Immunotherapy-based targeting of MSLN+ activated portal fibroblasts is a strategy for treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 26 34253615
2019 Microcystin-LR promotes zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocyte (in vivo) maturation by activating ERK1/2-MPF signaling pathways, and cAMP is involved in this process. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 26 31887595
2004 Activation with ethanol improves embryo development of ICSI-derived oocytes by regulation of kinetics of MPF activity. The Journal of reproduction and development 26 15118243
1990 MPF and cyclin: modelling of the cell cycle minimum oscillator. Bio Systems 26 2147396
2010 Mesothelin (MSLN) promoter is hypomethylated in malignant mesothelioma, but its expression is not associated with methylation status of the promoter. Human pathology 25 20573372
2014 MSLN gene silencing has an anti-malignant effect on cell lines overexpressing mesothelin deriving from malignant pleural mesothelioma. PloS one 24 24465798
2011 The relationship between tumor MSLN methylation and serum mesothelin (SMRP) in mesothelioma. Epigenetics 24 21775819
2013 The phosphorylation of ARPP19 by Greatwall renders the auto-amplification of MPF independently of PKA in Xenopus oocytes. Journal of cell science 23 23781026
2002 In vitro maturation of bovine oocytes requires polyadenylation of mRNAs coding proteins for chromatin condensation, spindle assembly, MPF and MAP kinase activation. Animal reproduction science 23 12363437
1988 The cell cycle can occur in starfish oocytes and embryos without the production of transferable MPF (maturation-promoting factor). Developmental biology 23 2838346
2002 Characterization of MPF and MAPK activities during meiotic maturation of Xenopus tropicalis oocytes. Developmental biology 22 11977986
2004 Timing of Plk1 and MPF activation during porcine oocyte maturation. Molecular reproduction and development 21 15278898
2014 A common polymorphism within MSLN affects miR-611 binding site and soluble mesothelin levels in healthy people. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 20 25436799
2003 Independent activation of MAP kinase and MPF during the initiation of meiotic maturation in pig oocytes. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 20 12713427
1988 Does autocatalytic amplification of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) exist in mammalian oocytes? Gamete research 20 3068110
2009 Characterization and in vitro control of MPF activity in zebrafish eggs. Zebrafish 18 19292671
1993 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activation in Xenopus oocytes: roles of MPF and protein synthesis. Molecular reproduction and development 18 8398135
2004 M-phase promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) activities of domestic cat oocytes matured in vitro and in vivo. Cloning and stem cells 17 15107242
1995 Brefeldin A provokes indirect activation of cdc2 kinase (MPF) in Xenopus oocytes, resulting in meiotic cell division. Developmental biology 17 7541376
1994 Progesterone but not ras requires MPF for in vivo activation of MAPK and S6 KII: MAPK is an essential conexion point of both signaling pathways. Journal of cellular biochemistry 17 7962177
1986 Partial purification of the maturation-promoting factor MPF from unfertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. European journal of biochemistry 17 3539598

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