Affinage

Showing CAB39 — MO25 is a alias.

CAB39

Calcium-binding protein 39 · UniProt Q9Y376

Length
341 aa
Mass
39.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
53 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAB39 (MO25) is a helical-repeat scaffolding protein that functions as a master allosteric activator of multiple STE20-family and AMPK-upstream kinases (PMID:19892943, PMID:21423148). In the canonical pathway, MO25α/β assembles into a heterotrimeric complex with the pseudokinase STRADα/β and the tumor-suppressor kinase LKB1, forming the upstream AMPK kinase that phosphorylates AMPK at Thr172; catalytically active LKB1, STRAD, and MO25 are all required for full activity (PMID:14511394). MO25 binds a conserved C-terminal WEF motif of STRAD through a hydrophobic pocket and engages a second surface, locking STRAD in a closed active-kinase conformation that binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate while MO25 directly contacts the LKB1 activation loop to stabilize its active state — activation that is allosteric and independent of T-loop phosphorylation (PMID:15561763, PMID:14730349, PMID:19892943). Beyond STRAD/LKB1, MO25 binds and activates the STE20/GCK kinases SPAK, OSR1, MST3, MST4, and YSK1 through a unified structural mechanism in which it rotates the kinase αC helix toward the catalytic core and stabilizes the active activation-loop conformation, driving ~100-fold activation of SPAK/OSR1 and ~3–4-fold activation of MST3/MST4/YSK1 (PMID:21423148, PMID:23434407, PMID:23296203, PMID:24746913). Through activated SPAK/OSR1, MO25 controls phosphorylation of the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1, NKCC2, and NCC (PMID:21423148), and through MST4 it directs Golgi-to-apical translocation and Ezrin phosphorylation in epithelial brush-border formation (PMID:19386264). In the kidney distal convoluted tubule, Cab39 (with paralog Cab39l) is essential for localizing SPAK/OSR1 to the apical membrane with NCC; loss of both isoforms confines phospho-SPAK to intracellular p62-positive condensates, abolishes NCC phosphorylation, and produces a Gitelman syndrome-like phenotype, establishing CAB39 as the factor that releases SPAK from sequestering condensates to the apical membrane (PMID:38258567, PMID:41903110). The LKB1-STRAD-MO25 module is itself regulated by metabolite and protein inputs and feeds AMPK-dependent signaling that influences autophagy and cancer cell phenotypes (PMID:35487917, PMID:37726090).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established that MO25 is an obligatory component of the physiological AMPK-activating kinase, answering what protein machinery phosphorylates AMPK Thr172 upstream of metabolic stress.

    Evidence Biochemical purification of AMPKK from rat liver, recombinant reconstitution, and LKB1-knockout fibroblast rescue

    PMID:14511394

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how MO25 mechanistically activates LKB1
    • Did not address MO25 roles beyond the LKB1/STRAD complex
  2. 2004 High

    Defined the molecular interface and revealed that MO25 activates LKB1 by enhancing STRAD-LKB1 assembly in a phosphorylation-independent manner, reframing LKB1 activation as conformational rather than covalent.

    Evidence Crystal structure of MO25α–STRAD peptide complex plus point mutagenesis and in vitro kinase/binding assays

    PMID:14730349 PMID:15561763

    Open questions at the time
    • Lacked structure of the full trimer showing how LKB1 itself is engaged
    • Did not test whether MO25 acts on kinases other than STRAD
  3. 2009 High

    Solved the heterotrimeric LKB1-STRADα-MO25α structure, establishing the allosteric mechanism whereby STRAD adopts a closed active conformation, binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate, and MO25 stabilizes the LKB1 activation loop.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the trimeric complex with structure-guided mutagenesis

    PMID:19892943

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address physiological inputs that gate complex assembly
    • Did not extend the mechanism to non-LKB1 kinase targets
  4. 2009 High

    Connected MO25 to epithelial morphogenesis by showing it directs MST4 to the subapical membrane to phosphorylate Ezrin, expanding MO25's role beyond AMPK regulation.

    Evidence Co-IP, live-cell imaging of Golgi-to-apical translocation, kinase assay, and epistasis in brush-border formation

    PMID:19386264

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the structural basis of MO25-MST4 activation
    • Translocation trigger downstream of LKB1 not fully resolved
  5. 2011 High

    Generalized MO25 as a broad STE20/GCK-kinase activator, demonstrating direct binding and large-magnitude activation of SPAK/OSR1 and modest activation of MST3/MST4/YSK1, linking MO25 to cation-chloride cotransporter phosphorylation.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays with multiple substrates, binding studies, and siRNA knockdown with rescue of endogenous NKCC1 phosphorylation

    PMID:21423148

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not provide atomic structures of the SPAK/OSR1 complexes
    • In vivo physiological relevance of SPAK/OSR1 activation not yet tested
  6. 2013 High

    Provided the structural rationale for GCK-kinase activation, showing MO25 rotates the kinase αC helix into the active position and that MST4 requires homodimerization for trans-autophosphorylation.

    Evidence Crystal structures of MO25-MST4 and MO25β-MST3 kinase-domain complexes with interface mutagenesis and cellular assays

    PMID:23296203 PMID:23434407

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not capture all activation intermediate states
    • Functional consequence in specific tissues not addressed
  7. 2014 High

    Unified the activation mechanism across GCK kinases and clarified that LKB1 activation involves an extra layer (MO25 activates STRAD which then activates LKB1), distinguishing it from direct GCK activation.

    Evidence Comparative X-ray crystallography of multiple MO25-kinase complexes representing transition and activated states

    PMID:24746913

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural snapshots do not capture dynamics in cells
    • Did not address regulation of complex formation in vivo
  8. 2014 Medium

    Identified a SPAK/OSR1-independent route in which Cab39-associated WNK4 directly activates NKCC1 via a CCT-like PF2 domain, broadening the regulatory architecture of cotransporter control.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro kinase assay, modeling, and Xenopus oocyte cotransporter assays

    PMID:24811174

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; in vivo relevance of the WNK4-Cab39 route not established
    • Structural basis of WNK4-NKCC1 interaction inferred from homology
  9. 2018 Medium

    Revealed an upstream regulatory input wherein WNK-mediated phosphorylation of the SPAK/OSR1 WEWS motif enhances MO25 binding, coupling WNK signaling to MO25-dependent kinase activation.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, mutagenesis, binding studies, and cell-based phosphorylation assays

    PMID:30060950

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; physiological context of phospho-enhanced binding not tested in vivo
    • Quantitative contribution to overall activation unclear
  10. 2024 High

    Demonstrated in vivo that Cab39/Cab39l are essential for apical localization of SPAK/OSR1 with NCC, establishing CAB39 as a determinant of renal salt handling whose loss causes a Gitelman-like phenotype.

    Evidence Tamoxifen-inducible NCC-specific and global Cab39/Cab39l knockout mice with immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and electrolyte analysis

    PMID:38258567

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define what physically tethers SPAK to the apical membrane
    • Did not resolve the nature of the intracellular SPAK puncta
  11. 2026 Medium

    Refined the localization mechanism by showing CAB39 normally releases phospho-SPAK from p62-positive sequestering condensates to the apical membrane, distinct from canonical WNK bodies.

    Evidence Cab39/Cab39l/KS-WNK1 triple-knockout mice with immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and dietary K+ manipulation

    PMID:41903110

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; biophysical nature of the condensates not characterized
    • Mechanism by which CAB39 promotes translocation out of condensates unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 and MO25-GCK kinase modules are spatially and temporally coordinated in vivo, and how diverse upstream inputs (metabolites, regulatory proteins, microRNAs) integrate to set MO25-dependent kinase output across tissues, remains unresolved.
  • No integrated model linking metabolite/protein regulation to context-specific kinase activation
  • Disease-causing CAB39 mutations in humans not defined in the corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 6 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 2
Partners
MST4OXSR1STK11STK24STK25STK39STRADAWNK4
Complex memberships
LKB1-STRAD-MO25 heterotrimeric complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 MO25α/β forms a heterotrimeric complex with LKB1 and STRADα/β that functions as an upstream kinase (AMPKK) phosphorylating AMPK at Thr172; two AMPKK activities purified from rat liver were shown to contain LKB1, STRADα, and MO25α and could be immunoprecipitated with anti-LKB1 antibodies; catalytically active LKB1, STRAD, and MO25 are all required for full AMPK-activating activity. Biochemical purification from rat liver, immunoprecipitation, recombinant complex reconstitution, in vitro kinase assay, LKB1 knockout fibroblasts, HeLa cell reconstitution Journal of biology High 14511394
2004 MO25α has two binding sites on opposite surfaces required for assembly into the complex with STRADα and LKB1; MO25α binds directly to a conserved Trp-Glu-Phe (WEF) sequence at the STRADα C-terminus, markedly enhancing STRADα binding to LKB1 and increasing LKB1 catalytic activity; LKB1 does not require T-loop phosphorylation to be activated by STRADα-MO25α; STRADα can bind ATP but this is not required for LKB1 activation. Point mutagenesis of MO25α and LKB1 cancer mutants, in vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, protein interaction mapping Journal of cell science High 15561763
2004 Crystal structure of MO25α reveals a helical repeat (Armadillo-like) fold; MO25α binds the STRAD C-terminal WEF motif via a hydrophobic pocket; mutagenesis confirmed the structural interface is functionally required for STRAD-LKB1 complex activity. X-ray crystallography of MO25α–STRADα peptide complex, mutagenesis Nature structural & molecular biology High 14730349
2009 Crystal structure of the heterotrimeric LKB1-STRADα-MO25α core complex reveals that STRADα adopts a closed active-kinase conformation and binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate; MO25α stabilizes the active conformation of LKB1 by directly interacting with the LKB1 activation loop; activation is phosphorylation-independent and mediated allosterically. X-ray crystallography of the trimeric complex, structure-guided mutagenesis, functional validation Science High 19892943
2009 MO25α interacts directly with the STE20-family kinase MST4, stimulating its translocation from the Golgi to the subapical membrane upon LKB1 activation; MST4 acts downstream of the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex specifically in brush border formation by phosphorylating Ezrin at T567. Co-immunoprecipitation of MO25α–MST4, live-cell imaging of Golgi-to-apical translocation, kinase assay (T567 phosphorylation), MST4 inhibition loss-of-function, epistasis analysis Developmental cell High 19386264
2011 MO25α and MO25β bind directly to STE20-family kinases SPAK, OSR1, MST3, MST4, and YSK1 (beyond STRAD), inducing ~100-fold activation of SPAK/OSR1 and ~3–4-fold activation of MST3/MST4/YSK1; MO25-activated SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylate ion cotransporters NKCC1, NKCC2, and NCC at several sites; siRNA knockdown of MO25 in cells inhibits endogenous NKCC1 phosphorylation, rescued by re-expression of MO25α. In vitro kinase assays, binding interaction studies, siRNA knockdown with rescue, phospho-site identification by mass spectrometry The EMBO journal High 21423148
2013 Crystal structure of MST4 kinase domain in complex with MO25 shows that MO25 binding rotates the MST4 αC helix toward the catalytic core, stabilizing it in an active position; MST4 kinase domain forms a homodimer required for trans-autophosphorylation; interface mutations disrupting MST4-MO25 interaction or homodimerization impair kinase activation and function in HEK293T cells. X-ray crystallography, interface mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay, cell-based apoptosis assay Structure High 23434407
2013 Crystal structure of MST3 catalytic domain in complex with MO25β reveals that MO25β stabilizes MST3 in a closed, active conformation via an interface involving Tyr223 of MO25β and Glu58/Ile71 of MST3; mutation of these residues prevents MO25β-mediated MST3 activation; MO25 activates GCK kinases (MST3, MST4, STK25, OSR1, SPAK) through a unified structural mechanism. X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 23296203
2014 Structural studies of MO25 in complex with GCK kinases (MST3, MST4, STK25, OSR1, SPAK) reveal a unified activation mechanism: MO25 stabilizes the active αC helix and A-loop conformation of GCK kinases; activation of LKB1 involves an additional layer where MO25 first activates pseudokinase STRAD which then activates LKB1; structures of MO25α-STK25 and MO25α-MST3 represent transition and fully activated states respectively. X-ray crystallography of multiple MO25-kinase complexes, structural comparison Journal of structural biology High 24746913
2014 CAB39 (MO25/Cab39) differentially interacts with WNK4 and SPAK/OSR1 to enable a SPAK/OSR1-independent pathway: WNK4 in association with Cab39 can directly activate NKCC1; WNK4 possesses a PF2-like domain homologous to the SPAK/OSR1 CCT domain that mediates direct WNK4-NKCC1 interaction. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro kinase assay, protein binding/modeling, functional cotransporter assays in Xenopus oocytes The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 24811174
2013 Structure of zebrafish MO25 determined to 2.9 Å resolution reveals seven helical repeats with overall architecture very similar to human MO25, confirming structural conservation. X-ray crystallography, molecular replacement Acta crystallographica. Section F Medium 23989145
2005 Long-chain acyl-CoA esters (LCACEs) inhibit LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex activity toward AMPK (phosphorylation of Thr172) in a concentration-dependent, substrate-specific manner requiring both a long fatty chain and a CoA moiety, while not inhibiting LKB1/STRAD/MO25 activity toward the peptide substrate LKBtide. In vitro kinase assay with recombinant and purified liver LKB1/STRAD/MO25, substrate specificity controls American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism Medium 15644453
2006 3-Phosphoglycerate (3-PG) stimulates LKB1-STRAD-MO25 activity specifically toward AMPK (not toward the peptide substrate LKBtide), allowing increased AMPK phosphorylation; ADP inhibits both AMPK and LKB1-STRAD-MO25. In vitro kinase assay with purified LKB1-STRAD-MO25, metabolite panel screen American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism Medium 16985256
2024 In the kidney distal convoluted tubule, Cab39 (and its paralog Cab39l) is required for SPAK/OSR1 localization to the apical membrane with NCC; double knockout of both Cab39 isoforms causes SPAK and OSR1 to become confined to intracellular puncta, abolishes NCC phosphorylation, and produces a Gitelman syndrome-like phenotype with loss of NCC function. Tamoxifen-inducible NCC-specific and global Cab39/Cab39l knockout mice, western blot, immunofluorescence, electrolyte analysis Hypertension High 38258567
2026 In the absence of both Cab39 isoforms and KS-WNK1, phosphorylated SPAK still accumulates in cytoplasmic condensate puncta distinct from canonical WNK bodies; these puncta are p62-positive and ubiquitin-negative (sequestering, not degrading); their formation requires active upstream kinase phosphorylation. This demonstrates that Cab39 normally promotes SPAK translocation from condensates to the apical membrane for NCC phosphorylation. Triple-knockout mice (Cab39/Cab39l/KS-WNK1), immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, high/low K+ diet manipulation American journal of physiology. Renal physiology Medium 41903110
2018 C-terminal serine phosphorylation within the conserved WEWS motif of SPAK and OSR1 enhances their binding to MO25; this phosphorylation is carried out by WNK kinases in vitro and in cells; mutagenesis identified key MO25 residues required for binding and activation of SPAK and OSR1. In vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis, binding studies, cell-based phosphorylation assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 30060950
2022 Intracellular midkine (MDK) interacts with LKB1 and STRAD to disrupt the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex, thereby decreasing LKB1 activity and dampening basal and stress-induced (glucose starvation or 2-DG) AMPK activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, protein interaction mapping, AMPK activity assay, glucose starvation/2-DG stimulation Cell death & disease Medium 35487917
2011 miR-451 directly targets the CAB39 3'UTR (confirmed by luciferase reporter assay), reducing CAB39 protein expression and consequently suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway in glioma cells. 3'UTR luciferase reporter assay, western blot, miR-451 mimic transfection, subcutaneous xenograft International journal of oncology Medium 22179124
2023 CAB39 promotes cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer through the LKB1-AMPK-LC3 pathway: CAB39 knockdown sensitizes cisplatin-resistant cells; CAB39 overexpression has the opposite effect; downstream knockdown of LKB1 revealed LKB1 is required; the pathway enhances autophagy to maintain mitochondrial health and reduce ROS levels. Proteomic identification, CAB39 knockdown/overexpression, downstream gene knockdown epistasis (11 genes tested), in vivo xenograft, autophagy flux assay Free radical biology & medicine Medium 37726090
2018 In Drosophila Malpighian tubules, Mo25 enhances the activity of the WNK downstream kinase Fray (fly SPAK/OSR1 homolog) in vitro; Mo25 knockdown in the tubule decreases transepithelial ion flux under stimulated but not basal conditions; Mo25 and chloride cooperate: Mo25 overexpression with chloride-insensitive WNK increased ion flux, whereas overexpression with wild-type WNK did not. In vitro kinase assay (Drosophila Mo25 + Fray), transgenic Drosophila knockdown/overexpression, intracellular chloride sensor, transepithelial flux assay Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Medium 29602832
2016 In hypertensive rat brains following ischemic stroke, upregulated Cab39 is associated with increased NKCC1 phosphorylation through the WNK-Cab39-NKCC1 signaling axis, without increases in SPAK or OSR1. Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (WNK-NKCC1 complex), NKCC1 inhibitor (bumetanide) in vivo treatment Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Low 27798271
2024 STRAD-binding small molecule compounds can activate LKB1 kinase activity, demonstrating that the MO25-STRAD-LKB1 complex can be pharmacologically activated through STRAD; this produces target-dependent anti-cancer effects in cancer cell lines. Small molecule screen, LKB1 kinase activity assay, cancer cell line functional assay bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2024.12.17.628051
2022 miR-22 targets CAB39 in valvular interstitial cells; miR-22 overexpression reduces CAB39 expression, decreases catalytic activity of the CAB39-LKB1-STRAD complex, exacerbates changes in the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, and accelerates VIC calcification; miR-22 inhibition has the opposite effect. Adenovirus-mediated gain/loss of function, western blot, luciferase reporter (implied by target identification), calcium deposition assay, ALP activity Cellular and molecular life sciences Low 35190902
2020 CAB39 promotes GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake in a PI3K/AKT-pathway-dependent manner in lung cancer cells; this is regulated upstream by miR-451 which targets CAB39 mRNA. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry (GLUT1 membrane localization and glucose uptake), bidirectional genetic manipulation (overexpression/knockdown) of CAB39, miR-451 and PI3K/AKT pathway components Therapeutic advances in chronic disease Low 32994913

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 53 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRAD alpha/beta and MO25 alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade. Journal of biology 1343 14511394
2009 Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 285 19892943
2009 Mst4 and Ezrin induce brush borders downstream of the Lkb1/Strad/Mo25 polarization complex. Developmental cell 133 19386264
2004 Analysis of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex. Journal of cell science 129 15561763
2011 MicroRNA miR-451 downregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through CAB39 in human glioma. International journal of oncology 127 22179124
2011 MO25 is a master regulator of SPAK/OSR1 and MST3/MST4/YSK1 protein kinases. The EMBO journal 122 21423148
2005 Fission yeast MO25 protein is localized at SPB and septum and is essential for cell morphogenesis. The EMBO journal 63 16096637
2004 Crystal structure of MO25 alpha in complex with the C terminus of the pseudo kinase STE20-related adaptor. Nature structural & molecular biology 63 14730349
2012 Micro-RNA-195 and -451 regulate the LKB1/AMPK signaling axis by targeting MO25. PloS one 60 22844503
2018 MiRNA-451 Inhibits Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling Pathway by Targeting CAB39. Human gene therapy. Clinical development 53 30180756
2005 Long-chain acyl-CoA esters inhibit phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase at threonine-172 by LKB1/STRAD/MO25. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 52 15644453
2012 The NDR kinase scaffold HYM1/MO25 is essential for MAK2 map kinase signaling in Neurospora crassa. PLoS genetics 49 23028357
2021 Metformin-Induced MicroRNA-34a-3p Downregulation Alleviates Senescence in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Targeting CAB39 through the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Stem cells international 45 33505470
2008 Thyroid hormone effects on LKB1, MO25, phospho-AMPK, phospho-CREB, and PGC-1alpha in rat muscle. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 43 18669938
2018 Intracellular Chloride and Scaffold Protein Mo25 Cooperatively Regulate Transepithelial Ion Transport through WNK Signaling in the Malpighian Tubule. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 40 29602832
2017 MiR-451 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer through Targeting CAB39. BioMed research international 39 28197410
2013 Structure of the MST4 in complex with MO25 provides insights into its activation mechanism. Structure (London, England : 1993) 39 23434407
2022 Eucalyptol relieves imidacloprid-induced autophagy through the miR-451/Cab39/AMPK axis in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells†. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 35 35661494
2020 MicroRNA-31-5p Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inactivating Cab39/AMPKα Pathway. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 35 33101593
2014 A novel Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)-independent pathway involving calcium-binding protein 39 (Cab39) and serine threonine kinase with no lysine member 4 (WNK4) in the activation of Na-K-Cl cotransporters. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 24811174
2005 The fission yeast MO25 protein functions in polar growth and cell separation. European journal of cell biology 35 16325501
2016 WNK-Cab39-NKCC1 signaling increases the susceptibility to ischemic brain damage in hypertensive rats. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 26 27798271
1996 Molecular characterization of the Drosophila Mo25 gene, which is conserved among Drosophila, mouse, and yeast. DNA and cell biology 26 8672247
2022 Midkine noncanonically suppresses AMPK activation through disrupting the LKB1-STRAD-Mo25 complex. Cell death & disease 25 35487917
2020 miR-107 inhibition upregulates CAB39 and activates AMPK-Nrf2 signaling to protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury and cytotoxicity. Aging 25 32527986
2004 Endurance training increases LKB1 and MO25 protein but not AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity in skeletal muscle. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 25 15292028
2013 Structural insights into the activation of MST3 by MO25. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 23296203
2005 Evidence against regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and LKB1/STRAD/MO25 activity by creatine phosphate. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 21 16278246
2020 HPV16 E6/E7 promote the translocation and glucose uptake of GLUT1 by PI3K/AKT pathway via relieving miR-451 inhibitory effect on CAB39 in lung cancer cells. Therapeutic advances in chronic disease 20 32994913
2023 CAB39 promotes cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer via the LKB1-AMPK-LC3 pathway. Free radical biology & medicine 18 37726090
2019 Antagonism of miR-429 ameliorates anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes by enhancing MO25/LKB1/AMPK mediated autophagy. Life sciences 18 31494170
2022 MicroRNA-22 promoted osteogenic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells by inhibiting CAB39 expression during aortic valve calcification. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 17 35190902
2014 Structural insights into regulatory mechanisms of MO25-mediated kinase activation. Journal of structural biology 17 24746913
2007 The GC kinase Fray and Mo25 regulate Drosophila asymmetric divisions. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 18054329
2006 Effects of 3-phosphoglycerate and other metabolites on the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by LKB1-STRAD-MO25. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 16 16985256
2020 Circular RNA circGSK3B Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Sponging miR-1265 and Regulating CAB39 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 15 33262952
2013 Cell cycle regulated interaction of a yeast Hippo kinase and its activator MO25/Hym1. PloS one 15 24205201
2015 LKB1/Mo25/STRAD uniquely impacts sarcomeric contractile function and posttranslational modification. Biophysical journal 13 25809261
2024 Kinase Scaffold Cab39 Is Necessary for Phospho-Activation of the Thiazide-Sensitive NCC. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 12 38258567
2018 C-terminal phosphorylation of SPAK and OSR1 kinases promotes their binding and activation by the scaffolding protein MO25. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 30060950
2017 Towards the Development of Small-Molecule MO25 Binders as Potential Indirect SPAK/OSR1 Kinase Inhibitors. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 9 28004876
2018 Evolutionary history of Mo25 gene in plants, a component of RAM/MOR signaling network. Mechanisms of development 7 30208334
2023 MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-515-5p/CAB39 Axis Contributes to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. Molecular biotechnology 5 36867352
2023 MicroRNA-32-3p facilitates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting Cab39/AMPK. International immunopharmacology 5 37379707
2022 Long noncoding RNA TRG-AS1 protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a rat model by regulating miR-802-mediated CAB39/AMPK/SIRT-1/NF-κB axis. Human cell 5 35794445
2024 miR-451a was selectively sorted into exosomes and promoted the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CAB39. Cancer gene therapy 4 38649419
2020 CAB39 Promotes the Proliferation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-1 Cells via Up-Regulating p-JNK. Cancer management and research 4 33177871
2013 Structure of zebrafish MO25. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 4 23989145
2025 Roles of the MO25 protein Pmo25 in contractile-ring stability and localization of the NDR kinase Sid2 during cytokinesis. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2 40463288
2024 CAB39 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through NF-κB signaling activation, enhancing invasion, and metastasis in bladder cancer. Environmental toxicology 2 39171884
2021 Retracted: MiR-451 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer through Targeting CAB39. BioMed research international 1 33855067
2026 Deletion of Cab39 adaptors results in KS-WNK1 independent accumulation of SPAK in biomolecular condensates. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 0 41903110
2025 The MO25 protein Pmo25 functions in contractile ring stability and Sid2 localization during cytokinesis. iScience 0 41550769

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