Affinage

MMD

Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor · UniProt Q15546

Length
238 aa
Mass
27.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 9 papers cited in narrative 9 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MMD (PAQR11) is a Golgi-resident multi-pass scaffold protein that organizes Golgi architecture and assembles signaling and lipid-handling enzymes on Golgi membranes to control vesicular trafficking, Ras-ERK signaling, lipid metabolism, and macrophage biology (PMID:27869652, PMID:21968647). Downstream of the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1, which de-represses MMD by relieving microRNA-mediated silencing, MMD drives Golgi compaction and both anterograde and retrograde vesicle transport through its N-terminal scaffolding domain, and is required for tumor cell migration and metastasis in EMT-driven lung adenocarcinoma (PMID:27869652). At the Golgi, MMD anchors HRas, NRas and KRas4A (but not KRas4B) together with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1, which it binds via its C1 domain, thereby concentrating active Ras at the Golgi and sustaining EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation (PMID:21968647). MMD also functions as a lipid-channeling scaffold by physically bridging the sequential enzymes ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to direct arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol lipids, raising AA-containing phospholipid pools and sensitizing ovarian and renal carcinoma cells to ferroptosis (PMID:37691145). In immune and metabolic tissues, MMD is induced during inflammation and promotes monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and survival via MAPK signaling under C/EBPβ transcriptional control (PMID:33421113), while in white adipose tissue it restrains lipolysis by reducing PDE4D engagement with the SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex, limiting PDE4D ubiquitination and thereby dampening cAMP/PKA activity (PMID:33549845).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 2011 High

    Established MMD as a strictly Golgi-localized scaffold that spatially organizes Ras signaling, answering where and how it acts on a defined pathway.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, reciprocal Co-IP, OE/siRNA and ERK phosphorylation assays in cells including PC12 differentiation

    PMID:21968647

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of Ras and RasGRP1 binding to the C1 domain not resolved
    • Selectivity for KRas4A over KRas4B not mechanistically explained
  2. 2011 Medium

    Connected MMD to inflammatory macrophage output, showing its overexpression amplifies ERK/Akt-driven TNF-α and NO production.

    Evidence EGFP-MMD overexpression, co-localization imaging, pharmacological ERK/Akt inhibition, ELISA and Western blot in macrophages

    PMID:22203480

    Open questions at the time
    • No loss-of-function or KO validation
    • RBP-J/Notch transcriptional control inferred but not demonstrated
    • ER/mitochondria co-localization not reconciled with Golgi-resident model
  3. 2014 Medium

    Identified MMD as a miR-140-5p target whose upregulation supports lung cancer proliferation through ERK signaling.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown, in vitro/in vivo proliferation assays, ERK Western blot

    PMID:24971538

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking MMD to ERK in proliferation not dissected beyond pathway readout
    • Single-lab proliferation phenotype
  4. 2016 High

    Defined the EMT/ZEB1→MMD axis and the N-terminal scaffolding domain as the driver of Golgi compaction and trafficking required for metastasis, establishing MMD's core architectural function.

    Evidence shRNA/OE, pull-down domain mapping with Golgi-compaction and vesicle-transport regulators, Golgi imaging, miRNA reporter assays, in vivo metastasis models

    PMID:27869652

    Open questions at the time
    • Identities of the Golgi-compaction partners not individually defined
    • Direct vs. indirect nature of vesicle-transport associations unresolved
  5. 2021 High

    Genetic KO showed MMD is required for monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and survival via MAPK and C/EBPβ, with disease relevance in arthritis.

    Evidence Paqr11-/- mice, siRNA, differentiation/apoptosis assays, MAPK readouts, C/EBPβ reporter, collagen-induced arthritis model

    PMID:33421113

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between Golgi scaffolding and MAPK activation in monocytes not defined
    • C/EBPβ binding to the locus inferred from reporter only
  6. 2021 High

    KO revealed an adipose metabolic role: MMD restrains lipolysis by modulating PDE4D ubiquitination via the SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 complex, controlling cAMP/PKA.

    Evidence Paqr11 KO mice on high-fat diet, lipolysis assays, PDE4D-E3 ligase Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, cAMP/PKA measurement

    PMID:33549845

    Open questions at the time
    • How MMD physically alters PDE4D–E3 ligase engagement not structurally defined
    • Whether this occurs at the Golgi unclear
  7. 2022 Medium

    Reinforced MMD as a miR-140-5p target controlling neuroinflammation, with extracellular-vesicle-delivered miR-140-5p suppressing microglial PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, EV co-culture, in vivo SAH rat model, immunofluorescence, cytokine ELISA

    PMID:36336031

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanistic role of MMD protein in microglia not tested by loss-of-function
    • Single-lab model
  8. 2023 High

    Defined a lipid-channeling function: MMD bridges ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to route arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol, sensitizing cells to ferroptosis.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, siRNA/CRISPR loss-of-function, lipidomics quantifying AA-PI, ferroptosis cell-death assays in ovarian and renal carcinoma cells

    PMID:37691145

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ACSL4/MBOAT7 bridging requires the same domain as Golgi compaction not tested
    • In vivo ferroptosis relevance not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single Golgi scaffold coordinates its diverse outputs—Golgi compaction, Ras-ERK signaling, lipid channeling, ubiquitination control, and immune differentiation—through distinct or shared interaction surfaces remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of MMD or its interaction interfaces
  • Unclear whether the same domains mediate Ras, RasGRP1, ACSL4/MBOAT7, and PDE4D-pathway interactions
  • Tissue-specific determinants of which function predominates not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1
Partners
ACSL4HRASKRASMBOAT7NRASPDE4DRASGRP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 9 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 stimulates expression of the Golgi scaffolding protein PAQR11 (MMD) by relieving microRNA-mediated repression. PAQR11 depletion disperses Golgi organelles and impairs anterograde vesicle transport to the plasma membrane as well as retrograde vesicle tethering to the Golgi. The N-terminal scaffolding domain of PAQR11 associates with key regulators of Golgi compaction and vesicle transport in pull-down assays and is required to reconstitute Golgi compaction in PAQR11-deficient tumor cells. PAQR11 is essential for tumor cell migration and metastasis in EMT-driven lung adenocarcinoma models. shRNA knockdown, ectopic overexpression, pull-down assays, Golgi morphology imaging, in vivo metastasis models, miRNA-target reporter assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 27869652
2011 PAQR10 and PAQR11 (MMD) are exclusively localized to the Golgi apparatus. Overexpression of PAQR11 stimulates basal and EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation, elevates Golgi localization of HRas, NRas and KRas4A (but not KRas4B), and interacts with these Ras isoforms. PAQR11 also interacts with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1 via its C1 domain and increases RasGRP1 Golgi localization, thereby promoting active Ras accumulation at the Golgi and downstream ERK signaling. Knockdown of PAQR11 reduces EGF-stimulated ERK phosphorylation and Ras activation at the Golgi. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence localization, co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression and siRNA knockdown, ERK phosphorylation assays, RasGRP1 C1-domain pulldown, PC12 differentiation assay Cell research High 21968647
2011 MMD (PAQR11) overexpression in macrophages enhances LPS-stimulated ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, leading to increased TNF-α and NO production. Pharmacological blockade of ERK or Akt reduces TNF-α or NO production respectively in MMD-overexpressing macrophages. EGFP-MMD fusion protein co-localizes to endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus but not lysosomes or cytoplasm. MMD expression is upregulated by LPS stimulation and may be transcriptionally regulated by RBP-J (Notch signaling). Overexpression with EGFP fusion, immunofluorescence co-localization, pharmacological inhibition of ERK/Akt, ELISA for TNF-α and NO production, Western blot for phosphorylation Molecular biology reports Medium 22203480
2014 MMD protein level is increased in lung cancer cells, and knockdown of MMD inhibits proliferation of A549 and Lewis lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MMD is a direct functional target of miR-140-5p. The miR-140-5p/MMD axis affects lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating ERK signaling. siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay (miR-140-5p target validation), in vitro and in vivo proliferation assays, Western blot for ERK signaling Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 24971538
2023 MMD is a Golgi-resident scaffold protein that physically interacts with both ACSL4 and MBOAT7, two enzymes catalyzing sequential steps to incorporate arachidonic acid (AA) into phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. MMD increases flux of AA into PI, resulting in elevated cellular AA-PI and other AA-containing phospholipid species, thereby promoting susceptibility to ferroptosis in ovarian and renal carcinoma cells in an ACSL4- and MBOAT7-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation (physical interaction with ACSL4 and MBOAT7), siRNA/CRISPR knockdown/knockout, lipidomics (AA-PI quantification), ferroptosis cell death assays Cell reports High 37691145
2021 PAQR11 (MMD) promotes monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown or deletion of Paqr11 inhibits monocyte differentiation and increases apoptosis. MAPK signalling pathway activation is involved in the regulatory role of PAQR11 on monocyte differentiation and cell survival. C/EBPβ regulates Paqr11 expression at the transcriptional level. In mice, Paqr11 gene deletion alleviates progression of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. siRNA knockdown, genetic knockout (Paqr11-/- mice), differentiation assays, apoptosis measurement, MAPK pathway activation assays, C/EBPβ transcriptional reporter, collagen-induced arthritis model Immunology High 33421113
2021 PAQR11 (MMD) regulates starvation-mediated lipolysis in white adipose tissue. Paqr11-deleted mice resist high-fat diet-induced obesity with increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and elevated serum glycerol and free fatty acids. Mechanistically, PAQR11 decreases the interaction of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) with the SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex, thus modulating PDE4D polyubiquitination and degradation; loss of PAQR11 elevates cAMP and PKA activity. Paqr11 knockout mice, high-fat diet model, lipolysis assays (glycerol, free fatty acids), Co-IP of PDE4D with E3 ligase complex, ubiquitination assay, cAMP and PKA activity measurement Molecular metabolism High 33549845
2022 Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-140-5p attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced microglial activation and inflammatory response. Luciferase assay confirmed MMD as a direct target of miR-140-5p. Microglia-EV-delivered miR-140-5p reduces MMD expression, thereby blocking PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling in recipient microglia. Luciferase reporter assay (miR-140-5p/MMD 3'UTR), co-culture experiments with extracellular vesicles, in vivo SAH rat model, immunofluorescence, ELISA for inflammatory cytokines Experimental neurology Medium 36336031
2018 Mmd-2 (a paralogue/family member noted in abstract) expression is upregulated by tamoxifen treatment and correlates with protection against GalN/LPS-induced acute hepatic failure; hepatic Mmd-2 expression is downregulated in the disease model. NOTE: this paper describes Mmd-2, not MMD/PAQR11 directly; mechanistic attribution to canonical MMD is uncertain. Tamoxifen and NAC treatment in murine ALF model, hepatic Mmd-2 expression measurement, serum transaminase and antioxidant enzyme assays Immunological investigations Low 29775111

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) is more toxic than arsenite in Chang human hepatocytes. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 498 10698679
2001 Human monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) reductase is a member of the glutathione-S-transferase superfamily. Chemical research in toxicology 181 11511179
1999 Enzymatic reduction of arsenic compounds in mammalian systems: the rate-limiting enzyme of rabbit liver arsenic biotransformation is MMA(V) reductase. Chemical research in toxicology 100 10604879
2016 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives a pro-metastatic Golgi compaction process through scaffolding protein PAQR11. The Journal of clinical investigation 91 27869652
2003 Polymorphisms in the human monomethylarsonic acid (MMA V) reductase/hGSTO1 gene and changes in urinary arsenic profiles. Chemical research in toxicology 86 14680363
1999 Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. VII. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) is the substrate for MMA methyltransferase of rabbit liver and human hepatocytes. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 82 10387927
2003 Pattern of excretion of arsenic compounds [arsenite, arsenate, MMA(V), DMA(V)] in urine of children compared to adults from an arsenic exposed area in Bangladesh. Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering 79 12635821
2009 Genetic and cellular studies of oxidative stress in methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) cobalamin deficiency type C (cblC) with homocystinuria (MMACHC). Human mutation 78 19760748
2006 Glutathione-S-transferase-omega [MMA(V) reductase] knockout mice: enzyme and arsenic species concentrations in tissues after arsenate administration. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 72 16930657
2011 Mitochondria are the main target organelle for trivalent monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III))-induced cytotoxicity. Chemical research in toxicology 70 21648415
1990 Microencapsulation of mammalian cells in a HEMA-MMA copolymer: effects on capsule morphology and permeability. Journal of biomedical materials research 70 2211747
2021 Oriented nanofibrous P(MMD-co-LA)/Deferoxamine nerve scaffold facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating macrophage phenotype and revascularization. Biomaterials 68 34894585
2012 Mutations in MYH7 cause Multi-minicore Disease (MmD) with variable cardiac involvement. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 62 22784669
2014 Monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD) targeted by miR-140-5p regulates tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 24971538
2023 MMD collaborates with ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to promote polyunsaturated phosphatidylinositol remodeling and susceptibility to ferroptosis. Cell reports 47 37691145
2001 Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of As, MMA, and DMA on leukocytes and stimulated human lymphocytes. Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis 45 11406831
2011 PAQR10 and PAQR11 mediate Ras signaling in the Golgi apparatus. Cell research 42 21968647
2011 Effect of post-polymerization heat-treatments on degree of conversion, leaching residual MMA and in vitro cytotoxicity of autopolymerizing acrylic repair resin. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials 39 21920593
2011 Monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD) positively regulates ERK and Akt activation and TNF-α and NO production in macrophages. Molecular biology reports 37 22203480
2015 Biocompatibility of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin used as a dental luting agent. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 34 25882972
2000 Cytotoxicity of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and related compounds and their interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as a model for biomembranes. Oral diseases 34 10918558
2014 Proliferation and migration of human vascular endothelial cells mediated by ZNF580 gene complexed with mPEG-b-P(MMD-co-GA)-g-PEI microparticles. Journal of materials chemistry. B 33 32261519
1998 Immunoblot analysis of proteins associated with HEMA-MMA microcapsules: human serum proteins in vitro and rat proteins following implantation. Biomaterials 33 9663761
2013 High viral load and elevated angiogenic markers associated with increased risk of preeclampsia among women initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy in the Mma Bana study, Botswana. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 30 23344545
2016 The proteome of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA): the elucidation of altered pathways in patient livers. Molecular bioSystems 29 26672496
2008 Reactive oxygen species-dependent HSP90 protein cleavage participates in arsenical As(+3)- and MMA(+3)-induced apoptosis through inhibition of telomerase activity via JNK activation. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 29 18336854
2023 Whole-genome sequencing of Alcaligenes sp. strain MMA: insight into the antibiotic and heavy metal resistant genes. Frontiers in pharmacology 28 37251338
1992 Morphological assessment of hepatoma cells (HepG2) microencapsulated in a HEMA-MMA copolymer with and without Matrigel. Journal of biomedical materials research 28 1332972
2019 Decreased plasma l-arginine levels in organic acidurias (MMA and PA) and decreased plasma branched-chain amino acid levels in urea cycle disorders as a potential cause of growth retardation: Options for treatment. Molecular genetics and metabolism 27 30827756
2002 Expression profiling of MMA-1a and splice variant MMA-1b: new cancer/testis antigens identified in human melanoma. International journal of cancer 27 11920614
2011 Interleukin-8 (IL-8) over-production and autocrine cell activation are key factors in monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)]-induced malignant transformation of urothelial cells. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 26 22015448
2015 Modes and nodes explain the mechanism of action of vortioxetine, a multimodal agent (MMA): blocking 5HT3 receptors enhances release of serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine. CNS spectrums 25 26122791
2012 Pre-clinical efficacy and dosing of an AAV8 vector expressing human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in a murine model of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). Molecular genetics and metabolism 25 23046887
2004 Cytotoxicities of a 4-META/MMA-TBBO resin against human pulp fibroblasts. Dental materials journal 25 15287554
2002 MMA/MPEOMA/VSA copolymer as a novel blood-compatible material: effect of PEO and negatively charged side chains on protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. Journal of biomedical materials research 24 11835158
2008 PEGMA/MMA copolymer graftings: generation, protein resistance, and a hydrophobic domain. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 23 18605707
2000 Immunohistochemical study of dental pulp applied with 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive resin after pulpotomy. Journal of biomedical materials research 23 10825224
2000 PolyHEMA and polyHEMA-poly(MMA-co-AA) as substrates for culturing Vero cells. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 23 15348383
2020 Novel Osteogenic Behaviors around Hydrophilic and Radical-Free 4-META/MMA-TBB: Implications of an Osseointegrating Bone Cement. International journal of molecular sciences 22 32244335
2022 MMD-associated RNF213 SNPs encode dominant-negative alleles that globally impair ubiquitylation. Life science alliance 21 35135845
2021 PAQR11 modulates monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 21 33421113
2016 Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization. Carbohydrate polymers 21 27561529
2000 Viability of HEMA-MMA microencapsulated model hepatoma cells in rats and the host response. Tissue engineering 21 10941211
2021 Development of a novel direct dental pulp-capping material using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin with nano hydroxyapatite. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications 20 34702511
2020 The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement. International journal of molecular sciences 19 32512780
2015 Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA+3) Inhibits IL-7 Signaling in Mouse Pre-B Cells. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 19 26518055
2008 Arsenite and its metabolites, MMA(III) and DMA(III), modify CYP3A4, PXR and RXR alpha expression in the small intestine of CYP3A4 transgenic mice. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 18 19084030
2007 Characteristics of DEAE-dextran-MMA graft copolymer as a nonviral gene carrier. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 18 17765639
1992 Metabolic activity of CHO fibroblasts in HEMA-MMA microcapsules. Biotechnology and bioengineering 18 18600997
2021 Plasma 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) are markers of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in male Wistar rats. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 17 33454435
2017 Aminoguanidine alleviated MMA-induced impairment of cognitive ability in rats by downregulating oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Neurotoxicology 17 28223158
2017 Genotoxicity induced by monomethylarsonous acid (MMA+3) in mouse thymic developing T cells. Toxicology letters 17 28760575
2008 Exposure to monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) leads to altered selenoprotein synthesis in a primary human lung cell model. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 17 19095002
2005 The properties of covalently immobilized trypsin on soap-free P(MMA-EA-AA) latex particles. Macromolecular bioscience 17 15818587
2001 The in vitro and in vivo influence of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin components on dental pulp tissues. Advances in dental research 17 12640752
2000 Microencapsulation of normal and transfected L929 fibroblasts in a HEMA-MMA copolymer. Tissue engineering 16 10941209
1993 Metabolic activity and proliferation of CHO cells in hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate (HEMA-MMA) microcapsules. Cell transplantation 16 8143082
2021 Omics data integration identifies ELOVL7 and MMD gene regions as novel loci for adalimumab response in patients with Crohn's disease. Scientific reports 15 33750834
2016 Folate and MMA predict cognitive impairment in elderly stroke survivors: A cross sectional study. Psychiatry research 15 27367490
2013 Inhibition of monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III))-induced cell malignant transformation through restoring dysregulated histone acetylation. Toxicology 15 23891734
2024 Improved therapeutic efficacy in two mouse models of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) using a second-generation mRNA therapy. Molecular genetics and metabolism 14 39121792
2009 The morphological and biomechanical changes of keratocytes cultured on modified p (HEMA-MMA) hydrogel studied by AFM. Scanning 14 20187087
2008 Effect of the dental adhesive, 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, on adhesion and keratinization of regenerating oral epithelium. Journal of periodontal research 14 19178645
2021 Adipose tissue lipolysis is regulated by PAQR11 via altering protein stability of phosphodiesterase 4D. Molecular metabolism 13 33549845
2021 Association between Polymorphism rs1799732 of DRD2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Personality Traits among MMA Athletes. Genes 13 34440391
2019 Evaluation of long-term effectiveness of the use of carglumic acid in patients with propionic acidemia (PA) or methylmalonic acidemia (MMA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC pediatrics 13 31196016
2011 Potentiation of vasoconstriction and pressor response by low concentration of monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)). Toxicology letters 13 21708234
2007 MMA monoclonal antibody is a superior anti-CD15 reagent for the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma? Haematologica 13 17488702
2007 Vascularization and improved in vivo survival of VEGF-secreting cells microencapsulated in HEMA-MMA. Tissue engineering 13 17523877
2022 MicroRNA-140-5p shuttled by microglia-derived extracellular vesicles attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced microglia activation and inflammatory response via MMD downregulation. Experimental neurology 12 36336031
2016 Biochemical Differences Between Official and Simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Matches. Asian journal of sports medicine 12 27625756
2004 Mutation analysis of the MCM gene in Korean patients with MMA. Molecular genetics and metabolism 12 15781199
1990 The permeability of EUDRAGIT RL and HEMA-MMA microcapsules to glucose and inulin. Biotechnology and bioengineering 12 18597256
1985 Induction of differentiation of cultured mouse monocytic leukemia cells (Mm-A) by inducers different from those of parent myeloblastic leukemia cells (M1). Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 12 3936826
2009 IL-10 secretion increases signal persistence of HEMA-MMA-microencapsulated luciferase-modified CHO fibroblasts in mice. Tissue engineering. Part A 11 18710337
2009 Increased MMA concentration and body mass index are associated with spontaneous abortion in Brazilian women: a pilot study. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 11 20036223
1997 Selected aspects of the microencapsulation of mammalian cells in HEMA-MMA. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 11 9616718
2022 Enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration by relieving iron-overloading and organelle stress with the nanofibrous P(MMD-co-LA)/DFO conduits. Materials today. Bio 10 36042854
2017 Antibodies against the mono-methylated arginine-glycine repeat (MMA-RG) of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) identify potential cellular proteins targeted in viral transformation. The Journal of general virology 10 28758620
2009 Mechanism of introduction of exogenous genes into cultured cells using DEAE-dextran-MMA graft copolymer as non-viral gene carrier. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 10 19633632
2006 Effects of exposure to 4-META/MMA-TBB resin on pulp cell viability. Journal of medical and dental sciences 10 16913574
2020 Potential application in amoxicillin removal of Alcaligenes sp. MMA and enzymatic studies through molecular docking. Archives of microbiology 9 32219483
2014 Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl-dextran-MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme. Beilstein journal of nanotechnology 9 25551057
2010 Immobilization of type-I collagen and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) onto poly (HEMA-co-MMA) hydrogel surface and its cytotoxicity study. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 9 20502949
2017 TAT-MTS-MCM fusion proteins reduce MMA levels and improve mitochondrial activity and liver function in MCM-deficient cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 8 29265583
2000 Hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate (HEMA-MMA) copolymers for cell microencapsulation: effect of HEMA purity. Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition 8 10896046
2018 Polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene in male subjects with antisocial behavior and MMA fighters. Translational psychiatry 7 30442883
2024 Poly(HEMA-co-MMA) Hydrogel Scaffold for Tissue Engineering with Controllable Morphology and Mechanical Properties Through Self-Assembly. Polymers 6 39518224
2017 Metabolomic Modularity Analysis (MMA) to Quantify Human Liver Perfusion Dynamics. Metabolites 6 29137180
2003 C-reactive protein in monitoring and evaluation of effects of therapy of the MMA syndrome of sows. Polish journal of veterinary sciences 6 14703866
1999 MMA/MPEOMA copolymers as coating materials for improved blood compatibility: protein adsorption study. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 6 15347977
2025 Topological optimization method "MMA-BP" for photoacoustic resonator and implementations in ppt-level gas sensor using miniaturized vase-type photoacoustic cells. Photoacoustics 5 40995383
2023 Transplantation in paediatric patients with MMA requires multidisciplinary approach for achievement of good clinical outcomes. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 5 36840752
2020 Metabolic Adjustments by LncRNAs in Peripheral Neutrophils Partly Account for the Complete Compensation of Asymptomatic MMD Patients. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets 5 32552656
2018 Tamoxifen Prevents D-galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Acute Hepatic Failure through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Mmd-2 Upregulation. Immunological investigations 5 29775111
2016 Effects of 4-META/MMA-TBB Resin at Different Curing Stages on Osteoblasts and Gingival Epithelial Cells. The journal of adhesive dentistry 5 27022642
2015 Medicinal facilities to B16F10 melanoma cells for distant metastasis control with a supramolecular complex by DEAE-dextran-MMA copolymer/paclitaxel. Drug delivery and translational research 5 25787338
1999 Influences of 4-meta/MMA-TBB adhesive resin on osteodentinogenesis of transplanted rabbit dental pulp in vivo: immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic studies. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 5 10825813
1993 Towards the preparation of a MMA-PEO block copolymer for the microencapsulation of mammalian cells. Biomaterials 5 8218725
2023 Identifying and predicting the pathogenic effects of a novel variant inducing severe early onset MMA: a bioinformatics approach. Hereditas 4 37248539

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