| 1993 |
ERGIC-53 is a type I membrane protein of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment whose short cytoplasmic tail contains a dilysine (KKXX) motif that functions as an ER retention/retrieval signal, as demonstrated by cDNA cloning and expression in Vero cells. |
cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, heterologous expression with immunofluorescence localization |
European journal of cell biology |
High |
8223692
|
| 1994 |
The COOH-terminal dilysine motif of ERGIC-53 mediates both pre-Golgi retention and, when ERGIC-53 reaches the cell surface upon overexpression, lysine-dependent endocytosis; replacing the two critical lysines with serines disrupts both retention and endocytosis. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, overexpression in COS cells, cell-surface assay, endocytosis assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
8119975
|
| 1995 |
The cytoplasmic domain of ERGIC-53 is required and sufficient for pre-medial-Golgi localization, containing a COOH-terminal dilysine ER-retrieval signal (KKFF) and an adjacent RSQQE targeting determinant; the two C-terminal phenylalanines modulate both signals and are required for full recycling through the ER-ERGIC-cis-Golgi pathway. |
Domain-swap experiments with CD4 reporter, N-glycosylation/endoglycosidase H resistance assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, site-directed mutagenesis |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
7559786
|
| 1995 |
ERGIC-53 is identical to the intracellular mannose-specific lectin MR60 isolated from myelomonocytic cells; sequence homology to leguminous lectins and galectins was established. |
cDNA cloning, peptide sequence matching, sequence homology analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
7876089
|
| 1996 |
ERGIC-53 is a functional mannose-selective, calcium-dependent lectin. Overexpressed ERGIC-53 binds mannose columns in a calcium-dependent manner; substitution of a conserved asparagine in the putative carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), or a second CRD-site residue, abolishes mannose binding and co-staining with mannosylated neoglycoprotein. |
Mannose-affinity chromatography of overexpressed protein, morphological binding assay with mannosylated neoglycoprotein, site-directed mutagenesis |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
8868475
|
| 1997 |
ERGIC-53 carries a C-terminal cytoplasmic phenylalanine-dependent ER-exit determinant that interacts directly with the COPII coat component Sec23p; the two terminal phenylalanines are essential for ER exit and for this interaction. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro peptide binding assay with Sec23p, subcellular trafficking assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9395526
|
| 1998 |
ERGIC-53 cycles continuously through ER, ERGIC, and cis-Golgi; the major retrograde recycling pathway of ERGIC-53 bypasses the Golgi apparatus, returning directly from ERGIC to ER, as shown by temperature-shift experiments and immunogold electron microscopy. |
Temperature-shift experiments, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunogold electron microscopy, density-gradient centrifugation in HepG2 cells |
Journal of cell science |
High |
9788882
|
| 1998 |
Mistargeting ERGIC-53 to the ER (by a retention mutant that sequesters endogenous ERGIC-53) specifically impairs secretion of cathepsin C precursor while leaving other lysosomal enzymes and membrane glycoproteins unaffected, establishing that ERGIC-53 recycling is required for efficient transport of a selective subset of glycoproteins. |
Tetracycline-inducible expression of ER-retention mutant in HeLa cells, metabolic labeling, immunoprecipitation of secreted glycoproteins |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
9679138
|
| 1998 |
Mutations in ERGIC-53 (null mutations) cause combined deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIII, identifying ERGIC-53 as an ER-to-Golgi molecular chaperone/transport receptor required for secretion of FV and FVIII. |
Positional cloning, DNA sequence analysis, immunofluorescence and Western blot of patient lymphocytes |
Cell |
High |
9546392
|
| 1999 |
ERGIC-53 functions as a cargo transport receptor for glycoproteins: it binds a cathepsin-Z-related glycoprotein in the ER in a carbohydrate- and calcium-dependent manner, and cargo dissociation occurs in the ERGIC. Binding does not require ERGIC-53 oligomerization, but oligomerization is required for ER exit of ERGIC-53 itself. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, calcium-depletion and glycan-modification experiments, temperature-block assays, mislocalization studies |
Nature cell biology |
High |
10559958
|
| 1999 |
The sugar-binding ability of ERGIC-53 (MR60) requires a dimeric state: a truncated protein retaining Cys466 (but not Cys475) forms dimers and binds mannosides, whereas a shorter construct lacking both cysteines neither dimerizes nor binds mannose. |
Expression of recombinant truncated proteins, mannose-column binding, immunoprecipitation/SDS-PAGE oligomerization analysis |
Glycobiology |
Medium |
10521535
|
| 2002 |
Crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of rat p58/ERGIC-53 determined to 1.46 Å resolution (calcium-free form); the fold resembles leguminous lectins with a beta-sandwich and a negatively charged ligand-binding cleft; a conserved surface patch on the opposite face is implicated in protein-protein interactions and oligomerization. |
X-ray crystallography at 1.46 Å resolution |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11850423
|
| 2003 |
ER export of ERGIC-53 requires three cooperating determinants: (1) a C-terminal phenylalanine motif for COPII interaction, assisted by a cytoplasmic glutamine; (2) disulfide-bond-stabilized hexamerization dependent on polar and aromatic residues in the transmembrane domain; (3) optimal transmembrane domain length of 21 amino acids. Together these reconstitute full transport activity. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, endoglycosidase H resistance assay, immunofluorescence, reconstitution with signal-less construct |
Journal of cell science |
High |
13130098
|
| 2003 |
Crystal structure of the CRD of p58/ERGIC-53 in the calcium-bound form reveals two calcium-binding sites 6 Å apart (one novel, one homologous to plant lectins), large conformational changes in the ligand-binding site upon calcium binding, and absence of the short loop present in plant lectins, consistent with preference for Man8GlcNAc2 glycans at ER exit. |
X-ray crystallography (calcium-bound form) |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
14643651
|
| 2003 |
LMAN1 interacts with coagulation factor VIII in vivo via co-immunoprecipitation; the interaction is mediated by both high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides in the B domain of FVIII and protein-protein contacts. |
Co-immunoprecipitation from transfected HeLa and COS-1 cells, glycosylation modification experiments |
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH |
Medium |
14629470
|
| 2004 |
pH-induced conversion of ERGIC-53 triggers glycoprotein cargo release: ERGIC-53 binds mannose efficiently at pH 7.4 (ER pH) but not at slightly lower pH (ERGIC pH); a conserved histidine in the CRD center is required for lectin activity and acts as a molecular pH/Ca2+ sensor. Organelle neutralization impairs cargo dissociation in the ERGIC. |
In vitro mannose-binding assay at varying pH and Ca2+ concentrations, histidine mutagenesis, acidification of live cells, organelle pH neutralization, co-immunoprecipitation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
14718532
|
| 2005 |
LMAN1 and MCFD2 form a stoichiometric 1:1 complex in cells; MCFD2 is retained in the ER via its interaction with LMAN1. Both LMAN1 and MCFD2 interact specifically with factor VIII (primarily via the B domain) in a calcium-dependent, glycosylation-independent manner. MCFD2 can interact with FVIII independently of LMAN1-MCFD2 complex formation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, cross-linking-immunoprecipitation, stoichiometry analysis, Western blot, calcium chelation experiments |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
15886209
|
| 2005 |
ERGIC-53 forms exclusively hexameric complexes in cells, existing in two forms: covalent disulfide-linked and non-covalent SDS-sensitive hexamers assembled from three disulfide-linked dimers via coiled-coil interactions. Neither membrane-proximal cysteine is essential for hexamer formation or intracellular ERGIC distribution. |
Sucrose gradient sedimentation, chemical cross-linking, non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, subcellular fractionation, cysteine mutagenesis |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
16257008
|
| 2006 |
MCFD2 is required for the ERGIC-53-dependent ER export of coagulation factors V and VIII but is dispensable for ERGIC-53 binding to cathepsin Z and cathepsin C; in the absence of ERGIC-53, MCFD2 is secreted rather than retained in the ER, establishing ERGIC-53 as the membrane anchor of the complex. |
siRNA knockdown of ERGIC-53 and MCFD2, YFP fragment complementation assay in vivo, localization studies |
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) |
High |
17010120
|
| 2007 |
Frontal affinity chromatography shows ERGIC-53 binds high-mannose oligosaccharides with low affinity and broad specificity, not distinguishing between monoglucosylated and deglucosylated high-mannose N-glycans; single amino acid substitutions in the CRD can switch the sugar-binding properties. |
Frontal affinity chromatography with pyridylaminated sugar library, structure-based mutagenesis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18025080
|
| 2007 |
MCFD2 binding to ERGIC-53 is enhanced when MCFD2 is present; ERGIC-53 sugar binding is enhanced by its interaction with MCFD2 as shown by flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance; F5F8D patient MCFD2 missense mutations drastically reduce binding affinity to ERGIC-53; the interaction is Ca2+-dependent (weakened below 0.2 mM Ca2+). |
Flow cytometry with biotinylated soluble ERGIC-53, surface plasmon resonance, endo-H treatment |
Blood |
High |
18056485
|
| 2008 |
ERGIC-53 is an intracellular transport receptor for alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT): ERGIC-53 binds α1-AT in a carbohydrate- and conformation-dependent manner; ERGIC-53 knockdown and knockout cells show a specific secretion defect of α1-AT that is corrected by ERGIC-53 re-expression. |
YFP-based protein fragment complementation screening of cDNA library, siRNA knockdown, ERGIC-53 KO cell reconstitution, secretion assay |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
18283111
|
| 2008 |
SUMF1 interacts with ERGIC-53 in the early secretory pathway; ERGIC-53 favors SUMF1 export from the ER; silencing ERGIC-53 causes proteasomal degradation of SUMF1. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA silencing with SUMF1 trafficking and stability assays |
Human molecular genetics |
Medium |
18508857
|
| 2008 |
Surf4 interacts with ERGIC-53; co-silencing of Surf4 and ERGIC-53 (but not either alone) reduces the number of ERGIC clusters and fragments the Golgi, partially redistributing COPI but not Golgi matrix proteins, establishing that cargo receptors collectively maintain ERGIC and Golgi architecture by controlling COPI recruitment. |
siRNA knockdown (single and double), co-immunoprecipitation, live imaging of ERGIC stability, immunofluorescence for COPI and Golgi markers, BFA resistance assay |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
18287528
|
| 2009 |
The C-terminal EF-hand domains of MCFD2 are both necessary and sufficient for interaction with LMAN1; these same EF-hand domains also mediate interaction with FV and FVIII but via a site separable from the LMAN1-binding site; Ca2+-induced folding is important for LMAN1 interaction but not for FV/FVIII binding. |
MCFD2 deletion and missense mutant analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, circular dichroism spectroscopy |
Blood |
High |
20007547
|
| 2010 |
The LMAN1 CRD contains distinct, separable binding sites for MCFD2 (N-terminal beta sheet) and for FV/FVIII cargo (Ca2+- and sugar-binding sites); monomeric LMAN1 mutants are defective in ER exit and cannot interact with MCFD2, indicating oligomerization is necessary for cargo receptor function. |
Mutagenesis of LMAN1 CRD, co-immunoprecipitation, FVIII interaction assays, oligomerization analysis |
Blood |
High |
20817851
|
| 2010 |
Crystal structure of the LMAN1-CRD/MCFD2 complex reveals the protein-protein interaction interface; circular dichroism shows that most F5F8D missense mutations in MCFD2 cause global destabilization, while stable mutations map to the LMAN1-binding surface. |
X-ray crystallography of LMAN1-CRD/MCFD2 complex, circular dichroism of MCFD2 mutants |
FEBS letters |
High |
20138881
|
| 2011 |
LMAN1-deficient mice exhibit ~50% reductions in plasma FV and FVIII and platelet FV; ER in hepatocytes is slightly distended with accumulation of α1-antitrypsin and GRP78; no significant effect on cathepsin C or Z levels in liver or α1-antitrypsin in plasma under normal conditions. |
Lman1 knockout mouse analysis, plasma coagulation factor assays, liver histology and EM, protein level analysis by Western blot |
Blood |
High |
21795745
|
| 2012 |
UBXD1 interacts with ERGIC-53 via the N-terminal 10 residues of UBXD1 and the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of ERGIC-53; this interaction requires p97 ATPase activity but not ubiquitin modification; UBXD1 modulates subcellular trafficking of ERGIC-53 including promoting its movement to the cell membrane. |
LC-MS/MS interactome, co-immunoprecipitation, SILAC proteomic profiling, localization studies, p97/E1 inhibitor experiments |
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP |
Medium |
22337587
|
| 2012 |
Under ER stress, ERGIC-53 redistributes from broad ER/Golgi distribution to compact Golgi localization; this redistribution is abrogated by co-expression of VIPL; ERGIC-53 co-precipitates with VIPL but not VIP36, indicating VIPL interaction regulates ERGIC-53 localization. |
Monoclonal antibody generation, immunostaining, flow cytometry, co-immunoprecipitation, UPR induction with tunicamycin |
Glycobiology |
Medium |
22821029
|
| 2013 |
Crystal structure of ERGIC-53-CRD complexed with MCFD2 and α1,2-mannotriose reveals that ERGIC-53 can bind the D1 trimannosyl arm in two alternative modes; a single Asp-to-Gly substitution creates a shallower sugar-binding pocket compared to VIP36, enabling ERGIC-53 to accommodate terminal glucose residues. |
X-ray crystallography of ternary complex (ERGIC-53-CRD/MCFD2/mannotriose) |
PloS one |
High |
24498414
|
| 2013 |
Crystal structures of LMAN1-CRD bound to Man-α-1,2-Man define the central mannose-binding site; mutagenesis identifies His178 and Gly251/252 as critical for FV/FVIII binding; mannobiose binding is relatively pH-independent but sensitive to lowered Ca2+ concentrations, suggesting Ca2+ regulates cargo release. |
X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays, pH and Ca2+ titration |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23709226
|
| 2013 |
ERGIC-53 is required for production of infectious arenavirus, coronavirus, and filovirus particles; ERGIC-53 associates with viral glycoproteins through a lectin-independent mechanism, traffics to budding sites, and is incorporated into virions; in its absence, GP-containing virus particles form but are non-infectious due to impaired host-cell attachment. |
siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell imaging, viral infectivity and particle formation assays |
Cell host & microbe |
High |
24237698
|
| 2013 |
Mac-2BP (Mac-2 binding protein) is a novel ERGIC-53 cargo glycoprotein; interaction requires high-mannose-type N-glycan binding by ERGIC-53; ERGIC-53 ER-mistargeting mutant blocks Mac-2BP transport; MCFD2 is also involved in Mac-2BP secretion. |
GFP fragment complementation cDNA library screen, N-glycan-binding-deficient mutant (N156A), ER-mistargeting mutant (KKAA), glycosylation inhibitors, co-immunoprecipitation |
Glycobiology |
Medium |
23550150
|
| 2015 |
LMAN1 interacts with N-glycosylated MMP-9 in the ER and is required for efficient MMP-9 secretion; N-glycosylation-deficient MMP-9 is secretion-compromised; LMAN1 knockout cells show reduced MMP-9 secretion. |
Protein fragment complementation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, LMAN1 KO cell secretion assay |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
26150355
|
| 2018 |
MCFD2-deficient mice have lower plasma FV and FVIII than LMAN1-deficient mice; doubly deficient mice match LMAN1-deficient levels, suggesting an alternative FVIII secretion pathway exists. Both LMAN1 and MCFD2 deficiency cause decreased plasma α1-antitrypsin in male mice and comparable ER accumulation of AAT in hepatocytes. |
Mouse gene targeting (MCFD2 KO), plasma coagulation factor assays, comparison of singly and doubly deficient mice, hepatocyte ER analysis |
Blood advances |
High |
29735583
|
| 2019 |
LMAN1 promotes surface trafficking of GABAAR β3 subunits in mouse hypothalamic neurons; LMAN1 KO mice show decreased total protein levels of 5HT3A receptors and GABAAR γ2 subunits; LMAN1 interacts with GABAARs in a glycan-independent manner; LMAN1 KO upregulates ERp44 without changing calnexin. |
siRNA knockdown, Western blot of brain homogenates from LMAN1 KO mice, surface trafficking assay, co-immunoprecipitation with glycan-independence test |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
30791981
|
| 2020 |
HBV exploits ERGIC-53 for viral particle propagation; ERGIC-53 interacts with the N146-glycan of the HBV envelope in a productive, lectin-dependent manner; ERGIC-53 silencing blocks infectious viral particle exit but not subviral particle exit; ERGIC-53 acts after nucleocapsid envelopment in conjunction with ESCRT components. |
siRNA silencing, molecular interaction studies, cell imaging in HBV-expressing liver cells, particle infectivity assays |
Cells |
Medium |
32806600
|
| 2020 |
Multiple crystal forms of the ERGIC-53-CRD/MCFD2 complex at up to 1.60 Å resolution reveal that MCFD2 (but not ERGIC-53-CRD) exhibits significant conformational plasticity potentially enabling accommodation of diverse polypeptide cargo ligands. |
X-ray crystallography (multiple crystal forms, 1.60 Å best resolution) |
Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications |
High |
32356523
|
| 2021 |
ERp44 binds ERGIC-53 in the ER to negotiate preferential loading into COPII vesicles; silencing ERGIC-53 causes secretion of Prdx4 (an ERp44-retained client), establishing that ERGIC-53 couples transport of cargo and quality-control inspector proteins. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ERGIC-53 siRNA silencing with Prdx4 secretion readout, 4-phenylbutyrate COPII competition |
iScience |
Medium |
33763635
|
| 2022 |
The LMAN1-MCFD2 complex is a cargo receptor for AAT ER-to-Golgi transport: LMAN1 and MCFD2 KO HepG2 and HEK293T cells show reduced AAT secretion and elevated intracellular AAT due to delayed ER-to-Golgi transport; rescue requires wild-type but not mutant proteins; elimination of the second glycosylation site of AAT abolishes LMAN1-dependent secretion; AAT interaction with LMAN1 is independent of MCFD2. |
CRISPR KO of LMAN1 and MCFD2, secretion assays, intracellular AAT quantification, rescue with wild-type and mutant proteins, glycosylation site mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
35322856
|
| 2023 |
LMAN1 carbohydrate binding is not essential for FV/FVIII transport; overexpression of MCFD2 alone (wild-type or mutant) rescues FV/FVIII secretion in LMAN1-deficient cells, suggesting MCFD2 performs cargo binding/transport and LMAN1 primarily functions as a transmembrane shuttling carrier for MCFD2. |
Multiple LMAN1/MCFD2 KO cell lines, FV/FVIII secretion assays, carbohydrate-binding mutant rescue, MCFD2 overexpression rescue |
Blood advances |
Medium |
36490287
|
| 2023 |
LMAN1 directly binds house dust mite (HDM) allergens on the surface of dendritic cells and airway epithelial cells; LMAN1 overexpression downregulates NF-κB signaling in response to HDM or inflammatory cytokines; HDM promotes LMAN1 binding to FcRγ and recruitment of SHP1. |
Receptor glycocapture screen, direct binding verification, overexpression NF-κB reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation (LMAN1-FcRγ), SHP1 recruitment assay, in vivo localization |
Cell reports |
Medium |
36870056
|
| 2024 |
LMAN1 is a cargo receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO): hepatocyte-specific (but not hematopoietic) LMAN1 deletion causes thrombocytopenia with reduced plasma TPO despite normal Tpo mRNA; TPO co-immunoprecipitates with LMAN1; TPO accumulates intracellularly in LMAN1-deleted cells; TPO secretion is MCFD2-independent. |
Conditional hepatocyte-specific and hematopoietic-specific Lman1 KO mice, platelet and MK quantification, plasma TPO measurement, co-immunoprecipitation, intracellular TPO accumulation assay |
JCI insight |
High |
39499573
|