Affinage

LBP

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein · UniProt P18428

Round 2 corrected
Length
481 aa
Mass
53.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LBP is a soluble acute-phase glycoprotein that functions as the principal initiator of innate immune recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other bacterial amphiphiles by catalyzing their transfer to CD14 and, subsequently, to the TLR4–MD-2 signaling complex (PMID:27986454, PMID:10358200). A single LBP molecule binds longitudinally to LPS micelles and executes multiple rounds of monomer extraction via electrostatic interactions involving N-terminal residues Trp91/Lys92, while its C-terminal domain mediates CD14 docking; at high acute-phase concentrations LBP instead diverts LPS to plasma lipoproteins for neutralization, conferring a dose-dependent switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory outcomes (PMID:27986454, PMID:16176659, PMID:12803885). LBP also recognizes lipoteichoic acid and bacterial lipopeptides, and in vivo LBP deficiency renders mice critically susceptible to Gram-negative infection (PMID:16176661, PMID:11753215). Beyond classical innate immunity, macrophage-expressed LBP is an LXR target gene that promotes foam-cell survival and atherogenesis, and hepatic LBP potentiates LPS-driven inhibition of insulin signaling in a microbiota- and MYD88-dependent manner (PMID:24671012, PMID:32305515).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Defining LBP's transcriptional control resolved how acute-phase induction is regulated: STAT-3, AP-1, and C/EBPβ binding sites in the LBP promoter are required for hepatocyte transcription driven by IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and dexamethasone.

    Evidence Nuclear run-on, RNA stability, luciferase reporter, and EMSA assays in hepatocyte lines

    PMID:9287245 PMID:9442384

    Open questions at the time
    • No ChIP-seq confirmation of in vivo TF occupancy
    • Relative contribution of each TF at endogenous locus not quantified
  2. 1997 High

    Biophysical analysis established that LBP and BPI have opposing effects on LPS aggregates—LBP disperses while BPI stabilizes them—explaining their antagonistic roles in endotoxin biology.

    Evidence Sedimentation analysis, light scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopy with purified proteins

    PMID:9228038

    Open questions at the time
    • No atomic-resolution structure of LBP–LPS complex
    • Relative kinetics of BPI competition in serum not determined
  3. 1998 Medium

    Homology modeling from the BPI crystal structure predicted that conserved positively charged residues at the N-terminal tip and two apolar lipid-binding pockets constitute the LPS-binding architecture of LBP.

    Evidence Comparative structural analysis and conservation mapping based on BPI crystal structure

    PMID:9568897

    Open questions at the time
    • No experimental LBP crystal structure obtained
    • Functional roles of individual pockets not tested by mutagenesis at this stage
  4. 1999 High

    Monoclonal antibodies that block either LPS–LBP or LBP–CD14 interaction both protected mice from lethal endotoxemia, establishing in vivo that LBP's essential function is to present LPS to CD14.

    Evidence Blocking mAbs against murine LBP; in vivo LPS challenge and TNF ELISA

    PMID:10358200

    Open questions at the time
    • Antibody epitopes not mapped to atomic resolution
    • Contribution of LPS-to-lipoprotein shunting not distinguished from CD14 presentation
  5. 2001 High

    Genetic deletion of LBP demonstrated it is a non-redundant innate defense factor: LBP-knockout mice were as susceptible to Salmonella as NRAMP1-deficient mice.

    Evidence LBP−/− mouse model with intraperitoneal Salmonella challenge

    PMID:11753215

    Open questions at the time
    • Susceptibility to Gram-positive infection not tested
    • Compensatory pathways in the absence of LBP not characterized
  6. 2001 Medium

    Discovery that LBP also exists as a membrane-intercalated form (mLBP) in mononuclear cells expanded the functional model beyond a soluble opsonin, showing mLBP transfers LPS aggregates directly into membranes.

    Evidence Patch-clamp electrophysiology, FRET spectroscopy on reconstituted bilayers, and planar lipid bilayer assays

    PMID:11347890 PMID:12831460

    Open questions at the time
    • Topology and stoichiometry of mLBP in native cell membranes not resolved
    • Relative contribution of mLBP versus soluble LBP to physiological signaling unknown
  7. 2002 Medium

    Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of LBP residues 86–108 identified Trp91 and Lys92 as indispensable for LPS binding and showed that the K95A substitution paradoxically enhanced anti-endotoxin potency of derived peptides, mapping the minimal LPS-interaction motif.

    Evidence Synthetic peptide library with competitive LPS-binding and in vitro/in vivo inhibition assays

    PMID:11991204 PMID:14577844

    Open questions at the time
    • No co-crystal structure of peptide–LPS complex
    • Peptide effects not validated in full-length LBP context
  8. 2005 Medium

    The dose-dependent duality of LBP was mechanistically resolved: low-concentration LBP transfers LPS to CD14 for cell activation, whereas high-concentration LBP promotes LPS efflux to lipoproteins for neutralization, explaining the acute-phase regulatory logic.

    Evidence In vitro cell activation and LPS-transfer assays with purified proteins at varying concentrations; lipoprotein fractionation from septic plasma

    PMID:12803885 PMID:16176659

    Open questions at the time
    • Threshold concentrations in vivo not defined
    • Structural basis for the concentration-dependent switch not determined
  9. 2005 Medium

    LBP's ligand repertoire was expanded beyond LPS to include lipoteichoic acid, spirochetal glycolipids, and bacterial lipopeptides, establishing it as a broad-spectrum pattern recognition cofactor.

    Evidence Competitive binding assays and cell stimulation assays with Gram-positive and atypical bacterial amphiphiles

    PMID:11828371 PMID:16176661

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding affinities for non-LPS ligands not quantified comparatively
    • In vivo relevance for Gram-positive defense not shown genetically
  10. 2014 High

    Identification of LBP as a macrophage LXR target gene that promotes foam-cell survival and atherosclerosis linked LBP function to metabolic disease beyond infection, via a cholesterol-efflux-independent mechanism.

    Evidence LXR agonist treatment, bone marrow transplant of LBP−/− donors, atherosclerosis lesion quantification, TUNEL staining

    PMID:24671012

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream survival pathway in foam cells not identified
    • Whether LBP promotes atherogenesis through LPS-dependent or -independent signaling is unresolved
  11. 2016 High

    Full in vitro reconstitution of the LPS transfer cascade demonstrated that one LBP molecule catalyzes multiple rounds of LPS monomer extraction from micelles and delivery to CD14, which then hands off a single LPS to TLR4–MD-2 in a TLR4-dependent step, providing the complete quantitative mechanism.

    Evidence Reconstituted cascade with negative-stain EM and single-molecule TIRF fluorescence microscopy

    PMID:27986454 PMID:28115037

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure of the ternary LBP–LPS–CD14 transfer intermediate still lacking
    • Catalytic cycle rate constants not measured under physiological membrane conditions
  12. 2020 High

    Hepatic LBP was shown to be induced by gut microbiota via MYD88 and to potentiate LPS-driven inhibition of insulin signaling, connecting the LPS sensing axis to metabolic homeostasis; hepatic LBP knockdown or peptide blockade improved glucose tolerance.

    Evidence Germ-free vs. conventional and Myd88-KO mice; CRISPR hepatic KD; LBPK95A peptide in vivo; primary hepatocyte insulin signaling

    PMID:32305515

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of LBP in insulin signaling cascade not identified
    • Contribution of intestinal vs. hepatic LBP pools not separated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A high-resolution crystal or cryo-EM structure of the LBP–LPS–CD14 transfer intermediate and the structural basis for LBP's concentration-dependent switch between pro-inflammatory transfer and lipoprotein shunting remain unresolved.
  • No atomic-resolution LBP structure solved
  • Mechanism of mLBP membrane insertion not structurally characterized
  • In vivo role of LBP in Gram-positive versus Gram-negative defense not genetically dissected

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 5 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
BPICD14MD-2TLR4

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 Reconstitution of the complete LPS transfer cascade in vitro revealed that a single LBP molecule binds longitudinally to LPS micelles and catalyzes multiple rounds of LPS transfer to CD14 via electrostatic interactions; CD14 rapidly dissociates from the LBP-LPS complex after receiving LPS, and the single LPS molecule on CD14 is then transferred to TLR4-MD2 in a TLR4-dependent manner. Structural determinants on LBP critical for LPS binding and transfer were defined by electron microscopy and single-molecule TIRF fluorescence analysis. In vitro reconstitution of LPS transfer cascade, negative-stain electron microscopy, single-molecule TIRF fluorescence microscopy, mutagenesis of charged residues Immunity High 27986454 28115037
1997 LBP and BPI form physically distinct complexes with LPS: LBP disperses LPS aggregates (reducing apparent aggregate size), whereas BPI enhances sedimentation velocity and apparent size of LPS aggregates and inhibits LBP-LPS binding at very low BPI:LPS molar ratios, explaining their opposing functional consequences. Sedimentation analysis, light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy of LPS-protein complexes The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 9228038
1998 Structural analysis of conserved residues in BPI and LBP based on the BPI crystal structure identified that the most conserved regions form the interfaces of two apolar lipid-binding pockets, and a cluster of conserved positively charged residues at the tip of the N-terminal domain (corresponding to Lys42, 48, 92, 95, 99 in BPI) likely make electrostatic contacts with negatively charged LPS; the higher overall positive charge of BPI's N-terminal domain relative to LBP was proposed to underlie BPI's bactericidal activity. Comparative structural analysis using BPI crystal structure; sequence conservation mapping; homology modeling of human LBP Protein Science Medium 9568897
2004 In human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), TLR4 functions intracellularly, and LBP is required for efficient LPS uptake by facilitating internalization of LPS-CD14 complexes to intracellular TLR4-MD2. LBP-dependent uptake involves a scavenger receptor pathway. FACS, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, functional activation assays; inhibitor experiments FASEB Journal Medium 15132988
2007 LBP is required for LPS-induced disruption of tight junctions in cholangiocyte monolayers: siRNA knockdown of LBP (alongside TLR4 and c-Src) attenuated LPS-induced paracellular permeability increase and redistribution of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin proteins. LBP acts upstream of c-Src and myosin light chain kinase in the signaling cascade leading to ZO-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown, permeability assays, immunofluorescence, Western blot for phosphorylation American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Medium 17446308
2005 LBP transfers LPS to CD14 at low concentrations to enhance pro-inflammatory responses, but at high concentrations (as during acute-phase response) LBP inhibits LPS bioactivity. LBP also promotes LPS efflux from cell-surface mCD14 by transfer to plasma lipoproteins. Additionally, soluble CD14 can reverse monocyte LPS responses after binding without requiring extensive LPS release, whereas LBP inhibition after cell binding is independent of major LPS redistribution. In vitro cell activation assays, LPS binding/transfer experiments with purified proteins at varying concentrations Journal of Endotoxin Research Medium 12803885 16176659
1999 Monoclonal antibodies against murine LBP that either block LPS binding to LBP (class 1) or block LPS/LBP complex binding to CD14 (class 2) both suppressed LPS-induced TNF production and protected mice from lethal endotoxemia, demonstrating that LBP's critical function is to present LPS to CD14. Monoclonal antibody generation and characterization; in vivo LPS challenge model; TNF ELISA Journal of Immunology High 10358200
2001 Genetic deletion of LBP in mice with wild-type NRAMP1 renders them as susceptible to intraperitoneal Salmonella infection as NRAMP1-deficient mice, demonstrating that LBP is a critical non-redundant component of innate defense against Gram-negative bacterial infection in vivo. LBP knockout mouse model; in vivo bacterial infection challenge Journal of Endotoxin Research High 11753215
2001 LBP is incorporated as a membrane-spanning protein (mLBP) in the cytoplasmic membrane of mononuclear cells in addition to its role as a soluble serum protein. In this membrane configuration, mLBP binds endotoxin aggregates and transfers them to transmembrane signaling proteins. Pre-formed soluble LBP-LPS complexes, in contrast, do not interact with membranes and lead to LPS neutralization. FRET spectroscopy showed endotoxin aggregates are intercalated into reconstituted membranes by mLBP. Patch-clamp electrophysiology on excised membrane patches, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy, RT-PCR, cytokine assays Journal of Endotoxin Research Medium 12831460
2001 LBP interacts with planar lipid bilayers by intercalating in a directed (asymmetric) orientation into negatively charged membranes, adopting a transmembrane configuration. After intercalation, both anti-LBP antibodies and LPS can bind to LBP on both sides of the bilayer. Pre-incubated LPS-LBP complexes do not interact with membranes. Electrical measurements on planar lipid bilayers (membrane current, potential, capacitance); antibody binding assays Biological Chemistry Medium 11347890
2005 LBP binds to non-LPS bacterial amphiphilic compounds including lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria, LTA-like glycolipids from spirochetes, and lipopeptides from spirochetes, Mycobacterium, Gram-negative bacteria, and Mycoplasma, thereby modulating their ability to stimulate innate immune cells and their interaction with CD14. Binding assays; competitive LBP binding assay; cell stimulation assays Journal of Endotoxin Research Medium 11828371 16176661
1997 Transcriptional activation of the LBP gene in hepatocytes requires intact STAT-3 binding sites in the LBP promoter, as demonstrated by nuclear run-on assays, RNA half-life measurements, and luciferase reporter assays with promoter mutation variants. IL-6 alone induces LBP transcription, while IL-1β augments the IL-6 effect. Nuclear run-on assays, RNA stability assays, luciferase reporter assays with LBP promoter deletion/mutation constructs Cytokines, Cellular & Molecular Therapy Medium 9287245
1997 The transcription factors AP-1 and C/EBPβ are required for LBP gene activation in hepatocytes: luciferase reporter assays and electromobility shift assays (EMSA) showed their binding to the LBP promoter, and stimulation with IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and dexamethasone drives dose- and time-dependent LBP transcription. Luciferase reporter gene assays, electromobility shift assays (EMSA), Western blot Immunobiology Medium 9442384
2014 LBP is a macrophage-specific LXR target gene: oxysterol treatment or modified-LDL loading induces LBP expression in macrophages but not liver in an LXR-dependent manner. Bone marrow transplant studies using LBP-/- donors showed markedly smaller atherosclerotic lesions and increased apoptosis in lesions, demonstrating that macrophage LBP promotes foam cell survival and atherogenesis without affecting cholesterol efflux. LXR agonist treatment, bone marrow transplantation, atherosclerosis lesion quantification, TUNEL staining, cholesterol efflux assay Journal of Lipid Research High 24671012
2003 A protease from the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia cleaves both CD14 and LBP in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby reducing LPS virulence signaling. The enzyme is a membrane-associated 170-kDa cysteine protease that also cleaves membrane-associated CD14, as shown by decreased IL-1β mRNA induction in LPS-activated macrophage cell lines. Zymography, molecular mass analysis, class-specific inhibitor/activator profiling, RT-PCR for IL-1β mRNA Archives of Microbiology Medium 12728301
2020 Hepatic LBP expression is induced by gut microbiota through MYD88-dependent signaling. LBP potentiates LPS-induced inhibition of insulin signaling in hepatocytes at low LPS concentrations, and this effect is abolished by the LBP-blocking peptide LBPK95A. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated hepatic Lbp knockdown and systemic LBPK95A treatment both improve systemic glucose homeostasis in mice. Liver transcriptomics in germ-free vs. conventionally-raised Myd88-KO mice; primary hepatocyte insulin signaling assays; CRISPR-Cas9 hepatic KD; pharmacological LBP blockade in vivo Molecular Metabolism High 32305515
2023 Gastric cancer-derived LBP activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in intrahepatic macrophages to promote TGF-β1 secretion, which activates hepatic stellate cells to form a fibrotic pre-metastatic niche in the liver. TGF-β1 also enhances migration and invasion of metastatic gastric cancer cells. Shown by Co-IP, mRNA sequencing of LBP-treated macrophages, and intrasplenic injection mouse models. Co-immunoprecipitation, mRNA sequencing, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, intrasplenic injection mouse LM model, Transwell assays Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research Medium 37789385
2017 LBP can reverse the amyloid (hypercoagulable) state of fibrin observed in plasma from type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, suggesting LBP neutralizes LPS-induced fibrin amyloidogenesis. The effect was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of clot ultrastructure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy of clot ultrastructure; platelet-poor plasma from T2D patients treated with LBP Scientific Reports Low 28851981
2002 Peptides corresponding to human LBP amino acid region 86–108 inhibit LPS-LBP interaction. Alanine-scanning of residues 86–99 identified Trp91 and Lys92 as indispensable for peptide-LPS binding; substitution of Arg94, Lys95, and Phe98 with Ala increased inhibitory potency, with the Lys95→Ala mutant most active in blocking LPS binding to LBP. Synthetic peptide alanine-scanning library; competitive LPS-binding assay; in vitro and in vivo LPS-response inhibition assays Journal of Peptide Science Medium 11991204 14577844
2014 Directed evolution of the LBP C-terminal CD14-binding region identified that a Thr287→Met mutation in LBP significantly improves the anti-endotoxin activity of derived peptides, suggesting that residue 287 of the LBP C-terminus plays an important role in LBP-CD14 interaction. Error-prone PCR phage display library; competitive CD14-binding screen; in vitro TNF-α/NF-κB assays; in vivo LPS-induced ARDS rat model PloS One Medium 25025695
2024 LBP deficiency in rats aggravates high-fat diet-induced NAFLD despite reduced inflammation. Integrative H3K27ac ChIP-seq and transcriptomics revealed that LBP loss alters the histone acetylome, with C/EBPβ identified as a pivotal transcription factor driving dysregulated H3K27ac and the lipid metabolism gene SCD as a downstream effector mediating NAFLD exacerbation. LBP-/- rat model; H3K27ac ChIP-seq; transcriptomics; integrative bioinformatic analysis; Western blot validation Zoological Research Low 38114435
1998 LBP and soluble CD14 play distinct roles in LPS uptake by cells: LBP enables LPS binding and uptake by cells expressing membrane CD14, while soluble CD14 confers LPS responsiveness on cells lacking membrane CD14. Cell activation and LPS uptake were found to be independent phenomena with different protein requirements. LPS binding assays, cellular uptake assays, cell activation assays using purified recombinant LBP and sCD14 Progress in Clinical and Biological Research Medium 9575548
2003 During sepsis, LBP (in addition to sCD14) promotes transfer of cell-bound LPS to plasma lipoproteins (primarily HDL), thereby attenuating monocyte LPS responses. In severe sepsis, the dominant LPS acceptor shifts from HDL to an acute-phase VLDL fraction with altered composition including apolipoprotein E and serum amyloid A. LPS binding/transfer assays in undiluted human serum; septic patient plasma analysis; lipoprotein fractionation Journal of Endotoxin Research Medium 12803885
1998 LBP and CD14 mRNA levels are co-induced in lung, kidney, and liver concurrently after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice, along with IL-1 mRNA, suggesting these organs become locally sensitized to a secondary LPS challenge through coordinated upregulation of the LPS recognition machinery. Northern blot, TaqMan fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR; CLP mouse model The Journal of Surgical Research Low 9695742

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2012 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts. Molecular cell 973 22681889
2005 Nucleolar proteome dynamics. Nature 934 15635413
2004 Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nature biotechnology 916 15592455
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2002 Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus. Current biology : CB 780 11790298
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2013 Structures of the human and Drosophila 80S ribosome. Nature 481 23636399
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Global analysis of TDP-43 interacting proteins reveals strong association with RNA splicing and translation machinery. Journal of proteome research 422 20020773
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2004 The molecular mechanics of eukaryotic translation. Annual review of biochemistry 396 15189156
2015 Structure of the human 80S ribosome. Nature 380 25901680
2006 The 37/67-kilodalton laminin receptor is a receptor for adeno-associated virus serotypes 8, 2, 3, and 9. Journal of virology 340 16973587
2016 Reconstruction of LPS Transfer Cascade Reveals Structural Determinants within LBP, CD14, and TLR4-MD2 for Efficient LPS Recognition and Transfer. Immunity 339 27986454
1988 The human laminin receptor is a member of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 2970671
2010 Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revealed by systematic quantitative proteomics. Cell 318 21145461
2003 Involution of the mouse mammary gland is associated with an immune cascade and an acute-phase response, involving LBP, CD14 and STAT3. Breast cancer research : BCR 301 14979920
1986 Altered levels of laminin receptor mRNA in various human carcinoma cells that have different abilities to bind laminin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 283 2429301
2000 Integrins as receptors for laminins. Microscopy research and technique 278 11054877
2012 Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology 257 23262249
2005 Modulatory effects of sCD14 and LBP on LPS-host cell interactions. Journal of endotoxin research 236 16176659
2013 Determinants of serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in the adult population: the role of obesity. PloS one 180 23349936
2011 Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as a marker of obesity-related insulin resistance. International journal of obesity (2005) 175 22184060
2003 Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP): structure, function and regulation in host defence against Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical Society transactions 162 12887306
1992 Function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) and CD14, the receptor for LPS/LBP complexes: a short review. Research in immunology 120 1373512
1998 The BPI/LBP family of proteins: a structural analysis of conserved regions. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 118 9568897
2004 Toll-like receptor 4 functions intracellularly in human coronary artery endothelial cells: roles of LBP and sCD14 in mediating LPS responses. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 116 15132988
2007 Lipopolysaccharide disrupts tight junctions in cholangiocyte monolayers by a c-Src-, TLR4-, and LBP-dependent mechanism. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 109 17446308
2004 Meet the relatives: a family of BPI- and LBP-related proteins. Trends in immunology 108 15106612
2002 Cytokine induction by purified lipoteichoic acids from various bacterial species--role of LBP, sCD14, CD14 and failure to induce IL-12 and subsequent IFN-gamma release. European journal of immunology 108 11828371
2017 Dynamic lipopolysaccharide transfer cascade to TLR4/MD2 complex via LBP and CD14. BMB reports 105 28115037
2014 Overfeeding increases postprandial endotoxemia in men: Inflammatory outcome may depend on LPS transporters LBP and sCD14. Molecular nutrition & food research 99 24687809
1997 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding proteins BPI and LBP form different types of complexes with LPS. The Journal of biological chemistry 95 9228038
2011 Soluble CD14 subtype presepsin (sCD14-ST) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in neonatal sepsis: new clinical and analytical perspectives for two old biomarkers. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 91 21740312
1999 A novel acute-phase marker: lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 87 10353471
2002 Novel laminin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, Lbp, is involved in adhesion to epithelial cells. Infection and immunity 84 11796638
2011 In Critically Ill Patients, Serum Procalcitonin Is More Useful in Differentiating between Sepsis and SIRS than CRP, Il-6, or LBP. Critical care research and practice 81 21687569
2007 Adaptability of the Vitamin D nuclear receptor to the synthetic ligand Gemini: remodelling the LBP with one side chain rotation. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 76 17218092
1999 Monoclonal antibodies to murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) protect mice from lethal endotoxemia by blocking either the binding of LPS to LBP or the presentation of LPS/LBP complexes to CD14. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 72 10358200
2000 Cloning of factors related to HIV-inducible LBP proteins that regulate steroidogenic factor-1-independent human placental transcription of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 10644752
2000 The transcriptional factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene on chromosome 12 is a genetic determinant of Alzheimer's disease. Human molecular genetics 63 11001930
2001 LBP, CD14, TLR4 and the murine innate immune response to a peritoneal Salmonella infection. Journal of endotoxin research 62 11753215
2011 LBP/BPI proteins and their relatives: conservation over evolution and roles in mutualism. Biochemical Society transactions 61 21787344
2005 Identification of cyanophage Ma-LBP and infection of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa from an Australian subtropical lake by the virus. Applied and environmental microbiology 61 15691911
2021 Effects of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Infections, Inflammatory Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Cancers. Frontiers in immunology 55 34295331
2018 Lyciumbarbarum Polysaccharide (LBP): A Novel Prebiotics Candidate for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Frontiers in microbiology 53 29867910
2009 The laminin-binding protein Lbp from Streptococcus pyogenes is a zinc receptor. Journal of bacteriology 49 19617361
2005 Normal rat hepatic stellate cells respond to endotoxin in LBP-independent manner to produce inhibitor(s) of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. Journal of cellular physiology 48 15828022
2004 Cloning and analyses of a BPI/LBP cDNA of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Developmental and comparative immunology 47 14698217
2018 Biomarkers of inflammation - LBP and TLR- predict progression of knee osteoarthritis in the DOXY clinical trial. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 45 30144513
2002 Three new human members of the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein family (LT/LBP). Immunogenetics 45 12185532
2013 Parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein LBP/BPI protects Biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections. PLoS pathogens 44 24367257
2003 Association of the 3' UTR transcription factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF polymorphism with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 44 12555245
2002 The BSP30 salivary proteins from cattle, LUNX/PLUNC and von Ebner's minor salivary gland protein are members of the PSP/LBP superfamily of proteins. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 12427544
2023 Gastric cancer-derived LBP promotes liver metastasis by driving intrahepatic fibrotic pre-metastatic niche formation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 43 37789385
1998 LBP-p40 binds DNA tightly through associations with histones H2A, H2B, and H4. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 42 9878528
1995 A novel LBP-1-mediated restriction of HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 7836461
2001 A novel acute phase marker in cattle: lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Journal of endotoxin research 41 11521082
1998 Tissue coexpression of LBP and CD14 mRNA in a mouse model of sepsis. The Journal of surgical research 41 9695742
2000 Rough and smooth forms of fluorescein-labelled bacterial endotoxin exhibit CD14/LBP dependent and independent binding that is influencedby endotoxin concentration. European journal of biochemistry 38 10759844
2018 Association of gut microbial communities with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in premenopausal women. The ISME journal 37 29434315
2003 Impact of sepsis-induced changes in plasma on LPS interactions with monocytes and plasma lipoproteins: roles of soluble CD14, LBP, and acute phase lipoproteins. Journal of endotoxin research 37 12803885
1996 Analysis of nuclear localization of laminin binding protein precursor p40 (LBP/p40). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 37 8954992
2017 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) reverses the amyloid state of fibrin seen in plasma of type 2 diabetics with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Scientific reports 35 28851981
2013 Multiple unfolding pathways of leucine binding protein (LBP) probed by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). Journal of the American Chemical Society 35 24015877
2001 Interaction between lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and planar membranes. Biological chemistry 34 11347890
1999 Fighting infection: the role of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins CD14 and LBP. Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 34 10725789
2018 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) can reverse the amyloid state of fibrin seen or induced in Parkinson's disease. PloS one 33 29494603
2017 Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharide (LBP) Reduces Glucose Uptake via Down-Regulation of SGLT-1 in Caco2 Cell. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 33 28241438
2004 Defective extraembryonic angiogenesis in mice lacking LBP-1a, a member of the grainyhead family of transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 33 15282311
2005 Non-LPS targets and actions of LPS binding protein (LBP). Journal of endotoxin research 32 16176661
2004 Cell activation by Toll-like receptors: role of LBP and CD14. Journal of endotoxin research 31 15588424
2016 Reliability of plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) from repeated measures in healthy adults. Cancer causes & control : CCC 30 27392432
2014 LBP-4a improves insulin resistance via translocation and activation of GLUT4 in OLETF rats. Food & function 29 24577527
2003 The role of membrane-bound LBP, endotoxin aggregates, and the MaxiK channel in LPS-induced cell activation. Journal of endotoxin research 29 12831460
2001 Genetic association of an LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene polymorphism with late onset Alzheimer's disease. Journal of medical genetics 29 11283204
1999 The nonintegrin laminin binding protein (p67 LBP) is expressed on a subset of activated human T lymphocytes and, together with the integrin very late activation antigen-6, mediates avid cellular adherence to laminin. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 29 10477615
2024 Gut microbiota dysbiosis deteriorates immunoregulatory effects of tryptophan via colonic indole and LBP/HTR2B-mediated macrophage function. The ISME journal 28 39180723
2011 Ovocalyxin-36 and other LBP/BPI/PLUNC-like proteins as molecular actors of the mechanisms of the avian egg natural defences. Biochemical Society transactions 28 21787332
2001 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and markers of acute-phase response in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following open heart surgery. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 28 11605136
2019 LBP reduces theinflammatory injuryof kidney in septic rat and regulates the Keap1-Nrf2∕ARE signaling pathway1. Acta cirurgica brasileira 27 30785504
1998 The induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by the loss of LBP-p40. Cell death and differentiation 27 10200442
2014 The macrophage LBP gene is an LXR target that promotes macrophage survival and atherosclerosis. Journal of lipid research 26 24671012
2016 Serum LBP Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Women with PCOS. PloS one 25 26799617
2014 Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from olive flounder lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI). Marine drugs 25 25329706
2009 Liquid Based Preparation (LBP) cytology versus Conventional Cytology (CS) in FNA samples from breast, thyroid, salivary glands and soft tissues. Our experience in Crete (Greece). Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 25 19434318
1998 Pulmonary LPS-binding protein (LBP) upregulation following LPS-mediated injury. The Journal of surgical research 25 9733616
1995 Influence of CD14, LBP and BPI in the monocyte response to LPS of different polysaccharide chain length. Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 7543211
2021 Maternal Plasma and Amniotic Fluid LBP, Pentraxin 3, Resistin, and IGFBP-3: Biomarkers of Microbial Invasion of Amniotic Cavity and/or Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Journal of Korean medical science 23 34783213
2016 Arabidopsis LBP/BPI related-1 and -2 bind to LPS directly and regulate PR1 expression. Scientific reports 23 27273538
2003 Inhibition of LPS-responses by synthetic peptides derived from LBP associates with the ability of the peptides to block LBP-LPS interaction. Journal of endotoxin research 23 14577844
2023 Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Levels Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Adipose Inflammation in Human Obesity. International journal of molecular sciences 22 38139003
2015 The LBP/BPI multigenic family in invertebrates: Evolutionary history and evidences of specialization in mollusks. Developmental and comparative immunology 22 26608112
2013 Identification and expression analysis on bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI)/lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) of ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. Fish & shellfish immunology 22 23742867
2009 A common haplotype of the LBP gene predisposes to severe sepsis. Critical care medicine 22 19707138
2015 LBP/BPI homologue in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Developmental and comparative immunology 21 26297397
2006 mRNA expression patterns of the BPI/LBP molecule in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fish & shellfish immunology 21 17442589
2004 LBP proteins modulate SF1-independent expression of P450scc in human placental JEG-3 cells. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 21 15471945
2020 Hepatic expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (Lbp) is induced by the gut microbiota through Myd88 and impairs glucose tolerance in mice independent of obesity. Molecular metabolism 19 32305515
2003 Cleavage of CD14 and LBP by a protease from Prevotella intermedia. Archives of microbiology 19 12728301
2011 Characterization of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis laminin-binding/histone-like protein (Lbp/Hlp) which reacts with sera from patients with Crohn's disease. Microbes and infection 18 21334452
2001 CD14 and LBP in endotoxemia and infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of endotoxin research 18 11753213
1997 Control of transcriptional activation of the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) gene by proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy 18 9287245
1997 The transcriptional activation pattern of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) involving transcription factors AP-1 and C/EBP beta. Immunobiology 18 9442384
1991 Expression of laminin and its receptor LBP-32 in human and rat hepatoma cells. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 18 1847349
2023 Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, serum levels of BDNF and LBP in overweight/obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial. Nutritional neuroscience 17 37436939
2024 Loss of LBP triggers lipid metabolic disorder through H3K27 acetylation-mediated C/EBPβ- SCD activation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Zoological research 16 38114435
2016 Rosuvastatin Decreases Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP), but Does Not Alter Zonulin or Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) Levels, in HIV-Infected Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy. Pathogens & immunity 16 27500282
1998 Roles for LBP and soluble CD14 in cellular uptake of LPS. Progress in clinical and biological research 16 9575548
2020 Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters LBP and sCD14 Differ in Obese vs. Overweight and Normal Weight Men during Fat-Rich Meal Digestion. Nutrients 15 32570947
2014 Directed evolution of an LBP/CD14 inhibitory peptide and its anti-endotoxin activity. PloS one 15 25025695
2012 The inducible effect of LBP on maturation of dendritic cells and the related immune signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current drug delivery 15 22640039
2002 Identification of single amino acid residues essential for the binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to LPS binding protein (LBP) residues 86-99 by using an Ala-scanning library. Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society 15 11991204
1999 Ribosome-associated protein LBP/p40 binds to S21 protein of 40S ribosome: analysis using a yeast two-hybrid system. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 15 10079194
2015 Low levels of microbial translocation marker LBP are associated with sustained viral response after anti-HCV treatment in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients. PloS one 14 25785448
2005 Further evidence for LBP-1c/CP2/LSF association in Alzheimer's disease families. Journal of medical genetics 14 16272261
2021 Facial Expression Recognition with LBP and ORB Features. Computational intelligence and neuroscience 13 33505453