Affinage

LBP

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein · UniProt P18428

Length
481 aa
Mass
53.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LBP is a liver-derived acute-phase glycoprotein that serves as the apical sensor and shuttle of the LPS-recognition cascade, catalytically extracting individual endotoxin molecules from bacterial membranes and micelles and delivering them to downstream receptors (PMID:27986454). It binds longitudinally to LPS micelles and transfers LPS molecules to CD14 through repeated electrostatic binding/unbinding cycles, after which CD14 hands a single LPS molecule to the TLR4-MD2 signaling complex in a TLR4-dependent step; the full cascade and its intermediate complexes have been reconstituted and visualized in vitro (PMID:27986454). This catalytic transfer activity extends to other microbial ligands: LBP forms complexes with lipoteichoic acid and delivers it to CD14 for TLR2-dependent activation independently of TLR4/MD-2 (PMID:12594207), and it delivers triacylated lipoproteins to TLR1-TLR2 without remaining bound to the final ternary complex (PMID:23430250). Antibody-blocking and knockout studies establish that these sequential binding and presentation steps are required for LPS-induced TNF production and host defense against Gram-negative bacteria in vivo (PMID:10358200, PMID:10725789). Beyond its extracellular shuttle role, LBP is internalized by monocytes/macrophages independently of CD14 or TLR4, colocalizes with LPS in intracellular compartments, and associates with inflammasome machinery, and it can intercalate as a transmembrane protein into negatively charged bilayers to capture aggregated endotoxin and deliver it to membrane-resident signaling proteins including TLR4 and the MaxiK channel (PMID:26804480, PMID:11347890, PMID:12831460). LBP transcription is driven by acute-phase signaling through STAT-3, AP-1, and C/EBPβ promoter elements (PMID:9287245, PMID:9442384), and in macrophages it is additionally induced by LXR-dependent cholesterol/oxysterol loading, where it promotes macrophage survival under cholesterol load (PMID:24671012). In disease contexts, gut microbiota-MYD88-induced hepatic LBP potentiates LPS-mediated impairment of hepatocyte insulin signaling and worsens systemic glucose homeostasis (PMID:32305515), tumor-derived LBP drives intrahepatic macrophage TLR4/NF-κB-TGF-β1 signaling to build a pre-metastatic niche (PMID:37789385), and LBP deficiency aggravates fatty liver disease through H3K27ac-C/EBPβ-SCD epigenetic dysregulation of lipid metabolism (PMID:38114435).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Established how LBP expression is wired into the acute-phase response, explaining its induction during infection.

    Evidence Promoter cloning, luciferase reporters, EMSA and nuclear run-on identifying STAT-3, AP-1, C/EBPβ elements; genomic organization and family relationship to PLTP/BPI

    PMID:9240454 PMID:9287245 PMID:9441745 PMID:9442384

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish the relative contribution of each transcription factor in vivo
    • Cell-type-specific promoter usage not resolved
  2. 1998 Medium

    Demonstrated that LBP is essential for innate defense, not merely a serum amplifier, by showing knockout mice fail to control low-dose Gram-negative infection.

    Evidence LBP-knockout mouse infected with low-inoculum S. typhimurium; local co-induction of LBP/CD14 mRNA across lung, kidney, liver in CLP peritonitis model

    PMID:10725789 PMID:9695742

    Open questions at the time
    • Primary KO infection data reported through a review
    • Local extrahepatic LBP function not mechanistically dissected
  3. 1999 Medium

    Resolved that LBP acts in two separable sequential steps in vivo—LPS binding then presentation to CD14—by selectively blocking each with antibody classes.

    Evidence Class 1 and class 2 anti-LBP monoclonal antibodies in a lethal endotoxemia mouse model measuring TNF and survival

    PMID:10358200

    Open questions at the time
    • Antibody epitope mapping to structural domains not provided
    • Single lab
  4. 2001 Medium

    Revealed a non-shuttle mode in which LBP itself inserts into membranes as a transmembrane protein, distinguishing membrane-bound from soluble functions.

    Evidence Planar lipid bilayer electrical measurements and two-sided antibody binding on reconstituted negatively charged membranes

    PMID:11347890

    Open questions at the time
    • Single method type, single lab
    • Structural basis of transmembrane orientation unknown
  5. 2003 Medium

    Extended LBP's catalytic transfer activity beyond LPS to Gram-positive and lipoprotein ligands, and defined the membrane-bound LBP route to TLR4 and MaxiK.

    Evidence Native gel transfer assays for LTA-CD14; patch-clamp and FRET for membrane-bound LBP delivering aggregated endotoxin; septic serum lipoprotein transfer assays; identification of a P. intermedia protease cleaving LBP/CD14

    PMID:12594207 PMID:12728301 PMID:12803885 PMID:12831460

    Open questions at the time
    • Soluble vs membrane-bound LBP balance in vivo unresolved
    • TLR2-subfamily handoff structure not characterized
  6. 2004 Medium

    Showed LBP enables intracellular TLR4 signaling in non-myeloid cells by driving scavenger-receptor-mediated LPS uptake.

    Evidence FACS, confocal microscopy and cytokine assays in human coronary artery endothelial cells

    PMID:15132988

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific scavenger receptor not identified
    • Not independently replicated
  7. 2013 High

    Demonstrated LBP and sCD14 each independently sensitize cells to triacylated lipoproteins via TLR1-TLR2 ternary complex formation, generalizing the catalytic-handoff model.

    Evidence Size exclusion chromatography with soluble TLR1/TLR2 domains and cell activation with Pam3CSK4 and OspA

    PMID:23430250

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative kinetics of transfer not measured
    • In vivo relevance for lipoprotein sensing not tested
  8. 2014 Medium

    Linked LBP to sterol metabolism, showing macrophage LBP is LXR-induced and promotes macrophage survival under cholesterol load with consequences for atherosclerosis.

    Evidence LBP-/- bone marrow transplant into irradiated mice on Western diet; lesion quantification, TUNEL, in vitro cholesterol loading, LXR agonist treatment

    PMID:24671012

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular pathway linking LBP to survival not defined
    • Cholesterol efflux unaffected, leaving mechanism open
  9. 2016 High

    Achieved a full structural/mechanistic reconstitution of the LPS transfer cascade and uncovered an intracellular CD14/TLR4-independent LBP pool near the inflammasome.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution, negative-stain EM and single-molecule TIRF of intermediate complexes; flow cytometry, fractionation, confocal and IL-1β assays in CD14/TLR4-knockout macrophages

    PMID:26804480 PMID:27986454

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular LBP trafficking route and inflammasome mechanism not defined
    • How transmembrane vs catalytic shuttle modes are selected in cells unknown
  10. 2020 Medium

    Connected gut microbiota signaling to hepatic LBP and metabolic disease, showing LBP potentiates LPS-driven hepatic insulin resistance.

    Evidence Germ-free vs conventional Myd88 KO transcriptomics; primary hepatocyte insulin signaling assays; LBPK95A blocking peptide and CRISPR hepatic Lbp knockdown with glucose tolerance tests

    PMID:32305515

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream insulin signaling node not pinpointed
    • Single lab
  11. 2023 Medium

    Identified a tumor-promoting axis in which tumor-derived LBP engages intrahepatic macrophage TLR4/NF-κB-TGF-β1 signaling to build a pre-metastatic niche.

    Evidence DIA mass spectrometry, Co-IP, mRNA-seq of THP-1 macrophages, Transwell assays, intrasplenic metastasis mouse model with galunisertib

    PMID:37789385

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct LBP-TLR4 binding interface not structurally defined
    • Single lab
  12. 2024 Medium

    Revealed an unexpected protective hepatic role of LBP via epigenetic control of lipid metabolism, with deficiency worsening fatty liver disease.

    Evidence LBP-/- rat HFD model; H3K27ac ChIP-seq and transcriptomics integration identifying C/EBPβ-SCD axis; qRT-PCR/WB validation

    PMID:38114435

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which LBP loss alters H3K27ac is unclear
    • Rat-to-human translation untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How LBP partitions between its extracellular catalytic shuttle, transmembrane-insertion, and intracellular trafficking modes—and what governs its switch between immune sensing and metabolic/epigenetic functions—remains unresolved.
  • No unified model reconciling soluble shuttle, membrane-bound, and intracellular LBP roles
  • Structural basis of transmembrane insertion vs catalytic transfer unknown
  • Intracellular LBP-inflammasome mechanism uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
CD14MD2TLR1TLR2TLR4

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 LBP binds longitudinally to LPS micelles and catalyzes multi-round transfer of LPS molecules to CD14 via electrostatic interactions; CD14 then transfers a single LPS molecule to TLR4-MD2 in a TLR4-dependent manner. Intermediate complexes (LBP-LPS micelles, CD14-LBP-LPS micelle, CD14-LPS-TLR4-MD2) were directly visualized and the entire cascade reconstituted in vitro. In vitro reconstitution of entire LPS transfer cascade, negative-stain electron microscopy, single-molecule TIRF fluorescence analysis, structural characterization of intermediate complexes Immunity High 27986454
2003 LBP forms complexes with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. pneumoniae and S. aureus and catalytically transfers LTA to CD14, enabling TLR2-dependent immune cell activation; TLR4 and MD-2 are not involved in LTA recognition. Native gel electrophoresis (PhastGel) to verify LTA-LBP and LBP-sCD14 complex formation and catalytic transfer; HEK293/CD14 and CHO cell transfection with TLR2, TLR4, MD-2 The Journal of biological chemistry High 12594207
2013 LBP (and sCD14) independently deliver triacylated lipoproteins to TLR1-TLR2, enhancing ternary complex formation between TLR1, TLR2, and triacylated lipopeptide agonist, without remaining physically associated with the final complex. Either protein alone suffices to sensitize TLR-expressing cells to nanogram levels of lipopeptide. Size exclusion chromatography to measure ternary complex formation with soluble extracellular TLR1/TLR2 domains; cell activation assays with synthetic lipopeptide (Pam3CSK4) and natural lipoprotein OspA The Journal of biological chemistry High 23430250
2004 In human coronary artery endothelial cells, LBP enables LPS uptake and delivery to intracellularly located TLR4-MD2 via a scavenger receptor pathway, facilitating cell activation at low LPS concentrations. LPS internalization—dependent on LBP—is required for cell activation because TLR4 functions intracellularly in these cells. FACS, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, functional cytokine assays; LBP-dependent LPS uptake demonstrated in HCAEC FASEB journal Medium 15132988
2016 LBP is constitutively present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of monocytes/macrophages; it is internalized in a concentration-dependent manner that is enhanced by LPS. LBP internalization does not depend on CD14 or TLR4/MD-2 but colocalizes with LPS at the cytoplasmic membrane and in intracellular compartments. LBP also facilitates IL-1β production by macrophages in the absence of ATP and is found near activated caspases during inflammasome activation, indicating a role in intracellular LPS transport and signaling beyond its extracellular shuttle function. Flow cytometry, fluorescence quenching, confocal microscopy, membrane fractionation (Triton X-100 solubilization), HEK293 and macrophage cell lines with CD14/TLR4 knockouts, IL-1β ELISA Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 26804480
1999 Blocking either LBP-LPS binding (class 1 mAbs) or LPS/LBP-to-CD14 presentation (class 2 mAbs) suppresses LPS-induced TNF production and protects mice from lethal endotoxemia, establishing LBP's critical sequential roles: first binding LPS, then presenting the LPS/LBP complex to CD14. Generation of rat monoclonal antibodies to murine LBP; in vivo endotoxemia mouse model measuring TNF and survival Journal of immunology Medium 10358200
2001 LBP intercalates in a directed transmembrane orientation into negatively charged lipid bilayers; anti-LBP antibodies bind LBP on both sides of the bilayer after addition to only one side, indicating transmembrane configuration. Pre-formed LPS-LBP complexes in solution do NOT insert into membranes, suggesting that membrane-bound LBP captures aggregated endotoxin directly. Planar lipid bilayer electrical measurements (membrane current, potential, capacitance); antibody binding assays on reconstituted membranes Biological chemistry Medium 11347890
2003 Membrane-bound LBP (mLBP) is incorporated as a transmembrane protein in the cytoplasmic membrane of human mononuclear cells and mediates binding of aggregated endotoxin and its transfer to transmembrane signaling proteins (TLR4, MaxiK channel). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy showed that endotoxin aggregates are intercalated into reconstituted membranes by mLBP. Soluble LBP complexed with LPS in serum prior to membrane contact neutralizes LPS rather than activating cells. Patch-clamp on excised outside-out cytoplasmic membrane patches; FRET spectroscopy; RT-PCR; cytokine assays Journal of endotoxin research Medium 12831460
2007 LBP is required for LPS-induced disruption of tight junctions in cholangiocyte monolayers. siRNA knockdown of LBP attenuates LPS-induced paracellular permeability increase and redistribution of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudins), placing LBP upstream of c-Src and TLR4 in the signaling pathway mediating barrier disruption. siRNA knockdown of LBP (and TLR4, c-Src); paracellular permeability assays; immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins; Western blot for phosphorylation; myosin light chain kinase inhibitor (ML-7) experiments American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Medium 17446308
1997 The LBP gene promoter contains recognition elements typical of acute-phase reactants, and STAT-3 binding to a conserved acute-phase motif is essential for LBP promoter activation. Transcriptional activation involves AP-1 and C/EBPβ transcription factors, as shown by reporter-gene and EMSA assays. LBP mRNA induction occurs via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Nuclear run-on, RNA half-life experiments, 5' flanking region cloning, luciferase reporter-gene assays with promoter mutation variants, EMSA for AP-1 and C/EBPβ Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy / Immunobiology Medium 9287245 9442384
2014 LBP gene expression in macrophages is specifically induced by LXR activation (by oxysterols or modified LDL loading) in a cell-type-specific manner (macrophages but not liver). Bone marrow transplant studies in LBP-/- mice showed markedly smaller atherosclerotic lesions and increased macrophage apoptosis in lesions. LBP promotes macrophage survival under cholesterol loading without affecting cholesterol efflux. Bone marrow transplantation with LBP-/- donors into irradiated recipients; Western diet feeding; lesion area quantification; TUNEL staining; in vitro macrophage cholesterol loading assays; LXR agonist treatment Journal of lipid research Medium 24671012
2020 Hepatic LBP expression is induced by the gut microbiota through MYD88-dependent signaling. LBP potentiates LPS-mediated impairment of insulin signaling in hepatocytes in the presence of low LPS concentrations; this effect is abolished by the LBP-blocking peptide LBPK95A. Systemic blockade of LBP by LBPK95A and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated hepatic Lbp knockdown both improve systemic glucose homeostasis in mice. Liver transcriptomics of germ-free vs. conventionally raised Myd88 KO and WT mice; primary hepatocyte LPS/LBP insulin signaling assays; LBPK95A blocking peptide treatment in vivo; CRISPR-Cas9 hepatic Lbp knockdown; glucose tolerance tests Molecular metabolism Medium 32305515
2023 Gastric cancer-derived LBP activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in intrahepatic macrophages to promote TGF-β1 secretion, which in turn activates hepatic stellate cells to form a fibrotic pre-metastatic niche. TGF-β1 also enhances migration and invasion of incoming metastatic gastric cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed LBP interaction with macrophage TLR4 signaling components. DIA mass spectrometry; Co-IP; mRNA sequencing of THP-1 macrophages ± LBP; Transwell migration/invasion assays; intrasplenic injection mouse LM model; IF, WB, IHC; galunisertib (TGF-β/Smad inhibitor) treatment in vivo Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 37789385
2024 LBP deficiency aggravates high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats through an epigenetic mechanism: loss of LBP leads to altered H3K27 acetylation at active enhancers, activating C/EBPβ as a key transcription factor, which in turn drives SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) expression and dysregulated lipid metabolism. LBP-/- rat model with HFD; H3K27ac ChIP-seq; transcriptomic sequencing; integrative enhancer-target gene analysis; qRT-PCR and Western blot for C/EBPβ, SCD, NF-κB, Nrf2 Zoological research Medium 38114435
1998 LBP binds to double-stranded DNA and, through association with core histones H2A, H2B, and H4 (but not H3), gains tighter chromatin-binding. GST-fusion pulldown with recombinant histones established direct interaction of LBP-p40 (laminin binding protein precursor p40, a distinct protein sharing the LBP abbreviation) with these specific histones. NOTE: This paper concerns the 37/67-kDa laminin-binding protein precursor (RPSA locus), not the LPS-binding protein LBP gene; it is a symbol collision. DNA cellulose column chromatography; GST-histone pulldown Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 9878528
1998 LBP is required for control of low-dose (100 CFU) S. typhimurium infection in vivo; LBP-deficient mice fail to control this infection, demonstrating that LBP is essential for innate defense against Gram-negative bacteria at physiologically relevant bacterial doses. LBP-knockout mouse model; in vivo infection with S. typhimurium at low inoculum; survival and bacterial burden readouts Journal of endotoxin research (cited in review) Medium 10725789
2003 In septic patient plasma, LPS bound transiently to monocytes is released into plasma lipoproteins; this release is enhanced by sCD14. LBP also inhibited LPS responses after LPS had bound to monocytes, but without requiring extensive release of cell-bound LPS (unlike sCD14). During sepsis, HDL remained the dominant LPS acceptor; in some patients, LPS transfer shifted to an acute-phase VLDL fraction. In vitro experiments with undiluted human septic serum; LPS binding/transfer assays with monocytes and isolated lipoproteins; cytokine response assays Journal of endotoxin research Medium 12803885
2003 A 170-kDa cysteine metalloprotease from Prevotella intermedia cleaves both CD14 and LBP in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby reducing IL-1β mRNA expression in LPS-activated macrophages. Addition of soluble CD14 abrogated protease-mediated inhibition, placing LBP/CD14 cleavage as the mechanism of immune evasion. Zymographic analysis; molecular mass determination; class-specific protease inhibitors/activators; RT-PCR for IL-1β mRNA in U937 and THP-1 cells; sCD14 rescue experiment Archives of microbiology Medium 12728301
1998 LBP is expressed locally in lung, kidney, and liver, and LBP and CD14 mRNAs are co-induced in all three organs following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced peritonitis in mice, with kinetics paralleling local IL-1 mRNA induction. This local co-induction may sensitize these organs to secondary LPS challenge. Northern blot analysis; TaqMan fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR; CLP mouse model with serial tissue harvest The Journal of surgical research Medium 9695742
1997 The LBP gene contains 14–15 exons spanning ~28.5 kb, with a 2-kb promoter containing acute-phase response elements. The LPS-binding motif is encoded in exons 3 and 4. Genomic organization is highly conserved with PLTP (and BPI), indicating a common ancestral lipid-binding gene family, with a shared C-terminal octapeptide important for anchoring in lipoprotein particles. Genomic DNA sequencing and exon-intron organization mapping; sequence comparison with PLTP, CETP, BPI Genomics / Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9240454 9441745

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved. The Journal of biological chemistry 478 12594207
2016 Reconstruction of LPS Transfer Cascade Reveals Structural Determinants within LBP, CD14, and TLR4-MD2 for Efficient LPS Recognition and Transfer. Immunity 345 27986454
2003 Involution of the mouse mammary gland is associated with an immune cascade and an acute-phase response, involving LBP, CD14 and STAT3. Breast cancer research : BCR 302 14979920
2012 Non-selective betablocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology 258 23262249
2005 Modulatory effects of sCD14 and LBP on LPS-host cell interactions. Journal of endotoxin research 236 16176659
2013 Determinants of serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in the adult population: the role of obesity. PloS one 182 23349936
2011 Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as a marker of obesity-related insulin resistance. International journal of obesity (2005) 175 22184060
2003 Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP): structure, function and regulation in host defence against Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical Society transactions 162 12887306
1992 Function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) and CD14, the receptor for LPS/LBP complexes: a short review. Research in immunology 122 1373512
1998 The BPI/LBP family of proteins: a structural analysis of conserved regions. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 118 9568897
2004 Toll-like receptor 4 functions intracellularly in human coronary artery endothelial cells: roles of LBP and sCD14 in mediating LPS responses. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 117 15132988
2007 Lipopolysaccharide disrupts tight junctions in cholangiocyte monolayers by a c-Src-, TLR4-, and LBP-dependent mechanism. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 109 17446308
2004 Meet the relatives: a family of BPI- and LBP-related proteins. Trends in immunology 108 15106612
2002 Cytokine induction by purified lipoteichoic acids from various bacterial species--role of LBP, sCD14, CD14 and failure to induce IL-12 and subsequent IFN-gamma release. European journal of immunology 108 11828371
2017 Dynamic lipopolysaccharide transfer cascade to TLR4/MD2 complex via LBP and CD14. BMB reports 106 28115037
2014 Overfeeding increases postprandial endotoxemia in men: Inflammatory outcome may depend on LPS transporters LBP and sCD14. Molecular nutrition & food research 100 24687809
2011 Soluble CD14 subtype presepsin (sCD14-ST) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in neonatal sepsis: new clinical and analytical perspectives for two old biomarkers. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 93 21740312
2013 Human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and CD14 independently deliver triacylated lipoproteins to Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 and enhance formation of the ternary signaling complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 23430250
1999 A novel acute-phase marker: lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 87 10353471
2002 Novel laminin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, Lbp, is involved in adhesion to epithelial cells. Infection and immunity 84 11796638
2011 In Critically Ill Patients, Serum Procalcitonin Is More Useful in Differentiating between Sepsis and SIRS than CRP, Il-6, or LBP. Critical care research and practice 83 21687569
1999 Monoclonal antibodies to murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) protect mice from lethal endotoxemia by blocking either the binding of LPS to LBP or the presentation of LPS/LBP complexes to CD14. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 72 10358200
2000 Cloning of factors related to HIV-inducible LBP proteins that regulate steroidogenic factor-1-independent human placental transcription of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 10644752
2000 The transcriptional factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene on chromosome 12 is a genetic determinant of Alzheimer's disease. Human molecular genetics 63 11001930
2011 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with or without stable coronary artery disease--results from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study (LURIC). Atherosclerosis 61 21722903
2011 LBP/BPI proteins and their relatives: conservation over evolution and roles in mutualism. Biochemical Society transactions 61 21787344
2005 LBP and CD14 secreted in tears by the lacrimal glands modulate the LPS response of corneal epithelial cells. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 61 16249503
1997 Similar organization of the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) genes suggests a common gene family of lipid-binding proteins. Genomics 58 9441745
2021 Effects of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Infections, Inflammatory Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Cancers. Frontiers in immunology 57 34295331
2016 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is bound and internalized by host cells and colocalizes with LPS in the cytoplasm: Implications for a role of LBP in intracellular LPS-signaling. Biochimica et biophysica acta 55 26804480
2008 Ir-LBP, an ixodes ricinus tick salivary LTB4-binding lipocalin, interferes with host neutrophil function. PloS one 55 19096526
2018 Lyciumbarbarum Polysaccharide (LBP): A Novel Prebiotics Candidate for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Frontiers in microbiology 54 29867910
1997 The genomic organization of the genes for human lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI) is highly conserved. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 54 9240454
2009 The laminin-binding protein Lbp from Streptococcus pyogenes is a zinc receptor. Journal of bacteriology 49 19617361
2005 Normal rat hepatic stellate cells respond to endotoxin in LBP-independent manner to produce inhibitor(s) of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. Journal of cellular physiology 48 15828022
2004 Cloning and analyses of a BPI/LBP cDNA of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Developmental and comparative immunology 47 14698217
2018 Biomarkers of inflammation - LBP and TLR- predict progression of knee osteoarthritis in the DOXY clinical trial. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 45 30144513
2002 Three new human members of the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein family (LT/LBP). Immunogenetics 45 12185532
2023 Gastric cancer-derived LBP promotes liver metastasis by driving intrahepatic fibrotic pre-metastatic niche formation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 44 37789385
2013 Parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein LBP/BPI protects Biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections. PLoS pathogens 44 24367257
2003 Association of the 3' UTR transcription factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF polymorphism with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 44 12555245
2002 The BSP30 salivary proteins from cattle, LUNX/PLUNC and von Ebner's minor salivary gland protein are members of the PSP/LBP superfamily of proteins. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 12427544
1990 Differential expression of laminin chains and receptor (LBP-32) in fetal and neoplastic hepatocytes compared to normal adult hepatocytes in vivo and in culture. The American journal of pathology 44 2144711
1998 LBP-p40 binds DNA tightly through associations with histones H2A, H2B, and H4. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 42 9878528
1995 A novel LBP-1-mediated restriction of HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 7836461
1998 Tissue coexpression of LBP and CD14 mRNA in a mouse model of sepsis. The Journal of surgical research 41 9695742
2005 Mapping the laminin-binding and adhesive domain of the cell surface-associated Hlp/LBP protein from Mycobacterium leprae. Microbes and infection 40 15919224
2018 Association of gut microbial communities with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in premenopausal women. The ISME journal 38 29434315
2000 Rough and smooth forms of fluorescein-labelled bacterial endotoxin exhibit CD14/LBP dependent and independent binding that is influencedby endotoxin concentration. European journal of biochemistry 38 10759844
2003 Impact of sepsis-induced changes in plasma on LPS interactions with monocytes and plasma lipoproteins: roles of soluble CD14, LBP, and acute phase lipoproteins. Journal of endotoxin research 37 12803885
1996 Analysis of nuclear localization of laminin binding protein precursor p40 (LBP/p40). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 37 8954992
2017 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) reverses the amyloid state of fibrin seen in plasma of type 2 diabetics with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Scientific reports 35 28851981
2013 Multiple unfolding pathways of leucine binding protein (LBP) probed by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). Journal of the American Chemical Society 35 24015877
2018 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) can reverse the amyloid state of fibrin seen or induced in Parkinson's disease. PloS one 34 29494603
2001 Interaction between lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and planar membranes. Biological chemistry 34 11347890
1999 Fighting infection: the role of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins CD14 and LBP. Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 34 10725789
2024 Gut microbiota dysbiosis deteriorates immunoregulatory effects of tryptophan via colonic indole and LBP/HTR2B-mediated macrophage function. The ISME journal 33 39180723
2017 Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharide (LBP) Reduces Glucose Uptake via Down-Regulation of SGLT-1 in Caco2 Cell. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 33 28241438
2005 Non-LPS targets and actions of LPS binding protein (LBP). Journal of endotoxin research 33 16176661
2004 Defective extraembryonic angiogenesis in mice lacking LBP-1a, a member of the grainyhead family of transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 33 15282311
2003 Molecular cloning of a novel bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (BPI/LBP) from common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and its expression. Molecular immunology 33 12943799
2015 Cloning and characterization of two lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) genes from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with diversified function in modulating ROS production. Developmental and comparative immunology 31 25956196
2004 Cell activation by Toll-like receptors: role of LBP and CD14. Journal of endotoxin research 31 15588424
1993 Plasma levels of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) during hemodialysis. Clinical nephrology 31 7507806
2016 Reliability of plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) from repeated measures in healthy adults. Cancer causes & control : CCC 30 27392432
2014 LBP-4a improves insulin resistance via translocation and activation of GLUT4 in OLETF rats. Food & function 29 24577527
2003 The role of membrane-bound LBP, endotoxin aggregates, and the MaxiK channel in LPS-induced cell activation. Journal of endotoxin research 29 12831460
2001 Genetic association of an LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene polymorphism with late onset Alzheimer's disease. Journal of medical genetics 29 11283204
1999 The nonintegrin laminin binding protein (p67 LBP) is expressed on a subset of activated human T lymphocytes and, together with the integrin very late activation antigen-6, mediates avid cellular adherence to laminin. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 29 10477615
2019 LBP reduces theinflammatory injuryof kidney in septic rat and regulates the Keap1-Nrf2∕ARE signaling pathway1. Acta cirurgica brasileira 28 30785504
2011 Ovocalyxin-36 and other LBP/BPI/PLUNC-like proteins as molecular actors of the mechanisms of the avian egg natural defences. Biochemical Society transactions 28 21787332
2010 Identification and characterisation of the BPI/LBP/PLUNC-like gene repertoire in chickens reveals the absence of a LBP gene. Developmental and comparative immunology 28 20959152
2001 Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and markers of acute-phase response in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following open heart surgery. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 28 11605136
2011 LBP and CD14 polymorphisms correlate with increased colorectal carcinoma risk in Han Chinese. World journal of gastroenterology 27 21633598
1998 The induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by the loss of LBP-p40. Cell death and differentiation 27 10200442
2014 The macrophage LBP gene is an LXR target that promotes macrophage survival and atherosclerosis. Journal of lipid research 26 24671012
2016 Serum LBP Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Women with PCOS. PloS one 25 26799617
2014 Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from olive flounder lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI). Marine drugs 25 25329706
1998 Pulmonary LPS-binding protein (LBP) upregulation following LPS-mediated injury. The Journal of surgical research 25 9733616
2023 Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Levels Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Adipose Inflammation in Human Obesity. International journal of molecular sciences 24 38139003
2021 Maternal Plasma and Amniotic Fluid LBP, Pentraxin 3, Resistin, and IGFBP-3: Biomarkers of Microbial Invasion of Amniotic Cavity and/or Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Journal of Korean medical science 23 34783213
2015 The LBP/BPI multigenic family in invertebrates: Evolutionary history and evidences of specialization in mollusks. Developmental and comparative immunology 23 26608112
2003 Inhibition of LPS-responses by synthetic peptides derived from LBP associates with the ability of the peptides to block LBP-LPS interaction. Journal of endotoxin research 23 14577844
2015 LBP/BPI homologue in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Developmental and comparative immunology 22 26297397
2013 Identification and expression analysis on bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI)/lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) of ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. Fish & shellfish immunology 22 23742867
2009 A common haplotype of the LBP gene predisposes to severe sepsis. Critical care medicine 22 19707138
2006 mRNA expression patterns of the BPI/LBP molecule in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fish & shellfish immunology 21 17442589
2004 LBP proteins modulate SF1-independent expression of P450scc in human placental JEG-3 cells. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 21 15471945
2020 Hepatic expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (Lbp) is induced by the gut microbiota through Myd88 and impairs glucose tolerance in mice independent of obesity. Molecular metabolism 19 32305515
2003 Cleavage of CD14 and LBP by a protease from Prevotella intermedia. Archives of microbiology 19 12728301
1995 Reactivity of murine and human recombinant LPS-binding protein (LBP) within LPS and gram negative bacteria. Journal of inflammation 19 9144073
2009 Molecular cloning and characterization of LPS-binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) from olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 18 19698997
2001 CD14 and LBP in endotoxemia and infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of endotoxin research 18 11753213
1997 Control of transcriptional activation of the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) gene by proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy 18 9287245
1997 The transcriptional activation pattern of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) involving transcription factors AP-1 and C/EBP beta. Immunobiology 18 9442384
1991 Expression of laminin and its receptor LBP-32 in human and rat hepatoma cells. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 18 1847349
2023 Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, serum levels of BDNF and LBP in overweight/obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial. Nutritional neuroscience 17 37436939
2016 Rosuvastatin Decreases Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP), but Does Not Alter Zonulin or Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) Levels, in HIV-Infected Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy. Pathogens & immunity 17 27500282
2024 Loss of LBP triggers lipid metabolic disorder through H3K27 acetylation-mediated C/EBPβ- SCD activation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Zoological research 16 38114435
1998 Roles for LBP and soluble CD14 in cellular uptake of LPS. Progress in clinical and biological research 16 9575548

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