Affinage

KPNA1

Importin subunit alpha-5 · UniProt P52294

Round 2 corrected
Length
538 aa
Mass
60.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
61 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

KPNA1 (importin subunit alpha-5/NPI-1) is a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) receptor that mediates nuclear import of diverse cargoes—including STAT1, influenza NP, HIV-1 Vpr, EBNA-1, RAG-1, and PKM2—by recognizing NLS peptides through a conserved groove formed by its tandem armadillo (ARM) repeat superhelix (PMID:9695948, PMID:22110766, PMID:23178880). KPNA1 is a critical node in innate immune signaling because it selectively transports tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (PY-STAT1) to the nucleus; multiple viral proteins (Ebola VP24, PEDV nsp7, SVV 3Cpro) exploit this dependency by competitively blocking or degrading KPNA1 to antagonize interferon-induced JAK-STAT signaling (PMID:16698996, PMID:35442061, PMID:37819133). Beyond canonical nuclear import, KPNA1 localizes to neuronal axons independently of importin-β1 and undergoes bidirectional endosomal transport; Kpna1-knockout mice display anxiety, memory, and sensorimotor gating deficits, and a psychiatric disorder-associated truncation mutant (E448X) is excluded from axons, linking KPNA1's axonal role to neuropsychiatric phenotypes (PMID:40010609, PMID:34767585).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Identification of KPNA1 as the human homolog of yeast SRP1 and demonstration of its direct interaction with RAG-1 through ARM repeats established it as a candidate nuclear import receptor with cargo specificity.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, deletion mapping, and co-immunoprecipitation from transfected 293T cells

    PMID:8052633

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction shown only by overexpression Co-IP, no endogenous validation
    • No nuclear import assay performed
    • Functional consequence of RAG-1 binding on V(D)J recombination not tested
  2. 1995 High

    Demonstrating that KPNA1 binds influenza NP both in vitro and in virus-infected cells established it as a bona fide nuclear import receptor exploited by pathogens.

    Evidence GST pulldown with purified NP and co-immunoprecipitation from influenza-infected MDBK cells

    PMID:7831767

    Open questions at the time
    • No reconstituted nuclear import assay with purified components
    • NLS motif on NP not yet mapped
  3. 1997 High

    Alanine scanning mutagenesis of influenza NP identified nonconventional NLS motifs (SxGTKRSYxxM and TKRSxxxM) required for KPNA1 binding, revealing that KPNA1 recognizes NLS sequences beyond the classical monopartite/bipartite consensus.

    Evidence Mutagenesis with functional NLS-fusion localization assays in HeLa cells

    PMID:9032315

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for nonconventional NLS recognition not resolved
    • Whether these motifs are recognized by other importin-α isoforms not tested
  4. 1998 High

    The crystal structure of the yeast ortholog (Srp1) revealed the ARM repeat superhelix architecture and defined the NLS-binding groove, providing the structural framework for understanding how KPNA1 recognizes classical NLS peptides at major and minor sites.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 2.2 Å (apo) and 2.8 Å (NLS-bound) resolution

    PMID:9695948

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure is of yeast Srp1, not human KPNA1 directly
    • No structure with full-length cargo
  5. 2006 High

    Discovery that Ebola VP24 specifically binds KPNA1 (but not KPNA2/3/4) and competitively displaces PY-STAT1 revealed that KPNA1 is the selective nuclear import receptor for activated STAT1 and a key target for viral immune evasion.

    Evidence Isoform-specific co-immunoprecipitation, IFN-induced gene expression reporter assays, and EBNA-1 phosphorylation-dependent binding studies

    PMID:16439554 PMID:16698996

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for VP24–KPNA1 selectivity over other importin-α isoforms not yet determined
    • Physiological role of KPNA1 specificity for PY-STAT1 vs. other importin-α family members in normal IFN signaling not resolved
  6. 2007 High

    Showing that VP24 proteins from multiple Ebola species all target the C-terminal region of the NPI-1 subfamily (KPNA1, KPNA5, KPNA6) established that viral antagonism of the KPNA1–STAT1 axis is an evolutionarily conserved immune evasion strategy.

    Evidence Endogenous co-immunoprecipitation, VP24 mutational analysis, and IFN-β reporter assays across Zaire, mouse-adapted, and Reston VP24 variants

    PMID:17928350

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise residues on KPNA1 that form the VP24 interface not mapped
    • Whether VP24 binding also affects non-STAT1 cargoes of KPNA1 unknown
  7. 2011 High

    Reconstituted nuclear import assays demonstrated that HIV-1 Vpr is selectively imported by KPNA1 via the ninth ARM repeat, and that CAS-mediated cargo release is uniquely efficient for KPNA1, explaining isoform-selective import of Vpr.

    Evidence Digitonin-permeabilized cell import assay, surface plasmon resonance, CAS knockdown by siRNA

    PMID:22110766

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of CAS selectivity for KPNA1-Vpr release not validated
    • No structural model of Vpr–KPNA1 complex
  8. 2012 High

    Linking ERK2-phosphorylated PKM2 nuclear import to KPNA1 expanded its cargo repertoire to metabolic enzymes and connected KPNA1-mediated transport to the Warburg effect and brain tumorigenesis.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, S37A mutagenesis abolishing KPNA1 binding, mouse brain tumor xenograft model

    PMID:23178880

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PKM2 uses KPNA1 exclusively or redundantly with other importin-α isoforms not determined
    • Mechanism by which PIN1 isomerization exposes the NLS for KPNA1 recognition not structurally resolved
  9. 2021 Medium

    Kpna1-knockout mice revealed an in vivo neuronal function: loss of KPNA1 produces decreased anxiety, impaired short-term memory, defective sensorimotor gating, and altered stress hormone and cytokine levels, establishing KPNA1 as a regulator of neuropsychiatric-relevant behaviors.

    Evidence Kpna1 KO mouse behavioral battery (EPM, NOR, PPI, forced swim) and plasma corticosterone/CXCL5 measurements

    PMID:34767585

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular cargo(es) responsible for neuronal phenotypes not identified
    • No cell-type-specific deletion to distinguish neuronal vs. systemic contributions
    • No rescue experiments performed
  10. 2022 High

    Demonstration that PEDV nsp7 competitively sequesters STAT1/STAT2 away from KPNA1 and that SVV 3Cpro degrades KPNA1 directly confirmed that the KPNA1–STAT1 transport axis is a convergent target of diverse viral IFN-evasion strategies beyond Ebola.

    Evidence Competitive co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear translocation and IFN-stimulated gene reporter assays, protein degradation assays

    PMID:35442061 PMID:37819133

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether KPNA1 degradation by SVV 3Cpro is proteasome-dependent or direct cleavage not fully resolved
    • Impact on non-STAT1 cargoes during viral infection not assessed
  11. 2025 High

    Live imaging in neurons revealed that axonal KPNA1 is largely free of importin-β1 and co-migrates with endosomal markers, uncovering a non-canonical, endosome-associated axonal transport function; the psychiatric disorder-linked E448X truncation mutant fails to reach axons, directly linking axonal KPNA1 to neuropsychiatric phenotypes.

    Evidence Live-cell fluorescence imaging, FRAP, co-migration with organelle markers, rescue of axonal localization by NES addition to E448X mutant

    PMID:40010609

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of axonal cargo(es) transported by KPNA1 via endosomes unknown
    • Whether the E448X variant is causative for psychiatric disease in humans requires genetic studies
    • Mechanism coupling KPNA1 to endosomal transport machinery not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the identity of neuronal cargoes whose nuclear import or axonal transport depends on KPNA1, the structural basis for isoform-selective recognition of PY-STAT1 and viral antagonists, and whether KPNA1's endosomal axonal transport function contributes to the neuropsychiatric phenotypes seen in knockout mice.
  • No high-resolution structure of human KPNA1 with PY-STAT1 or VP24
  • Axonal cargo identity unknown
  • Cell-type-specific conditional KO studies lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 8 GO:0038024 cargo receptor activity 4
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4
Partners
CSE1LEBNA1NPPKM2RAG1STAT1VP24VPR

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 Human KPNA1 (human SRP1/NPI-1), identified as the human homolog of yeast SRP1, directly interacts with RAG-1 through four ARM repeat units in KPNA1, and co-immunoprecipitates from co-transfected 293T cells, suggesting KPNA1 helps localize RAG-1 near the nuclear envelope. Yeast two-hybrid screen, deletion analysis, co-immunoprecipitation from transfected 293T cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 8052633
1995 KPNA1 (NPI-1), identified as the human homolog of yeast SRP1, physically interacts with influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP); NP can be co-precipitated by GST-NPI-1 fusion protein in vitro and co-immunoprecipitated from influenza-infected MDBK cells, indicating NPI-1 acts as a nuclear transport receptor for influenza NP. GST pulldown with purified viral NP, co-immunoprecipitation from virus-infected cells Virology High 7831767
1996 Mouse KPNA1 (mSrp1) and its paralog pendulin each bind the B-box NLS of human LEF-1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay; the two Srp1 proteins show distinct tissue-specific expression, suggesting functional specialization in nuclear import of transcription factors. Yeast two-hybrid screen, deletion analysis, Northern blot for expression The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8631802
1997 KPNA1 (NPI-1) binds the influenza A virus nucleoprotein NP through nonconventional NLS motifs SxGTKRSYxxM and TKRSxxxM; alanine scanning mutagenesis identified these sequences as necessary for NPI-1 binding and sufficient for nuclear localization signal activity when expressed as fusion proteins in HeLa cells. Yeast two-hybrid mutational analysis, alanine scanning mutagenesis, NLS fusion protein nuclear localization assay in HeLa cells Journal of virology High 9032315
1998 Crystal structure of the yeast karyopherin alpha (Srp1/importin-α, ortholog of KPNA1) at 2.2 Å (apo) and 2.8 Å (NLS-bound) resolution reveals ten tandem armadillo (ARM) repeats forming a right-handed superhelix; NLS peptide binds at two sites in a helical surface groove lined by conserved residues, defining the structural basis for classical NLS recognition. X-ray crystallography at 2.2 Å and 2.8 Å resolution Cell High 9695948
2000 Karyopherin alpha1 (KPNA1/hSRP1/NPI-1) interacts with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1); interaction confirmed by GST pulldown in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation from B-cell extracts with anti-EBNA-1 antibodies, identifying KPNA1 as one of two karyopherin alpha proteins that mediate nuclear import of EBNA-1. Yeast two-hybrid screening, GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation from B-cell line extracts Virology Medium 10612665
2006 Ebola virus VP24 protein specifically binds karyopherin alpha1 (KPNA1) but not karyopherin alpha2, alpha3, or alpha4; VP24 binding to KPNA1 displaces the nuclear localization signal receptor for tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (PY-STAT1), thereby blocking IFN-induced nuclear accumulation of PY-STAT1 and inhibiting IFN signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression and loss-of-function assays, IFN-induced gene expression reporter assays Journal of virology High 16698996
2006 Nuclear import of EBNA-1 is mediated by NPI-1 (KPNA1/importin alpha5); Ser385 phosphorylation of the EBNA-1 NLS increases its binding affinity to NPI-1 and upregulates nuclear import efficiency, while phosphorylation of Ser386 and Ser383 reduces binding and downregulates import. Lys379 and Arg380 are essential residues for EBNA-1 NLS function. Microinjection of NLS peptide-BSA conjugates, GFP-EBNA1 transfection with phosphomimetic/Ala substitution mutants, binding assays with NPI-1/Rch1/Qip1 Journal of virology High 16439554
2007 Ebola VP24 proteins from Zaire, mouse-adapted Zaire, and Reston strains each inhibit the interaction of PY-STAT1 with the NPI-1 subfamily of karyopherin alphas (karyopherin alpha1/KPNA1, alpha5, and alpha6), by binding within the PY-STAT1 binding region at the C terminus of these karyopherins; this IFN-evasion mechanism is conserved across Ebola virus species. Co-immunoprecipitation with endogenous and overexpressed karyopherins, mutational analysis of VP24 binding region, IFN-beta-induced gene expression assay Journal of virology High 17928350
2008 Endogenous NPI-1 subfamily members (importin alpha5/KPNA1 and importin alpha7) localize predominantly to the cytoplasm in resting HeLa cells but accumulate in the nucleus in response to oxidative stress (H2O2 treatment), as determined by immunofluorescence using the specific monoclonal antibody MAb 2D9 that recognizes the ARM motif. Monoclonal antibody generation, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, epitope mapping with deletion mutants Hybridoma Medium 18707546
2011 Full-length HIV-1 Vpr is selectively imported into the nucleus by NPI-1 (KPNA1/importin alpha5) but not by Rch1 or Qip1; Vpr binds preferentially to the ninth ARM repeat region of importin alpha isoforms. In the presence of CAS (nuclear export receptor for importin alpha), Vpr is released from the Vpr/NPI-1 complex but not from Rch1 or Qip1, and CAS knockdown greatly reduces NPI-1-mediated nuclear import of Vpr. Nuclear import assay in digitonin-permeabilized cells, surface plasmon resonance binding assay, CAS knockdown with siRNA, co-IP PloS one High 22110766
2012 ERK2-phosphorylated PKM2 (at Ser37) recruits PIN1 for cis-trans isomerization, which promotes PKM2 binding to importin alpha5 (KPNA1) and nuclear translocation; a nuclear translocation-deficient PKM2 S37A mutant blocks EGFR-promoted Warburg effect and brain tumor development in mice. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis (S37A), mouse brain tumor model, in vitro kinase assay Nature cell biology High 23178880
2016 Prototype foamy virus transactivator Bel1 is imported into the nucleus via KPNA1 (importin alpha5/karyopherin alpha1), KPNA6, and KPNA7; the NLS mapped to residues 215PRQKRPR221 with K218, R219, and R221 essential; GST pulldown confirmed direct binding of the Bel1 NLS peptide to KPNA1, and in vitro nuclear import assays demonstrated KPNA1-dependent nuclear localization of Bel1. [Note: this paper was subsequently retracted due to reproducibility issues — PMID:28098867] GFP-GST fusion localization assay, point mutagenesis, GST pulldown, in vitro nuclear import assay International journal of molecular medicine Low 27277550
2021 Kpna1 knockout mice display decreased anxiety-like behavior, short-term memory deficits, and impaired sensorimotor gating; in combination with adolescent social isolation stress, Kpna1 deletion further produces impaired aversive learning and increased depression-like behavior, with significant alterations in plasma corticosterone and CXCL5 levels, establishing KPNA1 as a regulator of neuronal function and psychiatric disorder-related behavior. Kpna1 knockout mouse behavioral battery (elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, prepulse inhibition, inhibitory avoidance, forced swim test), plasma cytokine/hormone measurements PloS one Medium 34767585
2022 PEDV nonstructural protein nsp7 antagonizes IFN-α-induced JAK-STAT signaling by directly interacting with the DNA-binding domain of STAT1/STAT2, which competitively sequesters the interaction between KPNA1 and STAT1, thereby blocking nuclear translocation of the ISGF3 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, STAT1/STAT2 nuclear translocation assays, competitive binding assays, IFN-stimulated gene expression reporter assays Journal of virology High 35442061
2023 Seneca Valley virus 3C protease (3Cpro) degrades karyopherin alpha1 (KPNA1) to block nuclear translocation of the ISGF3 complex (STAT1-STAT2-IRF9), antagonizing type I IFN signaling; 3Cpro also cleaves STAT2 directly. Protein degradation assay, nuclear translocation assay, IFN signaling reporter assay Journal of virology Medium 37819133
2024 Kpna1-deficient mice treated with subchronic phencyclidine exhibit schizophrenia-like behavioral vulnerability; microarray analysis of the nucleus accumbens revealed gene-environment interaction-dependent alterations in dopamine D1/D2 receptors, an RNA editing enzyme, and a cytoplasmic dynein component, implicating KPNA1 in neuronal signaling pathways relevant to psychiatric disorders. Kpna1 knockout mouse model, phencyclidine administration, behavioral assays, microarray gene expression analysis of nucleus accumbens Scientific reports Medium 38336912
2025 KPNA1 is present in axons of neurons and undergoes bidirectional motility with fluctuating motion; axonal KPNA1 largely does not form a complex with importin beta1 (KPNB1) under steady-state conditions, and co-migrates partly with endosome/lysosome-associated factors, indicating KPNA1 participates in axonal transport via an endosomal mechanism. The psychiatric disorder-associated truncation mutant KPNA1E448X is predominantly nuclear and absent from axons; re-introduction of a nuclear export signal (KPNA1E448X-NES) rescues its axonal localization and dynamics. Live-cell fluorescence imaging in neurons, FRAP, co-migration analysis with organelle markers, mutant KPNA1 expression The Journal of biological chemistry High 40010609

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 61 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2016 ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure. Cell 1233 26777405
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2012 ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 promotes the Warburg effect. Nature cell biology 769 23178880
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
1994 The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 736 8041786
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
1993 A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells. Nature 708 8105392
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
1998 Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha. Cell 685 9695948
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2006 A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. Cell 610 16713569
2020 Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science (New York, N.Y.) 564 33060197
1992 Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 513 1631159
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
1997 HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 415 9275210
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2007 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane. Journal of virology 408 17596301
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2006 Ebola virus VP24 binds karyopherin alpha1 and blocks STAT1 nuclear accumulation. Journal of virology 378 16698996
2009 Mammalian BTBD12/SLX4 assembles a Holliday junction resolvase and is required for DNA repair. Cell 375 19596235
2007 Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme. Molecular cell 367 17643375
2007 Ebola virus VP24 proteins inhibit the interaction of NPI-1 subfamily karyopherin alpha proteins with activated STAT1. Journal of virology 215 17928350
1997 The NPI-1/NPI-3 (karyopherin alpha) binding site on the influenza a virus nucleoprotein NP is a nonconventional nuclear localization signal. Journal of virology 211 9032315
1992 Cloning and characterization of SRP1, a suppressor of temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutations, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 180 1448093
1994 RAG-1 interacts with the repeated amino acid motif of the human homologue of the yeast protein SRP1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 170 8052633
1995 NPI-1, the human homolog of SRP-1, interacts with influenza virus nucleoprotein. Virology 140 7831767
1996 The nuclear localization signal of lymphoid enhancer factor-1 is recognized by two differentially expressed Srp1-nuclear localization sequence receptor proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 94 8631802
1995 Yeast Srp1, a nuclear protein related to Drosophila and mouse pendulin, is required for normal migration, division, and integrity of nuclei during mitosis. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 52 7565597
2006 Nuclear import of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 mediated by NPI-1 (Importin alpha5) is up- and down-regulated by phosphorylation of the nuclear localization signal for which Lys379 and Arg380 are essential. Journal of virology 48 16439554
1988 Yeast gene SRP1 (serine-rich protein). Intragenic repeat structure and identification of a family of SRP1-related DNA sequences. Journal of molecular biology 39 3139887
1998 Identification and characterization of srp1, a gene of fission yeast encoding a RNA binding domain and a RS domain typical of SR splicing factors. Nucleic acids research 37 9421507
1995 Isolation of a yeast protein kinase that is activated by the protein encoded by SRP1 (Srp1p) and phosphorylates Srp1p complexed with nuclear localization signal peptides. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 35 7761467
2017 Mechanisms of Chromium and Uranium Toxicity in Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2 Grown under Anaerobic Nitrate-Reducing Conditions. Frontiers in microbiology 28 28848534
2000 Epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-1 binds to nuclear transporter karyopherin alpha1/NPI-1 in addition to karyopherin alpha2/Rch1. Virology 28 10612665
2022 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp7 Inhibits Interferon-Induced JAK-STAT Signaling through Sequestering the Interaction between KPNA1 and STAT1. Journal of virology 27 35442061
1997 Isolation and mapping of karyopherin alpha 3 (KPNA3), a human gene that is highly homologous to genes encoding Xenopus importin, yeast SRP1 and human RCH1. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 23 9154134
2000 A Rox1-independent hypoxic pathway in yeast. Antagonistic action of the repressor Ord1 and activator Yap1 for hypoxic expression of the SRP1/TIR1 gene. Molecular microbiology 21 11115121
2011 Nuclear exportin receptor CAS regulates the NPI-1-mediated nuclear import of HIV-1 Vpr. PloS one 19 22110766
2013 Investigation of rare variants in LRP1, KPNA1, ALS2CL and ZNF480 genes in schizophrenia patients reflects genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Behavioral and brain functions : BBF 18 23425335
2023 Seneca Valley virus 3Cpro antagonizes type I interferon response by targeting STAT1-STAT2-IRF9 and KPNA1 signals. Journal of virology 17 37819133
2014 Yeast importin-α (Srp1) performs distinct roles in the import of nuclear proteins and in targeting proteasomes to the nucleus. The Journal of biological chemistry 16 25274630
2013 Nuclear import factor Srp1 and its associated protein Sts1 couple ribosome-bound nascent polypeptides to proteasomes for cotranslational degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 14 24338021
2021 Effects of Importin α1/KPNA1 deletion and adolescent social isolation stress on psychiatric disorder-associated behaviors in mice. PloS one 13 34767585
2017 Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2 isolated from a Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated site. Standards in genomic sciences 10 28194258
2000 At acidic pH, the diminished hypoxic expression of the SRP1/TIR1 yeast gene depends on the GPA2-cAMP and HOG pathways. Research in microbiology 8 10724483
2008 Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against NPI-1 subfamily of importin alpha. Hybridoma (2005) 6 18707546
1988 Gene cloning from yeast chromosome-specific mini-library. Isolation of the SRP1-related DNA sequence located on chromosome XV. FEBS letters 6 2839375
2024 A Kpna1-deficient psychotropic drug-induced schizophrenia model mouse for studying gene-environment interactions. Scientific reports 2 38336912
2001 At acidic pH, the GPA2-cAMP pathway is necessary to counteract the ORD1-mediated repression of the hypoxic SRP1/TIR1 yeast gene. Yeast (Chichester, England) 2 11427966
2017 [Retracted] Nuclear import of prototype foamy virus transactivator Bel1 is mediated by KPNA1, KPNA6 and KPNA7. International journal of molecular medicine 1 28098867
2016 Nuclear import of prototype foamy virus transactivator Bel1 is mediated by KPNA1, KPNA6 and KPNA7. International journal of molecular medicine 1 27277550
2025 Direct observation of importin α family member KPNA1 in axonal transport with or without a schizophrenia-related mutation. The Journal of biological chemistry 0 40010609