Affinage

ITPKB

Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B · UniProt P27987

Length
946 aa
Mass
102.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
19 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ITPKB is an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) 3-kinase that converts IP3 to IP4, positioning it as a central regulator of cellular calcium signaling and downstream lipid-signaling pathways (PMID:17417640). By depleting IP3, ITPKB limits ER calcium release, and its product IP4 directly inhibits store-operated calcium entry through the Orai1/Stim1 channel in lymphocytes (PMID:17417640, PMID:26121493); IP4 also acts as a soluble antagonist of the PI3K product PIP3, restraining Akt/mTOR signaling and metabolic activation during thymocyte development (PMID:26880557). Through this calcium-restraining activity ITPKB regulates immune cell selection, activation, and survival, with its loss elevating intracellular calcium to drive FasL/Bim-dependent T cell apoptosis (PMID:26121493). Beyond catalysis, ITPKB carries an N-terminal F-actin-binding domain (aa 108–170) that binds F-actin but not G-actin and requires intact secondary structure (PMID:15130091), and this domain coincides with a single multitargeting region (aa 104–165) housing an exportin-1-dependent NES and an NLS that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and nuclear envelope enrichment (PMID:21148483). In neurons, ITPKB inactivates IP3 to suppress ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer, preventing mitochondrial calcium overload and preserving autophagy initiation to limit α-synuclein aggregation (PMID:33443159). ITPKB activity and abundance are themselves regulated: CAMK2G directly phosphorylates ITPKB at Ser174 in response to ROS to modulate its enzymatic activity and ROS homeostasis (PMID:35039634), and the E3 ligase Trim25 ubiquitinates ITPKB to drive its proteasomal degradation (PMID:38438346).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2004 High

    Established that ITPKB is not solely a soluble enzyme but is targeted to the cytoskeleton, defining a discrete N-terminal F-actin-binding module distinct from its catalytic domain.

    Evidence Confocal imaging of EGFP fragments, in vitro F-actin co-sedimentation with GST fusions, and helix-breaking mutagenesis

    PMID:15130091

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of actin binding for IP3 phosphorylation not resolved
    • No structure of the actin-bound complex
  2. 2007 High

    Answered how ITPKB controls calcium entry by showing its enzymatic product IP4 directly inhibits store-operated calcium channels, linking ITPKB to B cell selection and activation.

    Evidence Itpkb knockout mice with BCR stimulation and exogenous IP4 rescue

    PMID:17417640

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of IP4 on the SOC complex not identified at this stage
    • Channel subunit interaction not structurally defined
  3. 2010 High

    Showed ITPKB shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm via an exportin-1-dependent NES and an adjacent NLS that overlap the actin-binding domain, defining a single multitargeting domain and implicating nuclear calcium signaling.

    Evidence NES/NLS mutagenesis, leptomycin B inhibition, live-cell imaging, and subcellular fractionation

    PMID:21148483

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of nuclear envelope enrichment not established
    • Signals governing shuttling dynamics unknown
  4. 2015 High

    Extended ITPKB's calcium-channel control to mature T cells and demonstrated that its loss triggers calcium-driven apoptosis, validating ITPKB as an immunomodulatory drug target.

    Evidence Conditional Itpkb knockout, small-molecule inhibitors, calcium and apoptosis assays, in vivo arthritis model

    PMID:26121493

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type specificity of the apoptotic threshold not delineated
  5. 2015 Medium

    Dissected the dual mechanism by which ITPKB restrains neurite outgrowth, separating contributions of F-actin binding from catalytic activity.

    Evidence PC12 overexpression of wild-type versus kinase-dead Itpkb with neurite length quantification

    PMID:25892505

    Open questions at the time
    • Overexpression model may not reflect endogenous stoichiometry
    • Relative weighting of the two mechanisms in vivo unclear
  6. 2016 High

    Placed ITPKB epistatically upstream of PI3K/Akt by showing IP4 antagonizes PIP3 to dampen Akt/mTOR signaling during β-selection, connecting calcium-pathway enzymology to lymphocyte metabolism.

    Evidence Itpkb knockout thymocytes with genetic epistasis against Akt/mTOR/glucose-metabolism inhibitors

    PMID:26880557

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biophysical IP4–PIP3 competition at effectors not measured here
  7. 2016 Medium

    Identified ITPKB as a target of miR-132 whose derepression drives ERK1/2, BACE1, and TAU phosphorylation, linking ITPKB dosage to Alzheimer-type pathology.

    Evidence miR-132 knockout AD mouse model, ITPKB perturbation, ERK/BACE1 activity and TAU readouts, human cohort validation

    PMID:27485122

    Open questions at the time
    • Link from ITPKB to ERK/BACE1 is correlative
    • Mechanism connecting IP4 to BACE1 activity undefined
  8. 2019 Medium

    Showed microglial miR-711 suppression of Itpkb reduces Tau phosphorylation and shifts microglia toward an M2 phenotype, demonstrating an extracellular-vesicle-deliverable route to modulate ITPKB in neurodegeneration.

    Evidence miR-711 overexpression in BV2 microglia, EV injection in rmTBI mice, Tau and microglial phenotype readouts

    PMID:33240878

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism from Itpkb to Tau phosphorylation inferred from knockdown
    • Microglia-to-neuron signaling step not fully resolved
  9. 2019 Medium

    Uncovered a non-canonical role in which ITPKB loss stabilizes PARP1 to co-activate NF-κB, driving IL-8 secretion and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in renal cancer.

    Evidence Luciferase reporters, PARP1 ubiquitination assays, NF-κB and IL-8 readouts, in vivo NET disruption with DNase1

    PMID:41611162

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which ITPKB promotes PARP1 ubiquitination not defined
    • Whether this is catalytic-activity dependent unknown
  10. 2018 Medium

    Tested ITPKB's tumor-relevant functions, confirming Ca2+-dependent control of transmigration while showing actin bundling does not alter cellular actin structure and ITPKB does not suppress dissemination in vivo.

    Evidence Cell-free actin bundling, stable ITPKB expression in H1299 cells, transmigration/colony assays, in vivo dissemination model

    PMID:29871874

    Open questions at the time
    • Discrepancy between in vitro actin bundling and lack of cellular actin effect unexplained
    • Negative in vivo result limits tumor-suppressor interpretation
  11. 2021 High

    Established ITPKB as a guardian against mitochondrial calcium overload, showing it inactivates IP3 to limit ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer, preserve autophagy, and suppress α-synuclein aggregation.

    Evidence ITPKB knockdown/overexpression in primary neurons, PFF treatment, mitochondrial calcium and autophagy assays, MCU inhibitor rescue

    PMID:33443159

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial coupling of ITPKB to ER-mitochondria contact sites not defined
    • Step linking autophagy block to α-synuclein accumulation incompletely mapped
  12. 2022 High

    Identified the first direct upstream regulator of ITPKB activity, showing CAMK2G phosphorylates ITPKB at Ser174 in response to ROS to modulate ROS homeostasis and cisplatin resistance.

    Evidence Kinase inhibitor screen, in vitro kinase assay, phospho-S174-specific antibody, cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in xenografts

    PMID:35039634

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of how S174 phosphorylation alters catalysis unknown
    • Whether other kinases target this site not addressed
  13. 2024 Medium

    Defined how ITPKB protein levels are controlled, showing Trim25-mediated ubiquitination drives ITPKB degradation and that reduced Trim25 activity stabilizes ITPKB to impair NOX-dependent ROS and confer temozolomide resistance.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry, ubiquitination assays, Trim25 phosphorylation analysis, ITPKB depletion, ROS/NOX assays, xenografts with ITPKB inhibitor

    PMID:38438346

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination site on ITPKB not mapped
    • Direct vs indirect Trim25–ITPKB interaction not fully validated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ITPKB integrates its catalytic, actin-binding, and nucleocytoplasmic-shuttling activities into a single spatially regulated calcium-control function across immune, neuronal, and cancer contexts remains unresolved.
  • No structure linking the multitargeting domain to catalytic regulation
  • Unclear whether disease phenotypes depend on catalysis, actin binding, or both
  • Spatial determinants of IP4 antagonism of PIP3 versus SOC inhibition not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 Itpkb converts Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, and this product inhibits store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) in B lymphocytes. Itpkb-deficient B cells showed enhanced SOC activity after BCR stimulation, which was reversed by exogenous Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, establishing ITPKB's enzymatic product as a direct inhibitor of SOC-mediated calcium entry and a regulator of B cell selection and activation. Itpkb knockout mice, BCR stimulation assays, exogenous Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 rescue experiments, immunological phenotyping Nature immunology High 17417640
2004 The N-terminal non-catalytic domain of IP3K-B (amino acids 108–170) is a discrete actin-binding domain that binds specifically to F-actin but not G-actin. Helix-breaking mutations within this segment abolished F-actin binding both in vitro and in cells, demonstrating that intact secondary structure is required for actin targeting. Confocal microscopy of EGFP-fusion fragments, in vitro F-actin co-sedimentation with bacterially expressed GST-fusion protein, site-directed mutagenesis The Biochemical journal High 15130091
2010 Human IP3KB shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm via an exportin-1 (CRM1)-dependent nuclear export signal (NES: residues 134–143, LQRELQNVQV) and a nuclear localization signal (residues 129–132, RKLR). These two signals, together with the F-actin binding activity, reside within a single multitargeting domain (MTD, aa 104–165). IP3KB is also specifically enriched at nuclear envelope invaginations in rapidly growing cells, suggesting a role in nuclear Ca2+ signaling. Mutagenesis of NES/NLS sequences, exportin-1 inhibition (leptomycin B), confocal live-cell imaging, subcellular fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 21148483
2016 Itpkb produces IP4, a soluble antagonist of the PI3K lipid product PIP3, thereby dampening pre-TCR-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling during β-selection. Itpkb-deficient thymocytes hyperactivate Akt and downstream mTOR and metabolism, enabling Notch-independent T cell development; this phenotype was reversed by pharmacological inhibition of Akt, mTOR, or glucose metabolism, establishing epistatic placement of Itpkb upstream of PI3K/Akt in thymocyte β-selection. Itpkb knockout mice, genetic epistasis with Akt/mTOR/glucose metabolism inhibitors, pre-TCR stimulation assays, metabolic activation readouts eLife High 26880557
2015 ITPKB, through its product IP4, inhibits the Orai1/Stim1 calcium channel in mature T lymphocytes. Conditional knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Itpkb in T cells elevates intracellular Ca2+, induces FasL and Bim expression, and causes T cell apoptosis. Itpkb deletion or inhibitors blocked T cell-dependent antibody responses and prevented T cell-driven arthritis in rats. Conditional Itpkb knockout mice, small-molecule Itpkb inhibitors, intracellular Ca2+ measurements, apoptosis assays (FasL/Bim induction), in vivo arthritis model PloS one High 26121493
2016 miR-132 directly represses ITPKB; loss of miR-132 leads to ITPKB upregulation, which in turn increases ERK1/2 and BACE1 activity and elevated TAU phosphorylation, exacerbating amyloid and TAU pathology in an AD mouse model. miR-132 knockout AD mouse model, ITPKB overexpression/knockdown, ERK1/2 and BACE1 activity assays, TAU phosphorylation measurements, validation in human AD patient cohorts EMBO molecular medicine Medium 27485122
2021 ITPKB inhibits ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer by inactivating IP3. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ITPKB in neurons increases intracellular Ca2+, causes mitochondrial calcium accumulation, increases mitochondrial respiration, and inhibits autophagy initiation, leading to increased phosphorylated insoluble α-synuclein pathology. Conversely, ITPKB overexpression reduced α-synuclein aggregation. Pretreatment with mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex inhibitors prevented the mitochondrial calcium and respiration effects and reduced α-synuclein pathology. ITPKB knockdown/overexpression in primary neurons, pharmacological ITPKB inhibition, α-synuclein preformed fibril (PFF) treatment, mitochondrial calcium measurements, MCU complex inhibitors, autophagy assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 33443159
2022 CAMK2G directly phosphorylates ITPKB at serine 174 in response to ROS (both basal and cisplatin-induced), and this phosphorylation directly regulates ITPKB enzymatic activity to modulate ROS homeostasis and drive cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Kinase inhibitor screen, pharmacological CAMK2G inhibition, in vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibody for ITPKB pS174, cisplatin sensitivity assays in vitro and in vivo xenograft models Oncogene High 35039634
2024 The E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim25 ubiquitinates ITPKB to promote its degradation; decreased phosphorylation of Trim25 at S100 in recurrent GBM reduces ITPKB ubiquitination, elevating ITPKB protein stability. Elevated ITPKB impairs NOX-dependent ROS production, conferring TMZ resistance. Mass spectrometry proteomics, glioma tissue arrays, Trim25 phosphorylation analysis, ubiquitination assays, ITPKB depletion in TMZ-resistant cells, ROS/NOX activity assays, xenograft mouse model with GNF362 (ITPKB inhibitor) Signal transduction and targeted therapy Medium 38438346
2015 Overexpression of Itpkb inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through two mechanisms: F-actin binding (N-terminal domain) and localized Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase catalytic activity. Kinase-dead Itpkb mutants reduced neurite length less than wild-type, confirming a contribution of catalytic activity in addition to actin binding. PC12 cell overexpression, GFP-tagged wild-type and kinase-dead Itpkb mutants, NGF-induced neurite outgrowth assays, quantitative neurite length measurements The FEBS journal Medium 25892505
2018 ITPKB bundles F-actin in cell-free systems; however, stable expression of ITPKB in H1299 lung cancer cells did not significantly affect actin structure. ITPKB negatively controls transmigration of H1299 cells in vitro by blocking Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated calcium release. Colony formation was stimulated by ITPKB independent of Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated calcium signals. ITPKB expression did not suppress dissemination of H1299 cells in NOD scid gamma mice (negative result for tumor suppressor activity in vivo). Cell-free F-actin bundling assay, stable ITPKB expression in H1299 cells, transmigration assays, colony formation assays, intracellular calcium measurements, in vivo mouse dissemination model The Biochemical journal Medium 29871874
2019 miR-711 targets and inhibits Itpkb; Itpkb inhibition represses Tau phosphorylation and increases the M2/M1 microglia ratio. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-711 delivered this suppression of Itpkb to reduce neurodegeneration in an AD mouse model. miR-711 overexpression in BV2 microglia, EV isolation and injection in rmTBI mice, Tau phosphorylation assays, microglia phenotype analysis, neurological/cognitive function tests Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 33240878
2019 Loss of ITPKB prevents ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PARP1, leading to PARP1 stabilization. Stabilized PARP1 acts as a transcriptional co-activator for NF-κB, triggering IL-8 secretion, which recruits neutrophils and induces neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, facilitating tumor cell migration and therapy resistance in ccRCC. Dual-luciferase reporter assay (miR-301b-3p targeting ITPKB), ITPKB loss-of-function, PARP1 ubiquitination assays, NF-κB transcription assays, IL-8 ELISA, in vivo NET disruption with DNase1 International journal of biological macromolecules Medium 41611162

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 19 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 miR-132 loss de-represses ITPKB and aggravates amyloid and TAU pathology in Alzheimer's brain. EMBO molecular medicine 138 27485122
2007 Production of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 mediated by the kinase Itpkb inhibits store-operated calcium channels and regulates B cell selection and activation. Nature immunology 71 17417640
2021 The Parkinson's disease-associated gene ITPKB protects against α-synuclein aggregation by regulating ER-to-mitochondria calcium release. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52 33443159
2024 Suppression of ITPKB degradation by Trim25 confers TMZ resistance in glioblastoma through ROS homeostasis. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 39 38438346
2020 Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying miR-711 Alleviate Neurodegeneration in a Murine Alzheimer's Disease Model by Binding to Itpkb. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 33 33240878
2010 Human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase isoform B (IP3KB) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein specifically enriched at cortical actin filaments and at invaginations of the nuclear envelope. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 21148483
2004 Identification of the actin-binding domain of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase isoform B (IP3K-B). The Biochemical journal 27 15130091
2022 ROS-regulated phosphorylation of ITPKB by CAMK2G drives cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 26 35039634
2012 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) controls survival, proliferation and cytokine production in mouse peripheral T cells. Advances in biological regulation 23 22981169
2017 Long noncoding RNA CCAT1 functions as a ceRNA to antagonize the effect of miR-410 on the down-regulation of ITPKB in human HCT-116 and HCT-8 cells. Oncotarget 20 29190961
2015 Inhibition of the Inositol Kinase Itpkb Augments Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes and Reveals a Novel Strategy to Treat Autoimmune Disease. PloS one 20 26121493
2008 New therapeutic targets in immune disorders: ItpkB, Orai1 and UNC93B. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 20 18348677
2016 Non-canonical antagonism of PI3K by the kinase Itpkb delays thymocyte β-selection and renders it Notch-dependent. eLife 18 26880557
2010 Regulation of B cell survival, development and function by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb). Advances in enzyme regulation 16 21035494
2016 Common variable immunodeficiency associated with microdeletion of chromosome 1q42.1-q42.3 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase B (ITPKB) deficiency. Clinical & translational immunology 13 26900472
2015 Regulation of NGF-driven neurite outgrowth by Ins(1,4,5)P3 kinase is specifically associated with the two isoenzymes Itpka and Itpkb in a model of PC12 cells. The FEBS journal 8 25892505
2018 Effect of the actin- and calcium-regulating activities of ITPKB on the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. The Biochemical journal 6 29871874
2024 Transcriptome and Animal Model Integration Reveals Inhibition of Calcium Homeostasis-Associated Gene ITPKB Alleviates Amyloid Plaque Deposition. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 3 38613644
2026 miR-301b-3p/ITPKB drives clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by promoting PARP1/IL8-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. International journal of biological macromolecules 0 41611162

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for ITPKB? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.