Affinage

IL20

Interleukin-20 · UniProt Q9NYY1

Length
176 aa
Mass
20.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IL-20 is a pleiotropic IL-10 family cytokine that orchestrates epithelial proliferation, barrier integrity, immune modulation, and tissue remodeling across multiple organ systems. It signals through two heterodimeric receptor complexes—IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ (type I) and IL-22R1/IL-20Rβ (type II)—to activate STAT3, ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC/NADPH oxidase pathways, driving keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inhibition of terminal differentiation (psoriasis-like acanthosis), promoting osteoclastogenesis via RANK/RANKL upregulation, activating hepatic stellate cells through TGF-β1 induction, facilitating arteriogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in endothelial cells, and protecting intestinal epithelial cells from IFN/STAT2-driven necroptosis (PMID:11564763, PMID:17277128, PMID:21844205, PMID:24763901, PMID:17878297, PMID:37884352). IL-20 also suppresses adaptive and innate immune effector functions, dampening T cell cytokine production and neutrophil phagocytosis/migration, and impairs epithelial barrier function in the esophagus through MAPK/ERK1/2-dependent filaggrin downregulation (PMID:19124723, PMID:28424238, PMID:35613844). Its own expression is induced downstream of IL-22, TNF-α, and LPS (via MyD88/p38), transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α and an ERα/KMT2B/GATA3 complex, and post-transcriptionally stabilized by the RNA-binding protein HuR under conditions of impaired AMPK activity (PMID:19830738, PMID:19342680, PMID:26176762, PMID:27806114).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Identifying IL-20's dual receptor usage and primary signaling output resolved how a single cytokine activates STAT3 through two distinct heterodimeric receptor complexes, establishing the signaling framework for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence Receptor binding assays and STAT3 phosphorylation/reporter assays in transfected cell lines

    PMID:11564763

    Open questions at the time
    • Crystal structure of IL-20–receptor complexes not determined
    • Relative contribution of each receptor complex in different tissues unknown
    • Downstream transcriptional targets of STAT3 activation not mapped
  2. 2003 Medium

    Demonstrating that IL-20 selectively expands multipotential hematopoietic progenitors revealed an unexpected role beyond epithelial biology, though the receptor complex mediating this effect was not identified.

    Evidence Colony formation assays of CD34+ progenitors in vitro; IL-20 transgenic mice and recombinant protein administration in vivo

    PMID:12855566

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor complex responsible on hematopoietic progenitors not determined
    • Not independently replicated
    • Physiological significance of progenitor expansion unclear
  3. 2004 Medium

    Elucidating the transcriptional induction of IL-20 by LPS through MyD88 and p38 MAPK established that IL-20 is a direct innate immune response gene that does not require de novo protein synthesis for its induction.

    Evidence LPS stimulation of glial cells from wild-type and MyD88-knockout mice; p38 inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitors; RT-PCR

    PMID:15519673

    Open questions at the time
    • Findings in glioblastoma cells; relevance to myeloid cells not directly shown
    • Promoter elements mediating LPS response not mapped
  4. 2005 Medium

    Showing that IL-20 suppresses COX-2/PGE2 specifically through the type II receptor (IL-22R1/IL-20Rβ) in bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells provided the first evidence for receptor-complex-specific functional outcomes.

    Evidence COX-2/PGE2 assays with receptor-blocking antibodies; angiogenesis assay

    PMID:15950941

    Open questions at the time
    • Anti-angiogenic effect via COX-2 contrasts with pro-arteriogenic findings in other endothelial contexts; cell-type specificity unresolved
    • Single lab finding
  5. 2007 High

    Two independent studies using 3D reconstituted human epidermis and endothelial signaling assays established that IL-20 drives keratinocyte acanthosis with persistent nuclear STAT3 and promotes arteriogenesis via JAK2/STAT5, ERK1/2, and Akt in endothelial cells, revealing tissue-specific pathway utilization.

    Evidence 3D skin models with immunostaining and microarray; endothelial signaling assays and rat hindlimb ischemia model

    PMID:17277128 PMID:17878297

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether arteriogenesis requires STAT3 or alternative STATs not resolved
    • In vivo confirmation of acanthosis mechanism in human psoriasis lacking
  6. 2009 High

    A convergence of studies established that IL-20 operates as a downstream effector of IL-22 in keratinocytes, is transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α under hypoxia, activates lymphangiogenic signaling via PI3K/Akt/mTOR/eNOS, inhibits keratinocyte terminal differentiation, and dampens T cell responses via IL-20Rβ, greatly expanding the cytokine's functional portfolio.

    Evidence IL-22 → IL-20 induction in keratinocytes with neutralizing antibody; HIF-1α promoter reporter and rat stroke model; lymphatic endothelial cell signaling assays; 3D epidermis differentiation; IL-20R2 knockout T cell assays and DNA vaccine model

    PMID:19124723 PMID:19281830 PMID:19330474 PMID:19342680 PMID:19830738

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding of HIF-1α to IL-20 promoter HREs shown by reporter but not ChIP
    • Whether T cell suppression is mediated by IL-20 vs. other IL-20Rβ ligands not resolved
    • In vivo lymphangiogenesis not demonstrated
  7. 2011 High

    Demonstrating that IL-20 drives osteoclastogenesis through RANK/RANKL upregulation—with IL-20R1 KO mice showing higher bone density and anti-IL-20 mAb preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss—established IL-20 as a bone-remodeling cytokine.

    Evidence In vitro osteoclast differentiation with anti-IL-20 mAb; IL-20R1 KO mice; ovariectomy model

    PMID:21844205

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of IL-20 vs. IL-19/IL-24 to osteoclastogenesis in vivo not dissected
    • Signaling pathway downstream of RANK induction not traced
  8. 2013 High

    Showing that IL-20 receptor signaling suppresses IL-1β- and IL-17A-dependent antimicrobial pathways during S. aureus skin infection, and that receptor blockade improves outcomes, reframed IL-20 subfamily signaling as a host susceptibility factor exploitable by pathogens.

    Evidence Mouse S. aureus skin infection; anti-IL-20R antibody; cytokine/chemokine measurements; keratinocyte assays

    PMID:23793061

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific contribution of IL-20 vs. IL-19/IL-24 in the infection model not separated
    • Mechanism of antimicrobial gene suppression at the promoter level unknown
  9. 2014 High

    Identifying IL-20 as an activator of hepatic stellate cells via TGF-β1 induction, with IL-20R1 KO mice protected from CCl4-induced fibrosis, extended IL-20's pathological roles to liver fibrogenesis.

    Evidence In vitro stellate cell/hepatocyte stimulation; CCl4 fibrosis model in IL-20R1 KO mice and with anti-IL-20 mAb

    PMID:24763901

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway from IL-20R to TGF-β1 transcription not delineated
    • Whether IL-20 acts on cholangiocytes or other hepatic cell types not examined
  10. 2015 High

    Discovering that AMPK impairment in psoriatic epidermis causes cytoplasmic HuR relocalization and IL-20 mRNA stabilization provided a post-transcriptional mechanism for IL-20 overproduction in disease and identified AMPK as an upstream regulator.

    Evidence RIP-Seq from psoriatic skin; HuR subcellular fractionation; AMPK activity assays; in vivo AMPK inhibition in mouse epidermis

    PMID:26176762

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific HuR binding site on IL-20 mRNA not mapped
    • Whether AMPK restoration is sufficient to normalize IL-20 in human psoriasis not tested
  11. 2016 Medium

    Revealing that estrogen/ERα recruits KMT2B to the IL-20 promoter for H3K4 methylation-dependent activation in breast cancer cells uncovered an epigenetic regulatory axis linking hormone signaling to IL-20 expression.

    Evidence ChIP for KMT2B and H3K4me at IL-20 promoter; siRNA knockdown; proliferation and colony assays in breast cancer cells

    PMID:27806114

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of IL-20 to breast tumor growth in vivo not tested
    • Whether KMT2B is required for IL-20 expression in non-cancer contexts unknown
  12. 2017 Medium

    Parallel studies showed that IL-20 inhibits neutrophil effector functions (phagocytosis, migration) by disrupting actin dynamics and that its receptor-mediated signaling suppresses CCL2-dependent inflammatory cell recruitment in psoriasis, consolidating IL-20 as an immunosuppressive feedback cytokine.

    Evidence Primary human neutrophil functional assays with actin polymerization readouts; imiquimod psoriasis model in IL-20R KO mice with flow cytometry

    PMID:28424238 PMID:31252033

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of IL-20 on actin regulatory machinery not identified
    • Psoriasis feedback loop data primarily reflect IL-19 rather than IL-20 specifically
  13. 2020 Medium

    Demonstrating that IL-20 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PKC/NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and Ca²⁺ overload during ischemia-reperfusion extended IL-20's injury-promoting role to the heart.

    Evidence Hypoxia/reoxygenation in H9C2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes; PKC inhibition; rat I/R model

    PMID:31953216

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor complex mediating cardiac effects not identified
    • Single lab; not independently replicated
    • Whether anti-IL-20 is cardioprotective in clinically relevant models unknown
  14. 2021 Medium

    Showing that IL-20 promotes adipogenesis, M1 macrophage polarization, and insulin resistance through SOCS-3-mediated glucose uptake inhibition identified IL-20 as a metabolic inflammation mediator in adipose tissue.

    Evidence Adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake assays; BMDM polarization; anti-IL-20 mAb in HFD mice

    PMID:34403503

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor complex involved in adipocyte signaling not defined
    • Single lab; independent replication needed
    • Relative contribution vs. other IL-10 family members in metabolic syndrome unknown
  15. 2022 High

    Demonstrating that IL-20 subfamily cytokines impair esophageal barrier integrity by downregulating filaggrin via MAPK/ERK1/2, with Il20R2 KO mice protected from eosinophilic esophagitis, extended the barrier-disrupting paradigm beyond skin to mucosal epithelia.

    Evidence Patient-derived esophageal organoids and ALI cultures; RNA-Seq; Il20R2 KO EoE mouse model; ERK1/2 inhibition

    PMID:35613844

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contribution of IL-20 vs. IL-19/IL-24 not dissected
    • Whether filaggrin downregulation is transcriptional or post-transcriptional not resolved
  16. 2024 High

    Identifying IL-20 as a protector of intestinal epithelial cells from IFN/STAT2-driven necroptosis during colitis, through STAT3 activation that antagonizes STAT2 signaling, revealed a tissue-repair function and a mechanistic STAT3-vs-STAT2 axis governing epithelial cell fate.

    Evidence Il20 and Il20rb KO mice in DSS colitis; IEC-derived organoids; RNA-Seq; STAT2 IEC-specific KO; co-IP for STAT2 necroptotic complex

    PMID:37884352

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT3 directly inhibits STAT2 transcription or competes for shared cofactors unknown
    • Relevance to human IBD not yet confirmed with patient tissue functional studies

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major open questions include the structural basis of IL-20's dual receptor engagement, the determinants of tissue-specific pathway activation (STAT3 vs. ERK vs. PKC), the individual contributions of IL-20 vs. other IL-20Rβ-utilizing cytokines in vivo, and whether IL-20 neutralization has therapeutic efficacy in human disease.
  • No crystal structure of IL-20 bound to either receptor complex
  • No systematic comparison of IL-20 vs. IL-19 vs. IL-24 signaling outcomes in identical cell types
  • Clinical trial data for anti-IL-20 therapy absent from this literature

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 7 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4
Partners
ELAVL1ESR1IL20RAIL20RBIL22RA1KMT2BSTAT3

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 IL-20 signals through two distinct receptor complexes: a type I complex (IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ) and a type II complex (IL-22R1/IL-20Rβ); binding of IL-20 to either complex results in STAT3 phosphorylation and activation of STAT-binding promoter elements. IL-19 signals only through type I, while mda-7/IL-24 signals through both. Receptor binding assays, STAT3 phosphorylation assays, STAT-responsive reporter gene assays in cell lines Journal of immunology High 11564763
2007 IL-20 induces acanthosis, upregulates S100A7 and keratin 16, and causes persistent nuclear STAT3 activation in reconstituted human epidermis (RHE); it also induces a gene-expression profile consistent with inflammatory responses, wound healing, and altered keratinocyte differentiation. Reconstituted human epidermis (3D skin model) treated with recombinant cytokines; immunostaining for STAT3 nuclear localization; microarray gene expression analysis Journal of immunology High 17277128
2009 IL-20 causes psoriasis-like morphological changes (acanthosis, inhibited keratinocyte terminal differentiation, STAT3 upregulation) in 3D human epidermis models, acting directly on keratinocytes; these effects are distinct from those of IFN-γ and IL-17. 3D human epidermis model treated with IL-20 vs. other cytokines; histological analysis; STAT3 assays; differentiation-gene expression Journal of molecular medicine High 19330474
2009 IL-22 induces IL-20 mRNA and protein production in human keratinocytes; IL-17A and TNF-α also induce IL-20 in keratinocytes, and some IL-22 effects on differentiation-regulating genes are partially mediated by endogenously secreted IL-20 (as shown by anti-IL-20 antibody blockade). Keratinocyte cell culture with recombinant cytokines; RT-PCR and ELISA for IL-20; neutralizing anti-IL-20 antibody blockade of IL-22 effects; correlation of IL-20 and IL-22 in patient skin European journal of immunology High 19830738
2006 IL-20 is produced by monocytes (especially myeloid-derived cells) and keratinocytes; IL-20 treatment of keratinocytes upregulates IFN-γ-induced and disease-related genes as determined by microarray; plastic adhesion, β2-integrin activation, and TNF-α stimulate monocyte IL-20 expression. Cell-type–specific IL-20 expression by RT-PCR; in vitro monocyte/keratinocyte stimulation assays; microarray of IL-20-treated keratinocytes; immunohistochemistry with cell-type markers in patient skin Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 16645593
2009 IL-20R2 (IL-20Rβ) signaling directly down-regulates antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses: IL-20R2-knockout mice show elevated IFN-γ and IL-2 from T cells stimulated in vitro and enhanced antigen-specific IFN-γ+ T cell responses in vivo to DNA vaccines. IL-20R2 knockout mice; in vitro T-cell stimulation with Con A or anti-CD3/CD28; DNA vaccine model; contact hypersensitivity model Journal of immunology High 19124723
2007 IL-20 activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways in endothelial cells (JAK2/STAT5, ERK1/2, Akt phosphorylation; Rac/Rho GTPase activation; intracellular calcium release) and promotes endothelial tube formation without affecting proliferation or motility; in vivo delivery to ischemic rat hindlimb significantly improves arteriogenesis and blood perfusion. Signaling assays (kinase phosphorylation) in large and microvascular endothelial cells; tube formation assay; rat hindlimb ischemia model with IL-20 delivery PNAS High 17878297
2011 IL-20 mediates osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating RANK expression in osteoclast precursor cells and RANKL in osteoblasts; IL-20R1-deficient mice have higher bone mineral density; anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody completely inhibits osteoclast differentiation induced by M-CSF+RANKL in vitro and protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. In vitro osteoclast differentiation assay with recombinant IL-20 and anti-IL-20 mAb; RT-PCR/Western blot for RANK/RANKL; IL-20R1 knockout mice with DEXA bone density measurement; OVX mouse model Journal of experimental medicine High 21844205
2013 IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 signaling through type I and type II IL-20 receptors promotes cutaneous S. aureus infection by downregulating IL-1β- and IL-17A-dependent antimicrobial pathways in keratinocytes and skin; antibody blockade of the IL-20 receptor improved infection outcomes in mice. Mouse S. aureus infection model; anti-IL-20R antibody blockade; IL-1β and IL-17A cytokine measurement; human keratinocyte S. aureus exposure assays Nature immunology High 23793061
2009 IL-20 activates lymphatic endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, mTOR, and eNOS phosphorylation pathways, induces NO production, causes actin polymerization and tube formation in Matrigel, and drives cell migration at rates comparable to VEGF-C; these effects are PI3K- and mTOR-dependent. Calcium imaging; Akt, ERK1/2, mTOR, eNOS phosphorylation assays; NO production assay; Matrigel tube formation; sprouting/migration assay; pathway inhibitors (wortmannin, rapamycin, PD98059) Microvascular research Medium 19281830
2004 In glioblastoma cells, LPS induces IL-20 expression through a MyD88- and p38 MAP kinase–dependent signaling mechanism (not requiring de novo protein synthesis); dexamethasone inhibits LPS-induced IL-20 expression, indicating glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback. Primary glial cell and RAW264.7 cultures; LPS stimulation; MyD88-KO mouse-derived glial cells; protein synthesis inhibitor (puromycin/cycloheximide); p38 inhibitor SB203580; RT-PCR Brain research. Molecular brain research Medium 15519673
2009 IL-20 is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α): two putative hypoxia response elements in the IL-20 promoter are functional (luciferase reporter assays), CoCl2-induced HIF-1α drives IL-20 expression in multiple cell types, and HIF-1α inhibition suppresses this; in an ischemic stroke rat model, IL-20 is upregulated in peri-infarcted glia-like cells and anti-IL-20 mAb reduces brain infarct size. CoCl2 hypoxia mimicry; HIF-1α inhibition; luciferase promoter activity assays; RT-PCR in multiple cell lines; rat MCAO ischemic stroke model; anti-IL-20 mAb treatment; JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling assays in glioblastoma cells Journal of immunology High 19342680
2014 IL-20 activates quiescent hepatic stellate cells, upregulates TGF-β1 in both hepatocytes and stellate cells, and promotes stellate cell proliferation/migration and collagen I production; in vivo, IL-20R1-deficient mice are protected from CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, and anti-IL-20 antibodies attenuate fibrosis by reducing TGF-β1, TNF-α, and extracellular matrix accumulation. In vitro hepatic stellate cell and hepatocyte stimulation; RT-PCR/ELISA for TGF-β1, collagen; CCl4 mouse liver fibrosis model; IL-20R1 KO mice; anti-IL-20 and anti-IL-20R1 mAb treatment Hepatology High 24763901
2015 IL-20 mRNA is post-transcriptionally regulated in psoriatic keratinocytes by the RNA-binding protein HuR, which relocates to the cytoplasm and stabilizes IL-20 transcripts; AMPK activity is severely impaired in psoriatic epidermis and drives HuR cytoplasmic relocalization; in vivo AMPK inhibition in mouse epidermis reproduces IL-20 overproduction, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis. RNP-immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (RIP-Seq) from psoriatic skin; subcellular fractionation and HuR localization; AMPK activity assays; pharmacological AMPK inhibition in mouse epidermis; IL-20 mRNA stability assays Journal of investigative dermatology High 26176762
2016 Estrogen (E2) induces IL-20 expression in breast cancer cells through ER-α recruiting the histone methyltransferase KMT2B to the IL-20 promoter, leading to H3K4 methylation; depletion of KMT2B or IL-20 reduces cell proliferation, colony formation, and causes cell cycle arrest. ChIP assay for KMT2B and H3K4 methylation at IL-20 promoter; siRNA knockdown of KMT2B; cell proliferation and colony formation assays; qRT-PCR PloS one Medium 27806114
2017 A transcriptional complex of ERα, GATA3, FOXA1, and ELL3 regulates IL-20 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells; ERα and GATA3 activate IL-20 transcription while FOXA1 represses it; ELL3 associates with ERα to increase its binding affinity to the IL-20 promoter and may prevent FOXA1 binding. ChIP assay; co-immunoprecipitation of the transcriptional complex; siRNA knockdown of individual factors; luciferase reporter assays Oncotarget Medium 28514748
2019 IL-20 receptor signaling (particularly via IL-19) in the imiquimod psoriasis model suppresses dermal CCL2 chemokine production and thereby reduces recruitment of CCL2-driven inflammatory cells including IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, constituting a negative feedback loop since IL-17A induces IL-19 in keratinocytes. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model; IL-20R knockout/deficient mice; cytokine and chemokine measurements; flow cytometry of infiltrating immune cells Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 31252033
2017 IL-20 inhibits key inflammatory functions of activated human neutrophils (phagocytosis, granule exocytosis, migration) by modifying actin polymerization; neutrophils upregulate IL-20R chain expression upon migration and activation under S. aureus infection conditions. Primary human neutrophil isolation; in vitro migration and activation assays; actin polymerization assay; phagocytosis assay; granule exocytosis assay; IL-20R expression by flow cytometry Journal of immunology Medium 28424238
2020 IL-20 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia/reoxygenation by activating the PKC/NADPH oxidase pathway, increasing intracellular Ca2+, elevating oxidative stress, and downregulating AKT; these effects are observed in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, primary cardiomyocytes, and in rat hearts undergoing I/R injury. H9C2 and primary cardiomyocyte cell culture; hypoxia/reoxygenation model; PKC inhibition; NADPH oxidase activity; Ca2+ imaging; AKT phosphorylation assay; rat I/R model Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease Medium 31953216
2021 IL-20 promotes adipocyte differentiation and polarizes bone marrow-derived macrophages toward M1 type; it induces inflammation and macrophage retention in adipose tissue by upregulating TNF-α, MCP-1, netrin 1, and unc5b in macrophages and induces insulin resistance by inhibiting glucose uptake via the SOCS-3 pathway in mature adipocytes. In vitro adipocyte differentiation assay; BMDM polarization assay; ELISA/Western blot for signaling; glucose uptake assay; SOCS-3 pathway analysis; HFD mouse model with anti-IL-20 mAb treatment Immunology Medium 34403503
2024 IL-20 controls resolution of experimental colitis by signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to suppress IFN/STAT2-driven necroptotic cell death; IL-20 activates STAT3 and suppresses IFN-STAT2 signaling in IECs; Il20- and Il20rb-deficient mice are more susceptible to DSS colitis; IL-20 blockade of STAT2 necroptosis in IEC-derived organoids was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Il20 and Il20rb knockout mice; DSS colitis model; IEC-derived 3D organoids; RNA-Seq; co-immunoprecipitation; STAT2 IEC-specific knockout mice; Western blot for STAT3/STAT2; RNAScope Gut High 37884352
2022 IL-20 subfamily cytokines (including IL-20) impair the oesophageal epithelial barrier in eosinophilic oesophagitis by downregulating filaggrin and cornified envelope genes via the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway; Il20R2-deficient mice show preserved filaggrin expression and attenuated EoE; ERK1/2 blockade prevents barrier impairment in patient-derived ALI cultures. Patient-derived oesophageal organoids and ALI cultures; RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry; Il20R2-/- EoE mouse model; ERK1/2 inhibition; immunostaining for filaggrin Gut High 35613844
2003 IL-20 selectively enhances colony formation by CD34+ multipotential hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and in vivo (transgenic overexpression and direct administration in mice), with no effect on erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, or megakaryocyte progenitors. In vitro colony formation assay of CD34+ progenitors; IL-20 transgenic mice; recombinant IL-20 administration to normal mice; progenitor enumeration and cell-cycle analysis Blood Medium 12855566
2005 IL-20 downregulates COX-2 and PGE2 in human bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells through the IL-22R1/IL-20R2 receptor complex (as determined by flow cytometry of receptor expression and receptor blockade), and inhibits experimental angiogenesis via this COX-2 regulatory pathway. Flow cytometry for receptor expression; COX-2/PGE2 assays with receptor-blocking antibodies; in vitro angiogenesis assay with COX-2 pathway inhibition Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 15950941

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 The effects of IL-20 subfamily cytokines on reconstituted human epidermis suggest potential roles in cutaneous innate defense and pathogenic adaptive immunity in psoriasis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 422 17277128
2009 IL-22 and IL-20 are key mediators of the epidermal alterations in psoriasis while IL-17 and IFN-gamma are not. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 352 19330474
2001 Cutting edge: STAT activation by IL-19, IL-20 and mda-7 through IL-20 receptor complexes of two types. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 339 11564763
2014 The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines--from host defence to tissue homeostasis. Nature reviews. Immunology 311 25421700
2008 The extended IL-10 superfamily: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 256 18405958
2006 Interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20 and IL-24 are produced by and act on keratinocytes and are distinct from classical ILs. Experimental dermatology 204 17083366
2004 Cutting edge: IL-26 signals through a novel receptor complex composed of IL-20 receptor 1 and IL-10 receptor 2. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 145 14764663
2009 The Th17 cytokine IL-22 induces IL-20 production in keratinocytes: a novel immunological cascade with potential relevance in psoriasis. European journal of immunology 144 19830738
2008 Maturing dendritic cells are an important source of IL-29 and IL-20 that may cooperatively increase the innate immunity of keratinocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology 131 18281438
2006 Regulation of T cells and cytokines by the interleukin-10 (IL-10)-family cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. European journal of immunology 123 16365913
2013 Signaling via the IL-20 receptor inhibits cutaneous production of IL-1β and IL-17A to promote infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nature immunology 106 23793061
2007 IL-19 and IL-20: two novel cytokines with importance in inflammatory diseases. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 98 17465720
2004 Bystander activity of Ad-mda7: human MDA-7 protein kills melanoma cells via an IL-20 receptor-dependent but STAT3-independent mechanism. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 93 15564140
2007 The expression of IL-20 and IL-24 and their shared receptors are increased in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy. Cytokine 92 18061474
2005 Detection of IL-20 and its receptors on psoriatic skin. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 91 16043414
2009 IL-17 and IL-22 mediate IL-20 subfamily cytokine production in cultured keratinocytes via increased IL-22 receptor expression. European journal of immunology 85 19731362
2006 Prominent production of IL-20 by CD68+/CD11c+ myeloid-derived cells in psoriasis: Gene regulation and cellular effects. The Journal of investigative dermatology 84 16645593
2006 IL-20 is expressed in atherosclerosis plaques and promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 78 16778121
2010 IL-24 transgenic mice: in vivo evidence of overlapping functions for IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 in the epidermis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 76 20061404
2017 IL-22R Ligands IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic db/db Mice. PloS one 73 28125663
2003 IL-10 subfamily members: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Immunology letters 72 12941475
2011 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and protects against osteoporotic bone loss. The Journal of experimental medicine 71 21844205
2006 IL-20: biological functions and clinical implications. Journal of biomedical science 69 16703417
2014 IL-20 and IL-20R1 antibodies protect against liver fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 65 24763901
2012 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody suppresses breast cancer progression and bone osteolysis in murine models. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 65 22238453
2009 IL-20 is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor and up-regulated after experimental ischemic stroke. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 63 19342680
2018 IL-20 receptor cytokines in autoimmune diseases. Journal of leukocyte biology 62 30260500
2005 mda-7/IL24 kills pancreatic cancer cells by inhibition of the Wnt/PI3K signaling pathways: identification of IL-20 receptor-mediated bystander activity against pancreatic cancer. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 60 15851011
2020 IL-20 antagonist suppresses PD-L1 expression and prolongs survival in pancreatic cancer models. Nature communications 59 32929072
2018 The IL-20 Cytokine Family in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis. Frontiers in immunology 57 30319661
2007 IL-20 is an arteriogenic cytokine that remodels collateral networks and improves functions of ischemic hind limbs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 17878297
2006 Human interleukin 24 (MDA-7/IL-24) protein kills breast cancer cells via the IL-20 receptor and is antagonized by IL-10. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 55 16710719
2010 IL-20: biological functions mediated through two types of receptor complexes. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 54 20864382
2005 Possible relations between the polymorphisms of the cytokines IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 and plaque-type psoriasis. Genes and immunity 53 15889129
2011 Research in practice: IL-22 and IL-20: significance for epithelial homeostasis and psoriasis pathogenesis. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 52 21251229
2009 IL-20 receptor 2 signaling down-regulates antigen-specific T cell responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 52 19124723
2012 Identification of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer; the roles of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A. PloS one 51 22962576
2007 Association analysis of IL19, IL20 and IL24 genes in palmoplantar pustulosis. The British journal of dermatology 51 17263806
2012 IL-10-- and IL-20--expressing epithelial and inflammatory cells are increased in patients with ulcerative colitis. Journal of clinical immunology 50 23207823
2010 IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24: potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 50 21073280
2008 IL-20 may contribute to the pathogenesis of human intervertebral disc herniation. Spine 42 18758357
2018 IL-19 and Other IL-20 Family Member Cytokines in Vascular Inflammatory Diseases. Frontiers in immunology 41 29681905
2008 Evaluation of IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection outcome. International journal of immunogenetics 41 18479293
2019 Interleukin (IL)-22 from IL-20 Subfamily of Cytokines Induces Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation Predominantly through ERK1/2 Pathway. International journal of molecular sciences 40 31311100
2009 Cloning of a novel interleukin (IL)-20-like gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gives an insight into the evolution of the IL-10 family. Developmental and comparative immunology 40 19755128
2003 Selective enhancement of multipotential hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and in vivo by IL-20. Blood 38 12855566
2022 IL-20 subfamily cytokines impair the oesophageal epithelial barrier by diminishing filaggrin in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut 35 35613844
2016 IL-20 promotes epithelial healing of the injured mouse cornea. Experimental eye research 35 27818315
2011 IL-20 is epigenetically regulated in NSCLC and down regulates the expression of VEGF. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 35 21565488
2005 IL-20, an anti-angiogenic cytokine that inhibits COX-2 expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 15950941
2006 Leukocyte infiltration and mRNA expression of IL-20, IL-8 and TNF-R P60 in psoriatic skin is driven by TNF-alpha. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 34 16831294
2012 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody alleviates inflammation in oral cancer and suppresses tumor growth. Molecular cancer research : MCR 32 23002091
2009 IL-20 activates human lymphatic endothelial cells causing cell signalling and tube formation. Microvascular research 31 19281830
2013 IL-20, IL-21 and p40: potential biomarkers of treatment response for ustekinumab. Acta dermato-venereologica 30 22930279
2012 Etanercept suppresses regenerative hyperplasia in psoriasis by acutely downregulating epidermal expression of interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20 and IL-24. The British journal of dermatology 30 22458549
2020 IL-20 in Acute Kidney Injury: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. International journal of molecular sciences 28 32028746
2016 Diabetic Wounds Exhibit Decreased Ym1 and Arginase Expression with Increased Expression of IL-17 and IL-20. Advances in wound care 27 27867753
2017 Increased interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis. Clinical and experimental immunology 26 28369789
2020 Anti-IL-20 antibody improved motor function and reduced glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. Journal of neuroinflammation 25 32408881
2017 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibited inflammation and protected against cartilage destruction in murine models of osteoarthritis. PloS one 24 28426699
2011 IL10 family member genes IL19 and IL20 are associated with recurrent wheeze after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatric research 24 21814157
2006 The murine liver is a potential target organ for IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24: Type I Interferons and LPS regulate the expression of IL-20R2. Journal of hepatology 24 17069926
2024 IL-20 controls resolution of experimental colitis by regulating epithelial IFN/STAT2 signalling. Gut 23 37884352
2018 The roles of IL-19 and IL-20 in the inflammation of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Journal of inflammation (London, England) 22 30250404
2016 A Broad Blockade of Signaling from the IL-20 Family of Cytokines Potently Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 22 27619991
2016 Regulation of IL-20 Expression by Estradiol through KMT2B-Mediated Epigenetic Modification. PloS one 22 27806114
2021 IL-20 is involved in obesity by modulation of adipogenesis and macrophage dysregulation. Immunology 21 34403503
2012 Expression of IL-20 in synovium and lesional skin of patients with psoriatic arthritis: differential response to alefacept treatment. Arthritis research & therapy 21 23006144
2015 IL-20 in rheumatoid arthritis. Drug discovery today 20 26297177
2020 Effects of IL-1β, IL-20, and BMP-2 on Intervertebral Disc Inflammation under Hypoxia. Journal of clinical medicine 19 31947928
2017 IL-20 Signaling in Activated Human Neutrophils Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Function. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 19 28424238
2006 Human fetal membrane expression of IL-19 and IL-20 and its differential effect on inflammatory cytokine production. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 19 16854693
2015 Anti-IL-20 Monoclonal Antibody Suppresses Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Osteolysis in Murine Models. PloS one 18 26440411
2003 IL-20: a new target for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 18 12667095
2004 Bacterial endotoxin induces IL-20 expression in the glial cells. Brain research. Molecular brain research 17 15519673
2019 IL-20-Receptor Signaling Delimits IL-17 Production in Psoriatic Inflammation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 16 31252033
2016 The Role of the IL-20 Subfamily in Glaucoma. Mediators of inflammation 16 26903709
2015 AMPK/HuR-Driven IL-20 Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Psoriatic Skin. The Journal of investigative dermatology 16 26176762
2022 IL-20 promotes cutaneous inflammation and peripheral itch sensation in atopic dermatitis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 15 35486004
2021 Expression of IL-20 Receptor Subunit β Is Linked to EAE Neuropathology and CNS Neuroinflammation. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 15 34557075
2020 IL-20 promotes hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by upregulating oxidative stress by activating the PKC/NADPH oxidase pathway. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 15 31953216
2018 Modulation of Th1/Tc1 and Th17/Tc17 responses in pulmonary tuberculosis by IL-20 subfamily of cytokines. Cytokine 14 29684756
2018 Cetacea are natural knockouts for IL20. Immunogenetics 14 29998404
2012 Combination of IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-20 and CD40 ligand for the prediction of acute cellular renal allograft rejection. Journal of clinical immunology 14 22948742
2020 A single-center observational study on the expression of circulating interleukin-20 levels and predicting outcomes in human chronic heart failure: A 2-year follow-up cohort study: Higher IL-20 levels suggest poorer outcomes in CHF patients. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 13 32622964
2021 Anti-IL-20 Antibody Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Impaired Myocardial Function through Modulation of Oxidative Injuries, Inflammation and Cardiac Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 12 33578994
2012 Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin 20 (IL-20) in patients with ulcerative colitis. Immunology letters 12 23183096
2017 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibited tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientific reports 11 29242565
2018 The IL20 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated with Altered Clinical Outcome in Septic Shock. Journal of innate immunity 10 29334679
2019 Murine astrocytes are responsive to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-20. Neuroscience letters 9 31238130
2018 Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncology letters 9 30333881
2017 A transcriptional complex composed of ER(α), GATA3, FOXA1 and ELL3 regulates IL-20 expression in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 9 28514748
2015 Neutralizing Anti-IL20 Antibody Treatment Significantly Modulates Low Grade Inflammation without Affecting HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. PloS one 9 26162095
2021 IL-20 Cytokines Are Involved in Epithelial Lesions Associated with Virus-Induced COPD Exacerbation in Mice. Biomedicines 8 34944654
2014 Reduction of IL-20 Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Linear Polarized Infrared Light Irradiation. Laser therapy 8 25071309
2014 The correlation between IL-20 and the Th2 immune response in human asthma. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology 8 25543042
2010 The association between the IL-20-1723C→G allele on the 1q chromosome and psoriasis triggered or exacerbated by an upper respiratory tract infection in the Chinese Han population. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 8 21109726
2021 TNFα inhibitors reduce bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis independent of clinical response by reducing osteoclast precursors and IL-20. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 7 32984900
2023 IL-20 Cytokines Are Involved in the Repair of Airway Epithelial Barrier: Implication in Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and in COPD Pathology. Cells 6 37887308
2015 Interleukins (ILs), a fascinating family of cytokines. Part II: ILs from IL-20 to IL-38. Theoretical biology forum 6 27167908