Affinage

IL19

Interleukin-19 · UniProt Q9UHD0

Length
177 aa
Mass
20.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
92 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IL-19 is an IL-10 family cytokine that orchestrates context-dependent inflammatory, vascular, and tissue-repair responses by signaling through the IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ (type I IL-20R) complex to activate STAT3, and in specific contexts STAT6, ERK, and NF-κB (PMID:11564763, PMID:22158875, PMID:31379870, PMID:33900049). In vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-19 suppresses inflammatory mRNA stability by inducing miR133a, which reduces the mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR, and by upregulating the counter-regulatory RNA-binding protein FXR1, collectively destabilizing transcripts encoding cyclin D1, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα (PMID:20451530, PMID:30067974, PMID:29674474). In immune cells, IL-19 promotes Th2 polarization and IL-10 induction through IL-20R1-dependent signaling, drives M2 macrophage polarization via STAT3/KLF4/PPARγ to limit atherosclerosis, and stimulates granulopoiesis through IL-20Rβ/STAT3 in neutrophil progenitors, while in epithelial and endothelial cells it induces mucin (MUC5AC), MMP-9, keratinocyte proliferation, and lymphangiogenesis (PMID:31114590, PMID:26952642, PMID:33684929, PMID:31379870, PMID:40371466). IL-19 expression is transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB and STAT6 in response to IL-17A, IL-13, and LPS, and is induced by DNA damage through JNK and cGAS-STING pathways, positioning it as a required upstream mediator of damage-induced IL-1/IL-6/IL-8 production (PMID:18539194, PMID:34932373).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Establishing that IL-19 is an inducible monocyte cytokine distinct from IL-10 answered whether IL-19 uses the IL-10 receptor, demonstrating it signals through an independent pathway.

    Evidence Northern blot/RT-PCR time-course in LPS-stimulated monocytes with receptor binding exclusion

    PMID:11196675

    Open questions at the time
    • Cognate receptor not yet identified
    • Downstream signaling pathway unknown
    • Single-lab observation
  2. 2001 High

    Identification of IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ as the exclusive receptor complex and STAT3 as the principal effector resolved how IL-19 transduces signal, establishing its mechanistic distinction from other IL-10 family members.

    Evidence Receptor binding assays and STAT3 phosphorylation/reporter assays across both IL-20R complexes

    PMID:11564763

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional targets of STAT3 in this context undefined
    • Cell-type specificity of receptor expression not systematically mapped
  3. 2002 Medium

    Demonstrating that IL-19 induces IL-6, TNFα, apoptosis, and ROS in monocytes established it as a pro-inflammatory stimulus in myeloid cells, posing the question of how this reconciles with its IL-10-family membership.

    Evidence ELISA, apoptosis assays, ROS measurement, and promoter-reporter analysis in monocytes

    PMID:12370360

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor expression on monocytes not directly confirmed
    • Whether effects are direct or paracrine not resolved
  4. 2004 Medium

    Showing IL-19 drives Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) in T cells established its role as a Th2-polarizing cytokine, later confirmed genetically.

    Evidence In vitro T cell cytokine stimulation and in vivo gene electroporation in mice

    PMID:15557163

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether IL-19 acts directly on T cells or through APCs not resolved
    • Receptor expression on T cells not confirmed
  5. 2005 Medium

    Discovery of IL-19 auto-induction and reciprocal IL-10 feedback defined a self-amplifying circuit with a built-in brake, explaining how IL-19 responses are calibrated.

    Evidence qRT-PCR and ELISA in PBMCs; dendritic cell maturation assays

    PMID:15827959

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of auto-induction not defined
    • In vivo relevance of feedback loop not tested
  6. 2006 Medium

    Systematic analysis showing IL-19 activates STAT in epithelial/keratinocyte cells but not immune cells clarified cell-type-restricted signaling, and the A2B adenosine receptor–IL-19–TNFα loop placed IL-19 in airway inflammatory amplification circuits.

    Evidence STAT phosphorylation across cell types; A2B receptor pharmacological blockade with cytokine ELISA

    PMID:16778150 PMID:17083366

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent contradiction with monocyte activation data from 2002 not reconciled
    • Whether receptor expression is regulated dynamically under inflammation not addressed
  7. 2008 High

    Two advances established transcriptional regulation of IL-19 (NF-κB and STAT6 via IL-17A/IL-13 in airway epithelia) and its autocrine role in synovial cells (STAT3 → IL-6, anti-apoptosis), connecting IL-19 to both upstream inducers and downstream effector pathways in disease-relevant tissues.

    Evidence ChIP, siRNA, inhibitor, and promoter mutagenesis in bronchial epithelial cells; STAT3/apoptosis assays in rheumatoid synovial cells

    PMID:18397956 PMID:18539194

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT6 regulation applies beyond airway epithelium unknown
    • In vivo evidence for synovial autocrine loop lacking
  8. 2010 High

    Identification of HuR destabilization as the mechanism by which IL-19 reduces inflammatory mRNA half-life in VSMCs established a post-transcriptional anti-inflammatory mechanism distinct from transcriptional repression.

    Evidence Actinomycin D mRNA decay assays, HuR immunoblot, PKCα analysis, HuR siRNA phenocopy in primary human VSMCs

    PMID:20451530

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signal from IL-20R/STAT3 to PKCα/HuR not delineated
    • Whether mechanism operates in non-vascular cell types unknown
  9. 2011 High

    Showing IL-19 induces HO-1 via STAT3 to reduce ROS in VSMCs and in vivo established a cytoprotective effector arm, broadening IL-19's anti-inflammatory repertoire beyond mRNA destabilization.

    Evidence STAT3 siRNA, HO-1 promoter mutagenesis, in vivo ROS measurement in TNFα-treated mice

    PMID:22158875

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of HO-1 versus HuR pathway not assessed
    • Whether HO-1 induction occurs in macrophages unclear
  10. 2014 High

    IL-19 KO mice developing worse neointimal hyperplasia provided genetic loss-of-function evidence that endogenous IL-19 is a vascular-protective factor, while keratinocyte studies placed IL-19 within the IL-23/IL-17 psoriatic axis as an amplifier.

    Evidence IL-19 KO carotid ligation model with rescue; primary keratinocyte cytokine stimulation

    PMID:24814101 PMID:25046339

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific conditional KO not performed
    • Whether vascular protection is VSMC-autonomous or involves macrophage M2 polarization unclear
  11. 2016 High

    Demonstration that exogenous IL-19 halts atherosclerotic plaque progression via M2 macrophage polarization (STAT3/STAT6/KLF4/PPARγ) and cholesterol efflux established a multi-pronged atheroprotective mechanism acting on both inflammation and lipid handling.

    Evidence LDLR−/− mouse atherosclerosis model with rIL-19 injection; cholesterol uptake/efflux assays; signaling pathway western blots

    PMID:26952642

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endogenous IL-19 levels are sufficient for this effect not tested at this point
    • STAT6 activation had not been previously reported for IL-19 — mechanism of STAT6 engagement not defined
  12. 2017 Medium

    Identification of miR133a as the mediator by which IL-19 reduces HuR and LDLRAP1 connected IL-19 signaling to a specific microRNA effector and explained how IL-19 limits oxLDL uptake in VSMCs.

    Evidence miR133a quantification, transfection, LDLRAP1 siRNA, mRNA stability and oxLDL uptake assays in primary human VSMCs

    PMID:28257760

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional mechanism by which IL-19/STAT3 induces miR133a not defined
    • Single-lab finding without independent replication
  13. 2018 High

    Double-KO (Il19/Ldlr) mice confirmed IL-19 genetically restrains atherosclerosis through miR133a-HuR-dependent inflammatory mRNA destabilization, while parallel work identified FXR1 as a novel IL-19-induced RNA-binding protein that antagonizes HuR and is required for IL-19's post-transcriptional anti-inflammatory activity.

    Evidence Double KO mouse with bone marrow transplantation, miR133a and HuR quantification; LC-MS/MS proteomics, RNA EMSA, RIP, siRNA in VSMCs

    PMID:29674474 PMID:30067974

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FXR1 functions downstream of miR133a or in parallel not determined
    • FXR1-HuR interaction characterized only in VSMCs
  14. 2019 High

    Genetic and antibody-mediated disruption of IL-20R1 abolished IL-19-driven Th2 differentiation and allergic airway inflammation in vivo, definitively establishing the receptor requirement for IL-19's immune-polarizing function; concurrent studies showed IL-19 also engages ERK/NF-κB through IL-20R1 to induce MMP-9 in nasal epithelia.

    Evidence IL-20R1 KO mice, anti-IL-20R1 mAb, anti-IL-19 pAb in allergic airway model; siRNA and pharmacological inhibition in nasal epithelial cells

    PMID:31114590 PMID:31379870 PMID:33900049

    Open questions at the time
    • How STAT3 versus ERK/NF-κB pathway selection occurs in different cell types undefined
    • Whether IL-20R1 blockade is therapeutic in human asthma not tested
  15. 2021 High

    Three distinct advances established IL-19 as: (1) the critical osteocyte-derived cytokine driving granulopoiesis via IL-20Rβ/STAT3 in neutrophil progenitors, rescuing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia; (2) a required intermediary in DNA damage-induced cytokine cascades through JNK and cGAS-STING; and (3) a hepatoprotective factor suppressing NASH-associated lipid accumulation.

    Evidence Dmp1-Cre mTORC1 mouse model with IL-19 neutralization and neutropenia rescue; siRNA/inhibitor epistasis after irradiation and ATR inhibition; IL-19 KO NASH model with in vitro hepatocyte lipid assays

    PMID:33684929 PMID:34932373 PMID:34944021

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether osteocyte-derived IL-19 contributes to steady-state versus emergency granulopoiesis not fully resolved
    • cGAS-STING-to-IL-19 transcriptional mechanism not defined
    • NASH findings from single lab, not replicated
  16. 2025 Medium

    Discovery that IL-19 promotes lymphangiogenesis and regulates lymphatic endothelial permeability via VE-cadherin phosphorylation expanded its vascular biology to the lymphatic system, with Il19/Ldlr double KO mice showing impaired lymphatic drainage.

    Evidence Lymphatic endothelial cell migration/network/proliferation assays, impedance sensing, RNA-seq, in vivo lymphatic drainage in double KO mice

    PMID:40371466

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor and STAT pathway mediating lymphatic effects not defined
    • Single-lab finding
    • Whether lymphatic phenotype contributes to atherosclerosis severity not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the structural basis and selectivity determinants of IL-19 binding to IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ; the mechanism by which STAT3 activation leads to miR133a induction; how cell-type-specific pathway selection (STAT3 vs. STAT6 vs. ERK/NF-κB) is determined; and whether the post-transcriptional FXR1/HuR axis operates beyond vascular smooth muscle cells.
  • No crystal structure of IL-19–receptor complex
  • miR133a transcriptional regulation by STAT3 not demonstrated directly
  • FXR1 pathway not tested in macrophages, keratinocytes, or neutrophil progenitors

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 4
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
FXR1HURIL20RAIL20RBKLF4PPARGSTAT3

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 IL-19 binds exclusively to the type I IL-20R complex (IL-20Rα/IL-20Rβ), not the type II complex (IL-22R/IL-20Rβ), and binding results in STAT3 phosphorylation and activation of STAT-responsive promoters. Receptor binding assays, STAT phosphorylation assays, reporter gene (minimal STAT-binding promoter) in cell lines Journal of immunology High 11564763
2000 IL-19 mRNA is induced in monocytes by LPS stimulation (delayed relative to IL-10, detectable at 4 h); IL-19 does not signal through the canonical IL-10 receptor complex, implying a distinct receptor. Northern blot / RT-PCR time-course in LPS-stimulated monocytes; receptor binding exclusion experiments Genes and immunity Medium 11196675
2002 IL-19 treatment of monocytes induces production of IL-6 and TNF-α, promotes monocyte apoptosis, and increases reactive oxygen species production; IL-19 promoter region (394 bp upstream of exon 1) drives transcription. ELISA for cytokine production, apoptosis assays, luciferase reporter assay with promoter deletion constructs Journal of immunology Medium 12370360
2004 IL-19 induces Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) in activated T cells; induction of IL-13 requires prior T cell activation. In vitro cytokine stimulation of T cells, ELISA for cytokine production; in vivo gene electroporation in mice Journal of immunology Medium 15557163
2005 IL-19 stimulates its own expression (auto-induction) and induces IL-10 production in PBMCs; IL-10 in turn potently down-regulates IL-19 auto-induction; IL-19 acts as a transcriptional activator of IL-10 (increased IL-10 mRNA); IL-19 skews dendritic cell maturation toward increased IL-10 without affecting IL-12. Quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA on PBMC supernatants, dendritic cell differentiation assays European journal of immunology Medium 15827959
2006 IL-19 (along with IL-20 and IL-24) does not activate STAT molecules in immune cells (consistent with absence of cognate receptor chains IL-20R1/IL-20R2 on immune cells); instead, acts on skin keratinocytes and other epithelial tissues expressing both receptor complexes. STAT phosphorylation assays in immune and epithelial cells; RT-PCR and flow cytometry for receptor expression Experimental dermatology Medium 17083366
2006 A2B adenosine receptor activation on bronchial epithelial cells induces IL-19 release; released IL-19 activates monocytes to produce TNF-α, which in turn upregulates A2B receptor expression, forming a positive inflammatory feedback loop. NECA treatment + selective A2B antagonist CVT-6694 in HBEC cultures; ELISA for IL-19 and TNF-α; THP-1 monocyte activation assays American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology Medium 16778150
2008 IL-19 induces STAT3 activation and increases IL-6 production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells (RASC); IL-19 reduces RASC apoptosis induced by serum starvation, suggesting an anti-apoptotic autocrine role in synovial hyperplasia. Western blot for STAT3 phosphorylation, ELISA for IL-6, Hoechst staining, annexin V flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay Rheumatology (Oxford) Medium 18397956
2008 IL-17A and IL-4/IL-13 synergistically upregulate IL-19 expression in airway epithelial cells; IL-19 transcription is regulated by NF-κB, and the IL-13+IL-17A combination shifts this to STAT6-dependent regulation; STAT6-binding elements were confirmed in the IL-19 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation. siRNA knockdown, chemical inhibitors, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assays, well-differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cultures Journal of allergy and clinical immunology High 18539194
2010 IL-19 reduces abundance and stability of proliferative/inflammatory mRNAs (Cyclin D1, IL-1β, IL-8, COX2) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by decreasing cytoplasmic abundance and serine phosphorylation of the mRNA stability factor HuR, and by reducing PKCα activation; actinomycin D chase confirms reduced mRNA half-life; HuR siRNA knockdown phenocopies IL-19. Actinomycin D transcription block mRNA decay assays, immunoblot for HuR and PKCα, HuR siRNA knockdown, quantitative RT-PCR Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology High 20451530
2011 IL-19 induces HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in human VSMC (not endothelial cells) via STAT3 activation; STAT3 siRNA and mutation of the STAT-binding site in the HO-1 promoter significantly reduce IL-19-induced HO-1; IL-19-driven HO-1 mediates reduction of ROS concentrations; IL-19 reduces vascular ROS in vivo in TNFα-treated mice. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot, ELISA, STAT3 siRNA, HO-1 promoter mutagenesis, annexin V flow cytometry, in vivo ROS measurement Journal of biological chemistry High 22158875
2013 IL-19 promotes cutaneous wound healing in vivo; in vitro, IL-19 upregulates KGF (keratinocyte growth factor) expression in fibroblasts, and conditioned medium from IL-19-treated fibroblasts promotes keratinocyte proliferation; IL-19 directly increases keratinocyte migration. Full-thickness mouse wound model with topical IL-19; BrdU proliferation assay, transwell migration assay, RT-PCR, conditioned medium transfer Cytokine Medium 23582717
2014 IL-19 knockout mice develop more severe neointimal hyperplasia after carotid artery ligation; IL-19 KO VSMCs proliferate and migrate faster, with greater inflammatory cytokine expression and monocyte adhesion; all phenotypes are rescued by exogenous recombinant IL-19. IL-19 knockout mouse carotid ligation model, neointima/intima ratio morphometry, VSMC proliferation/migration assays, recombinant IL-19 rescue injection American journal of pathology High 24814101
2014 IL-19 production is induced in keratinocytes by IL-17A and amplified by TNF-α and IL-22; IL-19 amplifies IL-17A effects on keratinocytes including induction of β-defensins, IL-19 itself, IL-23p19, and Th17/neutrophil-attracting chemokines; IL-19 is a component of the IL-23/IL-17 pathogenic axis in psoriasis. Primary keratinocyte stimulation, quantitative cytokine measurement, gene expression analysis Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 25046339
2016 Exogenous IL-19 halts progression of preformed atherosclerotic plaque in LDLR−/− mice; IL-19 promotes M2 macrophage polarization via activation of STAT3, STAT6, KLF4, and PPARγ; IL-19 regulates macrophage cholesterol homeostasis through PPARγ-dependent scavenger receptor-mediated cholesterol uptake and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. LDLR−/− mouse atherosclerosis model with rIL-19 injection, plaque morphometry, immunostaining, western blot for STAT3/STAT6/KLF4/PPARγ pathway components, cholesterol uptake and efflux assays American journal of pathology High 26952642
2017 IL-19 induces expression of miR133a in VSMC; miR133a targets and reduces mRNA abundance, stability, and protein expression of LDLRAP1 (LDL receptor adaptor protein 1), thereby reducing oxLDL uptake and lipid accumulation in VSMCs. miRNA quantification, miR133a transfection, LDLRAP1 siRNA, mRNA stability assays, oxLDL uptake assays in primary human VSMCs; miR133a plasma measurement in hyperlipidemic patients Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 28257760
2018 IL-19 genetic deletion (Il19−/− × Ldlr−/− double KO) exacerbates atherosclerosis; dKO mice show increased HuR (mRNA stability protein) abundance in spleen and aortic arch; IL-19 induces miR133a which targets and reduces HuR; loss of IL-19 increases inflammatory cytokine mRNA stability via elevated HuR. Double KO mouse model, bone marrow transplantation, qRT-PCR, western blot, mRNA stability assays in isolated BMDM and VSMCs, miR133a quantification Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology High 29674474
2018 FXR1 (fragile-X-related protein) is identified as an IL-19-responsive, HuR-interacting protein in VSMCs; FXR1-HuR interaction is RNA-tethered (abrogated by RNase); FXR1 destabilizes pro-inflammatory mRNAs (including TNFα, which it binds via ARE and 3' UTR elements); IL-19 increases FXR1 expression and FXR1 is required for IL-19-mediated reduction of HuR. LC-MS/MS proteomics, RNA EMSA, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), siRNA knockdown, FXR1 overexpression, mRNA stability assays Cell reports High 30067974
2019 IL-20R1 deficiency abolishes IL-19-induced Th2 cell differentiation in vitro; in vivo, IL-20R1 deficiency reduces allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, Th2 cytokine expression, and immune cell infiltration; anti-IL-20R1 mAb and anti-IL-19 antibodies both ameliorate allergic lung inflammation. IL-20R1 KO mouse model, anti-IL-20R1 mAb treatment, anti-IL-19 pAb, in vitro Th2 differentiation assay, airway hyperresponsiveness measurement, BAL cell counting Frontiers in immunology High 31114590
2019 IL-19 up-regulates MUC5AC mucin production in primary human nasal epithelial cells via STAT3 pathway; IL-20R2 siRNA knockdown and STAT3 inhibitor (cryptotanshinone) attenuate IL-19-induced MUC5AC. Recombinant IL-19 stimulation of primary nasal epithelial cells, siRNA knockdown of IL-20R2, STAT3 inhibitor, RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot, confocal microscopy Frontiers in immunology Medium 31379870
2021 IL-19 is produced predominantly by osteocytes and stimulates granulopoiesis by activating IL-20Rβ/STAT3 signaling in neutrophil progenitors; mTORC1 activation in osteocytes increases IL-19 production and promyelocyte expansion; neutralizing endogenous IL-19 or depleting its receptor inhibits neutrophil development; low-dose IL-19 reverses chemotherapy/irradiation-induced neutropenia. Dmp1-Cre mTORC1 activation mouse model, IL-19 neutralizing antibody, IL-20Rβ depletion, bone marrow analysis, STAT3 activation assays, neutropenia rescue experiments Blood High 33684929
2021 DNA damage induces IL-19 expression through JNK and cGAS-STING pathways; IL-19 expression is required for subsequent DNA damage-induced production of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8; IL-19 induction by ionizing radiation depends on reactive oxygen species and ASK1-JNK, while ATR inhibition-induced IL-19 requires cGAS-STING; IL-19-independent cGAS-STING signaling drives PDL1 expression. Pathway inhibitors (JNK, ROS, cGAS-STING), siRNA suppression of IL19, ATR inhibitor treatment, ionizing radiation, cytokine ELISA, gene expression analysis Science signaling High 34932373
2021 IL-17A induces IL-19 and IL-24 expression directly in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes; intrinsic higher IL-19 expression in psoriatic versus healthy skin fibroblasts; IL-17A neutralization in T cell-fibroblast co-culture suppresses IL-19 and IL-24; IL-19 (with IL-24) contributes to keratinocyte proliferation. Human skin fibroblast-T cell co-culture, anti-IL-17A neutralization, imiquimod mouse psoriasis model with anti-IL-10 antibody, histology, flow cytometry Frontiers in immunology Medium 34616394
2021 IL-19 KO mice on CDAHFD develop worse NASH (more liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, elevated IL-6/TNF-α/TGF-β); in vitro, IL-19 decreases palmitate-induced triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, reduces fatty acid synthesis gene expression, and increases ATP content, indicating IL-19 suppresses lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. IL-19 KO mouse CDAHFD model, histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA, in vitro HepG2 lipid accumulation assays Cells Medium 34944021
2025 IL-19 promotes lymphangiogenesis (human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell migration, network formation, proliferation); IL-19 induces rapid VE-cadherin phosphorylation and increases lymphatic endothelial monolayer permeability; Il19/Ldlr double KO mice on high-fat diet show impaired lymphatic drainage, fewer lymphatic branch points, and increased zipper junctions. Human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell culture assays, immunocytochemistry, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, RNA sequencing, in vivo lymphatic drainage in double KO mice Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Medium 40371466
2019 IL-19 induces MMP-9 production in human nasal epithelial cells through ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways; ERK and NF-κB inhibitors attenuate IL-19-induced MMP-9; siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1 suppresses ERK/NF-κB activation and MMP-9 expression; IL-13 and IL-17A stimulate IL-19 production in nasal epithelial cells. siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1, ERK and NF-κB inhibitors, western blot, RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence in primary human nasal epithelial cells Clinical and translational allergy Medium 33900049

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 92 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 Cutting edge: STAT activation by IL-19, IL-20 and mda-7 through IL-20 receptor complexes of two types. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 339 11564763
2008 The extended IL-10 superfamily: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 256 18405958
2002 IL-19 induces production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha and results in cell apoptosis through TNF-alpha. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 247 12370360
2000 Cloning, expression and initial characterization of interleukin-19 (IL-19), a novel homologue of human interleukin-10 (IL-10). Genes and immunity 236 11196675
2006 Interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20 and IL-24 are produced by and act on keratinocytes and are distinct from classical ILs. Experimental dermatology 204 17083366
2004 IL-19 induced Th2 cytokines and was up-regulated in asthma patients. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 148 15557163
2014 IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 141 25046339
2006 Regulation of T cells and cytokines by the interleukin-10 (IL-10)-family cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. European journal of immunology 123 16365913
2007 IL-19 and IL-20: two novel cytokines with importance in inflammatory diseases. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 98 17465720
2006 A2B adenosine receptors induce IL-19 from bronchial epithelial cells, resulting in TNF-alpha increase. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 91 16778150
2008 Potentiation of IL-19 expression in airway epithelia by IL-17A and IL-4/IL-13: important implications in asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 88 18539194
2005 Human IL-19 regulates immunity through auto-induction of IL-19 and production of IL-10. European journal of immunology 76 15827959
2003 IL-10 subfamily members: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Immunology letters 72 12941475
2014 Expression of interleukin (IL)-19 and IL-24 in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a cross-sectional study. Clinical and experimental immunology 67 24527982
2008 Expression of IL-19 and its receptors in RA: potential role for synovial hyperplasia formation. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 67 18397956
2010 Expression of IL-10 family cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: elevated levels of IL-19 in the joints. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 62 20001767
2017 Over-expression of mutated ZmDA1 or ZmDAR1 gene improves maize kernel yield by enhancing starch synthesis. Plant biotechnology journal 57 28557341
2012 Arabidopsis MDA1, a nuclear-encoded protein, functions in chloroplast development and abiotic stress responses. PloS one 57 22905186
2011 Upregulated IL-19 in breast cancer promotes tumor progression and affects clinical outcome. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 57 22186257
2010 Il-19 reduces VSMC activation by regulation of mRNA regulatory factor HuR and reduction of mRNA stability. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 53 20451530
2005 Possible relations between the polymorphisms of the cytokines IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 and plaque-type psoriasis. Genes and immunity 53 15889129
2007 Association analysis of IL19, IL20 and IL24 genes in palmoplantar pustulosis. The British journal of dermatology 51 17263806
2010 IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24: potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 50 21073280
2011 Interleukin-19 (IL-19) induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and decreases reactive oxygen species in human vascular smooth muscle cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 22158875
2009 Psychological stress increases expression of IL-10 and its homolog IL-19 via beta-adrenoceptor activation: reversal by the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide. Brain, behavior, and immunity 45 19159673
2008 IL-19 is involved in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 42 18246602
2018 IL-19 and Other IL-20 Family Member Cytokines in Vascular Inflammatory Diseases. Frontiers in immunology 41 29681905
2008 Evaluation of IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection outcome. International journal of immunogenetics 41 18479293
2021 Interleukin-17A Drives IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Skin Stromal Cells Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation. Frontiers in immunology 38 34616394
2016 IL-19 Halts Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque, Polarizes, and Increases Cholesterol Uptake and Efflux in Macrophages. The American journal of pathology 38 26952642
2011 IL-19 as a potential therapeutic in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Current pharmaceutical design 37 22103848
2014 Astrocytes produce IL-19 in response to bacterial challenge and are sensitive to the immunosuppressive effects of this IL-10 family member. Glia 35 24677051
2013 Interleukin (IL)-19 promoted skin wound healing by increasing fibroblast keratinocyte growth factor expression. Cytokine 35 23582717
2018 Genetic Deletion of IL-19 (Interleukin-19) Exacerbates Atherogenesis in Il19-/-×Ldlr-/- Double Knockout Mice by Dysregulation of mRNA Stability Protein HuR (Human Antigen R). Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 33 29674474
2018 FXR1 Is an IL-19-Responsive RNA-Binding Protein that Destabilizes Pro-inflammatory Transcripts in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell reports 33 30067974
2012 Increased expression of IL-19 in the epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Allergy 32 22583192
2017 Induction of MiR133a expression by IL-19 targets LDLRAP1 and reduces oxLDL uptake in VSMC. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 31 28257760
2007 Expression of IL-19 correlates with Th2 cytokines in uraemic patients. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 31 17449492
2017 The Stimulation of Macrophages with TLR Ligands Supports Increased IL-19 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and in Colitis Models. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 30 28864472
2014 IL-19 reduces ligation-mediated neointimal hyperplasia by reducing vascular smooth muscle cell activation. The American journal of pathology 30 24814101
2012 Etanercept suppresses regenerative hyperplasia in psoriasis by acutely downregulating epidermal expression of interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20 and IL-24. The British journal of dermatology 30 22458549
2021 Osteocytes regulate neutrophil development through IL-19: a potent cytokine for neutropenia treatment. Blood 28 33684929
2007 WD40 protein Mda1 is purified with Dnm1 and forms a dividing ring for mitochondria before Dnm1 in Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 27 17360593
2020 The Arabidopsis mTERF-repeat MDA1 protein plays a dual function in transcription and stabilization of specific chloroplast transcripts within the psbE and ndhH operons. The New phytologist 25 32343843
2002 VEGF(121), VEGF(165) overexpression enhances tumorigenicity in U251 MG but not in NG-1 glioma cells. Cancer research 25 11912165
2019 Exogenous IL-19 attenuates acute ischaemic injury and improves survival in male mice with myocardial infarction. British journal of pharmacology 24 30460984
2011 IL10 family member genes IL19 and IL20 are associated with recurrent wheeze after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatric research 24 21814157
2006 The murine liver is a potential target organ for IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24: Type I Interferons and LPS regulate the expression of IL-20R2. Journal of hepatology 24 17069926
1998 Cross-talking among Drosophila nuclear receptors at the promiscuous response element of the ng-1 and ng-2 intermolt genes. Journal of molecular biology 23 9466931
2018 The roles of IL-19 and IL-20 in the inflammation of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Journal of inflammation (London, England) 22 30250404
2019 Increased TSLP, IL-33, IL-25, IL-19, IL 21 and amphiregulin (AREG) levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 21 30888496
2019 Blocking IL-19 Signaling Ameliorates Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation. Frontiers in immunology 21 31114590
2020 Characterization of IL-19, -20, and -24 in acute and chronic kidney diseases reveals a pro-fibrotic role of IL-24. Journal of translational medicine 20 32306980
2019 IL-19 Up-Regulates Mucin 5AC Production in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis via STAT3 Pathway. Frontiers in immunology 19 31379870
2006 Human fetal membrane expression of IL-19 and IL-20 and its differential effect on inflammatory cytokine production. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 19 16854693
2021 The role and transformative potential of IL-19 in atherosclerosis. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 18 34600839
2021 IL-19 Contributes to the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Altering Lipid Metabolism. Cells 18 34944021
2019 Expression of interleukin (IL)-10 family cytokines in aqueous humour of patients with specific endogenous uveitic entities: elevated levels of IL-19 in human leucocyte antigen-B27-associated uveitis. Acta ophthalmologica 18 30761764
2021 IL-19 induced by IL-13/IL-17A in the nasal epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis upregulates MMP-9 expression via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Clinical and translational allergy 15 33900049
2018 Treatment with IL-19 improves locomotor functional recovery after contusion trauma to the spinal cord. British journal of pharmacology 15 29500933
2010 Association analysis of genes of the IL19 cluster and their receptors in vitiligo patients. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 14 20699607
2014 Interleukins (ILs), a fascinating family of cytokines. Part I: ILs from IL-1 to IL-19. Theoretical biology forum 13 25936211
2019 MDA1, a nucleus-encoded factor involved in the stabilization and processing of the atpA transcript in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 12 30809889
2019 Exogenous IL-19 mediates downregulation of TGF-β through Erk and p38 pathway to inhibit epidural fibrosis. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 11 31539104
2021 Induction of IL19 expression through JNK and cGAS-STING modulates DNA damage-induced cytokine production. Science signaling 10 34932373
2019 CD4 recovery is associated with genetic variation in IFNγ and IL19 genes. Antiviral research 10 31386862
2025 IL-19 as a promising theranostic target to reprogram the glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment. Journal of biomedical science 9 40057744
2022 Elevated IL-19 Serum Levels in Patients With Pernicious Anemia and Autoimmune Gastritis. Frontiers in immunology 9 35479078
2015 Cloning of interleukin-10 from African clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis), with the Finding of IL-19/20 homologue in the IL-10 locus. Journal of immunology research 8 25759841
2021 IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection. The Journal of infectious diseases 7 32561912
2021 Combination of FLG mutations and SNPs of IL-17A and IL-19 influence on atopic dermatitis occurrence. Postepy dermatologii i alergologii 7 35369616
2022 Comparison of TNF-α and IL-19 concentrations at different stages of breast cancer. Journal of medicine and life 6 35928364
2023 Manipulation of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human degenerative disc and ligamentum flavum derived progenitor cells using IL-1β, IL-19, and IL-20. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 5 37563485
2021 Association of BCL2 polymorphisms and the IL19 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2243188 with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of international medical research 3 34044633
2020 IL-19 as a Biomarker for the Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Archives of medical research 3 32111500
2000 Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. Folia biologica 3 11055798
2015 Immunogenetic influences on acquisition of HIV-1 infection: consensus findings from two African cohorts point to an enhancer element in IL19 (1q32.2). Genes and immunity 2 25633979
2012 IL-19 and IL-20 genes polymorphisms and haplotype analysis in a vesicoureteral reflux population. Human immunology 2 23000500
2001 Functional analysis of regulatory elements controlling the expression of the ecdysone-regulated Drosophila ng-1 gene. Mechanisms of development 2 11118881
2025 The signature based on interleukin family and receptors identified IL19 and IL20RA in promoting nephroblastoma progression through STAT3 pathway. Scientific reports 1 40185911
2025 IL-19 Is a Novel Lymphangiocrine Factor Inducing Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Junctional Regulation. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 1 40371466
2025 Role of serum interleukin-19 (IL-19) levels in acne vulgaris: a comprehensive case control study. Archives of dermatological research 1 40372535
2025 TOPK Drives IL19-Mediated Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts to Promote Solar UV-Induced Skin Damage and Carcinogenesis. Cancers 1 40647365
2025 IL-19 suppresses Hippo signaling via modulating YAP1 phosphorylation in osteoarthritis. Frontiers in immunology 1 41103413
2024 Immunohistochemical Analysis of IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients: Results From a Single Center Retrospective Study. Cureus 1 39007024
2016 [Association between IL-19 gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus susceptibility in children]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 1 27974122
2026 [The significance of IL-19 in the liver: crosstalk among inflammation, metabolism, and fibrosis]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 0 41485927
2026 Molecular characterization and functional analysis of IL-19 like in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Developmental and comparative immunology 0 41831327
2025 Assessment of Serum and Saliva CRP, IL-17, and IL-19 Levels in Patients with Different Severity of Acne Vulgaris. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41465543
2023 Functional role of IL-19 in a mouse model of L-arginine-induced pancreatitis and related lung injury. Experimental animals 0 38057085
2021 [Therapeutic application utilizing the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-19]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 0 34470933
2015 [Increased IL-19 level in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis is related with clinical severity]. Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 0 26522365