Affinage

HSPE1

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial · UniProt P61604

Length
102 aa
Mass
10.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HSPE1 (HSP10/cpn10) is the mitochondrial co-chaperonin that partners with HSP60 (HSPD1) to drive ATP-dependent folding of matrix proteins, the functional equivalent of bacterial GroES (PMID:1977163). It binds HSP60 in a Mg·ATP-dependent manner, abolishing the uncoupled ATPase activity of HSP60 to gate discharge of unfolded substrate (PMID:1977163), and this interaction depends on its mobile loop (residues 25–40), where temperature-sensitive mutations reduce HSP60 affinity and abolish folding and matrix sorting in vivo (PMID:7913473); the same mobile loop is required for HSP10's protective and co-refolding activity, as a P34H mutant cannot co-refold substrate with HSP60 (PMID:15059967). Genetic dissection shows HSP10 and HSP60 do not always act as one unit, with distinct in vivo substrate classes and a specific requirement for HSP10 in folding newly imported HSP60 itself (PMID:9774331). Beyond folding, HSPE1 acts as a co-factor for HSP60 biogenesis: an mtHsp70–HSP10 complex, formed independently of HSP60, binds unassembled HSP60 precursor and promotes its assembly into mature heptamers (PMID:25792736), and this assembly is further tuned by SIRT4-mediated deacetylation of HSP60 to maintain electron transport chain function and limit ROS (PMID:38329114). The HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin engages roughly half of the annotated matrix proteome, including the respiratory chain, mitochondrial translation machinery, and quality-control factors (PMID:32060690), and is human HSP60's catalytic partner whose folding output is modulated by nucleotide identity (PMID:29208924). HSPE1 also performs chaperonin-independent functions: its depletion (but not that of HSPD1) triggers OMA1-mediated OPA1 cleavage and mitochondrial fragmentation, linking it to mitochondrial morphology and fusion (PMID:36818283), and a nuclear pool interacts with NPAT through a conserved DLFD motif to organize NPAT foci and drive histone gene transcription and S-phase progression (PMID:26429916). A de novo p.Leu73Phe mutation that destabilizes HSP10 lowers the HSP10:HSP60 ratio, depletes the substrate SOD2, and raises mitochondrial superoxide, establishing HSPE1 as the cause of a human mitochondrial disorder (PMID:27774450).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1990 High

    Established that mammalian HSP10 is the functional co-chaperonin of HSP60, defining the core biochemical mechanism of ATP-dependent substrate discharge.

    Evidence In vitro RuBisCO refolding, ATPase inhibition, Mg·ATP-dependent complex formation, and competition binding with bacterial cpn60

    PMID:1977163

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which residues mediate the HSP60 contact
    • Performed with bacterial cpn60 rather than mammalian HSP60
  2. 1994 High

    Showed HSP10 is essential for matrix protein folding and sorting in vivo and pinpointed the mobile loop as the HSP60-binding determinant.

    Evidence Temperature-sensitive hsp10 lethal mutants in yeast with import/folding and Rieske Fe/S sorting assays and site mapping to residues 25-40

    PMID:7913473

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not enumerate the full set of dependent substrates
    • Structural basis of mobile-loop/HSP60 contact not resolved
  3. 1998 High

    Revealed that HSP10 and HSP60 are not obligately coupled in vivo, with distinct substrate dependencies including a special role in folding newly imported HSP60.

    Evidence In vivo substrate screen using conditional hsp60 and hsp10 mutants in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:9774331

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for HSP10-independent HSP60 folding not defined
    • Substrate identities only resolved by molecular weight
  4. 2001 Medium

    Connected HSP10/HSP60 chaperonin function to cytoprotection, showing overexpression preserves respiratory function and blocks ischemic apoptosis.

    Evidence Adenoviral overexpression in rat cardiomyocytes with apoptosis, ETC complex III/IV activity, and ATP readouts

    PMID:11282911

    Open questions at the time
    • Could not separate HSP10-specific from HSP60 contributions
    • Mechanism of cytochrome c retention not defined
  5. 2003 Medium

    Identified post-translational, ubiquitination-dependent control of apoptotic and survival factors as a downstream consequence of HSP10/HSP60 expression.

    Evidence Adenoviral overexpression/antisense knockdown in cardiomyocytes with co-IP, cycloheximide chase, and ubiquitination assays for Bcl-2 family and IGF-1R

    PMID:12967636 PMID:12970367

    Open questions at the time
    • HSP10-specific direct binding to Bcl-xl/Bax/IGF-1R not demonstrated
    • Identity of the responsible ubiquitin ligase or DUB unknown
  6. 2004 Medium

    Demonstrated that HSP10 cytoprotection requires its mobile loop and an intact Ras pathway inactivation step, tying folding capacity to a signaling outcome.

    Evidence Adenoviral wild-type vs P34H mobile-loop mutant Hsp10 with ETC assays and Ras pathway epistasis (inhibitor and constitutively active Ras)

    PMID:15059967

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking chaperonin activity to Ras/Raf/ERK inactivation not defined
    • Single lab, overexpression-based
  7. 2002 Medium

    Defined the genomic and transcriptional control of HSPE1, showing it shares a heat-inducible bidirectional promoter with HSPD1 regulated by a STAT3 site.

    Evidence Genomic mapping and luciferase reporter assays with heat-shock induction at the 2q33.1 locus

    PMID:12483302

    Open questions at the time
    • Other transcription factors at the promoter not characterized
    • Reporter-based, not endogenous chromatin context
  8. 2007 Medium

    Extended transcriptional control to a physiological setting, showing NO/iNOS downregulates HSPE1 via the STAT3 promoter element after ischemia.

    Evidence MCAO mouse model with iNOS inhibitors and C6 astroglioma reporter assays with promoter deletion/mutation

    PMID:17348040

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of HSPE1 loss in postischemic brain not measured
    • Mechanism of NO action on STAT3 not resolved
  9. 2015 Medium

    Uncovered a non-mitochondrial nuclear role for HSPE1 in histone gene transcription and S-phase progression through NPAT binding.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, confocal co-localization, DLFD motif mutagenesis, knockdown/overexpression, histone mRNA and cell cycle analysis

    PMID:26429916

    Open questions at the time
    • How HSPE1 partitions between mitochondria and nucleus unknown
    • Whether nuclear function requires chaperonin activity unclear
  10. 2015 Medium

    Recast HSPE1 as a co-factor for HSP60 biogenesis, forming an HSP60-independent complex with mtHsp70 that assembles HSP60 heptamers.

    Evidence MS-based co-IP interactome in yeast mitochondria with controls separating Hsp70-Hsp10 from Hsp60

    PMID:25792736

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structure of the mtHsp70-HSP10 complex not resolved
    • Whether this applies in human mitochondria not tested here
  11. 2016 Medium

    Provided human disease causation, linking a destabilizing HSPE1 mutation to substrate (SOD2) loss and oxidative stress.

    Evidence Exome sequencing, patient fibroblast mass spectrometry, in vitro mutant characterization, and mitochondrial superoxide measurement

    PMID:27774450

    Open questions at the time
    • Single case study
    • Full clinical spectrum and additional affected substrates not defined
  12. 2020 Medium

    Mapped the global substrate landscape of the HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin in human cells, defining its proteostatic scope.

    Evidence Cross-linking HSP60 immunoprecipitation with quantitative mass spectrometry in HEK293 cells

    PMID:32060690

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not distinguish obligate clients from transient interactors
    • HSP10-specific contribution to each interaction not parsed
  13. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrated a chaperonin-independent function of HSPE1 in mitochondrial morphology by preventing OMA1-mediated OPA1 cleavage.

    Evidence Selective siRNA knockdown of HSPE1 vs HSPD1 in HEK293T with morphology imaging and OPA1/OMA1 processing assays

    PMID:36818283

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which HSPE1 loss activates OMA1 unknown
    • Whether mobile loop or chaperonin contacts are involved not tested
  14. 2024 Medium

    Showed an upstream regulatory input controlling HSP60-HSP10 assembly via SIRT4-mediated HSP60 deacetylation to sustain respiration.

    Evidence Burn-sepsis in vitro/in vivo model with NAD+, SIRT4, HSP60 acetylation, ETC complex II/III activity, ATP, and ROS measurements

    PMID:38329114

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct HSP60 acetylation sites controlling HSP10 binding not mapped
    • Single disease-model context

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How HSPE1 is partitioned and regulated across its mitochondrial folding, mitochondrial morphology, nuclear histone-transcription, and secreted immunomodulatory roles remains unresolved.
  • No structural model integrating mobile-loop folding with non-canonical functions
  • Mechanism of nuclear/extracellular localization undefined
  • Secreted HSP10 mechanism of CD3-zeta suppression not characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
HSPA9HSPD1NPATOMA1OPA1SIRT4
Complex memberships
HSP60-HSP10 (cpn60/cpn10) chaperoninmtHsp70-Hsp10 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1990 Mitochondrial cpn10 (HSP10/HSPE1 homologue) was identified in beef and rat liver mitochondria as functionally equivalent to E. coli GroES; it forms a stable complex with bacterial cpn60 in the presence of Mg·ATP, competes with bacterial cpn10 for a common saturable site on cpn60, and virtually abolishes the 'uncoupled ATPase' activity of cpn60 upon complex formation, thereby facilitating ATP/K+-dependent discharge of unfolded substrate protein from cpn60. In vitro reconstitution of RuBisCO refolding, ATPase inhibition assay, stable complex formation with Mg·ATP, competition binding Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 1977163
1994 Yeast mitochondrial Hsp10 (HSPE1 orthologue) is an essential component of the mitochondrial protein-folding apparatus; temperature-sensitive hsp10 mutants fail to fold and assemble proteins imported into the matrix compartment and are also required for sorting of the Rieske Fe/S protein through the matrix. The temperature-sensitive mutations map to the mobile loop region (residues 25–40) and result in reduced binding affinity for Hsp60 at the non-permissive temperature. Yeast genetics (temperature-sensitive lethal mutants), import/folding assays, biochemical fractionation, site mapping The Journal of cell biology High 7913473
1998 Yeast mitochondrial in vivo substrates fall into three groups: (i) proteins requiring both Hsp60 and Hsp10 for folding; (ii) proteins that fail to fold without Hsp60 but are unaffected by Hsp10 inactivation; (iii) newly imported Hsp60 itself, which is more severely affected by Hsp10 inactivation than by loss of pre-existing Hsp60. This demonstrates that Hsp10 and Hsp60 do not always act as a single functional unit in vivo. Novel in vivo substrate screen in S. cerevisiae using temperature-sensitive hsp60 and hsp10 mutants, molecular weight determination of ~15–90 kDa substrates The EMBO journal High 9774331
2001 Overexpression of HSP60 and HSP10 (individually or in combination) in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes protected against simulated ischemia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis, reducing mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and maintaining ATP levels through preserved electron transport chain complex III and IV activities. Adenoviral overexpression in primary cardiomyocytes, enzyme release/DNA fragmentation/caspase-3 assays, mitochondrial ETC activity measurements, ATP quantification Circulation Medium 11282911
2003 Overexpression of Hsp10 or Hsp60 in cardiomyocytes suppressed doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by differentially modulating Bcl-2 family members; both proteins increased Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 and reduced Bax at the post-translational level by inhibiting ubiquitination of Bcl-xl (shown to be cycloheximide-insensitive and mRNA-independent). Hsp60 additionally interacted with Bcl-xl and Bax by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. Adenoviral overexpression in primary cardiomyocytes, co-immunoprecipitation, cycloheximide chase, ubiquitination assay, antisense Hsp60 knockdown Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 12967636
2003 Hsp10 and Hsp60 overexpression in cardiomyocytes increased IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) abundance and IGF-1-stimulated autophosphorylation by suppressing polyubiquitination of IGF-1R, a post-translational mechanism independent of protein synthesis or mRNA upregulation. Conversely, antisense Hsp60 knockdown decreased IGF-1R abundance and attenuated IGF-1R signaling and pro-survival actions. Adenoviral overexpression/antisense knockdown in neonatal cardiomyocytes, ubiquitination assay, cycloheximide chase, phosphorylation assays for IGF-1R and downstream kinases The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12970367
2004 Hsp10 protection of cardiac myocytes against simulated ischemia/reoxygenation requires its mobile loop (a P34H mobile-loop mutant incapable of co-refolding malate dehydrogenase with Hsp60 potentiated cell death). Protection involves preservation of mitochondrial complex I and II function and requires inactivation of the Ras GTPase pathway; Hsp10 overexpression inactivated Raf, ERK, and p90RSK, and constitutively active Ras abolished Hsp10-mediated protection. Adenoviral overexpression of wild-type and P34H mutant Hsp10, ETC complex activity assays, Ras pathway inhibitor studies, constitutively active Ras co-expression FASEB journal Medium 15059967
2002 The human HSP60 (HSPD1) and HSP10 (HSPE1) genes are arranged head-to-head on chromosome 2q33.1, separated by a bidirectional promoter (~17 kb total); luciferase reporter assays demonstrated bidirectional promoter activity that increases ~12-fold upon heat shock in both directions, with a STAT3-binding site identified as a regulatory element. Genomic sequencing, radiation hybrid mapping, luciferase reporter assay, heat-shock induction Human genetics Medium 12483302
2007 NO (from iNOS) downregulates HSP60 and HSP10 expression in the postischemic brain by suppressing STAT3 binding to its recognition site in the bidirectional promoter; reporter gene analysis with deletion and mutation studies identified the STAT3 site as responsible for LPS/IFN-γ-induced upregulation and for NO-mediated downregulation. Middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model, iNOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine), C6 astroglioma cell LPS/IFN-γ treatment, iNOS inhibitor NMMA, luciferase reporter with promoter deletion/mutation Journal of neuroscience research Medium 17348040
2015 Mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70) associates with Hsp10 independently of Hsp60; the mtHsp70–Hsp10 complex binds to unassembled Hsp60 precursor and promotes its assembly into mature heptameric Hsp60 complexes. This places HSPE1 as a co-factor for Hsp60 biogenesis in addition to its folding co-chaperonin role. Comprehensive interaction study by MS-based co-immunoprecipitation in yeast mitochondria, including controls separating Hsp70–Hsp10 interaction from Hsp60 The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 25792736
2016 A de novo missense mutation in HSPE1 (c.217C>T, p.Leu73Phe) causes near-complete loss of the mutant HSP10 protein in patient fibroblasts (detected by mass spectrometry), resulting in an ~2-fold decrease in the HSP10:HSP60 ratio, ~80% reduction of SOD2 protein (a known HSP60/HSP10 substrate) without change in SOD2 mRNA, and ~2-fold increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels. In vitro, the purified mutant protein had profoundly impaired thermal stability, refolding propensity, and protease resistance. Clinical exome sequencing, mass spectrometry of patient fibroblasts, in vitro purification and functional characterization of mutant HSP10, mRNA/protein quantification, mitochondrial superoxide measurement Frontiers in molecular biosciences Medium 27774450
2020 Cross-linking immunoprecipitation/MS survey of the human mitochondrial HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin in HEK293 cells identified 323 interacting proteins; ~50% of annotated mitochondrial matrix proteins interact with HSP60/HSP10, covering the respiratory chain, mitochondrial protein synthesis apparatus, and protein quality control. Nineteen abundant matrix proteins occupy >60% of HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin capacity. Metabolic labeling of HEK293 cells, chemical cross-linking, HSP60 immunoprecipitation, quantitative mass spectrometry Cell stress & chaperones Medium 32060690
2015 HSPE1/Cpn10 (a pool) localizes to the nucleus where it co-localizes with NPAT foci during G1 and S phases. Cpn10 interacts with NPAT (a Cyclin E/CDK2 substrate that regulates histone transcription) via a conserved DLFD motif; knockdown of Cpn10 disrupts NPAT focus formation and reduces histone gene transcription and S-phase progression, while overexpression promotes histone transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal co-localization, gain- and loss-of-function (siRNA knockdown, overexpression), motif mutagenesis (DLFD), histone mRNA quantification, cell cycle analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 26429916
2017 Human HSP60 possesses GTPase activity; in the presence of GTP versus ATP, the HSP60-HSP10 complex shows different allosteric properties, complex formation characteristics, and protein folding activity, indicating that nucleotide identity modulates the functional mechanism of the HSP60-HSP10 complex. In vitro GTPase and ATPase activity assays, protein folding assays with HSP60/HSP10 complex Scientific reports Low 29208924
2023 Depletion of HSPE1 (but not HSPD1) in HEK293T cells causes mitochondrial fragmentation through proteolytic inactivation of OPA1 mediated by the stress-activated metalloprotease OMA1, revealing a chaperonin-activity-independent role of HSPE1 in controlling mitochondrial morphology and fusion. siRNA knockdown of HSPD1 and HSPE1 in HEK293T cells, mitochondrial morphology imaging, OPA1 processing assay, OMA1 activation assay iScience Medium 36818283
2024 Glutamine activates SIRT4 (by increasing NAD+ and SIRT4 protein levels), which deacetylates HSP60 to promote assembly of the HSP60–HSP10 complex in mitochondria; restored complex activity maintains electron transport chain complex II and III function, ATP generation, and reduces reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes under burn sepsis conditions. In vitro and in vivo burn-sepsis model, NAD+ measurement, SIRT4 protein quantification, HSP60 acetylation assay, ETC complex activity assays, ATP measurement, ROS quantification Redox report Medium 38329114
1995 GroES (the bacterial HSPE1 homologue) has no affinity for nucleotides: photolabeling of GroES with 8-azido-ATP was found to be non-specific (other non-nucleotide-binding proteins were also labeled), and rigorous isothermal calorimetry and equilibrium binding assays detected no interaction between GroES and nucleotides. Isothermal calorimetry, equilibrium binding, 8-azido-ATP photolabeling with controls FEBS letters High 7867782
2006 HSP10 is detected in the sera, ascites, and conditioned media of ovarian cancer patients but not controls; immunoprecipitation removal of HSP10 from patient sera diminished the ability to suppress T-cell CD3-zeta expression, while the immunoprecipitate alone suppressed CD3-zeta, identifying secreted HSP10 as a direct suppressor of T-cell activation. Western immunoblotting of sera/ascites/conditioned media, immunoprecipitation depletion/reconstitution bioassay using Jurkat cells, CD3-zeta expression quantification Gynecologic oncology Low 16386781

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Chaperone coexpression plasmids: differential and synergistic roles of DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES in assisting folding of an allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, Cryj2, in Escherichia coli. Applied and environmental microbiology 347 9572938
1986 Purification and properties of the groES morphogenetic protein of Escherichia coli. The Journal of biological chemistry 303 3017973
2015 The GroEL-GroES Chaperonin Machine: A Nano-Cage for Protein Folding. Trends in biochemical sciences 300 26422689
1993 The reaction cycle of GroEL and GroES in chaperonin-assisted protein folding. Nature 258 7901770
2001 Combined and individual mitochondrial HSP60 and HSP10 expression in cardiac myocytes protects mitochondrial function and prevents apoptotic cell deaths induced by simulated ischemia-reoxygenation. Circulation 235 11282911
1995 Evolution of the chaperonin families (Hsp60, Hsp10 and Tcp-1) of proteins and the origin of eukaryotic cells. Molecular microbiology 230 7752884
2003 Hsp10 and Hsp60 modulate Bcl-2 family and mitochondria apoptosis signaling induced by doxorubicin in cardiac muscle cells. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 195 12967636
1992 Cooperation of GroEL/GroES and DnaK/DnaJ heat shock proteins in preventing protein misfolding in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 190 1359538
1986 Suppression of the Escherichia coli dnaA46 mutation by amplification of the groES and groEL genes. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 182 3012269
2001 GroEL/GroES-mediated folding of a protein too large to be encapsulated. Cell 148 11672530
1995 Asymmetrical interaction of GroEL and GroES in the ATPase cycle of assisted protein folding. Science (New York, N.Y.) 132 7638601
1990 Identification of a groES-like chaperonin in mitochondria that facilitates protein folding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120 1977163
2005 The expression of HSP60 and HSP10 in large bowel carcinomas with lymph node metastase. BMC cancer 117 16253146
2006 GroES/GroEL and DnaK/DnaJ have distinct roles in stress responses and during cell cycle progression in Caulobacter crescentus. Journal of bacteriology 114 16980445
2002 Genomic structure of the human mitochondrial chaperonin genes: HSP60 and HSP10 are localised head to head on chromosome 2 separated by a bidirectional promoter. Human genetics 113 12483302
1994 Role of the chaperonin cofactor Hsp10 in protein folding and sorting in yeast mitochondria. The Journal of cell biology 113 7913473
1993 Both the Escherichia coli chaperone systems, GroEL/GroES and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE, can reactivate heat-treated RNA polymerase. Different mechanisms for the same activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 111 7902351
2003 Immunohistochemical evaluation of PCNA, p53, HSP60, HSP10 and MUC-2 presence and expression in prostate carcinogenesis. Anticancer research 108 12820390
2006 E2-EPF UCP targets pVHL for degradation and associates with tumor growth and metastasis. Nature medicine 106 16819549
1994 Rapid degradation of an abnormal protein in Escherichia coli involves the chaperones GroEL and GroES. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 7916344
1998 GroEL/GroES: structure and function of a two-stroke folding machine. Journal of structural biology 94 10049801
1992 Identification, characterization, and DNA sequence of a functional "double" groES-like chaperonin from chloroplasts of higher plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89 1356267
1998 Identification of in vivo substrates of the yeast mitochondrial chaperonins reveals overlapping but non-identical requirement for hsp60 and hsp10. The EMBO journal 80 9774331
1996 Toward a mechanism for GroEL.GroES chaperone activity: an ATPase-gated and -pulsed folding and annealing cage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 8633099
2003 Hsp10 and Hsp60 suppress ubiquitination of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and augment insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in cardiac muscle: implications on decreased myocardial protection in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The Journal of biological chemistry 73 12970367
2004 Characterization of the groEL and groES loci in Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003: genetic, transcriptional, and phylogenetic analyses. Applied and environmental microbiology 72 15466567
2006 Hsp60 and Hsp10 down-regulation predicts bronchial epithelial carcinogenesis in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cancer 70 17048249
2003 Ten kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP10) is overexpressed during carcinogenesis of large bowel and uterine exocervix. Cancer letters 70 12860287
1994 Molecular chaperones in pancreatic tissue: the presence of cpn10, cpn60 and hsp70 in distinct compartments along the secretory pathway of the acinar cells. Journal of cell science 66 7911805
2017 miR-146a, miR-146b, and miR-155 increase expression of IL-6 and IL-8 and support HSP10 in an In vitro sepsis model. PloS one 65 28662100
2003 Folding with and without encapsulation by cis- and trans-only GroEL-GroES complexes. The EMBO journal 61 12839985
2000 Seroreactivity to Chlamydia trachomatis Hsp10 correlates with severity of human genital tract disease. Infection and immunity 60 10603402
1993 Escherichia coli chaperonins cpn60 (groEL) and cpn10 (groES) do not catalyse the refolding of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The Biochemical journal 58 8097086
2015 Characterization and function analysis of Hsp60 and Hsp10 under different acute stresses in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Cell stress & chaperones 56 26637414
2009 Human Hsp10 and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF) and their relationship and involvement in cancer and immunity: current knowledge and perspectives. Life sciences 55 19913561
2015 Mitochondrial heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp10 cooperate in the formation of Hsp60 complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 25792736
1996 A synthetic 10-kD heat shock protein (hsp10) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates adjuvant arthritis. Clinical and experimental immunology 53 8608635
2007 The Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M49 Nra-Ralp3 transcriptional regulatory network and its control of virulence factor expression from the novel eno ralp3 epf sagA pathogenicity region. Infection and immunity 52 17893125
2013 Evolutionary relationship and structural characterization of the EPF/EPFL gene family. PloS one 51 23755192
2011 Hsp10, Hsp70, and Hsp90 immunohistochemical levels change in ulcerative colitis after therapy. European journal of histochemistry : EJH 48 22297444
2016 Disease-Associated Mutations in the HSPD1 Gene Encoding the Large Subunit of the Mitochondrial HSP60/HSP10 Chaperonin Complex. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 47 27630992
2006 HSP-10 in ovarian cancer: expression and suppression of T-cell signaling. Gynecologic oncology 47 16386781
2007 The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-EPF is overexpressed in primary breast cancer and modulates sensitivity to topoisomerase II inhibition. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 46 17710163
2012 Chaperonin cofactors, Cpn10 and Cpn20, of green algae and plants function as hetero-oligomeric ring complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 22518837
2010 Heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10) in immune-related diseases: one coin, two sides. International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology 44 21969171
1996 Protein folding in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli: requirements for the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES molecular chaperone machines. Molecular microbiology 44 8898387
2020 An inventory of interactors of the human HSP60/HSP10 chaperonin in the mitochondrial matrix space. Cell stress & chaperones 41 32060690
2005 Association of uterine and salpingeal fibrosis with chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigen-specific antibodies in Chlamydia-infected koalas. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 41 15879024
1994 Intra- and extracellular expression of an scFv antibody fragment in E. coli: effect of bacterial strains and pathway engineering using GroES/L chaperonins. BioTechniques 41 7910466
1997 GroES promotes the T to R transition of the GroEL ring distal to GroES in the GroEL-GroES complex. Biochemistry 40 9315866
2005 A plant EPF-type zinc-finger protein, CaPIF1, involved in defence against pathogens. Molecular plant pathology 39 20565656
2001 Application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer to the GroEL-GroES chaperonin reaction. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 39 11403576
2016 Effects of a Mutation in the HSPE1 Gene Encoding the Mitochondrial Co-chaperonin HSP10 and Its Potential Association with a Neurological and Developmental Disorder. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 38 27774450
1995 Kinetic analysis of interactions between GroEL and reduced alpha-lactalbumin. Effect of GroES and nucleotides. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 7650011
2017 HSP60 possesses a GTPase activity and mediates protein folding with HSP10. Scientific reports 36 29208924
2011 Deregulation of E2-EPF ubiquitin carrier protein in papillary renal cell carcinoma. The American journal of pathology 36 21281817
2001 Structural basis for helper T-cell and antibody epitope immunodominance in bacteriophage T4 Hsp10. Role of disordered loops. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 11602571
2022 Temperature Regulates Stability, Ligand Binding (Mg2+ and ATP), and Stoichiometry of GroEL-GroES Complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 34 35107280
2008 Triggering protein folding within the GroEL-GroES complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 18782766
2007 NO-induced downregulation of HSP10 and HSP60 expression in the postischemic brain. Journal of neuroscience research 32 17348040
2015 Chaperonin-Assisted Protein Folding: Relative Population of Asymmetric and Symmetric GroEL:GroES Complexes. Journal of molecular biology 31 25912285
2012 Coexpression of chaperonin GroEL/GroES markedly enhanced soluble and functional expression of recombinant human interferon-gamma in Escherichia coli. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 21975693
2006 Co-expression of chaperonin GroEL/GroES enhances in vivo folding of yeast mitochondrial aconitase and alters the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 30 16822698
2009 An RNA helicase, CrhR, regulates the low-temperature-inducible expression of heat-shock genes groES, groEL1 and groEL2 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microbiology (Reading, England) 29 19926653
2014 Comparative analysis of Hsp10 and Hsp90 expression in healthy mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. Anticancer research 28 25075042
2008 The predictive role of E2-EPF ubiquitin carrier protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 28 19083192
2004 Myocyte protection by 10 kD heat shock protein (Hsp10) involves the mobile loop and attenuation of the Ras GTP-ase pathway. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 28 15059967
2008 Unusual cellular disposition of the mitochondrial molecular chaperones Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp10. Novartis Foundation symposium 27 18575266
2003 Structural stability and solution structure of chaperonin GroES heptamer studied by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Journal of molecular biology 26 14556748
1984 Early pregnancy factor (EPF): a link between fertilization and immunomodulation. Australian journal of biological sciences 26 6399206
1994 Refolding and recognition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by Escherichia coli chaperonins cpn 60 (groEL) and cpn10 (groES). The Biochemical journal 25 7916564
2015 Hypoxia induced altered expression of heat shock protein genes (Hsc71, Hsp90α and Hsp10) in Indian Catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) under oxidative stress. Molecular biology reports 24 25663092
2013 Hsp10: anatomic distribution, functions, and involvement in human disease. Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) 24 23277031
2012 The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-EPF is overexpressed in cervical cancer and associates with tumor growth. Oncology reports 24 22895574
1997 Stable expression and rapid purification of Escherichia coli GroEL and GroES chaperonins. Protein expression and purification 24 9325138
2024 Glutamine sustains energy metabolism and alleviates liver injury in burn sepsis by promoting the assembly of mitochondrial HSP60-HSP10 complex via SIRT4 dependent protein deacetylation. Redox report : communications in free radical research 23 38329114
2013 Effect of HSP10 on apoptosis induced by testosterone in cultured mouse ovarian granulosa cells. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 23 24161766
2021 Duplicated antagonistic EPF peptides optimize grass stomatal initiation. Development (Cambridge, England) 22 34328169
2014 Molecular cloning of heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10) and 60 (Hsp60) cDNAs and their expression analysis under thermal stress in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 22 24721556
2006 Single-nucleotide variations in the genes encoding the mitochondrial Hsp60/Hsp10 chaperone system and their disease-causing potential. Journal of human genetics 22 17072495
2003 Functional characterization of an archaeal GroEL/GroES chaperonin system: significance of substrate encapsulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 14576149
1998 T-cell recognition of mycobacterial GroES peptides in Thai leprosy patients and contacts. Infection and immunity 22 9746595
2004 Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock proteins Hsp60 and Hsp10 and subfertility in general population at age 31. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 21 15550064
2004 HSP10 selective preference for myeloid and megakaryocytic precursors in normal human bone marrow. European journal of histochemistry : EJH 20 15590416
1995 GroES and the chaperonin-assisted protein folding cycle: GroES has no affinity for nucleotides. FEBS letters 20 7867782
1999 Differential T-cell recognition of native and recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroES. Infection and immunity 19 10531199
1998 Substrate mutations that bypass a specific Cpn10 chaperonin requirement for protein folding. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 9852065
1996 Putting a lid on protein folding: structure and function of the co-chaperonin, GroES. Chemistry & biology 19 8807841
1993 Molecular characterization of the gene operon of heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP10 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 7916607
2020 Role of HSP60/HSP10 in Lung Cancer: Simple Biomarkers or Leading Actors? Journal of oncology 18 32318107
2012 The extracellular protein factor Epf from Streptococcus pyogenes is a cell surface adhesin that binds to cells through an N-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding module. The Journal of biological chemistry 18 22977243
2017 GroEL and the GroEL-GroES Complex. Sub-cellular biochemistry 17 28271487
2016 Overproduction of the Escherichia coli Chaperones GroEL-GroES in Rhodococcus ruber Improves the Activity and Stability of Cell Catalysts Harboring a Nitrile Hydratase. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 17 26562693
2016 Chaperonin GroEL/GroES Over-Expression Promotes Aminoglycoside Resistance and Reduces Drug Susceptibilities in Escherichia coli Following Exposure to Sublethal Aminoglycoside Doses. Frontiers in microbiology 17 26858694
2005 Stage-specific expression of the mitochondrial co-chaperonin of Leishmania donovani, CPN10. Kinetoplastid biology and disease 17 15862128
2023 Role of human HSPE1 for OPA1 processing independent of HSPD1. iScience 16 36818283
2010 Changes in ffh, uvrA, groES and dnaK mRNA abundance as a function of acid-adaptation and growth phase in Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 isolated from healthy centenarians. Current microbiology 16 20835829
2015 Interaction of Heat Shock Protein Cpn10 with the Cyclin E/Cdk2 Substrate Nuclear Protein Ataxia-Telangiectasia (NPAT) Is Involved in Regulating Histone Transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 26429916
2013 Chaperones GroEL/GroES accelerate the refolding of a multidomain protein through modulating on-pathway intermediates. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 24247249
1998 Chaperone protein GrpE and the GroEL/GroES complex promote the correct folding of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein for ribonucleocapsid assembly in vivo. Archives of virology 15 9856102

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