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Showing IFT57HIPPI is a alias.

IFT57

Intraflagellar transport protein 57 homolog · UniProt Q9NWB7

Length
429 aa
Mass
49.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
25 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IFT57 is a dual-function protein that operates both as a structural component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery and as a pro-apoptotic signaling adaptor (HIPPI) (PMID:11788820, PMID:17027958). As an IFT-B2 subunit, IFT57 is required for IFT20 association with the IFT particle and for ATP-dependent dissociation of kinesin-II from the particle, and it stabilizes the assembled IFT complex against degradation while supporting transport of specific motility-related axonemal cargoes rather than serving as an essential structural bridge between IFT-B subcomplexes (PMID:18492793, PMID:28104816). Loss of IFT57 produces cilia assembly and motility defects: knockout mice lack motile node monocilia, randomize left-right axis patterning, and show downregulated Sonic hedgehog signaling with failure of ventral neural cell-fate specification (PMID:17027958). In humans, hypomorphic IFT57 mutations reduce anterograde ciliary transport and Shh signaling and cause oral-facial-digital syndrome with skeletal dysplasia, and a missense variant impairing anterograde IFT is associated with Bardet-Biedl-spectrum ciliopathy in a cell-type-specific manner (PMID:27060890, PMID:40273360). In its second role, IFT57/HIPPI heterodimerizes with HIP-1 through their pseudo death-effector domains and recruits procaspase-8 into a trimeric complex that activates the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, a complex favored when polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin frees HIP-1 from huntingtin (PMID:11788820). Beyond caspase recruitment, the HIPPI pDED directly binds promoter elements of caspase-1, caspase-8, and caspase-10 and of REST/NRSF to drive their transcription, with HIP-1 supplying the nuclear localization required for this transcriptional function (PMID:17173859, PMID:19934260, PMID:21832040).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established IFT57/HIPPI as a pro-apoptotic adaptor by showing how it links the Huntington disease protein HIP-1 to caspase activation.

    Evidence Co-IP, yeast two-hybrid, and cell-based apoptosis assays defining a HIPPI-HIP-1-procaspase-8 trimeric complex

    PMID:11788820

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address IFT57's ciliary function
    • Physiological relevance of the apoptotic complex in vivo not established
  2. 2003 Medium

    Identified additional cytoplasmic binding partners of HIPPI, broadening its potential interaction network.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding, and colocalization mapping Apoptin to the C-terminal/pDED region of HIPPI

    PMID:12745083

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional reconstitution of the Apoptin-HIPPI interaction
    • Significance for apoptosis or ciliary function unresolved
  3. 2005 Medium

    Placed HIPPI-induced cell death in a defined caspase cascade engaging both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

    Evidence GFP-HIPPI overexpression with caspase activity, Bid cleavage, and mitochondrial cytochrome c/AIF release readouts

    PMID:16364650

    Open questions at the time
    • Based on overexpression rather than endogenous protein
    • Causal ordering of caspase-1 vs caspase-8 activation not fully resolved
  4. 2006 Medium

    Revealed a transcriptional arm of HIPPI function by showing its pDED directly binds caspase promoter DNA to upregulate caspase expression.

    Evidence EMSA, fluorescence quenching, ChIP, and luciferase reporter assays mapping HIPPI binding to a caspase-1 upstream sequence

    PMID:17173859

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; in vivo physiological role of promoter binding not established
    • How a cytoplasmic adaptor accesses chromatin unaddressed in this study
  5. 2006 High

    Defined an essential ciliary developmental role by demonstrating that HIPPI/IFT57 loss disrupts node cilia, left-right patterning, and Shh signaling.

    Evidence Hippi knockout mouse with SEM of node cilia, in situ hybridization of Shh targets, and immunohistochemistry

    PMID:17027958

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between IFT57 and Shh transduction not dissected here
    • Relationship between ciliary and apoptotic functions unresolved
  6. 2006 Medium

    Identified Homer1c as a partner that antagonizes HIPPI-induced neuronal apoptosis.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid and primary striatal neuron apoptosis assays with HIPPI-binding-domain deletion mutants

    PMID:17107665

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of protection not defined
    • Endogenous relevance in disease context untested
  7. 2007 Medium

    Pinpointed the specific promoter motif recognized by the HIPPI pDED, establishing sequence-specific DNA binding.

    Evidence EMSA with mutated promoter sequences and luciferase reporter assays in GFP-Hippi HeLa cells

    PMID:17623017

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Structural basis of motif recognition not determined
  8. 2007 Medium

    Identified Rybp/DEDAF as a cofactor required for HIPPI-mediated caspase-8 apoptosis.

    Evidence Co-IP, caspase-8 apoptosis assays with genetic modulation, and neuronal colocalization

    PMID:17874297

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Rybp directly bridges HIPPI to caspase-8 not resolved
    • Single lab
  9. 2008 High

    Defined IFT57's biochemical role within the IFT particle as required for IFT20 incorporation and kinesin-II release.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP from zebrafish ift57 mutant vs wild-type extracts plus photoreceptor phenotyping

    PMID:18492793

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of ATP-dependent kinesin dissociation not biochemically reconstituted
    • IFT remains partially functional, leaving IFT57's precise contribution graded
  10. 2008 Medium

    Identified BLOC1S2 as a HIPPI-specific (not HIP-1-binding) partner that promotes mitochondrial apoptotic sensitization.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, Co-IP, colocalization, and apoptosis sensitization assays in glioblastoma cells

    PMID:18188704

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect link to mitochondrial apoptosis machinery unclear
    • Single lab
  11. 2009 Medium

    Resolved how the cytoplasmic HIPPI reaches the nucleus and identified the catalytic-like residue for promoter binding.

    Evidence HIP-1 knockdown, NLS mutants, nuclear Co-IP, and R393E mutagenesis with reporter assays

    PMID:19934260

    Open questions at the time
    • Composition of the nuclear transcription complex incompletely defined
    • Single lab
  12. 2011 Medium

    Extended HIPPI's transcriptional targets to REST/NRSF, linking nuclear HIPPI to neuronal gene repression relevant to Huntington disease.

    Evidence ChIP, luciferase reporter, HIP-1 NLS/knockdown manipulation, and RT-PCR of REST targets in a HD cell model

    PMID:21832040

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance to HD neurodegeneration not established
    • Single lab
  13. 2016 Medium

    Established IFT57 as a human ciliopathy gene by linking a hypomorphic mutation to reduced IFT and Shh signaling.

    Evidence Exome sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and ciliary transport/Shh assays in patient fibroblasts

    PMID:27060890

    Open questions at the time
    • Single family report
    • Genotype-phenotype mechanism in skeletal tissue not detailed
  14. 2017 Medium

    Clarified that IFT57 is not an essential structural bridge but instead stabilizes the IFT particle and transports specific motility cargoes.

    Evidence Chlamydomonas ift57-1 mutant flagellar proteomics, IFT motility imaging, and waveform analysis

    PMID:28104816

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cargo selectivity unknown
    • Single lab; conservation of role across species inferred
  15. 2025 Medium

    Demonstrated cell-type-specific requirement for IFT57 in ciliogenesis through variant rescue in distinct knockout cell lines.

    Evidence IFT57-KO RPE1 and mIMCD3 cells with exogenous p.(Val397Glu) variant rescue and anterograde IFT assays

    PMID:40273360

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of cell-type-specific dependence unresolved
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How IFT57's ciliary transport role and its HIP-1-dependent apoptotic/transcriptional role are coordinated within a single cell, and whether they share regulatory inputs, remains unresolved.
  • No study integrates the ciliary and apoptotic functions mechanistically
  • No high-resolution structure of the IFT57 pDED-HIP-1 complex with functional validation
  • Endogenous physiological balance between the two roles undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005929 cilium 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2
Complex memberships
HIPPI-HIP-1-procaspase-8 complexIFT complex B (IFT-B2)

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 HIPPI (IFT57) forms a heterodimer with HIP-1 through their pseudo death-effector domains (pDEDs); this heterodimer recruits procaspase-8 into a trimeric complex (HIPPI–HIP-1–procaspase-8) and activates caspase-8, launching apoptosis through the extrinsic cell-death pathway. Formation of this complex is promoted by polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin, which reduces HIP-1 binding to Htt and increases free HIP-1 available to bind HIPPI. Co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, cell-based apoptosis assays, subcellular localization studies Nature cell biology High 11788820
2008 IFT57 is required for IFT20 association with the IFT particle and for ATP-dependent dissociation of kinesin II from the IFT particle in vertebrate photoreceptors; loss of IFT57 results in short outer segments with reduced opsin but does not abolish IFT altogether, indicating IFT57 is required for efficient rather than essential IFT. Co-immunoprecipitation from zebrafish whole-animal extracts (ift57 mutants vs. wild-type), phenotypic analysis of ift57 and ift88 zebrafish mutants, immunohistochemistry Journal of cell science High 18492793
2006 HIPPI (IFT57) knockout in mice abolishes motile monocilia at the embryonic node, causing randomization of left-right axis patterning (heart looping and embryo turning defects), and downregulates the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway in the neural tube, resulting in failure to establish ventral neural cell fate. Hippi knockout mouse generation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for Shh target genes, scanning electron microscopy of node cilia Developmental biology High 17027958
2017 In Chlamydomonas, IFT57 (IFT-B2 subunit) does not play an essential structural role bridging IFT-B1 and IFT-B2 subcomplexes; instead, IFT57 prevents degradation of the IFT particle (stabilizes assembled complex) and is required for transport of specific motility-related axonemal proteins, with its loss disrupting flagellar waveform and cell swimming. Analysis of Chlamydomonas ift57-1 mutant: flagellar protein composition by mass spectrometry/immunoblot, IFT motility imaging, flagellar waveform analysis Journal of cell science Medium 28104816
2006 The C-terminal pseudo death-effector domain (pDED) of HIPPI directly binds a 60 bp upstream sequence (−151 to −92) of the caspase-1 promoter in vitro and in vivo, increasing caspase-1 transcription; HIPPI also binds promoter sequences of caspase-8 and caspase-10, increasing their expression. EMSA, fluorescence quenching, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assay in HeLa and Neuro2A cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17173859
2007 The C-terminal pDED of HIPPI interacts with a specific motif AAAGACATG (−101 to −93) in the caspase-1 upstream sequence; mutations in this motif reduce HIPPI binding and promoter activity. HIPPI similarly interacts with analogous motifs in caspase-8 and caspase-10 promoters. EMSA with mutated promoter sequences, luciferase reporter assay with mutant promoters in GFP-Hippi-expressing HeLa cells The FEBS journal Medium 17623017
2009 Nuclear translocation of HIPPI is mediated by HIP-1 (which carries a nuclear localization signal); the HIPPI–HIP-1 heterodimer associates with the transcription complex in the nucleus and regulates caspase-1 expression. The R393 residue of HIPPI's pDED is critical for DNA promoter interaction; R393E mutation reduces caspase-1 promoter binding and expression. HIP-1 knockdown, HIP-1 nuclear localization signal mutants, deletion mutants, co-immunoprecipitation of nuclear transcription complex, R393E mutagenesis with promoter-binding and reporter assays Nucleic acids research Medium 19934260
2011 HIPPI binds to the REST/NRSF promoter and increases its expression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, consequently repressing REST target genes (BDNF, PENK). This nuclear function requires HIP-1 as a nuclear transporter; in a Huntington disease cell model, mutant huntingtin reduces HIP-1 binding, freeing HIP-1–HIPPI to accumulate in the nucleus and upregulate REST. ChIP assay (HIPPI occupancy at REST promoter), luciferase reporter assay, HIP-1 NLS mutants, HIP-1 knockdown, RT-PCR for REST target genes, Huntington disease cell model The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 21832040
2003 Apoptin interacts with HIPPI both in vitro (GST pulldown/yeast two-hybrid) and in human cells (co-localization in cytoplasm of normal cells); Apoptin binds the C-terminal half of HIPPI including its pDED-like motif, while HIPPI binds within the self-multimerization domain of Apoptin. In cancer cells, Apoptin translocates to the nucleus and shows only modest colocalization with cytoplasmic HIPPI. Yeast two-hybrid screen, in vitro binding assay, co-localization by fluorescence microscopy, domain mapping Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 12745083
2007 Rybp (DEDAF) physically interacts with HIPPI and synergizes with HIPPI to enhance caspase-8-mediated apoptosis; Rybp appears essential for HIPPI-mediated apoptosis and may mediate or regulate the HIPPI–caspase-8 interaction. Rybp and HIPPI co-localize in a subset of neurons in the developing mouse brain. Co-immunoprecipitation, apoptosis assays (cell death quantification with caspase-8 readouts), immunofluorescence co-localization in mouse brain sections Apoptosis Medium 17874297
2005 Exogenous HIPPI expression induces apoptosis involving sequential activation of caspase-1 and caspase-8 (prior to caspase-3), Bid cleavage, and release of cytochrome c and AIF from mitochondria, indicating HIPPI triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathways. GFP-HIPPI overexpression in HeLa and Neuro2A cells; caspase activity assays, cytochrome c/AIF release by fractionation and immunoblot, nuclear fragmentation quantification Neurobiology of disease Medium 16364650
2008 BLOC1S2 interacts specifically with HIPPI but not HIP-1 (by yeast two-hybrid and Co-IP); BLOC1S2 co-localizes with mitochondria and, together with HIPPI, sensitizes glioblastoma cells to staurosporine- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular colocalization (immunofluorescence), apoptosis sensitization assays Apoptosis Medium 18188704
2006 Homer1c binds HIPPI (identified by yeast two-hybrid of mouse brain cDNA library); this interaction is specific (Homer2 does not bind HIPPI). Co-expression of Homer1c with HIPPI in cultured striatal neurons prevents HIPPI-induced apoptosis in a Homer1c–HIPPI binding-dependent manner (deletion of HIPPI binding domain abolishes protection). Yeast two-hybrid, primary neuron culture apoptosis assays with Homer1c co-expression and deletion mutants Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 17107665
2016 A homozygous hypomorphic mutation in IFT57 in humans causes oral-facial-digital syndrome with skeletal dysplasia; patient fibroblasts show significantly decreased anterograde ciliary transport and reduced sonic hedgehog signaling compared to controls, establishing IFT57 as required for ciliary transport and Shh signaling in human cells. Exome sequencing, homozygosity mapping, splicing assay, ciliary transport assay and Shh signaling measurement in patient-derived fibroblasts Clinical genetics Medium 27060890
2025 A missense variant p.(Val397Glu) in IFT57 (the predominant expressed variant in a BBS patient) causes primary cilia defects and impairs anterograde IFT; exogenous expression of the variant partially rescued cilia structure, function, and anterograde transport in Ift57-KO mIMCD3 cells but did not rescue primary cilia in retinal IFT57-KO RPE1 cells, indicating a cell-type-specific requirement for IFT57 in ciliogenesis. Patient fibroblast analysis, IFT57-KO RPE1 and mIMCD3 cell lines, exogenous variant rescue experiments, cilia structure/function and anterograde transport assays Human molecular genetics Medium 40273360
2006 The pseudo death-effector domain (pDED) of HIPPI was successfully crystallized (space group P4(1), two molecules per asymmetric unit), enabling structural determination of the domain responsible for HIP-1 interaction and caspase-8 recruitment. Protein expression, purification, and X-ray crystallography (preliminary crystallographic analysis) Acta crystallographica Section F Low 17142908
2007 Crystal structure of HIP-1 coiled-coil domain (residues 371–481) at 2.8 Å shows a partially opened coiled coil with a basic surface suitable for HIPPI binding; residues F432 and K474 are important for HIPPI binding. The interaction module is a coiled coil, not a death-effector domain as previously predicted. X-ray crystallography at 2.8 Å resolution, structural modeling Journal of molecular biology Medium 18155047

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 25 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Recruitment and activation of caspase-8 by the Huntingtin-interacting protein Hip-1 and a novel partner Hippi. Nature cell biology 232 11788820
2008 The intraflagellar transport protein IFT57 is required for cilia maintenance and regulates IFT-particle-kinesin-II dissociation in vertebrate photoreceptors. Journal of cell science 109 18492793
2009 Early defects in photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis in zebrafish ift57, ift88 and ift172 Intraflagellar Transport mutants. Vision research 80 19136023
2006 Hippi is essential for node cilia assembly and Sonic hedgehog signaling. Developmental biology 78 17027958
2009 Zebrafish ift57, ift88, and ift172 intraflagellar transport mutants disrupt cilia but do not affect hedgehog signaling. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 60 19517571
2008 Huntington's disease: roles of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP-1) and its molecular partner HIPPI in the regulation of apoptosis and transcription. The FEBS journal 35 18637945
2003 The viral death protein Apoptin interacts with Hippi, the protein interactor of Huntingtin-interacting protein 1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 32 12745083
2005 Induction of apoptosis in cells expressing exogenous Hippi, a molecular partner of huntingtin-interacting protein Hip1. Neurobiology of disease 24 16364650
2007 Rybp interacts with Hippi and enhances Hippi-mediated apoptosis. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 23 17874297
2016 Autosomal recessive IFT57 hypomorphic mutation cause ciliary transport defect in unclassified oral-facial-digital syndrome with short stature and brachymesophalangia. Clinical genetics 19 27060890
2011 Regulation of RE1 protein silencing transcription factor (REST) expression by HIP1 protein interactor (HIPPI). The Journal of biological chemistry 19 21832040
2008 BLOC1S2 interacts with the HIPPI protein and sensitizes NCH89 glioblastoma cells to apoptosis. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 17 18188704
2007 Crystal structure at 2.8 A of Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) coiled-coil domain reveals a charged surface suitable for HIP1 protein interactor (HIPPI). Journal of molecular biology 15 18155047
2017 The Ciliary Protein IFT57 in the Macronucleus of Paramecium. The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 28474836
2016 HIPPI: highly accurate protein family classification with ensembles of HMMs. BMC genomics 13 28185571
2009 Transcription regulation of caspase-1 by R393 of HIPPI and its molecular partner HIP-1. Nucleic acids research 11 19934260
2002 Hip1 and Hippi participate in a novel cell death-signaling pathway. Developmental cell 11 11832235
2017 IFT57 stabilizes the assembled intraflagellar transport complex and mediates transport of motility-related flagellar cargo. Journal of cell science 10 28104816
2007 Interactions of HIPPI, a molecular partner of Huntingtin interacting protein HIP1, with the specific motif present at the putative promoter sequence of the caspase-1, caspase-8 and caspase-10 genes. The FEBS journal 10 17623017
2006 Interaction of HIPPI with putative promoter sequence of caspase-1 in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 17173859
2006 Homer1c interacts with Hippi and protects striatal neurons from apoptosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 17107665
2021 Silencing HIPPI Suppresses Tumor Progression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting DNA Replication. OncoTargets and therapy 6 34079292
2025 Defective IFT57 underlies a novel cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Human molecular genetics 2 40273360
2024 CD47 and IFT57 Are Colinear Genes That Are Highly Coexpressed in Most Cancers and Exhibit Parallel Cancer-Specific Correlations with Survival. International journal of molecular sciences 2 39201643
2006 Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of pseudo death-effector domain of HIPPI, a molecular partner of Huntingtin-interacting protein HIP-1. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 1 17142908

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