Affinage

GYPA

Glycophorin-A · UniProt P02724

Round 2 corrected
Length
150 aa
Mass
16.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Glycophorin A (GYPA) is the major sialoglycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane, functioning as the carrier of MN blood group antigens, a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum invasion, and a chaperone-like facilitator of AE1 (band 3) surface expression and anion transport. Its 131-residue polypeptide is organized into a heavily O- and N-glycosylated extracellular domain (16 O-linked and 1 N-linked sites), a single transmembrane α-helix that mediates SDS-stable homodimerization through van der Waals-driven helix–helix packing at a crossing angle of −40°, and a cytoplasmic tail (PMID:1059087, PMID:8286855, PMID:9082985, PMID:1560003). The >40 MNS antigenic variants arise primarily from unequal homologous recombination and gene conversion between the highly homologous GYPA and GYPB genes, and structural rearrangements at this locus—such as the Dantu GYPB-A hybrid—confer approximately 40% protection against severe P. falciparum malaria (PMID:9269716, PMID:28522690, PMID:17430076). GYPA is required for P. falciparum erythrocyte invasion via binding of the parasite ligand EBA175, and it enables surface trafficking and Cl⁻ transport activity of the AE1 anion exchanger in heterologous expression systems (PMID:7040988, PMID:24297912, PMID:19907019).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1975 High

    Determining the complete amino acid sequence and glycosylation map of GYPA established the first structural blueprint of a type I transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, defining its three-domain topology and dense extracellular glycosylation.

    Evidence Edman degradation sequencing and oligosaccharide linkage analysis of purified glycophorin

    PMID:1059087

    Open questions at the time
    • Post-translational modification heterogeneity across individuals not resolved
    • Three-dimensional structure unknown at this stage
  2. 1982 High

    Showing that erythrocytes genetically deficient in GYPA resist P. falciparum invasion established GYPA as a functional host receptor for malaria, opening the question of which parasite ligand engages it.

    Evidence Ex vivo invasion assays using glycophorin-deficient human erythrocytes

    PMID:7040988

    Open questions at the time
    • Parasite ligand binding GYPA not yet identified
    • Sialic acid versus protein backbone contribution to receptor function not dissected
  3. 1987 High

    cDNA cloning and genomic characterization of GYPA and GYPB revealed >95% sequence identity and an Alu-mediated gene duplication origin, explaining the molecular substrate for the frequent recombination events that generate MNS blood group variants.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern blots, genomic library screening, and intron/exon junction sequencing

    PMID:2734312 PMID:3456608 PMID:3477806

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional regulation beyond PMA response not characterized
    • Functional consequence of alternative mRNA species not determined
  4. 1992 High

    Systematic mutagenesis of the transmembrane helix demonstrated that GYPA homodimerization depends on specific side-chain contacts at defined positions, answering how a single transmembrane span achieves stable, sequence-specific self-association.

    Evidence Fusion protein expression in E. coli with SDS-PAGE dimerization assay and site-directed mutagenesis

    PMID:1560003

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure of the dimer not yet available
    • Functional role of dimerization in vivo not established
  5. 1993 High

    Mapping all 16 O-glycosylation sites and defining four glycosyltransferase recognition motifs explained the dense extracellular glycan coat and provided rules predicting glycosylation at every Ser/Thr position.

    Evidence Solid-phase Edman degradation with quantitative identification of glycosylated residues

    PMID:8286855

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycan structure microheterogeneity at each site not fully resolved
    • Functional consequence of individual glycosylation sites not tested
  6. 1997 High

    The NMR structure of the GYPA transmembrane dimer resolved the helix–helix interface at atomic detail, proving that van der Waals forces alone—without interhelical hydrogen bonds—suffice for stable and specific transmembrane helix association, establishing a paradigm for membrane protein assembly.

    Evidence Solution NMR of a 40-residue transmembrane peptide in SDS micelles

    PMID:9082985

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure in a native lipid bilayer environment not determined
    • Whether dimerization modulates receptor or chaperone functions of GYPA in vivo remains unknown
  7. 1997 High

    Molecular characterization of ~40 MNS blood group variants showed that nearly all arise from recombination hotspots within the 4 kb extracellular-domain coding region of GYPA/GYPB, establishing the genetic mechanism underlying serological diversity.

    Evidence Molecular characterization of recombinant glycophorin genes with serological correlation

    PMID:9269716

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional impact of most variant antigens on erythrocyte biology or malaria susceptibility not assessed
  8. 2009 High

    Demonstrating that GYPA is required for surface expression and anion transport of the AE1 mutant E758K revealed a chaperone-like role for GYPA beyond its known receptor and antigen functions, broadening understanding of its erythrocyte membrane biology.

    Evidence Xenopus and Ambystoma oocyte expression with ³⁶Cl⁻ and ⁸⁶Rb⁺ flux assays ± GYPA coexpression

    PMID:19907019

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GYPA chaperones wild-type AE1 similarly in native erythrocytes not directly shown in this study
    • Molecular interface between GYPA and AE1 not mapped
  9. 2013 High

    Binding studies showing that EBA175 orthologs from chimpanzee-restricted Plasmodium species also bind human GYPA demonstrated that the EBA175–GYPA interaction is conserved across Laverania but insufficient to explain host specificity.

    Evidence Recombinant EBA175 binding assays with site-directed mutagenesis of receptor residues

    PMID:24297912

    Open questions at the time
    • Additional host determinants of species specificity not identified
    • Structural basis of EBA175–GYPA interaction at atomic resolution not resolved
  10. 2017 High

    A large-scale genomic study linked the Dantu GYPB-A hybrid structural variant to ~40% reduced risk of severe malaria, demonstrating that GYPA/GYPB structural variation is under recent positive selection and acts as a natural determinant of malaria resistance.

    Evidence Genome sequencing of 1269 individuals with copy-number variant detection and case-control association with severe malaria

    PMID:28522690

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise mechanism by which Dantu reduces parasite invasion not resolved at the molecular level
    • Whether Dantu protection operates through altered EBA175 binding, membrane biophysics, or another mechanism remains open

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of the EBA175–GYPA interaction at atomic resolution, the molecular interface between GYPA and AE1, and the mechanism by which Dantu and other glycophorin structural variants confer malaria resistance.
  • No co-crystal or cryo-EM structure of EBA175–GYPA complex
  • GYPA–AE1 interaction interface unmapped
  • Functional mechanism of Dantu-mediated invasion resistance undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 1
Partners
EBA175SLC4A1
Complex memberships
GYPA homodimerGYPA–AE1 (band 3) complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1975 Glycophorin A (GPA/GYPA) was determined to be a 131 amino acid protein organized into three distinct structural domains: an N-terminal glycosylated extracellular segment (~64 residues), a hydrophobic transmembrane segment (~32 nonpolar residues), and a hydrophilic C-terminal cytoplasmic segment (~35 residues). It carries 15 O-glycosidic oligosaccharides linked to Thr/Ser and one N-linked oligosaccharide, establishing it as a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein with defined topological organization. Edman degradation sequencing of purified glycophorin; biochemical characterization of oligosaccharide linkages Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 1059087
1986 Glycophorin A is encoded by a gene producing multiple mRNA species (~2.8, 1.7, and 1.0 kb), with cDNA cloning revealing the presence of a potential signal leader peptide consistent with membrane localization. The cDNA sequence confirmed the protein's structure and enabled distinction from glycophorin B transcripts. cDNA library screening with synthetic oligonucleotide probes; RNA blot hybridization; nucleotide sequencing Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 3456608
1987 The GYPA and GYPB genes are coordinately and negatively regulated by phorbol ester (PMA), share nearly identical nucleotide sequences in the N-terminal leader and first 26 amino acid coding regions, and diverge in sequences encoding the extracellular domains. The high sequence identity (>95%) between GYPA and GYPB arises from gene duplication followed by divergence. cDNA cloning; RNA blot hybridization with cDNA and oligonucleotide probes; phorbol ester treatment of K562 cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 3477806
1989 The GYPA gene consists of 7 exons and GYPB of 5 exons, with greater than 95% sequence identity from the 5' flanking region through the transmembrane-encoding region. GYPB lacks one exon due to a point mutation at the 5' splice site of the third intron. The transition from homologous to non-homologous sequence between the two genes is localized within Alu repeat sequences, indicating that GYPB arose from GYPA by homologous recombination at Alu repeats during gene duplication. Genomic library screening; intron/exon structure determination by oligonucleotide mapping; nucleotide sequencing of exon-intron junctions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2734312
1992 The single transmembrane alpha-helix of glycophorin A mediates SDS-stable homodimerization through specific side-by-side helix-helix interactions. Deletion mutagenesis defined the minimum transmembrane domain sufficient for dimerization, and site-directed mutagenesis showed that conservative substitutions at a valine residue on one face of the helix disrupt dimerization, while substitutions at a methionine do not, revealing a high degree of specificity with a defined interfacial surface. Fusion protein expression in E. coli; SDS-PAGE dimerization assay; deletion and site-directed mutagenesis; peptide competition The Journal of biological chemistry High 1560003
1993 Solid-phase Edman degradation identified 16 O-glycosylation sites and 1 N-glycosylation site in the extracellular domain of glycophorin A. Four sequence motifs recognized by erythrocyte glycosyltransferases were defined: three for Thr-glycosylation and one for Ser-glycosylation, explaining glycosylation or its absence at all 22 Ser/Thr in the extracellular domain. Automated solid-phase Edman degradation; quantitative identification of O-glycosylated Ser and Thr residues Glycobiology High 8286855
1996 A more global computational search method for the GpA transmembrane dimer produced a revised structural model in which the two helices are arranged more symmetrically than previously predicted, with improved van der Waals interaction energy and increased buried surface area, and lacking the interhelical hydrogen bond between Thr-87 residues proposed in the earlier model. Global searching computational method for structure prediction; energy minimization Proteins Medium 8953647
1997 The three-dimensional structure of the dimeric transmembrane domain of glycophorin A was determined by solution NMR spectroscopy of a 40-residue peptide in detergent micelles. The two membrane-spanning alpha-helices cross at an angle of -40° and form a small, well-packed interface stabilized exclusively by van der Waals interactions without intermonomer hydrogen bonds, demonstrating that van der Waals forces alone can mediate stable and specific transmembrane helix associations. Solution NMR spectroscopy of transmembrane peptide in SDS micelles; structure determination Science High 9082985
1982 Erythrocytes genetically deficient in glycophorin A resist invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, establishing GYPA as a functional receptor required for P. falciparum erythrocyte invasion. Ex vivo invasion assay using erythrocytes from individuals with glycophorin-deficient phenotypes Nature High 7040988
1997 The MNS blood group antigenic variants of glycophorin A arise predominantly from gene recombinations (unequal homologous recombination and gene conversion) between GYPA and GYPB alleles, confined to hotspots within the 4 kb extracellular domain-coding region. Variant epitopes map to new intra- and inter-exon junctions or to previously silenced sequences re-expressed after recombination, accounting for close to 40 variant MNS phenotypes. Serological analysis; molecular characterization of recombinant glycophorin genes; mRNA splicing analysis Transfusion clinique et biologique High 9269716
2009 The spherostomatocytosis AE1 mutant E758K requires coexpressed glycophorin A (GPA) for surface expression in oocytes and exhibits GPA-dependent DIDS-sensitive Cl⁻ transport and Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻ exchange activity. This demonstrates that GPA functions as a chaperone-like factor enabling surface expression and anion transport activity of certain AE1 mutants, while the associated cation (Rb⁺) leak is largely GPA-independent, indicating GPA specifically modulates AE1 anion transport but not AE1-induced endogenous cation permeability. Xenopus and Ambystoma oocyte expression system; ³⁶Cl⁻ flux assay; ⁸⁶Rb⁺ flux assay; DIDS inhibition; surface expression analysis American journal of physiology. Cell physiology High 19907019
2013 The P. falciparum invasion ligand EBA175 binds to GYPA on the erythrocyte surface, and EBA175 orthologs from chimpanzee-restricted parasites (P. reichenowi, P. billcollinsi) also bind human GYPA with similar affinity, indicating that the EBA175-GYPA interaction alone is not sufficient to determine Laverania host species specificity. Recombinant protein production; biophysical binding assays; site-directed mutagenesis of receptor residues Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24297912
2014 SARA, a low-frequency MNS blood group antigen (now designated MNS47), is caused by a single nucleotide variant c.240G>T in GYPA encoding the amino acid substitution p.Arg80Ser in the extracellular domain of glycophorin A. Peptide inhibition studies confirmed that a peptide containing the SARA sequence inhibited anti-SARA antibody binding by 84.6%, validating the molecular basis. Exome sequencing; Sanger sequencing of GYPA exon 3; peptide inhibition assay; bioinformatics filtering Transfusion High 25523184
2017 Structural variation at the GYPA/GYPB locus, specifically a complex rearrangement involving loss of GYPB and gain of two GYPB-A hybrid genes encoding the Dantu blood group antigen, reduces the risk of severe malaria by approximately 40% and has recently increased in frequency in parts of Kenya. This identifies GYPA/GYPB structural variants as determinants of natural resistance to P. falciparum invasion. Genome sequence analysis of 1269 individuals; copy-number variant detection; association analysis with severe malaria outcomes; serological characterization of Dantu antigen Science High 28522690
2006 MNS blood group antigens are carried on glycophorin A (expressing M or N antigens) and glycophorin B (expressing S, s, and 'N' antigens). The more than 40 distinct MNS antigens result from single nucleotide substitutions or gene recombinations between the highly homologous GYPA and GYPB genes (95% sequence identity), with the rare involvement of GYPE, producing hybrid molecules carrying novel antigens. Molecular typing; sequence analysis; review of serological and molecular evidence Immunohematology High 17430076

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
1997 A transmembrane helix dimer: structure and implications. Science (New York, N.Y.) 857 9082985
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2004 Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. Advances in microbial physiology 775 15518832
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
1995 Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. Nature 660 7566098
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1975 Amino-acid sequence and oligosaccharide attachment sites of human erythrocyte glycophorin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 609 1059087
2009 Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identify multiple loci associated with pulmonary function. Nature genetics 515 20010835
2009 Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function. Nature genetics 465 20010834
2015 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human genetic disorders. Cell 454 25910212
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
1992 Glycophorin A dimerization is driven by specific interactions between transmembrane alpha-helices. The Journal of biological chemistry 424 1560003
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2010 Variants in FAM13A are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nature genetics 318 20173748
2009 A genome-wide association study of pulmonary function measures in the Framingham Heart Study. PLoS genetics 262 19300500
2011 Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets. Nature methods 200 21516116
1982 Erythrocytes deficiency in glycophorin resist invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 174 7040988
2005 Evidence for the presence of Mn(III) intermediates in the bacterial oxidation of Mn(II). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 165 15800042
2014 GPA: a statistical approach to prioritizing GWAS results by integrating pleiotropy and annotation. PLoS genetics 161 25393678
1996 Improved prediction for the structure of the dimeric transmembrane domain of glycophorin A obtained through global searching. Proteins 152 8953647
2004 Worms taste bitter: ASH neurons, QUI-1, GPA-3 and ODR-3 mediate quinine avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. The EMBO journal 137 14988722
1987 Molecular cloning of a human glycophorin B cDNA: nucleotide sequence and genomic relationship to glycophorin A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 130 3477806
2004 Dimerization of the transmembrane domain of Integrin alphaIIb subunit in cell membranes. The Journal of biological chemistry 128 15067009
2017 Resistance to malaria through structural variation of red blood cell invasion receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 126 28522690
2013 Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine. Journal of proteomics 126 23376485
2009 Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe): interdependency of transport and regulation. Neurotoxicity research 123 19921534
1986 Isolation and characterization of human glycophorin A cDNA clones by a synthetic oligonucleotide approach: nucleotide sequence and mRNA structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 123 3456608
1989 Structural organization of glycophorin A and B genes: glycophorin B gene evolved by homologous recombination at Alu repeat sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120 2734312
2017 The Key to Mn Homeostasis in Plants: Regulation of Mn Transporters. Trends in plant science 117 28087151
1993 Glycosylation sites identified by solid-phase Edman degradation: O-linked glycosylation motifs on human glycophorin A. Glycobiology 96 8286855
2013 RH5-Basigin interaction plays a major role in the host tropism of Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 24297912
2010 Chromosome 4q31 locus in COPD is also associated with lung cancer. The European respiratory journal 93 21119205
2002 Natural selection on the erythrocyte surface. Molecular biology and evolution 93 11861881
2001 Differential cytotoxicity of Mn(II) and Mn(III): special reference to mitochondrial [Fe-S] containing enzymes. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 88 11543648
2015 Novel Preparation Methods of (52)Mn for ImmunoPET Imaging. Bioconjugate chemistry 75 26317429
2010 Dose-response assessment of four genotoxic chemicals in a combined mouse and rat micronucleus (MN) and Comet assay protocol. The Journal of toxicological sciences 75 20371966
2005 Cortical localization of the Galpha protein GPA-16 requires RIC-8 function during C. elegans asymmetric cell division. Development (Cambridge, England) 73 16162648
2019 Thiol regulation by Mn porphyrins, commonly known as SOD mimics. Redox biology 70 31126869
2001 cumA multicopper oxidase genes from diverse Mn(II)-oxidizing and non-Mn(II)-oxidizing Pseudomonas strains. Applied and environmental microbiology 70 11526033
1958 The active transport of Mg++ and Mn++ into the yeast cell. The Journal of general physiology 65 13491823
2003 Embryonic handedness choice in C. elegans involves the Galpha protein GPA-16. Development (Cambridge, England) 61 14534142
2006 LET-99, GOA-1/GPA-16, and GPR-1/2 are required for aster-positioned cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 60 17189697
1996 Heterologous expression and reconstitution of fungal Mn peroxidase. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 58 8809085
1996 Assembly of the tetra-Mn site of photosynthetic water oxidation by photoactivation: Mn stoichiometry and detection of a new intermediate. Biochemistry 57 8672445
2015 Anticancer therapeutic potential of Mn porphyrin/ascorbate system. Free radical biology & medicine 56 26496207
2023 Mn-based cGAS-STING activation for tumor therapy. Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu 53 36910853
2023 Ca & Mn dual-ion hybrid nanostimulator boosting anti-tumor immunity via ferroptosis and innate immunity awakening. Bioactive materials 49 38125638
2015 Growing thrombi release increased levels of CD235a(+) microparticles and decreased levels of activated platelet-derived microparticles. Validation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 49 26239059
2013 Sesamin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: involvement of Sirt1 and Mn-SOD pathway. Toxicology letters 49 24211423
2016 Au@MnS@ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Enhanced Cancer Radiation Therapy. ACS applied materials & interfaces 46 27039932
2016 Early Development of Definitive Erythroblasts from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Defined by Expression of Glycophorin A/CD235a, CD34, and CD36. Stem cell reports 46 27720903
2014 Activation of MAPK and FoxO by manganese (Mn) in rat neonatal primary astrocyte cultures. PloS one 46 24787138
2014 Golgi localized barley MTP8 proteins facilitate Mn transport. PloS one 45 25486417
2013 Manganese (Mn) oxidation increases intracellular Mn in Pseudomonas putida GB-1. PloS one 45 24147089
2011 Effects of natural selection and gene conversion on the evolution of human glycophorins coding for MNS blood polymorphisms in malaria-endemic African populations. American journal of human genetics 42 21664997
2020 GPA peptide inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation to ameliorate colitis through AMPK pathway. Aging 41 32950971
2008 Impact of electrostatics in redox modulation of oxidative stress by Mn porphyrins: protection of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli via alternative mechanism where Mn porphyrin acts as a Mn carrier. Free radical biology & medicine 41 18457677
2019 Background Signal-Free Magnetic Bioassay for Food-Borne Pathogen and Residue of Veterinary Drug via Mn(VII)/Mn(II) Interconversion. ACS sensors 38 31593439
2012 Why nature chose Mn for the water oxidase in Photosystem II. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 38 22580684
2009 The GPA-dependent, spherostomatocytosis mutant AE1 E758K induces GPA-independent, endogenous cation transport in amphibian oocytes. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 36 19907019
2022 The Many Faces of NELL1 MN. Clinical kidney journal 31 36865014
2007 Circulating oncoproteins HER2/neu, EGFR and CAIX (MN) as novel cancer biomarkers. Expert review of molecular diagnostics 31 17489737
1995 Arab population data on the PCR-based loci: HLA-DQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, Gc, and D1S80. Journal of forensic sciences 30 7595333
2010 The RNA backbone plays a crucial role in mediating the intrinsic stability of the GpU dinucleotide platform and the GpUpA/GpA miniduplex. Nucleic acids research 29 20223772
2022 Highly Efficient Electrochemiluminescence of MnS:CdS@ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots for Ultrasensitive Detection of MicroRNA. Analytical chemistry 28 35483064
2017 OsMTP11 is localised at the Golgi and contributes to Mn tolerance. Scientific reports 28 29127328
1993 GPA and CNTF produce similar effects in sympathetic neurones but differ in receptor binding. Neuroreport 28 8298104
2016 Genetics and pathophysiology of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and its main autoantigen proteinase 3. Molecular and cellular probes 25 27559009
2020 GPA peptide enhances Nur77 expression in intestinal epithelial cells to exert a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 32978839
2020 Dual-metal-driven Selective Pathway of Nitrogen Reduction in Orderly Atomic-hybridized Re2MnS6 Ultrathin Nanosheets. Nano letters 23 32463682
2018 Rice reduces Mn uptake in response to Mn stress. Plant signaling & behavior 23 29286886
2018 The Impact of Environmental Mn Exposure on Insect Biology. Frontiers in genetics 21 29545824
2019 Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the ABO, MNS, P1PK, Rh, Lutheran, Kell, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, Yt, and Xg blood group systems. Immunohematology 20 31621367
2013 High-spin ribbons and antiferromagnetic ordering of a Mn(II)-biradical-Mn(II) complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society 20 23984987
1997 Molecular genetics of glycophorin MNS variants. Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine 20 9269716
2019 Membranous Nephropathy (MN) Recurrence After Renal Transplantation. Frontiers in immunology 19 31244861
2019 Observation of methane filled hexagonal ice stable up to 150 GPa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19 31332007
2017 Bioresorbable Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-HA Materials for Orthopedic Implantation: Enhancing Degradation through Porosity Control. Advanced healthcare materials 19 28449254
2017 Biochemical and Spectroscopic Observation of Mn(II) Sequestration from Bacterial Mn(II) Transport Machinery by Calprotectin. Journal of the American Chemical Society 19 29211955
2015 Aluminium alleviates manganese toxicity to rice by decreasing root symplastic Mn uptake and reducing availability to shoots of Mn stored in roots. Annals of botany 19 26105187
2022 Ligand-Assisted Formation of Soluble Mn(III) and Bixbyite-like Mn2O3 by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Environmental science & technology 18 35226466
2013 Oxidized eicosapentaenoic acids more potently reduce LXRα-induced cellular triacylglycerol via suppression of SREBP-1c, PGC-1β and GPA than its intact form. Lipids in health and disease 18 23680128
2006 Unusual Mn-Mn spin coupling in the polar intermetallic compounds CaMn2Sb2 and SrMn2Sb2. Inorganic chemistry 18 16676965
2023 Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Root in Soybean Responding to Mn Poisoning. International journal of molecular sciences 17 37628908
2018 NMR at pressures up to 90 GPa. Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) 17 29778072
2017 Chemokine receptor co-expression reveals aberrantly distributed TH effector memory cells in GPA patients. Arthritis research & therapy 17 28615072
2013 Equation of state, refractive index and polarizability of compressed water to 7 GPa and 673 K. The Journal of chemical physics 16 23406131
2012 The Caenorhabditis elegans D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-2 physically interacts with GPA-14, a Gαi subunit. Journal of molecular signaling 16 22280843
2012 A Mn(II)-Mn(II) center in human prolidase. Biochimica et biophysica acta 16 22999980
2010 Manganese bioconcentration in aquatic insects: Mn oxide coatings, molting loss, and Mn(II) thiol scavenging. Environmental science & technology 16 21049994
1982 Establishment and characterization of a human EBV-negative B cell line (MN 60). Leukemia research 16 6296550
2023 Single-Atom Mn Catalysts via Integration with Mn Sub Nano-Clusters Synergistically Enhance Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 15 38112245
2019 Smoking-associated AHRR demethylation in cord blood DNA: impact of CD235a+ nucleated red blood cells. Clinical epigenetics 15 31182156
2019 Chemical flexibility of heterobimetallic Mn/Fe cofactors: R2lox and R2c proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 31591267
2014 Immunohistochemical localization of Nox1, Nox4 and Mn-SOD in mouse femur during endochondral ossification. Tissue & cell 15 25152242
2001 Platelet storage in PAS-2 or autologous plasma: impact on functional parameters. Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) 15 11299027
2023 An Optimized Workflow to Generate and Characterize iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron (MN) Spheroids. Cells 14 36831212
2019 A MnII MnIII -Peroxide Complex Capable of Aldehyde Deformylation. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 14 30830996
2008 DNA-based typing of Kell, Kidd, MNS, Dombrock, Colton, and Yt blood group systems in the French Basques. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 14 18186512
2007 Fabrication and efficiency evaluation of a hybrid NiCrAl pressure cell up to 4 GPa. The Review of scientific instruments 14 17672771
1988 An RFLP for glycoprotein A (MN) is in linkage disequilibrium with MN and Ss. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 14 2897896
2017 Kinetic and metabolic profiles of synthetic cannabinoids NNEI and MN-18. Drug testing and analysis 13 28834241
2025 An Atomically Dispersed Mn Photocatalyst for Vicinal Dichlorination of Nonactivated Alkenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 12 40130771
2023 Site-Differentiated MnIIFeII Complex Reproducing the Selective Assembly of Biological Heterobimetallic Mn/Fe Cofactors. Journal of the American Chemical Society 12 36749207
2020 Three-Dimensional-Order Macroporous AB2O4 Spinels (A, B =Co and Mn) as Electrodes in Zn-Air Batteries. ACS applied materials & interfaces 12 33207869
2018 Complex signatures of natural selection at GYPA. Human genetics 12 29362874
2017 Imaging neuronal pathways with 52Mn PET: Toxicity evaluation in rats. NeuroImage 12 28669916
2017 Mn K-edge X-ray absorption studies of mononuclear Mn(III)-hydroxo complexes. Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 12 29052794
2024 Enhanced Degradation of Micropollutants in a Peracetic Acid/Mn(II) System with EDDS: An Investigation of the Role of Mn Species. Environmental science & technology 11 38913078
2017 Water-carbon dioxide solid phase equilibria at pressures above 4 GPa. Scientific reports 11 28400579
2013 Theoretical studies on the reaction mechanism of PP1 and the effects of different oxidation states of the Mn-Mn center on the mechanism. Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 11 23463033
2025 Mn-N-C with High-Density Atomically Dispersed Mn Active Sites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 10 40247708
2024 Multisignal Biosensors Based on Mn Paramagnetic Relaxation and Nanocatalysis for Norovirus Detection. Analytical chemistry 10 38411081
2021 Action-at-a-distance mutations at 5'-GpA-3' sites induced by oxidised guanine in WRN-knockdown cells. Mutagenesis 10 34272950
2020 Evaluation of analytical accuracy of HER2 status in patients with breast cancer: Comparison of HER2 GPA with HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 10 32860265
2019 Collagen Coating Effects on Fe-Mn Bioresorbable Alloys. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 10 31608487
2014 SARA: a "new" low-frequency MNS antigen (MNS47) provides further evidence of the extreme diversity of the MNS blood group system. Transfusion 10 25523184
2000 [Malignant neuroleptic syndrome. A review of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of MNS]. Ugeskrift for laeger 10 10745673
2000 Endonuclease and helicase activities of bacteriophage lambda terminase: changing nearby residue 515 restores activity to the gpA K497D mutant enzyme. Virology 10 11062051
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