Affinage

GRIK3

Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 · UniProt Q13003

Length
919 aa
Mass
104.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
44 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GRIK3 encodes GluK3, a kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit distinguished by uniquely low agonist sensitivity and rapid desensitization, properties determined by its S1 ligand-binding domain and a labile LBD dimer interface centered on residue Asp759 (PMID:9390526, PMID:11160421, PMID:23141068). GluK3 assembles primarily with GluK2 to form presynaptic heteromeric autoreceptors at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, where it is essential for both short- and long-term synaptic potentiation; GluK3 knockout mice show impaired mossy fiber plasticity and anxiolytic-like behavior with reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptor expression (PMID:17620617, PMID:38402313). Surface trafficking is governed by C-terminal splice variant–specific motifs—GluK3a carries a polybasic sequence promoting plasma membrane delivery, while GluK3b contains a dileucine motif driving clathrin/dynamin2-dependent endocytosis and polarized axonal enrichment—and is further regulated by the trafficking factor SEZ6, which controls glycosylation and post-ER transport of GluK2/GluK3 complexes (PMID:15805114, PMID:21832194, PMID:32567721). Receptor function is multilayeredly modulated by zinc, which stabilizes the LBD dimer interface to slow desensitization, and by Neto1/Neto2 auxiliary subunits that differentially tune desensitization and recovery kinetics, with Neto2 acting synergistically with zinc to profoundly facilitate GluK3 currents (PMID:23141068, PMID:41680489).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Initial cloning and ligand-binding characterization of human GluK3 established it as a high-affinity kainate-binding subunit and identified a Ser310Ala variant originally misattributed to RNA editing.

    Evidence Ligand binding assays in transfected COS-1 cells; cDNA sequencing

    PMID:7719709

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding affinity measured in isolation; no channel function recorded
    • Species-specific affinity differences unexplained
  2. 1997 High

    Functional reconstitution revealed that GluK3 forms channels with ~10-fold lower glutamate potency than other non-NMDA receptors, establishing its defining low-sensitivity pharmacological profile.

    Evidence Whole-cell patch-clamp in Xenopus oocytes and HEK cells expressing recombinant GluK3

    PMID:9390526

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for low potency unknown
    • Heteromeric assembly properties not yet characterized
  3. 1999 High

    Demonstration that GluK3 coassembles with GluK1 and GluK2 into heteromeric kainate receptors, with GluK3 exerting a dominant-negative effect on agonist response amplitude, established its modulatory role in heteromeric assemblies.

    Evidence Electrophysiology with selective agonists and rectification analysis in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:10493729

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of heteromeric assemblies not determined
    • In vivo relevance of dominant-negative effect untested
  4. 2001 High

    Domain-swap chimeras and point mutations mapped the structural determinants of GluK3's low agonist sensitivity to the S1 portion of the ligand-binding domain and relative agonist efficacies to the L3 extracellular loop, resolving which domains encode its unique pharmacology.

    Evidence Chimeric constructs and point mutagenesis with electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:11160421

    Open questions at the time
    • No atomic-resolution structure yet available
    • Desensitization determinants not addressed
  5. 2005 High

    Discovery that alternative C-terminal splicing dictates GluK3 surface expression—GluK3a reaches the plasma membrane via a polybasic motif while GluK3b is ER-retained—provided the first trafficking mechanism for KAR subunit-specific localization.

    Evidence Live-cell imaging, surface biotinylation in hippocampal neurons and heterologous cells

    PMID:15805114

    Open questions at the time
    • Endocytic fate of surface GluK3b not yet characterized
    • In vivo relevance at specific synapses not tested
  6. 2007 High

    GluK3 knockout mice revealed that GluK3 is an essential subunit of presynaptic GluK2/GluK3 autoreceptors at mossy fiber synapses, required for both short- and long-term potentiation, establishing the first defined physiological role for GluK3 in native circuits.

    Evidence GluK3 KO mice; electrophysiology at mossy fiber synapses; coassembly validation in HEK cells; immunolocalization

    PMID:17620617

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling cascade from presynaptic KAR activation not defined
    • Calcium permeability of native GluK2/GluK3 heteromers inferred but not directly measured
  7. 2011 High

    Two advances clarified GluK3 desensitization and polarized trafficking: crystal structures of the GluK3 LBD revealed reduced domain closure and weaker interlobe stabilization explaining fast desensitization, while identification of a dileucine motif in GluK3b driving clathrin/dynamin2-dependent endocytosis explained its axon-enriched distribution.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of LBD-glutamate complex at 1.6 Å; live-cell imaging, dominant-negative constructs in neurons and organotypic slices

    PMID:21832194 PMID:21907808

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length receptor structure not yet available
    • Endocytic adaptor linking dileucine motif to clathrin not identified
  8. 2012 High

    Crystallographic and electrophysiological identification of a zinc-binding site at the GluK3 LBD dimer interface (Asp759/His762/Asp730) revealed how zinc stabilizes the labile dimer to slow desensitization and potentiate currents, and showed GluK2/GluK3 tetramers assemble as pairs of heterodimeric LBDs.

    Evidence LBD crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, whole-cell kinetic analysis

    PMID:23141068

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological zinc concentration at mossy fiber synapses not directly correlated with GluK3 modulation in vivo
    • Whether zinc binding affects presynaptic KAR function at mossy fibers untested
  9. 2019 High

    Cryo-EM structures of full-length GluK3 in resting and desensitized states revealed that only two of four LBD domains maintain dimeric arrangement in the antagonist-bound state, and identified N-glycan-mediated ATD-LBD interactions that modulate gating.

    Evidence Single-particle cryo-EM; site-directed mutagenesis; electrophysiology

    PMID:31311973

    Open questions at the time
    • Open-state structure not captured
    • Functional significance of the two-dimer resting arrangement versus four-dimer arrangements in other KARs not fully resolved
  10. 2020 High

    Two studies advanced understanding of GluK3 conformational dynamics and trafficking: cryo-EM with MD simulations confirmed Asp759 as a key determinant of LBD dimer instability and a 'non-classical' closed-state LBD conformation, while SEZ6 was identified as a trafficking factor that controls GluK2/GluK3 glycosylation and surface delivery.

    Evidence Cryo-EM, MD simulations, Co-IP, surface biotinylation, electrophysiology in SEZ6 KO hippocampal slices

    PMID:32006583 PMID:32567721

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SEZ6-GluK3 interaction not demonstrated (interaction shown with GluK2)
    • Structural basis for SEZ6-mediated glycosylation control unknown
  11. 2024 High

    Structural and behavioral studies defined allosteric modulator and ion binding sites at the GluK3 LBD dimer interface and linked GluK3 loss to anxiolytic behavior and reduced striatal D2R expression, expanding GluK3's known roles beyond mossy fiber plasticity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM of LBD with BPAM344/zinc/ions; GluK3 KO behavioral assays and Co-IP in mouse cortex

    PMID:38145505 PMID:38402313

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo efficacy of BPAM344 not tested
    • Mechanism linking GluK3 loss to D2R downregulation not established
    • Single behavioral study in one genetic background
  12. 2026 High

    Neto1 and Neto2 auxiliary subunits were shown to differentially modulate GluK3: both slow desensitization, but Neto1 accelerates and Neto2 decelerates recovery; Neto2 synergizes with zinc for profound current facilitation, and D759G mutation unmasked a secondary inhibitory zinc site, revealing multilayered allosteric control.

    Evidence Whole-cell electrophysiology with Neto coexpression; D759G mutagenesis; cryo-EM

    PMID:41680489

    Open questions at the time
    • Native stoichiometry of Neto/GluK3 complexes at mossy fiber synapses unknown
    • Identity of secondary inhibitory zinc site not structurally resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the structural basis of the GluK3 open/conducting state, the signaling cascade downstream of presynaptic GluK2/GluK3 activation, and the mechanism by which GluK3 loss alters dopamine D2 receptor expression.
  • No open-state structure of GluK3
  • Presynaptic signaling downstream of GluK2/GluK3 autoreceptors undefined
  • Molecular link between GluK3 and D2R expression unknown
  • In vivo role of Neto-mediated modulation of GluK3 at synapses untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
GRIK1GRIK2NETO1NETO2SEZ6
Complex memberships
GluK2/GluK3 heteromeric kainate receptor

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 GluR7 (GRIK3) and its splice variant GluR7b are functional kainate receptor subunits with unique pharmacological properties; glutamate exhibits ~10-fold lower potency for GluR7-mediated currents compared to other non-NMDA receptor channels, establishing GluR7 as a low-sensitivity glutamate receptor. Electrophysiology (whole-cell patch-clamp) in Xenopus oocytes and HEK cells expressing recombinant receptors Neuron High 9390526
1999 GluK3 (GluR7) coassembles with GluK1 (GluR5) and GluK2 (GluR6) to form heteromeric kainate receptors; coassembly of GluK3 with GluK2 markedly decreases agonist response amplitude, demonstrating a dominant-negative-like modulatory role in heteromeric assemblies. Electrophysiology with selective agonists (ATPA, I-will) and rectification analysis in Xenopus oocytes; pharmacological dissection of subunit coassembly The Journal of neuroscience High 10493729
2001 The functional differences between GluK3 (GluR7) and GluK2 (GluR6) ion channel properties are localized to the extracellular loop domain L3; specific point mutations in GluK3 restore measurable currents in Xenopus oocytes, and the C-terminal half of L3 determines relative agonist efficacies (glutamate vs. kainate), while the S1 portion of the agonist-binding domain governs the high EC50 for glutamate. Domain-swap chimeras and point mutagenesis expressed in Xenopus oocytes; electrophysiology The Journal of neuroscience High 11160421
2007 GluK3 (GluR7) is an essential subunit of presynaptic kainate autoreceptors at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses; GluK3 knockout mice display markedly reduced short- and long-term synaptic potentiation, and presynaptic KARs are GluK2/GluK3 heteromers localized within synapses with low glutamate sensitivity and likely Ca2+-permeable properties. GluR7 knockout mice, electrophysiology at mossy fiber synapses, coassembly demonstrated by coexpression in HEK cells, immunolocalization Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 17620617
2005 Alternative splicing of GluK3 (GluR7) at the C-terminal domain (GluR7a vs. GluR7b) regulates surface expression; GluR7a is highly expressed at the plasma membrane via a stretch of positively charged amino acids, whereas GluR7b is mostly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. GluR7a promotes surface expression of ER-retained subunit splice variants when assembled into heteromeric KARs. Live-cell imaging, surface biotinylation, and trafficking assays in cultured hippocampal neurons from wild-type and KAR mutant mice; ER retention analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 15805114
2008 UBP302, UBP310, and UBP316 effectively block recombinant homomeric GluK3 receptors but are ineffective against homomeric GluK2 or heteromeric GluK2/GluK3 receptors; GYKI 53655 (AMPA receptor antagonist) blocks GluK3-containing receptors at high concentrations and decreases short-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses. Fast-application electrophysiology in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant receptors; field recordings at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses Neuropharmacology High 18761361
2010 Crystal structures of GluK3 amino-terminal domain (ATD) reveal it crystallizes as a dimer with a strikingly different dimer assembly at the R1 interface compared to GluK5, while the R2 domain dimer assembly is similar to other non-NMDA iGluRs; extensive intramolecular contacts between R1 and R2 restrict domain movement compared to NMDA receptors, consistent with GluK4/GluK5 requiring obligate coassembly with GluK1-GluK3. X-ray crystallography of ATD Journal of molecular biology High 20951142
2011 X-ray crystal structure of the GluK3 ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with glutamate at 1.6 Å resolution reveals a conserved glutamate binding mode; GluK3 shows slightly lower domain closure around glutamate compared to other kainate receptors, and its LBD is less stabilized through interlobe interactions than GluK1, contributing to faster desensitization kinetics; key residues distinguishing GluK3 binding site are Thr520, Ala691, Asn722, Leu736, and Thr742. X-ray crystallography of LBD in complex with (S)-glutamate Journal of structural biology High 21907808
2011 Endocytosis of GluK3b controls its polarized trafficking; a dileucine motif on the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of GluK3b drives clathrin- and dynamin2-dependent internalization followed by degradation in heterologous cells, hippocampal neurons, and dentate granule cells; GluK3b is differentially endocytosed in dendrites compared to axons, providing a mechanism for polarized KAR distribution. Live-cell imaging, surface biotinylation, dominant-negative dynamin2 and clathrin constructs, organotypic slice cultures The Journal of neuroscience High 21832194
2012 Zinc potentiates GluK3 currents at 10–100 μM by reducing desensitization; a specific zinc-binding site is formed at the base of the LBD dimer interface by a GluK3-specific residue Asp759 together with conserved His762 and Asp730 from the partner subunit; zinc stabilizes the labile GluK3 dimer interface to slow desensitization; GluK2/GluK3 tetramers are assembled as pairs of heterodimeric LBDs. Crystallography of LBD, site-directed mutagenesis, whole-cell electrophysiology (kinetic analysis and desensitization mutants) Neuron High 23141068
2019 Cryo-EM structures of GluK3 in desensitized and resting/closed states reveal that antagonist-bound GluK3 traps a resting state with only two LBD domains in dimeric arrangement; N-linked glycans at the interface of GluK3 ATD and LBD mediate inter-domain interactions that modulate receptor gating properties, with mutational analysis identifying putative N-glycan interacting residues. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy; site-directed mutagenesis; functional electrophysiology Scientific reports High 31311973
2020 SEZ6 controls glycosylation and cell surface localization of GluK2/GluK3-containing kainate receptors; loss of SEZ6 reduces surface levels of GluK2/3 in primary neurons and reduces kainate-evoked currents in CA1 neurons; mechanistically, SEZ6 prevents HNK-1 glycan modification of GluK2/3, interacts with GluK2 through its ectodomain, and promotes post-ER transport of GluK2 in the secretory pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, surface biotinylation, whole-cell electrophysiology in hippocampal slices, in vitro and in vivo SEZ6 KO models The EMBO journal High 32567721
2020 Cryo-EM of full-length GluK3 in apo-state and in complex with agonist kainate or antagonist UBP301 reveals receptor transitions between desensitized and closed states; a 'non-classical' conformation of the neurotransmitter-binding domain is observed in the closed state, distinct from AMPA and other kainate receptors; molecular dynamics simulations show Asp759 influences LBD dimer stability, with lower dimer stability explaining faster desensitization and low agonist sensitivity of GluK3. Cryo-electron microscopy; molecular dynamics simulations International journal of biological macromolecules High 32006583
2024 GluK3 KO mice in pure C57BL/6N background display anxiolytic-like behavior and reduced dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) expression in the striatum, with alteration in D2R-induced anxiety; biochemical studies confirm that GluK3 subunits do not coassemble with GluK4 or GluK5 subunits in mouse cortex. Genetic KO mice, behavioral assays, co-immunoprecipitation/biochemical fractionation Scientific reports Medium 38402313
2024 Crystal structure of H523A-mutated GluK3 LBD dimer identifies binding sites for BPAM344 (positive allosteric modulator), zinc, sodium, and chloride ions at the dimer interface; molecular dynamics simulations implicate Asp761, Asp790, and Glu797 in zinc ion binding; cryo-EM of full-length GluK3 with glutamate and BPAM344 shows a dimer-of-dimers arrangement. X-ray crystallography; molecular dynamics simulations; cryo-electron microscopy; fluorescence-based functional assays The FEBS journal High 38145505
2026 Neto1 and Neto2 auxiliary subunits differentially regulate GluK3 gating kinetics: both slow desensitization and relieve polyamine block, but Neto1 accelerates and Neto2 decelerates recovery from desensitization; Neto2 acts synergistically with zinc to produce profound facilitation of peak GluK3 currents; the D759G mutation at the LBD dimer interface zinc-binding site unmasks a secondary inhibitory zinc-binding site; cryo-EM confirms D759G promotes a more compact LBD arrangement. Whole-cell electrophysiology; site-directed mutagenesis (D759G); cryo-electron microscopy Communications biology High 41680489
1994 Human GluK3 (EAA5) expressed in COS-1 cells binds kainate with a dissociation constant of ~2.72 nM, ~20-30 fold higher affinity than rat GluR7; a Ser310Ala variation at position 310 in the extracellular N-terminal region was identified, originally attributed to RNA editing but later reclassified as a genomic polymorphism. Ligand binding studies with transfected COS-1 cell membranes; cDNA cloning and sequencing Receptors & channels Medium 7719709
2000 The human GluK3 Ser310Ala variant is a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (T/G at position 928), not RNA editing; whole-cell patch-clamp in HEK-293 cells expressing the two isoforms detected no differences in receptor activation or desensitization, indicating the polymorphism does not affect basic channel function. Patch-clamp electrophysiology in HEK-293 cells; allele-specific expression analysis in human brain tissue The Journal of neuroscience Medium 11124978

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 44 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1997 Rat GluR7 and a carboxy-terminal splice variant, GluR7b, are functional kainate receptor subunits with a low sensitivity to glutamate. Neuron 151 9390526
1998 Expression of NMDAR1, GluR1, GluR7, and KA1 glutamate receptor mRNAs is decreased in frontal cortex of "neuroleptic-free" schizophrenics: evidence on reversible up-regulation by typical neuroleptics. Journal of neurochemistry 145 9832144
1993 Expression of glutamate receptor genes in the mammalian retina: the localization of GluR1 through GluR7 mRNAs. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 137 8478682
2007 GluR7 is an essential subunit of presynaptic kainate autoreceptors at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 17620617
1999 Heteromeric kainate receptors formed by the coassembly of GluR5, GluR6, and GluR7. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 113 10493729
2008 Antagonism of recombinant and native GluK3-containing kainate receptors. Neuropharmacology 68 18761361
2002 Association between the ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate 3 (GRIK3) ser310ala polymorphism and schizophrenia. Molecular psychiatry 64 11986986
2007 Association of the human kainate receptor GluR7 gene (GRIK3) with recurrent major depressive disorder. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 62 16958029
2012 Zinc potentiates GluK3 glutamate receptor function by stabilizing the ligand binding domain dimer interface. Neuron 53 23141068
2001 Immunocytochemical localization of kainate-selective glutamate receptor subunits GluR5, GluR6, and GluR7 in the cat retina. Brain research 43 11164787
2005 Association study of polymorphisms in the GluR7, KA1 and KA2 kainate receptor genes (GRIK3, GRIK4, GRIK5) with schizophrenia. Psychiatry research 40 16325263
2010 Crystal structures of the glutamate receptor ion channel GluK3 and GluK5 amino-terminal domains. Journal of molecular biology 38 20951142
1994 Molecular characterization of the human EAA5 (GluR7) receptor: a high-affinity kainate receptor with novel potential RNA editing sites. Receptors & channels 36 7719709
2005 Differential trafficking of GluR7 kainate receptor subunit splice variants. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 15805114
2020 Hsa_circ_0038646 promotes cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer via miR-331-3p/GRIK3. Oncology letters 31 32565953
2013 1p34.3 deletion involving GRIK3: Further clinical implication of GRIK family glutamate receptors in the pathogenesis of developmental delay. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 31 24449200
2019 Structural and Functional Insights into GluK3-kainate Receptor Desensitization and Recovery. Scientific reports 30 31311973
2020 Seizure protein 6 controls glycosylation and trafficking of kainate receptor subunits GluK2 and GluK3. The EMBO journal 26 32567721
2006 Ionotropic glutamate receptor gene GRIK3 SER310ALA functional polymorphism is related to delirium tremens in alcoholics. The pharmacogenomics journal 26 16314883
2019 Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor Kainate Type Subunit 3 (GRIK3) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by regulating SPDEF/CDH1 signaling. Molecular carcinogenesis 23 30977227
1998 Identification of kainate-preferring glutamate receptor subunit GluR7 mRNA and protein in the rat median eminence. Brain research 23 9838135
2011 Binding site and interlobe interactions of the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluK3 ligand binding domain revealed by high resolution crystal structure in complex with (S)-glutamate. Journal of structural biology 22 21907808
2000 Unequal expression of allelic kainate receptor GluR7 mRNAs in human brains. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 21 11124978
2020 Structural dynamics of the GluK3-kainate receptor neurotransmitter binding domains revealed by cryo-EM. International journal of biological macromolecules 20 32006583
2021 CircASXL1 knockdown represses the progression of colorectal cancer by downregulating GRIK3 expression by sponging miR-1205. World journal of surgical oncology 17 34127015
2011 [Research on associations between selected polymorphisms of genes DRD2, 5HTT, GRIK3, ADH4 and alcohol dependence syndrome]. Psychiatria polska 17 22232963
2019 The kainate receptor antagonist UBP310 but not single deletion of GluK1, GluK2, or GluK3 subunits, inhibits MPTP-induced degeneration in the mouse midbrain. Experimental neurology 15 31513786
2001 Identification of domains and amino acids involved in GLuR7 ion channel function. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 14 11160421
2020 The association between eating behavior and polymorphisms in GRIN2B, GRIK3, GRIA1 and GRIN1 genes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Molecular biology reports 13 32037472
2009 An association of GRIK3 Ser310Ala functional polymorphism with personality traits. Neuropsychobiology 13 19221446
2009 Are GRIK3 (T928G) gene variants in schizophrenia patients different from those in their first-degree relatives? Psychiatry research 13 19995671
2008 A possible association between schizophrenia and GRIK3 polymorphisms in a multicenter sample of Scandinavian origin (SCOPE). Schizophrenia research 13 19022628
2009 Association between the ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate3 (GRIK3) Ser310Ala polymorphism and schizophrenia in the Indian population. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry 11 19921975
2005 Family-based and case-control association studies of glutamate receptor GRIK3 Ser310Ala polymorphism in Polish patients and families with alcohol dependence. Neuroscience letters 10 16356644
2022 Discovery of the First Highly Selective Antagonist of the GluK3 Kainate Receptor Subtype. International journal of molecular sciences 8 35955932
2014 Molecular recognition of two 2,4-syn-functionalized (S)-glutamate analogues by the kainate receptor GluK3 ligand binding domain. ChemMedChem 8 25044437
2011 Endocytosis of the glutamate receptor subunit GluK3 controls polarized trafficking. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 8 21832194
2012 Family-based and case-control study of glutamate receptor GRIK3 Ser310Ala polymorphism in alcohol dependence. European addiction research 6 23006490
2024 Small-molecule positive allosteric modulation of homomeric kainate receptors GluK1-3: development of screening assays and insight into GluK3 structure. The FEBS journal 5 38145505
2023 GRIK3 deficiency promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by the regulation of the UBE2C/CDK1/Wnt signaling pathway. American journal of cancer research 5 37293152
2016 Genetic susceptibility to postherniotomy pain. The influence of polymorphisms in the Mu opioid receptor, TNF-α, GRIK3, GCH1, BDNF and CACNA2D2 genes. Scandinavian journal of pain 5 28850479
2024 Behavioral analysis of kainate receptor KO mice and the role of GluK3 subunit in anxiety. Scientific reports 2 38402313
2025 Isoliquiritigenin as a Neuronal Radiation Mitigant: Mitigating Radiation-Induced Anhedonia Tendency Targeting Grik3/Grm8/Grin3a via Integrated Proteomics and AI-Driven Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 1 41011178
2026 Multilayered regulation of GluK3 kainate receptors is mediated by Neto subunits and zinc. Communications biology 0 41680489