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Showing RMND5A — GID2 is a alias.

RMND5A

E3 ubiquitin-protein transferase RMND5A · UniProt Q9H871

Length
391 aa
Mass
44.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
53 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/5 claims corpus-supported (80%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RMND5A is a RING domain-containing catalytic subunit of the mammalian CTLH E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (the metazoan ortholog of the yeast GID complex), where it assembles with RanBPM, ARMC8, muskelin, WDR26, GID4, and MAEA into a multi-subunit ligase (PMID:17467196, PMID:31285494). Catalytic competence requires the RING module: in the yeast ortholog Gid2/Rmd5 the degenerate RING finger confers E3 ligase activity and pairs with a second RING subunit (Gid9/Fyv10), both being needed for substrate polyubiquitination and degradation (PMID:18508925, PMID:22044534), a configuration recapitulated in the human complex where RMND5A and MAEA are mutually stabilizing and together support in vitro ubiquitination using UBE2D-family E2 enzymes to build both K48- and K63-linked chains (PMID:31285494). Through this activity RMND5A directs degradative ubiquitination of substrates including muskelin (PMID:31285494) and the Raf family kinases c-Raf, A-Raf, and B-Raf, with RMND5A loss enhancing proliferation and tumor growth (PMID:30795516), as well as non-degradative ubiquitination of the glycolytic enzymes PKM2 and LDHA, restraining their activity and limiting glycolytic flux (PMID:34383978). RMND5A also positions the complex within Wnt signaling by mediating GSK3β-regulated, βTrCP-independent degradation of β-Catenin (PMID:41258755), and is required for neural stem/precursor cell self-renewal by modulating Wnt and mTOR signaling (PMID:40377017). Beyond ubiquitin-pathway roles, RMND5A is itself a target of microRNA regulation (miR-138) that feeds back on Exportin-5 stability and pre-miRNA export (PMID:24057215), and its levels influence cell migration through effects on HDAC6-dependent α-tubulin acetylation (PMID:28668087).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2007 Medium

    Established that the human protein p44CTLH/RMND5A is a constituent subunit of a defined multiprotein CTLH complex, framing all subsequent function within a complex rather than as a standalone protein.

    Evidence Tandem MS, Co-IP, and in vitro pull-down with bacterially expressed Twa1 in mammalian cells

    PMID:17467196

    Open questions at the time
    • No catalytic or functional readout assigned specifically to RMND5A
    • Complex's enzymatic activity not yet demonstrated
  2. 2008 High

    Identified the catalytic basis of the complex by showing the yeast ortholog's degenerate RING finger confers E3 ligase activity required for FBPase degradation, defining RMND5A's likely role as the ligase module.

    Evidence In vitro ubiquitination with GST-Gid2, RING-domain mutagenesis, and in vivo degradation assay in yeast

    PMID:18508925

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in yeast ortholog, not human RMND5A
    • Cognate E2 enzyme not identified
  3. 2011 High

    Showed the ligase requires two cooperating RING subunits (Gid2/Rmd5 and Gid9/Fyv10), establishing a dual-RING catalytic architecture for substrate ubiquitination.

    Evidence Co-IP, RING-domain mutagenesis, and in vivo ubiquitination/degradation assays in yeast

    PMID:22044534

    Open questions at the time
    • Yeast system; human MAEA partnership not yet shown
    • Structural basis of RING-RING cooperation unresolved
  4. 2012 Medium

    Mapped subunit-subunit contacts within the complex, defining which domains (LisH, CTLH, SPRY) mediate assembly and positioning the RING subunit within the topology.

    Evidence Domain deletion/point mutation followed by Co-IP in yeast

    PMID:22645139

    Open questions at the time
    • No high-resolution structure
    • Human complex topology inferred from yeast
  5. 2013 Medium

    Revealed that RMND5A is itself under post-transcriptional control by miR-138 and that its abundance feeds back on Exportin-5 stability and miRNA export, linking RMND5A levels to RNA trafficking and migration.

    Evidence miR-138 overexpression, Western blot, pre-miRNA export assay, and wound-healing assay in HeLa cells

    PMID:24057215

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RMND5A acts on Exportin-5 via ubiquitination not shown
    • Mechanism connecting RMND5A to migration undefined
  6. 2017 Medium

    Connected the CTLH complex to cytoskeletal regulation by showing RMND5A/muskelin loss lowers HDAC6-dependent α-tubulin acetylation and restricts migration.

    Evidence Stable knockdown, Western blot for acetylated α-tubulin, migration assay, and Co-IP

    PMID:28668087

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct ubiquitination substrate linking RMND5A to HDAC6 activity
    • Causal chain to migration indirect
  7. 2019 High

    Provided definitive reconstitution of human RMND5A as an active E3 ligase, showing it requires MAEA, uses UBE2D-family E2s, builds both K48 and K63 chains, and degrades muskelin via the proteasome.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination with recombinant RMND5A, RMND5A KO cells, linkage-specific analysis, proteasome inhibition

    PMID:31285494

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of substrate selection not defined
    • Functional difference between K48 and K63 products on substrates unresolved
  8. 2019 Medium

    Identified Raf family kinases as physiological CTLH substrates, linking RMND5A-mediated degradation to control of proliferation and tumor growth.

    Evidence RMND5A depletion, Western blot for Raf isoforms, ubiquitination and proliferation assays, mouse tumor model

    PMID:30795516

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination of Raf by recombinant RMND5A not reconstituted
    • Substrate recognition determinant for Raf unknown
  9. 2021 High

    Uncovered a non-degradative ubiquitination function by identifying PKM2 and LDHA as RMND5A-dependent substrates whose activity (not abundance) is restrained, coupling the complex to glycolytic control.

    Evidence Global proteomics and diGLY ubiquitinome profiling, RMND5A/RanBPM depletion, enzyme activity and glycolysis assays

    PMID:34383978

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin linkage type on PKM2/LDHA not defined
    • Mechanism by which ubiquitination modulates enzyme activity unclear
  10. 2021 Low

    Reported RMND5A as a migration-promoting factor in pancreatic cancer cells under miR-590-5p control, contrasting with earlier migration-restricting observations.

    Evidence Wound-healing assay, RMND5A and miR-590-5p overexpression, Western blot in PAAD lines

    PMID:34079591

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct molecular mechanism for RMND5A-driven migration
    • Apparent contradiction with migration-restricting role in HeLa not reconciled
  11. 2022 Low

    Extended the substrate repertoire to the oncopeptide MBOP, degraded by RMND5A/MAEA in colorectal cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, Western blot, proteasome inhibition in colorectal cancer cells

    PMID:35565466

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP without reconstituted ubiquitination
    • Direct vs indirect substrate relationship not established
  12. 2024 Low

    Linked RMND5A levels in endothelial cells to angiogenic signaling, with RMND5A overexpression suppressing ERK/NF-κB activation and being downregulated by tumor exosomal miR-21.

    Evidence Lentiviral overexpression, MTT, migration, tube formation, Western blot, exosome co-culture

    PMID:38229133

    Open questions at the time
    • No substrate identified linking RMND5A to ERK/NF-κB
    • Mechanism of pathway regulation undefined
  13. 2025 Medium

    Placed RMND5A within β-Catenin turnover, showing the GID complex (MAEA/RMND5A) degrades β-Catenin in a GSK3β-regulated, βTrCP-independent manner that Wnt stimulation reverses.

    Evidence GSK3β and MAEA/RMND5A knockdown, β-Catenin ubiquitination/fractionation, Co-IP of GSK3β-GID and MAEA-β-Catenin, Wnt stimulation

    PMID:41258755

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct β-Catenin ubiquitination by recombinant RMND5A not reconstituted
    • How GSK3β recruits the complex to β-Catenin not detailed
  14. 2025 Medium

    Demonstrated a developmental role for RMND5A in human neural stem/precursor self-renewal through modulation of Wnt and mTOR signaling.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 screen, shRNA knockdown, proliferation/differentiation assays, Wnt and mTOR pathway analysis in hNS/PCs

    PMID:40377017

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific ubiquitination substrate in NS/PCs not identified
    • Direct connection between RMND5A ligase activity and mTOR not shown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How RMND5A selects its diverse degradative versus non-degradative substrates, and the structural rules governing the RMND5A-MAEA dual-RING catalytic core, remain unresolved.
  • No high-resolution structure of the human catalytic module
  • No unified substrate-recognition determinant defined
  • Reconciliation of context-dependent migration phenotypes lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0016874 ligase activity 3 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1
Partners
ARMC8GID4MAEAMKLN1RANBP9WDR26
Complex memberships
CTLH complexGID complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 RMND5A (p44CTLH) was identified as a component of the mammalian CTLH complex, along with RanBPM, Muskelin, p48EMLP, ARMC8α, and ARMC8β. Each component contains LisH/CTLH motifs. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays with bacterially-expressed Twa1 confirmed in vivo and in vitro associations of all complex members. Tandem MS immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and in vitro pull-down assay with bacterially-expressed Twa1 Gene Medium 17467196
2008 The yeast ortholog Gid2/Rmd5 contains a degenerate RING finger domain and provides E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to the Gid complex; mutation of the degenerate RING domain abolishes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) polyubiquitination and degradation in vivo, and heterologous GST-Gid2 expression leads to polyubiquitination in vitro. In vitro ubiquitination assay (GST-Gid2 expression), RING domain mutagenesis, in vivo degradation assay Molecular biology of the cell High 18508925
2011 Yeast Gid2/Rmd5 physically interacts with a second RING finger subunit Gid9/Fyv10 within the Gid complex; mutation of Gid9's RING finger abolishes polyubiquitylation and degradation of three gluconeogenic enzymes, indicating that both RING subunits are required for full E3 ligase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, RING domain mutagenesis, in vivo ubiquitination/degradation assay FEBS letters High 22044534
2012 Domain-deletion and point-mutation analysis of yeast Gid complex subunits (including Gid2/Rmd5) revealed the topology of subunit interactions; LisH, CTLH, and SPRY domains in individual Gid proteins mediate specific subunit–subunit contacts within the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Domain deletion/mutagenesis followed by co-immunoprecipitation to map subunit interactions The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 22645139
2013 RMND5A was identified as a direct target of miR-138 in HeLa cells; overexpression of miR-138 downregulated RMND5A protein, which in turn reduced Exportin-5 stability and decreased pre-miRNA nuclear export, and also significantly inhibited HeLa cell migration. miR-138 overexpression, Western blot (RMND5A and Exportin-5 levels), pre-miRNA export assay, wound-healing migration assay Nucleic acids research Medium 24057215
2017 Downregulation of RMND5A (along with muskelin) decreased acetylation of the HDAC6 substrate α-tubulin, demonstrating that the CTLH complex (via RMND5A) contributes to inhibition of HDAC6 deacetylase activity and consequently restricts cell migration. Stable knockdown cell lines, Western blot for acetylated α-tubulin, wound-healing migration assay, co-immunoprecipitation BMC cancer Medium 28668087
2019 The human CTLH complex immunoprecipitated from cells comprises RanBPM, ARMC8α/β, muskelin, WDR26, GID4, RMND5A, and MAEA. RMND5A and MAEA protein levels are interdependent. In vitro ubiquitination assays showed E3 ligase activity dependent on both RMND5A and MAEA. Recombinant RMND5A mediates K48 and K63 poly-ubiquitin chains and pairs with UBE2D1, UBE2D2, and UBE2D3 E2 enzymes. Muskelin ubiquitination is RMND5A-dependent, and muskelin protein levels increase in RMND5A KO cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay with recombinant RMND5A, RMND5A knockout cells, ubiquitin linkage-specific analysis, proteasome inhibitor treatment Scientific reports High 31285494
2019 The CTLH complex promotes c-Raf ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation; depletion of RMND5A (or RanBPM) results in enhanced cell proliferation and tumor growth. A-Raf and B-Raf levels are also regulated by the complex, indicating a common Raf family regulation. RMND5A depletion, Western blot for c-Raf/A-Raf/B-Raf levels, ubiquitination assay, proliferation assay, mouse tumor model International journal of molecular sciences Medium 30795516
2021 Proteomic and diGLY-enriched ubiquitinome analysis in CTLH-depleted HeLa cells identified glycolysis enzymes PKM2 and LDHA as RMND5A-dependent ubiquitination substrates. Reduced polyubiquitination of PKM2 and LDHA was validated in RMND5A-depleted cells; their enzymatic activities were increased without changes in protein levels, and RanBPM-deficient cells exhibited enhanced glycolysis, uncovering a non-degradative ubiquitination role for RMND5A/CTLH. Mass spectrometry-based global proteomics, diGLY-enriched ubiquitinome profiling, RanBPM/RMND5A depletion, enzymatic activity assays (PKM2, LDHA), glycolysis metabolic assay FASEB journal High 34383978
2022 RMND5A and MAEA (GID complex RING subunits) mediate ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of the oncopeptide MBOP encoded by LINC01234 in colorectal cancer cells, as shown by immunoprecipitation experiments. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, proteasome inhibitor treatment Cancers Low 35565466
2021 RMND5A overexpression significantly increased cell migration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (AsPC-1 and PANC-1), and miR-590-5p-mediated downregulation of RMND5A decreased this migratory ability, placing RMND5A upstream of migration-promoting signaling in PAAD cells. Wound-healing migration assay, RMND5A overexpression, miR-590-5p overexpression, Western blot Oncology letters Low 34079591
2024 Overexpression of RMND5A in HUVECs reduced proliferation, migration, and tube formation by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB pathway activation. OSCC-derived exosomal miR-21 suppresses RMND5A expression in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. Lentiviral RMND5A overexpression, MTT assay, wound-healing assay, tube formation assay, Western blot (ERK/NF-κB), exosome co-culture BMC oral health Low 38229133
2025 RMND5A knockdown in human neural stem/precursor cells (hNS/PCs) decreased proliferation and promoted neuronal differentiation, associated with activation of Wnt signaling and suppression of mTOR signaling, identifying RMND5A as required for hNS/PC self-renewal. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, shRNA knockdown, proliferation and differentiation assays, Western blot/pathway analysis (Wnt, mTOR) FEBS letters Medium 40377017
2025 The GID complex (via MAEA and RMND5A subunits) ubiquitinates and degrades β-Catenin independently of βTrCP when GSK3β is suppressed. Wnt stimulation promotes GSK3β–GID complex interaction, disrupting the MAEA–β-Catenin association and thereby stabilizing β-Catenin. Knockdown of MAEA and RMND5A rescued β-Catenin levels in GSK3β-knockdown cells. GSK3β knockdown, MAEA/RMND5A knockdown, Western blot for β-Catenin ubiquitination and protein levels (cytoplasm/nucleus), co-immunoprecipitation (GSK3β–GID interaction, MAEA–β-Catenin), Wnt stimulation assay Genes to cells Medium 41258755

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 53 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 The GID1-mediated gibberellin perception mechanism is conserved in the Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii but not in the Bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. The Plant cell 148 17965273
2008 The yeast GID complex, a novel ubiquitin ligase (E3) involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Molecular biology of the cell 138 18508925
2002 Rescue of a pathogenic Marek's disease virus with overlapping cosmid DNAs: use of a pp38 mutant to validate the technology for the study of gene function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 11997455
2007 RanBPM, Muskelin, p48EMLP, p44CTLH, and the armadillo-repeat proteins ARMC8alpha and ARMC8beta are components of the CTLH complex. Gene 106 17467196
2012 Exploring the topology of the Gid complex, the E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in catabolite-induced degradation of gluconeogenic enzymes. The Journal of biological chemistry 82 22645139
2004 Marek's disease virus-encoded vIL-8 gene is involved in early cytolytic infection but dispensable for establishment of latency. Journal of virology 63 15078957
2019 The mammalian CTLH complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets its subunit muskelin for degradation. Scientific reports 61 31285494
2008 Recombinant Marek's disease virus (MDV) lacking the Meq oncogene confers protection against challenge with a very virulent plus strain of MDV. Vaccine 58 18313812
2022 Structural and Functional Insights into GID/CTLH E3 Ligase Complexes. International journal of molecular sciences 45 35682545
2019 The CTLH Complex in Cancer Cell Plasticity. Journal of oncology 43 31885576
2013 MiR-138 downregulates miRNA processing in HeLa cells by targeting RMND5A and decreasing Exportin-5 stability. Nucleic acids research 41 24057215
2011 Gid9, a second RING finger protein contributes to the ubiquitin ligase activity of the Gid complex required for catabolite degradation. FEBS letters 40 22044534
2004 Expansion of a unique region in the Marek's disease virus genome occurs concomitantly with attenuation but is not sufficient to cause attenuation. Journal of virology 37 14694105
2009 Comparative evaluation of vaccine efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus vaccine lacking Meq oncogene in commercial chickens. Vaccine 34 19941987
2021 Proteomic analysis of ubiquitination substrates reveals a CTLH E3 ligase complex-dependent regulation of glycolysis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 33 34383978
2005 A Marek's disease virus vIL-8 deletion mutant has attenuated virulence and confers protection against challenge with a very virulent plus strain. Avian diseases 29 16094823
2018 A Comprehensive Analysis of Argonaute-CLIP Data Identifies Novel, Conserved and Species-Specific Targets of miR-21 in Human Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences 28 29538313
2008 Homodimerization of Marek's disease virus-encoded Meq protein is not sufficient for transformation of lymphocytes in chickens. Journal of virology 28 18971275
2012 Cell culture attenuation eliminates rMd5ΔMeq-induced bursal and thymic atrophy and renders the mutant virus as an effective and safe vaccine against Marek's disease. Vaccine 27 22687760
2010 Both homo and heterodimers of Marek's disease virus encoded Meq protein contribute to transformation of lymphocytes in chickens. Virology 26 20137800
2019 Regulation of c-Raf Stability through the CTLH Complex. International journal of molecular sciences 22 30795516
2022 Oncopeptide MBOP Encoded by LINC01234 Promotes Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cancers 17 35565466
2017 Inhibition of HDAC6 activity through interaction with RanBPM and its associated CTLH complex. BMC cancer 16 28668087
2012 Insertion of reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat into a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek's disease virus alters its pathogenicity. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 16 22702453
2007 Characterization of LORF11, a unique gene common to the three Marek's disease virus serotypes. Avian diseases 15 18251393
2011 Artificially inserting a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat into a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Marek's disease virus (MDV) alters expression of nearby MDV genes. Virus genes 14 21340512
2006 The role of pp38 in regulation of Marek's disease virus bi-directional promoter between pp38 and 1.8-kb mRNA. Virus genes 14 16604452
2021 Detection of novel and recurrent conjoined genes in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH 13 33883344
2015 A recombinant field strain of Marek's disease (MD) virus with reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat insert lacking the meq gene as a vaccine against MD. Vaccine 13 25562789
2023 Genetic architecture of innate and adaptive immune cells in pigs. Frontiers in immunology 12 36814923
2011 Evaluation of factors affecting vaccine efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus lacking the Meq oncogene in chickens. Avian diseases 12 21793430
2013 Properties of a meq-deleted rmd5 Marek's disease vaccine: protection against virulent MDV challenge and induction of lymphoid organ atrophy are simultaneously attenuated by serial passage in vitro. Avian diseases 11 23901766
2012 Novel neurodevelopmental disorder in the case of a giant occipitoparietal meningoencephalocele. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 11 22681319
2005 Characterization of a very virulent Marek's disease virus mutant expressing the pp38 protein from the serotype 1 vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens. Virus genes 11 15965611
2020 Attenuation of a recombinant Marek's disease virus lacking the meq oncogene and evaluation on its immune efficacy against Marek's disease virus. Poultry science 8 32241474
2016 Deletion of the BAC sequences from recombinant meq-null Marek's disease (MD) virus increases immunosuppression while maintaining protective efficacy against MD. Poultry science 8 26957626
2012 Selection of a recombinant Marek's disease virus in vivo through expression of the Marek's EcoRI-Q (Meq)-encoded oncoprotein: characterization of an rMd5-based mutant expressing the Meq of strain RB-1B. Avian diseases 8 22856190
2010 [Protective immunity of a meq-deleted Marek's disease virus against very virulent virus challenge in chickens]. Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica 7 20499644
2021 miR-590-5p targets RMND5A and promotes migration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Oncology letters 6 34079591
2010 Marek's disease viruses lacking either R-LORF10 or LORF4 have altered virulence in chickens. Virus genes 6 20229182
2025 Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) Meq Oncoprotein Plays Distinct Roles in Tumor Incidence, Distribution, and Size. Viruses 5 40007015
2016 Protective efficacy of a recombinant bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek's disease virus containing a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 5 27258614
2024 Oral cancer cell to endothelial cell communication via exosomal miR-21/RMND5A pathway. BMC oral health 4 38229133
2013 Visualization of Marek's disease virus in vitro using enhanced green fluorescent protein fused with US10. Virus genes 4 23703623
2006 The enhancement effect of pp38 gene product on the activity of its upstream bi-directional promoter in Marek's disease virus. Science in China. Series C, Life sciences 4 16544576
2025 Protection Conferred by Gallid Alphaherpesvirus 2 Vaccines Against Immunosuppression Induced by Very Virulent Plus (vv+) Marek's Disease Virus Strains in Commercial Meat Type Chickens. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 3 39861015
2019 Effect of low frequency magnetic field on efficiency of chromosome break repair. Electromagnetic biology and medicine 3 31657656
2025 Marek's disease virus-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in viral replication and MDV-1/Md5-induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. PLoS pathogens 2 39899476
2025 RANBP9 and RANBP10 cooperate in regulating non-small cell lung cancer proliferation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 2 40883813
2025 E3 ubiquitin ligase RMND5A maintains the self-renewal state of human neural stem/precursor cells by regulating Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways. FEBS letters 1 40377017
2025 GSK3β Regulates a Novel β-Catenin Degradation Pathway via the GID Complex in Wnt Signaling. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 1 41258755
2025 Identification of novel high-risk genes in gastric cancer through single-cell RNA sequencing, eQTL Mendelian randomization, and in vitro validation. Global medical genetics 0 41050213
2025 RMND5A upregulation via IGF2BP3-mediated m6A RNA modification enhances malignant traits and immune evasion in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Human cell 0 41284154

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