Affinage

GHR

Growth hormone receptor · UniProt P10912

Length
638 aa
Mass
71.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GHR is a transmembrane cytokine receptor that couples growth hormone binding to JAK2/STAT5 signaling and serves as the principal mediator of postnatal growth and tissue-specific metabolic control (PMID:19884384). GH binding drives conformational change in extracellular subdomain 2 and GHR dimerization, accompanied by disulfide linkage through Cys241; this dimerization—rather than receptor tyrosine phosphorylation—is the key determinant of productive JAK2 recruitment (PMID:10551877, PMID:15345746). The cytoplasmic Box1 motif is obligatory for JAK2 activation in vivo, and Box1 mutant knock-in mice phenocopy GHR-null growth failure while retaining Src/ERK signaling, establishing JAK2 as the critical growth-determining kinase downstream of GHR (PMID:19884384). JAK2 activation is independent of GHR cytoplasmic tyrosines, whereas multiple cytoplasmic tyrosines (Y487, Y534, Y566, Y627) are each independently sufficient to support STAT5 phosphorylation, conferring redundancy in the STAT5 arm (PMID:9121492); Src kinase additionally phosphorylates GHR and STAT5 (PMID:16650892). Cell-surface receptor abundance is dynamically set by TACE/ADAM17-mediated cleavage at the stem region near residue 239, which releases the extracellular domain as GHBP and desensitizes cells to GH; this shedding is restrained endogenously by the TACE inhibitor TIMP3 (PMID:11108241, PMID:12403792, PMID:27075707). GHR assembles with PRLR into higher-order heteromultimers built from preformed GHR and PRLR homodimers (PMID:27003442), and GH/GHR complexes can translocate to the nucleus through endosomal–ER and nucleus-associated-endosome routes (PMID:29890130). Tissue-restricted GHR signaling governs distinct metabolic programs: hepatocyte GHR controls glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis, steatosis, and insulin sensitivity through STAT5b- and IGF1-dependent mechanisms (PMID:37182789), skeletal-muscle GHR drives systemic insulin resistance in obesity (PMID:22187377), and hypothalamic AgRP and LepRb neuron GHR regulates hepatic glucose production and BAT thermogenesis (PMID:28462074, PMID:36633824). Loss-of-function and dominant-negative GHR mutations affecting the Box1/JAK2-binding region or C-terminal STAT5-docking sequence impair GH-induced STAT5 signaling and underlie GH insensitivity (PMID:21900382, PMID:15536163).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 26 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Resolved how GHR couples to STAT5 versus JAK2, showing that JAK2 activation is independent of receptor tyrosines while multiple cytoplasmic tyrosines redundantly support STAT5.

    Evidence Systematic phenylalanine substitution and single-tyrosine regeneration of porcine GHR in mouse L cells with STAT5/JAK2 assays

    PMID:9121492

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define why specific tyrosines preferentially dock STAT5
    • Relative in vivo contribution of each tyrosine not established
  2. 1999 High

    Established that GH-induced dimerization, not tyrosine phosphorylation, drives GHR-JAK2 association, and that Cys241 mediates disulfide linkage but is dispensable for signaling.

    Evidence C241 site-directed mutagenesis with GH antagonist, dimerization-sensitive antibody, co-IP and phosphorylation assays

    PMID:10551877

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the activating conformational change not resolved
    • Function of the disulfide linkage itself unclear
  3. 2000 High

    Identified TACE/ADAM17 as the protease generating GHBP and downregulating surface GHR, separating receptor shedding from GH-induced signaling.

    Evidence Genetic reconstitution of TACE-null fibroblasts with GHR ± TACE; GHBP shedding and JAK2 assays

    PMID:11108241

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological triggers of constitutive shedding beyond PMA not defined
    • In vivo contribution of TACE to circulating GHBP not quantified here
  4. 2002 High

    Mapped the TACE cleavage site to the stem region (residue 239) and showed that inducible proteolysis desensitizes cells to GH, linking shedding to signaling regulation.

    Evidence N-terminal sequencing of the GHR remnant plus deletion/alanine mutagenesis and JAK2 assays

    PMID:12403792

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of constitutive vs inducible cleavage not fully separated
    • How spacing controls protease access mechanistically unresolved
  5. 2004 High

    Localized the activation-coupled conformational change to extracellular subdomain 2 and showed it gates both signaling and proteolysis.

    Evidence Conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody/Fab, epitope mapping with GST-subdomain fusions, signaling and proteolysis assays, dimerization-interface mutant

    PMID:15345746

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution description of subdomain 2 rearrangement absent
    • Link between conformational state and protease susceptibility mechanistic detail unclear
  6. 2004 Medium

    Showed that a disease-associated C-terminal nonsense sequence, not truncation per se, selectively impairs GHR-STAT5 docking while sparing STAT3.

    Evidence CHO-cell reconstitution of WT and mutant GHR with STAT5/STAT3 transcriptional and STAT5 Tyr694 phosphorylation readouts

    PMID:15536163

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab cell-based assay without in vivo confirmation
    • Mechanism of STAT5 docking interference at the residue level not defined
  7. 2006 Medium

    Added Src kinase as a direct contributor to GHR and STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation, broadening the kinase repertoire beyond JAK2.

    Evidence Src inhibitor PP2, WT vs kinase-dead Src co-expression, and antisense src in F-36P and COS7 cells with phosphorylation assays

    PMID:16650892

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between Src and JAK2 inputs not ordered
    • In vivo requirement for Src in GHR signaling not tested here
  8. 2009 High

    Defined JAK2 as the obligatory growth-determining mediator of GHR by showing Box1 mutant mice phenocopy GHR nulls while retaining Src/ERK signaling.

    Evidence Box1 quadruple Pro/Ala knock-in mice with GH challenge, hepatic signaling readouts, transcript profiling, and comparison to GHR-/- mice

    PMID:19884384

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological role of the JAK2-independent Src/ERK arm not defined
    • Tissue-specific dependence on JAK2 not dissected
  9. 2011 High

    Demonstrated a dominant-negative GHR mutation in the Box1/JAK2-binding region abolishes STAT5b signaling, clarifying genotype-function relationships in GH insensitivity.

    Evidence Reconstitution of human GHR variants with dose-dependent co-expression and STAT5b phosphorylation/transcription assays

    PMID:21900382

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab in vitro reconstitution
    • Mechanism of dominant-negative interference within the receptor complex not structurally resolved
  10. 2007 Medium

    Identified ligand-independent transcriptional control of GHR by LPS via TLR4/MD2 through MyD88 and TRIF, linking innate immunity to GH resistance.

    Evidence GHR promoter-luciferase assays with dominant-negative TLR4/MyD88/TRIF and Polymyxin B controls in RAW264.7 and HEK293T cells

    PMID:17601656

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factors directly repressing GHR not identified
    • In vivo relevance during infection not established here
  11. 2007 Medium

    Showed GH levels feed back on receptor expression by preferentially upregulating a dominant-negative GHR short form, a compensatory brake at high GH.

    Evidence Quantification of full-length GHR and MA-GHBP in liver of GH-altered transgenic/mutant mice

    PMID:17321774

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism generating the membrane-associated short form unclear
    • Quantitative impact on GH signaling not directly measured
  12. 2011 Medium

    Extended GH-resistance mechanisms by showing the ratio of full-length to truncated GHR sets JAK2/STAT5 output and IGF-I expression under nutritional control.

    Evidence GHRfl/GHRt ratio immunoblotting with JAK2/STAT5 and IGF-I readouts across feeding states in fine flounder

    PMID:22028448

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative non-mammalian model
    • Mechanism by which truncated GHR suppresses signaling not dissected
  13. 2011 Medium

    Linked muscle GHR level to growth mode, showing overexpression drives hyperplasia via SOCS-mediated feedback that suppresses IGF-I.

    Evidence Muscle-specific GHR transgenic zebrafish with histology and SOCS1/3, IGF-I, MRF expression analysis

    PMID:21863247

    Open questions at the time
    • Non-mammalian overexpression model
    • Mechanism distinguishing hyperplasia from hypertrophy not defined
  14. 2012 High

    Established skeletal-muscle GHR as a driver of diet-induced systemic insulin resistance and inter-organ metabolic crosstalk.

    Evidence Muscle-specific GHR knockout mice on high-fat diet with metabolic phenotyping and SOCS2/IL-15/myostatin expression

    PMID:22187377

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct muscle-secreted mediators of crosstalk not proven causal
    • STAT5 dependence within muscle not isolated here
  15. 2015 Medium

    Revealed osteocyte GHR controls bone accrual and mineral homeostasis independent of linear growth, with reciprocal PTH-GH crosstalk.

    Evidence DMP1-Cre osteocyte-specific Ghr knockout with bone phenotyping, serum phosphate/PTH, and GH+PTH co-stimulation in osteocyte-like cells

    PMID:26481310

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of PTH-driven JAK2/IGF-1R upregulation unclear
    • Single-lab characterization
  16. 2016 Medium

    Placed TIMP3 as an endogenous brake on GHR shedding, tuning surface receptor abundance and GH sensitivity via TACE control.

    Evidence Comparison of cell lines with differing TIMP3, TACE-form immunoblotting, GHR proteolysis and GH signaling assays with exogenous TIMP3

    PMID:27075707

    Open questions at the time
    • Two-cell-line correlative system
    • Whether TIMP3 acts on TACE activity vs maturation not resolved
  17. 2016 Medium

    Defined the architecture of GHR-PRLR co-assembly as heteromultimers of preformed homodimers rather than direct heterodimers.

    Evidence Split-luciferase complementation and co-IP in T47D cells with GH/PRL ligand stimulation

    PMID:27003442

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of hetero-assembly for signaling not established
    • Stoichiometry and structure not resolved
  18. 2017 High

    Identified central GHR action in LepRb neurons as a regulator of hepatic glucose production and peripheral lipid metabolism independent of growth axis hormones.

    Evidence LepRb-specific GHR conditional knockout with glucose homeostasis, hepatic gluconeogenic gene and insulin-signaling analysis, and pSTAT5 readout

    PMID:28462074

    Open questions at the time
    • Neuron-to-liver signaling relay not mapped
    • Downstream neuronal effectors unknown
  19. 2018 Medium

    Described nuclear trafficking routes for the GH/GHR complex, supporting a non-membrane signaling mode.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, endocytosis inhibitors, siRNA, fractionation, Rab5 co-localization and importin studies in porcine hepatocytes

    PMID:29890130

    Open questions at the time
    • Largely observational without reconstitution
    • Nuclear function of translocated GHR not defined
  20. 2019 Medium

    Showed the GHR antagonist pegvisomant blocks both membrane and nuclear GHR functions, defining nuclear localization as a targetable axis.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, inhibitor/siRNA experiments, fractionation, and in vivo/in vitro immunohistochemistry

    PMID:30602026

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which pegvisomant blocks nuclear import unclear
    • Functional output of nuclear GHR still undefined
  21. 2020 Medium

    Implicated GHR in tumor cell growth, showing knockdown induces G1 arrest and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT in gastric cancer.

    Evidence GHR knockdown in two gastric cancer cell lines plus xenografts with cell-cycle, apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT readouts

    PMID:33492754

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether effect is GH-dependent not addressed
    • Single-lab model without genetic rescue
  22. 2021 Medium

    Connected GHR status to hepatic lipid metabolism through chaperone-mediated autophagy control of acetyl-CoA-producing enzymes ACLY and ACSS2.

    Evidence Quantitative proteomics of ghr KO liver lysosomes plus CMA modulation and ACLY/ACSS2 knockdown rescue in NIH3T3 cells

    PMID:34704522

    Open questions at the time
    • How GHR loss elevates CMA mechanistically unclear
    • In vivo causality of the CMA-ACLY/ACSS2 axis not isolated
  23. 2021 High

    Demonstrated that arcuate GHR+ neuron activity shifts whole-body substrate use toward glycolysis and enhances muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

    Evidence GHRcre mice with DREADD activation, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, RER, and tissue glucose uptake measurements

    PMID:34063647

    Open questions at the time
    • Neuronal-to-muscle relay circuit not defined
    • Endogenous physiological trigger not established
  24. 2023 High

    Dissected hepatocyte GHR control of glycolysis, lipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity into direct STAT5b/BCL6/FOXO1 and IGF1-mediated indirect arms.

    Evidence Adult-onset hepatocyte GHR knockdown with AAV IGF1 and constitutively active STAT5b rescue, clamps, DNL measurement, and ChREBP pathway analysis

    PMID:37182789

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative quantitative weighting of direct vs indirect arms not fully resolved
    • ChREBP-independent GCK induction mechanism unknown
  25. 2023 High

    Identified sex-specific AgRP-neuron GHR control of BAT thermogenesis, expanding central GHR roles to thermoregulation.

    Evidence AgRP-specific GHR knockout with core temperature, BAT Ucp1/Pgc1α expression, Fos neuronal activity, and BAT transcriptome

    PMID:36633824

    Open questions at the time
    • Basis of sex specificity not defined
    • AgRP-to-BAT circuit not mapped
  26. 2023 Medium

    Linked hepatic GHR to gut microbiota via CYP8B1-driven bile acid remodeling, extending GHR metabolic influence to the gut-liver axis.

    Evidence Liver- and adipose-specific GHR knockout mice with microbiota profiling, metabolomics, CYP8B1 and cecal bile acid measurement

    PMID:37306416

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal direction between BA changes and microbiota not fully established
    • Transcriptional control of CYP8B1 by GHR not detailed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The functional purpose and downstream gene-regulatory targets of nuclear-translocated GHR, and the structural basis of the dimerization-coupled conformational change, remain unresolved.
  • No defined nuclear effector or target genes for translocated GHR
  • No atomic-resolution model of the activating conformational change
  • Integration of JAK2, Src, and nuclear signaling arms not unified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005768 endosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3
Partners
ADAM17IGF1JAK2PRLRSRCSTAT5BTIMP3
Complex memberships
GHR homodimerGHR-PRLR heteromultimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 TACE (ADAM-17) is the metalloprotease responsible for PMA-induced GHR proteolysis and GHBP shedding. Reconstitution of TACE-null fibroblasts with GHR alone failed to generate GHBP upon PMA treatment, whereas reconstitution with both GHR and TACE restored PMA-induced GHBP shedding and concomitant GHR downregulation. GHR dimerization and JAK2 activation in response to GH occurred independently of TACE expression. Genetic reconstitution in TACE-knockout mouse fibroblasts; immunoblotting; GHBP measurement; JAK2 activation assay Endocrinology High 11108241
2002 The GHR extracellular domain stem region cleavage site by TACE was mapped to residue 239 (FTCEEDFR) of rabbit GHR, located eight residues from the membrane. Spacing of residues in this region, rather than their identity, determines cleavage susceptibility. PMA-induced GHR proteolysis at this site desensitizes cells to GH-induced JAK2 activation, establishing that inducible GHR proteolysis regulates GH signaling. N-terminal sequencing of purified GHR remnant after adenoviral expression; deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis; JAK2 activation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12403792
1999 GH induces GHR disulfide linkage that reflects GHR dimerization. Cysteine 241 in the extracellular domain is critical for GH-induced GHR disulfide linkage, but mutation of this cysteine does not prevent GHR dimerization, JAK2 association, or tyrosine phosphorylation of GHR, JAK2, and STAT5. Enhanced GHR-JAK2 association depends more on GHR dimerization than on GHR or JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis (C241 substitution); GH antagonist G120K; anti-GHR dimerization-sensitive antibody; co-immunoprecipitation of JAK2 with GHR; phosphorylation assays in stable/transient expression systems The Journal of biological chemistry High 10551877
1996 Individual cytoplasmic tyrosine residues Y487, Y534, Y566, and Y627 of porcine GHR are each independently sufficient for STAT5 phosphorylation, demonstrating redundancy in GH-mediated STAT5 signaling. Tyrosine residues Y332, Y487, Y534, Y566, and Y627 are GHR phosphorylation sites. JAK2 activation is independent of GHR cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation. Systematic phenylalanine substitution of eight cytoplasmic tyrosines; regeneration of individual tyrosines in tyrosine-free GHR; stable transfection in mouse L cells; STAT5 and JAK2 activation assays Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) High 9121492
2009 The GHR Box1 motif is required for JAK2 activation in vivo. Knock-in mice with four Pro/Ala mutations in Box1 cannot activate hepatic JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, or Akt in response to GH, but retain ability to activate Src and ERK1/2. Their growth phenotype is identical to GHR-/- mice, establishing JAK2 as the key mediator of postnatal growth via GHR. Transcript profiling identified in vivo Src/ERK-regulated versus JAK2-regulated versus STAT5-regulated transcripts. Targeted knock-in mice (Box1 quadruple Pro/Ala mutation); GH injection challenge; hepatic signaling assays (JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, Akt, Src, ERK1/2 phosphorylation); transcript profiling; comparison with GHR-/- and GHR-truncated (391) mice Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) High 19884384
2004 A monoclonal antibody (anti-GHR(ext-mAb)) recognizing subdomain 2 of the GHR extracellular domain inhibits GH-induced JAK2 and STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and GHR disulfide linkage (conformational changes) without fully blocking GH binding, and also prevents phorbol ester-stimulated GHR proteolysis. A Fab fragment reproduced these effects. The antibody fails to recognize a dimerization interface mutant GHR, indicating subdomain 2 undergoes conformational change upon GHR activation. Monoclonal antibody characterization; immunoprecipitation with GST-subdomain fusion proteins; signaling assays (JAK2, STAT5 phosphorylation); GHR disulfide linkage assay; GHR proteolysis assay; Fab fragment experiments; dimerization interface mutant GHR Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) High 15345746
2004 A novel GHR C-terminal mutation (1776del, frameshift creating a nonsense 560-581 sequence) impairs GHR-STAT5 but not GHR-STAT3 signaling. Co-expression studies showed the mutant interferes with STAT5 docking to upstream tyrosine residues, whereas GHR-L561X and GHR-I582X (stop codons within the same region) show normal STAT5 activity, implicating the nonsense C-terminal sequence rather than truncation alone in STAT5 impairment. Transient transfection in CHO cells of wild-type and mutant GHR constructs; STAT5 and STAT3 transcriptional activation assays; STAT5 Tyr694 phosphorylation assay The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 15536163
2011 A GHR intracellular domain frameshift mutation (c.899dupC) affecting the critical JAK2-binding Box1 region acts as a dominant negative, dose-dependently abolishing GH-induced STAT5b signaling when co-expressed with wild-type GHR or the p.R229H variant. The p.R229H variant alone is functional and does not cause GH insensitivity. Reconstitution studies with recombinant human GHR variants; co-expression of mutant and wild-type GHR; STAT5b phosphorylation and transcriptional activation assays; dose-dependent dominant-negative analysis The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 21900382
2012 Muscle-specific GHR knockout (mGHRKO) mice fed a high-fat diet show reduced adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, lower systemic inflammation, decreased muscle and hepatic triglyceride content, and greater energy expenditure compared with controls. GH-regulated SOCS2 expression was decreased in obese mGHRKO mice. Muscle GHR deletion increased interleukin-15 and decreased myostatin expression, suggesting a mechanism for muscle-liver-adipose tissue cross-talk. Cre/loxP tissue-specific GHR knockout in postnatal skeletal muscle; metabolic phenotyping (body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio); gene expression analysis (SOCS2, IL-15, myostatin) Diabetes High 22187377
2016 TIMP3, a natural specific inhibitor of TACE/ADAM17, modulates cell surface GHR abundance and GH sensitivity. Cells with higher endogenous TIMP3 expression showed lower mature TACE levels and reduced inducible GHR proteolysis, resulting in higher GH signaling capacity. Both endogenous and exogenous TIMP3 regulate GHR availability by controlling TACE activity and potentially TACE maturation. Comparison of two model cell lines; immunoblotting for TACE forms and TIMP3; GHR proteolysis assays; GH signaling assays; exogenous TIMP3 treatment Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) Medium 27075707
2016 GHR and PRLR form heteromultimeric assemblages composed of GHR homodimers and PRLR homodimers (rather than GHR-PRLR heterodimers). Split luciferase complementation showed ligand-independent GHR-GHR and PRLR-PRLR interactions; GH or PRL augment PRLR-PRLR complementation but cause decline in GHR-PRLR complementation signal, consistent with hetero-assemblages of pre-formed homodimers rather than direct heterodimers. GHR-PRLR association confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in T47D cells. Split luciferase complementation assay with GHR and PRLR chimeras; co-immunoprecipitation in T47D human breast cancer cells; ligand-stimulation experiments with GH and PRL Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) Medium 27003442
2007 LPS directly suppresses GHR gene expression through TLR4/MD2 complex signaling via both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent (TRIF) pathways. This cytokine-independent mechanism was demonstrated by showing that dominant-negative TLR4 or dominant-negative MyD88/TRIF abrogated LPS-induced inhibition of GHR promoter activity in cells with ectopic TLR4/MD2 expression. Transient transfection in RAW 264.7 and HEK 293T cells; GHR promoter-luciferase assays; dominant-negative TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF co-transfection; Polymyxin B inhibition; endogenous GHR protein expression in F442A cells; cytokine exclusion experiment Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 17601656
2006 Src kinase transduces GHR signaling by tyrosine-phosphorylating GHR and STAT5. In F-36P leukemia cells, the Src inhibitor PP2 reduced GH-induced GHR and STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation. Co-expression of wild-type Src with GHR in COS7 cells markedly increased GHR tyrosine phosphorylation (comparable to JAK2 co-expression), while kinase-inactive Src did not. Antisense src oligonucleotides reduced GH-induced STAT5 activation. Pharmacological Src inhibition (PP2); co-expression of GHR with wild-type or kinase-inactive Src in COS7 cells; antisense oligonucleotides against src; tyrosine phosphorylation assays Leukemia research Medium 16650892
2017 GHR signaling in hypothalamic LepRb (leptin receptor-expressing) neurons controls hepatic glucose production. Mice with GHR-deleted LepRb neurons (LeprEYFPΔGHR) showed impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity and peripheral lipid metabolism with failure to suppress gluconeogenic gene expression and impaired hepatic insulin signaling, without changes in food intake, body weight, serum IGF-1 or GH. Cre/loxP conditional knockout of GHR in LepRb neurons; Cre-inducible ROSA26-EYFP reporter; body composition and glucose homeostasis measurements; hepatic gene expression; pStat5 immunoreactivity in LepRb neurons after GH injection Molecular metabolism High 28462074
2021 Activation of ARCGHR+ neurons (GHR-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus) by DREADD elevates respiratory exchange ratio and promotes glucose over fat utilization under fasting; increases glucose turnover and whole-body glycolysis; and specifically elevates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle with increased expression of muscle glycolytic genes, demonstrated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. GHRcre transgenic mice; DREADD-mediated neuronal activation; hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp; respiratory exchange ratio measurements; co-localization with AgRP, GHRH, somatostatin neurons; tissue-specific glucose uptake measurements Cells High 34063647
2023 GHR signaling in AgRP neurons regulates BAT thermogenesis in a sex-specific manner. Female AgRPΔGHR mice showed impaired temperature adaptation, reduced body core temperature across multiple ambient temperatures, decreased Ucp1 and Pgc1α expression in BAT, and blunted cold-induced neuronal activity in AgRP neurons compared to controls. These effects were sex-specific and not observed in males. AgRP-specific conditional GHR knockout; body core temperature measurements at multiple temperatures; BAT gene expression (Ucp1, Pgc1α); Fos immunostaining for neuronal activity; global BAT transcriptome GeroScience High 36633824
2023 Hepatocyte-specific GHR signaling controls hepatic glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), steatosis, and hepatic insulin sensitivity through both direct (STAT5b-mediated) and indirect (IGF1-mediated systemic insulin sensitivity) mechanisms. Adult-onset hepatocyte-specific GHR knockdown increased glucokinase (GCK) and ketohexokinase (KHK) expression and DNL rate; the KHK increase but not GCK increase was ChREBP-dependent. AAV-mediated STAT5b expression in hepatocytes normalized steatosis via IGF1-dependent and direct transcriptional mechanisms involving suppression of BCL6 and FOXO1 activity. Adult-onset hepatocyte-specific GHR knockdown (aHepGHRkd); AAV-mediated hepatocyte-specific IGF1 or constitutively active STAT5b expression; hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps; DNL rate measurements; hepatic gene expression; ChREBP pathway analysis Metabolism: clinical and experimental High 37182789
2021 GHR-deficient (ghr KO) mice have elevated hepatic chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) that downregulates proteins involved in nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA production (ACLY and ACSS2). CMA was shown to be necessary and sufficient to regulate ACLY and ACSS2 abundance in NIH3T3 cells. Lipid droplet accumulation upon CMA inhibition was rescued by knocking down ACLY or ACSS2, establishing a mechanistic link between GHR status, CMA activity, and lipid metabolism via acetyl-CoA enzymes. Quantitative proteomics of purified liver lysosomes and whole liver lysates from ghr KO mice; CMA inhibition/activation in NIH3T3 cells; ACLY and ACSS2 knockdown; lipid droplet phenotype rescue assay Autophagy Medium 34704522
2018 The porcine GH/GHR complex translocates to cell nuclei via two routes: (1) clathrin- or caveolin-mediated endocytosis → early endosomes (Rab5-positive) → endoplasmic reticulum → cytoplasm (possibly via ERAD pathway) → importin α/β-mediated nuclear import; (2) internalization into nucleus-associated endosomes (NAE) → direct fusion with nuclear membrane. Indirect immunofluorescence; pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis; gene silencing (siRNA); subcellular fractionation; Rab5 co-localization; importin α/β interaction studies in porcine hepatocytes General and comparative endocrinology Medium 29890130
2019 Pegvisomant (GHR antagonist) undergoes endocytosis primarily via the clathrin pathway under GHR mediation, enters multiple endosome types, and is degraded cooperatively by proteasomes and lysosomes. Pegvisomant inhibits nuclear localization of GHR, identifying it as a 'moonlighting' antagonist that blocks both membrane-level and nuclear GHR functions. Indirect immunofluorescence; Western blot with pharmacological inhibitors; siRNA gene silencing; subcellular fractionation; immunohistochemistry in vitro and in vivo The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 30602026
2021 GHR knockdown in gastric cancer cells inhibits growth via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, causing G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis (elevated cleaved-PARP), demonstrated in cell lines and a mouse xenograft model. GHR siRNA/knockout in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells; mouse xenograft model; flow cytometry (cell cycle, apoptosis); Western blot (cleaved-PARP, PI3K/AKT pathway components) Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 33492754
2011 Regulation of cell surface GHR levels by the ratio of full-length GHR to truncated GHR (GHRt) modulates JAK2/STAT5 pathway activation and downstream IGF-I expression in fish skeletal muscle. Higher GHRt relative to GHRfl correlates with impaired JAK2/STAT5 activation and suppressed IGF-I expression, constituting an inherent GH resistance mechanism modulated by nutritional status. Western blotting for GHRfl and GHRt ratios; JAK2/STAT5 phosphorylation assays; IGF-I mRNA expression; comparison across feeding, fasting, and refeeding states in fine flounder Endocrinology Medium 22028448
2011 GHR overexpression specifically in skeletal muscle of transgenic zebrafish induces hyperplasia but not hypertrophy; this is associated with increased SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression that impairs the GHR/IGF-I signaling pathway and decreases IGF-I expression, while myogenic regulatory factor gene expression is increased but muscle protein gene expression is decreased. Muscle-specific GHR transgenic zebrafish; histological analysis of muscle structure; gene expression of SOCS1/3, IGF-I, MRFs, muscle protein genes Transgenic research Medium 21863247
2023 Local GHR in chicken myoblasts promotes mitochondrial biogenesis during differentiation via an IGF1-PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. GHR knockdown reduced mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM), mtDNA content, oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and increased ROS production, as well as repressed myoblast differentiation. GHR knockdown/overexpression in chicken primary myoblasts; MitoTracker Green staining; MitoTimer reporter; mtDNA quantification; oxygen consumption rate; PI3K inhibitor experiments; CREB pathway analysis Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 37337300
2007 GH excess in mice upregulates both full-length GHR and the membrane-associated GHBP (MA-GHBP, a dominant negative GHR short form) in liver, but MA-GHBP upregulation is proportionally greater than GHR upregulation. GH deficiency decreases both. This GH-induced enrichment of the dominant-negative form represents a compensatory mechanism to attenuate GH effects at supraphysiological concentrations. Analysis of GHR and MA-GHBP content in liver of mutant and transgenic mice with varying GH concentrations; correlation with body weight Growth hormone & IGF research Medium 17321774
2023 Hepatic GHR deletion alters gut microbiota by affecting bile acid metabolism. Liver-specific GHR knockout (LKO) induced upregulation of CYP8B1, which increased the bile acid pool and altered the 12-OH/non-12-OH BA ratio. The impaired BA profile in cecal content interacted with gut bacteria, increasing production of acetic acid, propionic acid, and phenylacetic acid. Liver-specific and adipose-specific GHR knockout mice; gut microbiota profiling; metabolome analysis; CYP8B1 expression analysis; cecal BA measurement Gut microbes Medium 37306416
2015 GHR signaling specifically in osteocytes (DMP1-mediated Ghr knockout) does not affect linear growth but compromises overall bone accrual, reduces serum inorganic phosphate and PTH levels, and impairs response to intermittent PTH treatment. PTH sensitizes bone response to GH by increasing JAK2 and IGF-1R protein levels in osteocyte-like cells, establishing bidirectional crosstalk between PTH and GHR signaling in bone. DMP1-Cre-mediated osteocyte-specific Ghr knockout; bone phenotyping; serum phosphate and PTH measurement; osteocyte-like cell line GH + PTH co-stimulation; JAK2 and IGF-1R protein quantification; PTH treatment of DMP-GHRKO mice FASEB journal Medium 26481310

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice. Endocrinology 483 10875265
2010 Endocrine parameters and phenotypes of the growth hormone receptor gene disrupted (GHR-/-) mouse. Endocrine reviews 151 21123740
2000 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) sheddase: the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM-17 is critical for (PMA-induced) GH receptor proteolysis and GHBP generation. Endocrinology 116 11108241
2013 Granulation pattern, but not GSP or GHR mutation, is associated with clinical characteristics in somatostatin-naive patients with somatotroph adenomas. European journal of endocrinology 104 23288882
2016 Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers. BMC veterinary research 91 27496016
2005 Duplication of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in fish genome: gene organization and transcriptional regulation of GHR type I and II in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). General and comparative endocrinology 89 15862563
1999 Reduced growth hormone receptor (GHR) messenger ribonucleic acid in liver of periparturient cattle is caused by a specific down-regulation of GHR 1A that is associated with decreased insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 88 10465263
1999 Disulfide linkage of growth hormone (GH) receptors (GHR) reflects GH-induced GHR dimerization. Association of JAK2 with the GHR is enhanced by receptor dimerization. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 10551877
1996 Identification of growth hormone receptor (GHR) tyrosine residues required for GHR phosphorylation and JAK2 and STAT5 activation. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 83 9121492
2009 In vivo targeting of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) Box1 sequence demonstrates that the GHR does not signal exclusively through JAK2. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 68 19884384
2002 Metalloprotease-mediated GH receptor proteolysis and GHBP shedding. Determination of extracellular domain stem region cleavage site. The Journal of biological chemistry 63 12403792
2012 Targeted loss of GHR signaling in mouse skeletal muscle protects against high-fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration. Diabetes 61 22187377
2012 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased GHBP and reduced GH/IGF-I levels. Clinical endocrinology 52 22077984
2003 Molecular cloning and characterization of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) growth hormone receptor (GHR). Assessment of alternative splicing. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 51 12941635
2020 The ghr-miR164 and GhNAC100 modulate cotton plant resistance against Verticillium dahlia. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 46 32081275
2004 A conformationally sensitive GHR [growth hormone (GH) receptor] antibody: impact on GH signaling and GHR proteolysis. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 45 15345746
2017 ghr-miR5272a-mediated regulation of GhMKK6 gene transcription contributes to the immune response in cotton. Journal of experimental botany 44 29069454
2015 Removal of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in muscle of male mice replicates some of the health benefits seen in global GHR-/- mice. Aging 44 26233957
2017 Hypothalamic growth hormone receptor (GHR) controls hepatic glucose production in nutrient-sensing leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing neurons. Molecular metabolism 42 28462074
2002 Impact of GHBP interference on estimates of GH and GH pharmacokinetics. Clinical endocrinology 38 12460328
2021 A Cotton Lignin Biosynthesis Gene, GhLAC4, Fine-Tuned by ghr-miR397 Modulates Plant Resistance Against Verticillium dahliae. Frontiers in plant science 36 34868127
2005 Polymorphism of the GHR gene in cattle and relationships with meat production and quality. Animal genetics 36 15771724
2004 A novel C-terminal growth hormone receptor (GHR) mutation results in impaired GHR-STAT5 but normal STAT-3 signaling. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 36 15536163
2002 Co-expression of GH and GHR isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines. Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 35 12175650
2015 The long noncoding RNA, EGFR-AS1, a target of GHR, increases the expression of EGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 33 26271667
2012 Craniopharyngioma cell growth is promoted by growth hormone (GH) and is inhibited by tamoxifen: involvement of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 33 23117141
2021 A Balanced Act: The Effects of GH-GHR-IGF1 Axis on Mitochondrial Function. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 31 33816476
2011 Inherent growth hormone resistance in the skeletal muscle of the fine flounder is modulated by nutritional status and is characterized by high contents of truncated GHR, impairment in the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway, and low IGF-I expression. Endocrinology 31 22028448
2020 GHR signalling: Receptor activation and degradation mechanisms. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 29 33181235
2011 Human growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression in obesity: I. GHR mRNA expression in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese women. International journal of obesity (2005) 29 21386804
2009 Effects of DGAT1 and GHR on milk yield and milk composition in the Chinese dairy population. Animal genetics 29 19781040
2021 IGF-I/IGFBP3/ALS Deficiency in Sarcopenia: Low GHBP Suggests GH Resistance in a Subgroup of Geriatric Patients. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 28 33378445
2018 Association between the GHR, GHRHR, and IGF1 gene polymorphisms and milk yield and quality traits in Sarda sheep. Journal of dairy science 28 30146276
2021 ARCGHR Neurons Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake. Cells 27 34063647
2014 Specific suppression of insulin sensitivity in growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted (GHR-KO) mice attenuates phenotypic features of slow aging. Aging cell 27 25244225
1997 Increased serum GHBP levels in obese pubertal children and adolescents: relationship to body composition, leptin and indicators of metabolic disturbances. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 27 9426380
2018 Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction. International journal of molecular sciences 26 29932147
2017 GH and GHR signaling in human disease. Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 26 29395968
2011 DGAT1, GH, GHR, PRL and PRLR polymorphism in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 25 21883511
2015 DMP-1-mediated Ghr gene recombination compromises skeletal development and impairs skeletal response to intermittent PTH. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 23 26481310
2014 The E180splice mutation in the GHR gene causing Laron syndrome: witness of a Sephardic Jewish exodus from the Iberian Peninsula to the New World? American journal of medical genetics. Part A 23 24664892
2009 Common exon 3 polymorphism of the GH receptor (GHR) gene and effect of GH therapy on growth in Korean children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). Clinical endocrinology 23 18793346
2007 Differential regulation of membrane associated-growth hormone binding protein (MA-GHBP) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression by growth hormone (GH) in mouse liver. Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 23 17321774
2021 GHR is involved in gastric cell growth and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signalling. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 33492754
2017 Differential effects of early-life nutrient restriction in long-lived GHR-KO and normal mice. GeroScience 22 28523599
2017 MiR-139 suppresses β-casein synthesis and proliferation in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting the GHR and IGF1R signaling pathways. BMC veterinary research 22 29178948
2013 The slow-aging growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene-disrupted (GHR-KO) mouse is protected from aging-resultant neuromusculoskeletal frailty. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 22 23824747
2011 Study of the differential transcription in liver of growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) genes at different postnatal developmental ages in pig breeds. Molecular biology reports 22 21695430
2018 Generation of GHR-modified pigs as Laron syndrome models via a dual-sgRNAs/Cas9 system and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Journal of translational medicine 21 29482569
2018 The basic route of the nuclear translocation porcine growth hormone (GH)-growth hormone receptor (GHR) complex (pGH/GHR) in porcine hepatocytes. General and comparative endocrinology 21 29890130
2011 Muscle-specific growth hormone receptor (GHR) overexpression induces hyperplasia but not hypertrophy in transgenic zebrafish. Transgenic research 21 21863247
2023 Direct and systemic actions of growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling on hepatic glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity, associated with steatosis. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20 37182789
2020 Association of GHR Polymorphisms with Milk Production in Buffaloes. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20 32679878
2020 Indel variants within the PRL and GHR genes associated with sheep litter size. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 20 32762057
2011 The growth hormone receptor (GHR) c.899dupC mutation functions as a dominant negative: insights into the pathophysiology of intracellular GHR defects. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20 21900382
2000 Physiology and disorders of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and GH-GHR signal transduction. Endocrine 20 10905371
2020 Novel InDels of GHR, GHRH, GHRHR and Their Association with Growth Traits in Seven Chinese Sheep Breeds. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 19 33076416
2011 Human growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression in obesity: II. Regulation of the human GHR gene by obesity-related factors. International journal of obesity (2005) 19 21386799
2020 Detecting novel Indel variants within the GHR gene and their associations with growth traits in Luxi Blackhead sheep. Animal biotechnology 18 32615865
2017 Genetic variations at the human growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene locus are associated with idiopathic short stature. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 18 28557176
2013 Dietary methionine effects on IGF-I and GHR mRNA expression in broilers. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 18 24390990
2007 The influence of gene-environment interactions on GHR and IGF-1 expression and their association with growth in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). BMC genetics 18 18154679
2006 Src transduces signaling via growth hormone (GH)-activated GH receptor (GHR) tyrosine-phosphorylating GHR and STAT5 in human leukemia cells. Leukemia research 18 16650892
2023 Growth hormone receptor (GHR) in AgRP neurons regulates thermogenesis in a sex-specific manner. GeroScience 17 36633824
2015 The somatotropic axis during the physiological estrus cycle in dairy heifers--Effect on hepatic expression of GHR and SOCS2. Journal of dairy science 17 25704974
2011 Growth hormone receptor (GHR) RNAi decreases proliferation and enhances apoptosis in CMT-U27 canine mammary carcinoma cell line. Veterinary and comparative oncology 17 22235976
2007 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly suppresses growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression through MyD88-dependent and -independent Toll-like receptor-4/MD2 complex signaling pathways. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 17 17601656
2011 The growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism and its correlation with metabolic profiles in obese Chinese children. Pediatric diabetes 16 21470351
2008 Growth hormone (GH1) gene variation and the growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 deletion polymorphism in a West-African population. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 16 18950677
2008 Polymorphism in genes of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and its association with both the IGF1 expression in liver and its level in blood in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. Neuro endocrinology letters 16 19112400
2020 Genetic causes of growth hormone insensitivity beyond GHR. Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 15 33029712
2019 Expression of GHR and Downstream Signaling Genes in Human Adipose Tissue-Relation to Obesity and Weight Change. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 15 30541116
2016 GHR/PRLR Heteromultimer Is Composed of GHR Homodimers and PRLR Homodimers. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 15 27003442
2014 The effect of heat stress on GHR, IGF-I, ANT, UCP and COXIII mRNA expression in the liver and muscle of high and low feed efficiency female quail. British poultry science 15 24848692
2022 Down-regulation of hepatic expression of GHR/STAT5/IGF-1 signaling pathway fosters development and aggressiveness of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Crosstalk with Snail-1 and type 2 transforming growth factor-beta receptor. PloS one 14 36374927
2021 Hypothalamic GHR-SIRT1 Axis in Fasting. Cells 14 33919674
2020 GHR-/- Mice are protected from obesity-related white adipose tissue inflammation. Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 32350959
2020 GHR knockdown enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. Aging 14 32970612
2001 The exon 3-retaining and the exon 3-deleted forms of the growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) in human serum are regulated differently. Clinical endocrinology 14 11167927
2021 Lysosomal targetomics of ghr KO mice shows chaperone-mediated autophagy degrades nucleocytosolic acetyl-coA enzymes. Autophagy 13 34704522
2015 Tissue-Specific GHR Knockout Mice: Metabolic Phenotypes. Frontiers in endocrinology 13 25646092
1999 A missense mutation in the GHR gene of Cornell sex-linked dwarf chickens does not abolish serum GH binding. The Journal of endocrinology 13 10333552
2023 Local GHR roles in regulation of mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 12 37337300
2017 Direct actions of macronutrient components on goldfish hepatopancreas in vitro to modulate the expression of ghr-I, ghr-II, igf-I and igf-II mRNAs. General and comparative endocrinology 12 28549738
2017 Expression and localisation of FSHR, GHR and LHR in different tissues and reproductive organs of female yaks. Folia morphologica 12 29064548
2016 Deconstructing the Growth Hormone Receptor(GHR): Physical and Metabolic Phenotypes of Tissue-Specific GHR Gene-Disrupted Mice. Progress in molecular biology and translational science 12 26940385
2016 Chicken GHR natural antisense transcript regulates GHR mRNA in LMH cells. Oncotarget 12 27713155
2013 Growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene polymorphism and Prader-Willi syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 12 23696513
2008 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the GHR gene and its associations with chicken growth and fat deposition traits. British poultry science 12 18409081
1994 Serum growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) in domestic animals as measured by ELISA. Journal of animal science 12 7928751
2023 Deletion of hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) alters the mouse gut microbiota by affecting bile acid metabolism. Gut microbes 11 37306416
1995 Effect of fasting and growth hormone (GH) administration on GH receptor (GHR) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and GH-binding protein (GHBP) mRNA levels in male rats. Life sciences 11 7475906
2022 Associations of GHR, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in adipose tissue cells with obesity-related alterations in corresponding circulating levels and adipose tissue function in children. Adipocyte 10 36384443
2021 SINE Insertion in the Intron of Pig GHR May Decrease Its Expression by Acting as a Repressor. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 10 34201672
2020 Regulation of extracellular and intracellular prolactin on cell proliferation and survival rate through GHR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in NSCLC. Chemosphere 10 33268090
2019 Efficient generation of GHR knockout Bama minipig fibroblast cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal 10 31456163
2016 TIMP3 Modulates GHR Abundance and GH Sensitivity. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 10 27075707
2015 Influence of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 and -202A/C IGFBP-3 genetic polymorphisms on clinical and biochemical features and therapeutic outcome of patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 10 25552351
2022 Mutations in GHR and IGF1R Genes as a Potential Reason for the Lack of Catch-Up Growth in SGA Children. Genes 9 35627241
2019 Endocytosis and Degradation of Pegvisomant and a Potential New Mechanism That Inhibits the Nuclear Translocation of GHR. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 9 30602026

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