Affinage

GBP1

Guanylate-binding protein 1 · UniProt P32455

Length
592 aa
Mass
67.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
79 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GBP1 is an interferon-γ-inducible large GTPase that functions as a central effector of cell-autonomous innate immunity against intracellular pathogens while also regulating cell proliferation through a GTPase-independent mechanism. Upon GTP hydrolysis, GBP1 polymerizes into massive coatomer assemblies (~30,000 molecules) on the surface of cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria by directly binding LPS through electrostatic interactions, disrupting the O-antigen barrier to unmask lipid A, and nucleating sequential recruitment of GBP2–4, caspase-4, and Gasdermin D to activate non-canonical inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis (PMID:32510692, PMID:32581219, PMID:38422126). GBP1 also promotes rupture of pathogen-containing vacuoles to expose microbial ligands (DNA, LPS) for inflammasome detection, with its membrane association restrained by PIM1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation and 14-3-3σ sequestration (PMID:31268602, PMID:37797010). Independent of its GTPase activity, GBP1 inhibits cell proliferation through its C-terminal α9-helix, which directly binds the TEAD transcription factor to suppress Hippo pathway target gene expression (PMID:30120107).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing that GBP1 is not merely an IFN-induced bystander but an active antiviral effector: overexpression conferred resistance to VSV and EMCV, and antisense knockdown partially abrogated IFN-mediated protection, proving GBP1 contributes directly to the interferon antiviral state.

    Evidence Stable transfection (overexpression and antisense knockdown) of HeLa cells with viral infection assays

    PMID:10087221

    Open questions at the time
    • Antiviral mechanism not identified at the molecular level
    • No demonstration against intracellular bacteria
  2. 2001 High

    Revealing a second, non-immune function: GBP1 mediates the anti-proliferative effect of inflammatory cytokines on endothelial cells through its C-terminal helical domain, independent of GTPase activity and isoprenylation, separating its proliferation-suppressive and immune effector functions.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown in endothelial cells with domain deletion and GTPase-dead mutant analysis

    PMID:11598000

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of the C-terminal domain unknown at this point
    • Mechanism of proliferation inhibition unresolved
  3. 2012 Medium

    Defining a signaling pathway for GBP1's anti-proliferative activity: GBP1 suppresses β-catenin/TCF signaling through a non-canonical mechanism independent of GSK-3β or proteasomal degradation, providing the first pathway-level explanation for proliferation inhibition.

    Evidence GBP1 overexpression/knockdown in intestinal epithelial cells with β-catenin/TCF reporter and phosphorylation assays

    PMID:22692453

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to β-catenin not demonstrated
    • Relationship to C-terminal helical domain not tested
    • Single laboratory study
  4. 2013 High

    Demonstrating that GBP1 functions in cell-autonomous anti-parasitic defense: mouse Gbp1 is recruited to Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuoles in an IFN-γ-dependent manner, and Gbp1-knockout mice show impaired parasite control, establishing GBP1 as essential for anti-Toxoplasma immunity.

    Evidence Gbp1−/− mice and macrophages, parasite virulence factor mutants, genetic epistasis with Atg5

    PMID:23633952

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of vacuolar targeting and disruption unknown
    • Mouse Gbp1 may not fully recapitulate human GBP1 biology
  5. 2017 High

    Identifying GBP1 as unique among human GBPs in directly coating cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria: a C-terminal triple-arginine motif mediates bacterial targeting, GBP1 recruits other GBP paralogs, and bacterial coating blocks actin-based motility by interfering with IcsA, revealing GBP1 as the initiator of a multi-GBP antimicrobial platform.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, paralog overexpression, triple-arginine mutagenesis, actin tail and cell-to-cell spread assays in Shigella/Burkholderia infection

    PMID:29233899

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct LPS binding not yet demonstrated biochemically
    • Downstream signaling consequences of the coat not defined
  6. 2018 High

    Resolving the direct molecular target of GBP1's anti-proliferative C-terminal domain: the α9-helix binds the DNA-binding domain of TEAD via a specific seven-residue motif (376VDHLFQK382), suppressing Hippo pathway transcriptional output independent of GTPase activity, unifying the 2001 domain-mapping with a defined target.

    Evidence Protein-binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis of GBP1 α9-helix, TEAD reporter assays, cell proliferation assays

    PMID:30120107

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of GBP1–TEAD interaction not resolved at atomic level
    • In vivo relevance of TEAD inhibition in tissues not tested
  7. 2019 High

    Placing GBP1 upstream of inflammasome activation across two pathogens: GBP1 promotes Toxoplasma vacuole disruption and AIM2-dependent detection of parasite DNA while facilitating caspase-4 recruitment to Salmonella, establishing GBP1 as a general gateway for pathogen ligand exposure to cytosolic sensors.

    Evidence CRISPR/siRNA knockdown, GTPase-dead and prenylation-deficient mutants, inflammasome component knockouts in human macrophages

    PMID:31268602

    Open questions at the time
    • How GBP1 physically disrupts vacuolar membranes not defined
    • Whether GBP1 directly activates or merely presents ligands to caspase-4 unclear
  8. 2020 High

    Establishing the biochemical basis of the GBP1 antimicrobial coat: GBP1 directly binds LPS with high affinity through electrostatic interactions, polymerizes on bacterial surfaces to disrupt the O-antigen barrier and unmask lipid A, and nucleates sequential GBP2–4 and caspase-4 recruitment, defining the non-canonical inflammasome signaling platform at the bacterial surface.

    Evidence In vitro LPS-binding assays, protein polymerization assays, CRISPR knockouts of individual GBPs, live-cell imaging, electron microscopy

    PMID:32510692 PMID:32581219

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of LPS recognition unresolved
    • Stoichiometry of the GBP1–caspase-4 complex unknown
  9. 2020 High

    Revealing a feedback control circuit: caspase-1 cleaves GBP1 at D192, inactivating it; a cleavage-resistant D192E mutant enhances caspase-4-driven pyroptosis, showing that inflammasome activation self-limits GBP1 coat function to prevent excessive host cell death.

    Evidence GBP1-D192E mutagenesis, caspase activity assays, cryo-EM of vacuoles, cell death assays

    PMID:32783936

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other caspases also cleave GBP1 not tested
    • Physiological significance of this feedback in vivo not established
  10. 2021 Medium

    Extending GBP1 antimicrobial function to Legionella: GBP1 promotes rupture of Legionella-containing vacuoles in a T4SS-dependent manner, broadening GBP1's vacuole-disruption role beyond Toxoplasma to multiple intravacuolar pathogens.

    Evidence CRISPR/siRNA knockdown, LCV integrity assays, inflammasome activation in human macrophages

    PMID:37737612

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of GBP1-mediated vacuole disruption still unknown
    • Single laboratory finding
  11. 2023 High

    Defining the regulatory mechanism that prevents GBP1 self-damage: PIM1 kinase phosphorylates GBP1, causing 14-3-3σ sequestration and preventing membrane association; IFN-γ induces PIM1 for host protection, while Toxoplasma virulence factor TgIST depletes PIM1 to unleash GBP1, establishing phosphorylation as the master switch controlling GBP1 activity.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, PIM1 overexpression/knockdown, 14-3-3σ pulldown, TgIST parasite experiments, membrane fractionation

    PMID:37797010

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation site(s) on GBP1 not fully mapped
    • Whether other kinases also regulate GBP1 membrane association unknown
  12. 2023 High

    Demonstrating that GBP1-mediated LPS aggregation in the cytosol, rather than bacterial coat assembly per se, is sufficient for caspase-4 activation: a triple-arginine mutant unable to target bacteria still rescues pyroptosis, redefining the minimal requirement for non-canonical inflammasome triggering.

    Evidence In vitro caspase-4 activation with recombinant GBP1, triple-arginine mutant in GBP1-KO cells, pyroptosis assays

    PMID:37023136

    Open questions at the time
    • How LPS is released from bacteria into the cytosol for GBP1 aggregation not fully resolved
    • Relative contribution of coat-dependent vs coat-independent mechanisms in physiological infection unknown
  13. 2024 High

    Resolving the structural architecture of the GBP1 defense complex at native resolution: cryo-electron tomography and cryo-EM revealed that ~30,000 GBP1 molecules assemble in an extended open-conformer dimeric state on bacterial membranes via GTP hydrolysis-dependent oligomerization, with a surface-exposed helix mediating the oligomerization interface, providing the structural blueprint for the antimicrobial coatomer.

    Evidence Native cryo-electron tomography of infected human cells, cryo-EM of soluble and membrane-bound oligomers, mutagenesis of oligomerization interface

    PMID:38267655 PMID:38422126

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure of GBP1 bound to LPS not available
    • How conformational changes couple GTP hydrolysis to membrane insertion at the single-molecule level not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the atomic-resolution structure of GBP1 in complex with LPS and caspase-4, the precise phosphorylation sites mediating PIM1/14-3-3σ regulation, whether GBP1's anti-proliferative (TEAD-binding) and antimicrobial (LPS-binding) functions are coordinated or independent in tissues, and the in vivo relevance of GBP1 in human infection and tumor suppression.
  • No atomic-resolution GBP1–LPS co-structure
  • No in vivo human genetic studies linking GBP1 loss to immunodeficiency
  • Relationship between anti-proliferative and antimicrobial functions in physiological contexts untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003924 GTPase activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 3 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 9 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
CASP4GBP2GBP3GBP4GSDMDPIM1TEAD1YWHAS
Complex memberships
GBP1 antimicrobial coatomer (GBP1/2/3/4)Non-canonical inflammasome platform (GBP1/caspase-4/GSDMD)

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Human GBP1 expression in HeLa cells confers resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) cytopathic effects and reduces viral progeny production; antisense knockdown of GBP1 in IFN-treated cells partially abrogates the IFN-mediated antiviral effect, demonstrating GBP1 mediates the antiviral response. Stable transfection (overexpression and antisense knockdown) with viral infection assays measuring cytopathic effect and viral progeny Virology High 10087221
2001 GBP-1 mediates the anti-proliferative effect of inflammatory cytokines on endothelial cells; this activity is independent of GTPase activity and isoprenylation but specifically requires the C-terminal helical domain of the protein. Experimental modulation of GBP-1 expression (overexpression/knockdown) in microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells; domain deletion/mutant analysis The EMBO journal High 11598000
2013 Mouse Gbp1 is recruited to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) of Toxoplasma gondii in an IFN-γ-dependent manner; virulent T. gondii avoids Gbp1 recruitment via parasite virulence factors ROP18 (serine/threonine kinase) and ROP5 (pseudokinase); increased Gbp1 recruitment correlates with parasite clearance requiring the autophagy protein Atg5; Gbp1-/- mice and macrophages confirm Gbp1 is required for IFN-γ-dependent cell-autonomous control. Gbp1-/- mice and macrophages; parasite mutants (Δrop18, Δrop5); genetic epistasis with Atg5; IFN-γ activation assays PLoS pathogens High 23633952
2017 Human GBP1 is unique among the seven human GBP paralogs in associating with cytosolic Gram-negative bacteria (Burkholderia thailandensis and Shigella flexneri); GBP1 targets bacteria via a unique C-terminal triple-arginine motif; GBP1-decorated Shigella fail to form actin tails, restricting intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spread; GBP1 also recruits GBP2, GBP3, GBP4, and GBP6 to bacteria; O-antigen of LPS promotes GBP1 targeting. siRNA knockdown, GBP paralog overexpression, triple-arginine motif mutagenesis, actin tail formation assay, cell-to-cell spread assay, colocalization imaging mBio High 29233899
2019 Human GBP1 targets Toxoplasma-containing parasitophorous vacuoles through its GTPase activity and prenylation, promoting vacuole disruption and release of Toxoplasma DNA; GBP1 facilitates AIM2 inflammasome detection of Toxoplasma DNA, triggering GSDMD-independent, ASC- and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in human macrophages; GBP1 also facilitates caspase-4 recruitment to Salmonella, enhancing caspase-4 activation and pyroptosis. CRISPR/siRNA knockdown, GTPase-dead and prenylation-deficient mutants, inflammasome component knockouts (AIM2, ASC, caspase-8, caspase-4), cell death assays The EMBO journal High 31268602
2020 Human GBP1 directly binds LPS with high affinity through electrostatic interactions and assembles on the surface of cytosolic Salmonella seconds after vacuole escape, initiating sequential recruitment of GBP2-4 to form a GBP coat; this GBP coat then recruits caspase-4 to the bacterial surface and activates it in the absence of bacteriolysis, constituting a platform for non-canonical inflammasome signaling. Live-cell imaging, LPS-binding assay, CRISPR knockouts of individual GBPs, caspase-4 recruitment assay, biochemical binding studies Nature communications High 32581219
2020 Human GBP1 directly binds LPS and induces detergent-like LPS clustering through protein polymerization; binding of polymerizing GBP1 to the bacterial surface disrupts the O-antigen barrier, unmasking lipid A, eliciting caspase-4 recruitment, enhancing antibacterial activity of polymyxin B, and blocking the Shigella IcsA outer membrane actin motility factor. Direct LPS binding assays, protein polymerization assays, bacterial killing assays, caspase-4 recruitment assay, IcsA functional assay, electron microscopy The EMBO journal High 32510692
2020 GBP1 promotes lysis of Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles and parasite plasma membranes to release Toxoplasma DNA; caspase-1 cleaves and inactivates GBP1 (cleavage at D192), and a cleavage-deficient GBP1-D192E mutant increases caspase-4-driven pyroptosis, revealing a feedback inhibition mechanism. Cryo-electron microscopy of vacuoles, siRNA knockdown, GBP1 D192E mutagenesis, caspase activity assays, cell death assays Cell reports High 32783936
2012 GBP-1 inhibits intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by suppressing β-catenin/TCF signaling; GBP-1 reduces β-catenin protein levels and β-catenin serine 552 phosphorylation through a non-canonical mechanism independent of GSK-3β or proteasomal degradation. GBP-1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown; β-catenin/TCF reporter assays; Western blot for β-catenin phosphorylation; GSK-3β and proteasome inhibitor experiments Mucosal immunology Medium 22692453
2016 Human GBP1 does not associate with pathogen-containing vacuoles formed by Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella typhimurium, or Toxoplasma gondii in human cells; CRISPR deletion of GBP1 results in enhanced early Toxoplasma replication, revealing a role in cell-autonomous immunity independent of vacuole translocation. CRISPR knockout, ectopic overexpression, live-cell imaging, Toxoplasma replication assays Cellular microbiology Medium 26874079
2018 The α9-helix of GBP-1 is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation; it binds directly to the DNA-binding domain of the Hippo transcription factor TEAD via the 376VDHLFQK382 sequence; this interaction inhibits TEAD transcriptional activity and downstream target gene expression; mutation of this sequence abrogates both TEAD interaction and anti-proliferative activity, independent of GTPase function. Protein-binding assays, molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis of GBP-1 α9-helix, TEAD reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, cell proliferation assays The Biochemical journal High 30120107
2021 GBP1 forms microcapsules around Shigella flexneri, which blocks septin cage assembly around the bacteria, likely by interfering with the Shigella IcsA outer membrane protein required for both actin-based motility and septin cage formation; S. flexneri that escape GBP1 microcapsules via IpaH9.8-mediated GBP degradation are captured within septin cages, revealing two complementary anti-motility defense pathways. Live-cell imaging, IpaH9.8 effector assays, GBP1 and septin colocalization assays, actin tail formation assay Pathogens and disease Medium 33885766
2021 GBP1 promotes rupture of Legionella-containing vacuoles (LCVs) in a T4SS-dependent manner, leading to increased cytosolic exposure of bacteria and subsequent inflammasome activation in human macrophages; GBP1 is required for IFN-γ-driven inflammasome responses to Legionella. CRISPR/siRNA knockdown, LCV integrity assay, inflammasome activation assays, colocalization imaging mBio Medium 37737612
2021 GBP1 antiviral activity against Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is independent of GTPase activity but depends on its capacity to form homodimers; dimerization-competent GBP1 targets the viral capsid protein to the lysosomal compartment for inactivation; GBP1 is required for the antiviral effect of IFN-γ on HEV. GBP1 overexpression, siRNA knockdown, GTPase-dead and dimerization-deficient mutants, lysosomal targeting assay, viral replication assays Journal of virology Medium 33472929
2023 GBP2, like GBP1, can directly bind and aggregate free LPS through protein polymerization; supplementation of either recombinant polymerized GBP1 or GBP2 in an in vitro reaction is sufficient to enhance LPS-induced caspase-4 activation; a GBP1 triple-arginine mutant lacking bacterial binding still rescues pyroptosis in GBP1-KO cells, showing that GBP coat assembly on bacteria is dispensable for pyroptosis—instead, LPS aggregation in the cytosol is sufficient. In vitro caspase-4 activation assay with recombinant proteins, GBP1/2 overexpression in GBP1-KO cells, triple-arginine motif mutant, LPS binding assays, pyroptosis assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 37023136
2023 Shigella effector IpaH9.8 limits GBP1-dependent LPS release from intracytosolic bacteria to suppress caspase-4 activation; in the absence of IpaH9.8, increased LPS is shed from bacteria in a GBP1-dependent manner, promoting caspase-4 activation and pyroptosis. Shigella effector mutants, GBP1 CRISPR knockout, LPS quantification, caspase-4 activity and pyroptosis assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 37014865
2023 PIM1 kinase phosphorylates GBP1, leading to its sequestration by 14-3-3σ, which prevents GBP1 membrane association; IFN-γ induces PIM1 expression, protecting macrophages from GBP1-mediated self-damage; during Toxoplasma infection, the parasite virulence protein TgIST depletes PIM1, increasing GBP1 activity for antimicrobial defense. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, PIM1 overexpression/knockdown, 14-3-3σ pulldown, TgIST-expressing parasites, macrophage viability assays, membrane fractionation Science (New York, N.Y.) High 37797010
2024 Native cryo-electron tomography of human cells resolved the structure of a massive GBP1 defense complex polymerizing ~30,000 GBP molecules over the surface of gram-negative bacteria; construction requires GTP hydrolysis; GBP1 adopts an extended 'open conformer' for bacterial membrane insertion, establishing a platform that recruits caspase-4 and Gasdermin D; the assembled complex triggers LPS release that activates coassembled caspase-4. Cryo-electron tomography of infected human cells, GBP1 mutant analysis, quantitative imaging of complex assembly kinetics Science (New York, N.Y.) High 38422126
2024 Cryo-EM structures of soluble and membrane-bound GBP1 oligomers reveal that GBP1 assembles in an outstretched dimeric conformation; a surface-exposed helix in the large GTPase domain contributes to the oligomerization interface; nucleotide-dependent conformational changes coordinate dimerization, oligomerization, and membrane binding to allow pathogen encapsulation. Cryo-electron microscopy of soluble and membrane-bound GBP1 oligomers, mutagenesis of oligomerization interface helix, nucleotide-binding assays The EMBO journal High 38267655
2023 Human GBP1 is recruited to damaged phagosomes/endolysosomes in a GTP-binding and isoprenylation-dependent manner; in vitro lipid-binding assays demonstrate direct binding of GBP1 to PI4P and PI(3,4)P2; live-cell imaging shows GBP1 mediates endolysosomal repair after membrane damage caused by intracellular mycobacteria. In vitro lipid-binding assay, live-cell imaging, GTP-binding and isoprenylation-deficient mutants, endolysosomal integrity assays, siRNA knockdown International journal of molecular sciences Medium 37298652
2014 GBP1 incorporates into microtubules via class III β-tubulin and binds the pro-survival kinase PIM1; inhibition of the GBP1:PIM1 interaction by NSC756093 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance; mutagenesis and modeling identified the binding site at the interface of the helical and LG domains of GBP1. Surface plasmon resonance, molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, NCI-60 cell panel screening Journal of medicinal chemistry Medium 25211704
2020 GBP1 interacts with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) as confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry; GBP1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through PGK1, promoting erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, GBP1 overexpression/knockdown, rescue experiment with PGK1 International journal of oncology Medium 32582960
2024 GBP1 promotes mitochondrial fission in glioblastoma cells by facilitating movement of Drp1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria; GBP1 co-localizes with Drp1 specifically at mitochondria; elevated GBP1 produces shorter and wider mitochondria consistent with fission; GBP1-mediated fission contributes to cell migration. Subcellular fractionation, co-localization imaging, Drp1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) experiments, mitochondrial morphology analysis, migration assays International journal of molecular sciences Medium 39457021
2025 GBP1 is recruited to actin-rich pedestals induced by extracellular EPEC/EHEC bacteria in a manner independent of direct LPS contact; GBP1 recruitment is driven by pathogen-induced actin remodeling (demonstrated by FcγR-Tir chimeric receptor with sterile actin pedestals); GBP1-dependent caspase-4 trafficking to pedestals leads to pyroptosis and IL-18 release. Live-cell imaging, chimeric receptor engineering (FcγR-Tir), IgG-coated bead actin pedestal assay, caspase-4 recruitment and pyroptosis assays, in vivo mouse colonocyte imaging bioRxiv / mBio (PMID:41040234) Medium 41040234

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 79 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Interferon-induced guanylate binding protein-1 (GBP-1) mediates an antiviral effect against vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology 224 10087221
2020 Human GBP1 binds LPS to initiate assembly of a caspase-4 activating platform on cytosolic bacteria. Nature communications 223 32581219
2019 Human GBP1 is a microbe-specific gatekeeper of macrophage apoptosis and pyroptosis. The EMBO journal 184 31268602
2001 The helical domain of GBP-1 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by inflammatory cytokines. The EMBO journal 158 11598000
2013 Guanylate-binding protein 1 (Gbp1) contributes to cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS pathogens 153 23633952
2020 Direct binding of polymeric GBP1 to LPS disrupts bacterial cell envelope functions. The EMBO journal 132 32510692
2017 Detection of Cytosolic Shigella flexneri via a C-Terminal Triple-Arginine Motif of GBP1 Inhibits Actin-Based Motility. mBio 99 29233899
2012 GBP-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 90 23042300
2020 Human GBP1 Differentially Targets Salmonella and Toxoplasma to License Recognition of Microbial Ligands and Caspase-Mediated Death. Cell reports 79 32783936
2016 Human GBP1 does not localize to pathogen vacuoles but restricts Toxoplasma gondii. Cellular microbiology 67 26874079
2017 Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against Toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52 28123064
2023 LPS-aggregating proteins GBP1 and GBP2 are each sufficient to enhance caspase-4 activation both in cellulo and in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 51 37023136
2012 IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced GBP-1 inhibits epithelial cell proliferation through suppression of β-catenin/TCF signaling. Mucosal immunology 51 22692453
2006 Cd14, Gbp1, and Pla2g2a: three major candidate genes for experimental IBD identified by combining QTL and microarray analyses. Physiological genomics 49 16705022
2005 GBP1 overexpression is associated with a paclitaxel resistance phenotype. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 49 16028104
2021 Identification of the interferon-inducible GTPase GBP1 as major restriction factor for the Hepatitis E virus. Journal of virology 36 33472929
2014 Identification of the first inhibitor of the GBP1:PIM1 interaction. Implications for the development of a new class of anticancer agents against paclitaxel resistant cancer cells. Journal of medicinal chemistry 36 25211704
2020 GBP1 promotes erlotinib resistance via PGK1‑activated EMT signaling in non‑small cell lung cancer. International journal of oncology 35 32582960
2024 Native architecture of a human GBP1 defense complex for cell-autonomous immunity to infection. Science (New York, N.Y.) 32 38422126
2023 Shigella IpaH9.8 limits GBP1-dependent LPS release from intracytosolic bacteria to suppress caspase-4 activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 31 37014865
2023 PIM1 controls GBP1 activity to limit self-damage and to guard against pathogen infection. Science (New York, N.Y.) 31 37797010
2015 Effect of polymorphisms in the GBP1, Mx1 and CD163 genes on host responses to PRRSV infection in pigs. Veterinary microbiology 31 26711047
2008 Molecular characterization of the porcine GBP1 and GBP2 genes. Molecular immunology 29 18346789
2021 GBP1 Facilitates Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Extracellular Secretion to Promote the Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer. Frontiers in immunology 26 33552086
2015 Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) promotes lymph node metastasis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Discovery medicine 24 26760981
2022 Role of GBP1 in innate immunity and potential as a tuberculosis biomarker. Scientific reports 22 35773466
1985 Interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins: mapping of the murine Gbp-1 locus to chromosome 3. Virology 22 3927587
2021 Tupaia GBP1 Interacts with STING to Initiate Autophagy and Restrict Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 34732469
2006 The putative monomeric G-protein GBP1 is negatively associated with fumonisin B production in Fusarium verticillioides. Molecular plant pathology 21 20507454
2021 Upregulation of GBP1 in thyroid primordium is required for developmental thyroid morphogenesis. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 20 34194003
2019 Guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP-1) promotes cell motility and invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 31421831
2020 Cytokine-Induced Guanylate Binding Protein 1 (GBP1) Release from Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers 18 32093058
2018 IFN-γ-response mediator GBP-1 represses human cell proliferation by inhibiting the Hippo signaling transcription factor TEAD. The Biochemical journal 18 30120107
2023 Human GBP1 facilitates the rupture of the Legionella-containing vacuole and inflammasome activation. mBio 16 37737612
2022 Guanylate Binding Protein 1 (GBP1): A Key Protein in Inflammatory Pyroptosis. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 16 35179710
2022 BRCA1-associated RING domain-1 (BARD1) loss and GBP1 expression enhance sensitivity to DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer research communications 16 36187937
2015 Expression profiling of the GBP1 gene as a candidate gene for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome resistance. Animal genetics 14 26358736
1994 The interferon-inducible GBP1 gene: structure and mapping to human chromosome 1. Gene 14 7518790
2020 Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01783 Promotes the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Sponging miR-199b-5p to Mediate GBP1 Expression. Cancer management and research 13 32021449
2022 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus non-structural protein 4 cleaves guanylate-binding protein 1 via its cysteine proteinase activity to antagonize GBP1 antiviral effect. Veterinary research 12 35804432
2020 Mycobacterial Cord Factor Reprograms the Macrophage Response to IFN-γ towards Enhanced Inflammation yet Impaired Antigen Presentation and Expression of GBP1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 12 32796022
2022 Differential expression of interferon inducible protein: Guanylate binding protein (GBP1 & GBP2) in severe dengue. Free radical biology & medicine 11 36460216
2024 Structural insights into the activation mechanism of antimicrobial GBP1. The EMBO journal 10 38267655
2011 High TSC22D3 and low GBP1 expression in the liver is a risk factor for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 10 22977521
2024 IFN-α/β/IFN-γ/IL-15 pathways identify GBP1-expressing tumors with an immune-responsive phenotype. Clinical and experimental medicine 9 38758367
2021 The GBP1 microcapsule interferes with IcsA-dependent septin cage assembly around Shigella flexneri. Pathogens and disease 9 33885766
2023 Comparative study of GBP recruitment on two cytosol-dwelling pathogens, Francisella novicida and Shigella flexneri highlights differences in GBP repertoire and in GBP1 motif requirements. Pathogens and disease 8 37012222
2023 Oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with a bacterial GBP1 degrader improves antitumor activity. Molecular therapy oncolytics 8 37223114
2021 Knockdown of GBP1 inhibits BCG-induced apoptosis in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells via p38/JNK pathway. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 8 34826624
2023 Human GBP1 Is Involved in the Repair of Damaged Phagosomes/Endolysosomes. International journal of molecular sciences 7 37298652
2022 Circ_0058608 contributes to the progression and taxol resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by sponging miR-1299 to upregulate GBP1. Anti-cancer drugs 6 36539364
2018 GBP1 exerts inhibitory effects on acute viral myocarditis by inhibiting the inflammatory response of macrophages in mice. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 5 30557035
2024 Function and mechanism of GBP1 in the development and progression of cervical cancer. Journal of translational medicine 4 38167153
2024 Inhibition of GBP1 alleviates pyroptosis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells through STAT1/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. Molecular immunology 4 38996607
2024 GBP1 promotes acute rejection after liver transplantation by inducing Kupffer cells pyroptosis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 4 39732345
2022 Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 promotes viral replication by regulating the expression of chemokines and GBP1. Frontiers in veterinary science 4 35937300
2020 GBP1 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma malignancy and chemoresistance via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 4 32495881
2018 Murine Gbp1 and Gbp2 are ubiquitinated independent of Toxoplasma gondii infection. BMC research notes 4 29510761
2025 Bat-specific adaptations in interferon signaling and GBP1 contribute to enhanced antiviral capacity. Nature communications 3 40593754
2024 Correlation between the risk of lymph node metastasis and the expression of GBP1 in breast cancer patients. Pakistan journal of medical sciences 3 38196488
2024 Drosophila cytokine GBP2 exerts immune responses and regulates GBP1 expression through GPCR receptor Mthl10. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 3 38295885
2024 BCL3, GBP1, IFI16, and CCR1 as potential brain-derived biomarkers for parietal grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Scientific reports 3 39557900
2023 The GTPase activity and isoprenylation of Swine GBP1 are critical for inhibiting the production of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Veterinary microbiology 3 37540998
2025 ESM-1 and GBP-1 are associated with endothelial dysfunction: emerging biomarkers or key players in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia? The Journal of physiology 2 40042932
2024 GBP1 promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion through activation of STAT3 by SP1. Experimental dermatology 2 38840385
2024 Guanylate-Binding Protein 1 (GBP1) Enhances IFN-α Mediated Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Polish journal of microbiology 2 38905278
2014 [Recent progress in interferon induced protein GBP1 research]. Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology 2 25272603
2025 The diagnostic value of combined detection of GBP1, IFN-γ and IL-2 in differentiating NTM from TB infection. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 1 40850648
2024 Interferon-γ-induced GBP1 is an inhibitor of human papillomavirus 18. BMC women's health 1 38622605
2024 The Large GTPase Guanylate-Binding Protein-1 (GBP-1) Promotes Mitochondrial Fission in Glioblastoma. International journal of molecular sciences 1 39457021
2020 GBP1 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma malignancy and chemoresistance via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 1 32706059
2026 Combined therapy with the estrogen receptor ERα and IFNα-2b suppresses HBV replication by inducing GBP1 expression. Frontiers in immunology 0 41624844
2026 Swine GBP1 restricts PDCoV replication via disrupting the replication and transcription complex formation. Journal of virology 0 42012181
2026 Glue it together: self-assembly of the antibacterial GTPase GBP1. Biological chemistry 0 42034390
2025 GBP1-CDK9-STAT3 signaling axis promotes osteosarcoma PD-L1 expression and immune escape. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 0 40975978
2025 A STAT1-GBP1 axis modulates epithelial proliferation in postpartum breast tissue by repressing CDKI expression. Breast cancer research : BCR 0 40999477
2025 GBP1 recruitment to actin-rich pedestals induced by extracellular Gram negative bacteria promotes pyroptosis. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41040234
2025 GBP1 as a machine learning-prioritized biomarker and therapeutic target for epstein-barr virus-induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: multi-omics causal validation. International journal of surgery (London, England) 0 41376480
2022 Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01783 Promotes the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Sponging miR-199b-5p to Mediate GBP1 Expression [Retraction]. Cancer management and research 0 35283646