| 1993 |
GABPB1 (as part of NRF-2/GABP) was identified as a multi-subunit transcription factor whose beta subunit (GABPB1) forms heteromeric complexes with the DNA-binding alpha subunit and activates nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory chain components, including cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb. NRF-2 was shown to be identical to GABP, thus assigning a cellular role in respiratory gene expression to an ETS domain activator previously known only for viral promoter activation. |
Protein purification from HeLa cells, peptide sequencing, promoter binding assays, transfection assays |
Genes & development |
High |
8383622
|
| 1993 |
GABPB1 (E4TF1-53/E4TF1-47) was cloned and shown to contain four tandem ankyrin/notch repeats, lacks intrinsic DNA-binding activity, and heterodimerizes with the ETS-domain-containing alpha subunit (E4TF1-60/GABPα) to form a functional transcription factor complex; heterodimerization is essential for transcriptional activity. |
Protein purification, partial amino acid sequencing, cDNA cloning, gel retardation assay, recombinant protein expression in E. coli |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
8441384
|
| 1995 |
Four structurally distinct beta/gamma subunits of NRF-2 (including GABPB1/beta1 and beta2, and gamma1/gamma2 variants with a 12-amino-acid insertion) were cloned and shown to share a conserved ~70 amino acid transcriptional activation domain containing tandem glutamine-containing hydrophobic clusters. All four subunits associate with GABPα and support high-affinity binding to tandem NRF-2 sites, and all activate transcription equally when fused to a GAL4 DNA-binding domain. |
cDNA cloning, overexpression, co-immunoprecipitation, GAL4 fusion transcription assays, deletion mapping, PCR, RNase protection |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
7799916
|
| 1994 |
The mouse genome encodes two highly related GABP beta polypeptides (GABPβ1 and GABPβ2) whose carboxy-terminal regions mediate dimerization via a coiled-coil (leucine zipper-like) mechanism. GABPβ1 and GABPβ2 can heterodimerize through this domain. The three GABP subunit genes map to three unlinked chromosomal loci yet show concordant expression patterns. |
Genomic and cDNA cloning, circular dichroism spectroscopy of synthetic peptides, leucine zipper swap experiment, chromosomal mapping |
Genes & development |
High |
7958862
|
| 1996 |
The transcriptional activation domain of NRF-2 (GABPB1) was mapped by deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis to tandemly arranged clusters of hydrophobic amino acids (containing glutamines) within a ~40 residue region. Glutamine residues themselves are not required for activation; rather, the surrounding hydrophobic residues are essential. This mechanism is shared with NRF-1. |
Deletion mutagenesis, alanine substitution mutagenesis, transfection-based transcription assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
8816484
|
| 1998 |
The crystal structure of GABPα/β (ETS domain – ankyrin repeat heterodimer) bound to DNA was determined at 2.15 Å resolution. The structure reveals: (1) the ankyrin repeats of GABPβ form an extensive protein-protein interface with both the ETS domain and a C-terminal extension of GABPα; (2) GABPα binds DNA through the GGA core recognition motif; (3) GABPβ is recruited by GABPα using both the ETS domain and a C-terminal extension of GABPα. |
X-ray crystallography at 2.15 Å resolution |
Science |
High |
9461436
|
| 2000 |
The cellular coactivator C1/HCF directly interacts with GABPβ (GABPB1), functioning as a novel coactivator of GABP-mediated transcription. Mutations in GABPβ that reduce GABP transactivation potential also impair the C1-GABP interaction, indicating C1/HCF mediates GABP transcriptional activity. C1/HCF coordinates multi-protein enhancer assembly at HSV-1 IE gene promoters by interacting with GABP, Oct-1, and αTIF. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, transcription assays, HSV-1 IE gene enhancer functional studies |
The EMBO journal |
High |
10675337
|
| 2008 |
PRC (PGC-1-related coactivator) associates with NRF-2/GABP in vivo via an HCF-1 intermediary. Neither PRC nor PGC-1α binds NRF-2β (GABPB1) directly; instead HCF-1 bridges the complex. Both PRC and NRF-2β bind HCF-1 in vitro. The PRC–HCF-1–NRF-2 complex occupies NRF-2-dependent promoters (TFB1M, TFB2M) in vivo, and PRC knockdown reduces TFB2M mRNA and mitochondrial transcripts and cytochrome oxidase activity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, shRNA knockdown, enzyme activity assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18343819
|
| 2013 |
GABP (requiring GABPB1 as a functional partner) directly binds the YAP/Yap promoter and activates YAP transcription. Depletion of GABP downregulates YAP, causing G1/S cell-cycle arrest and increased cell death, both rescued by YAP reconstitution. GABP transcriptional activity is inhibited by oxidative stress (glutathione depletion), linking GABP to the Hippo pathway as an upstream activator of YAP. |
ChIP, shRNA knockdown, YAP reconstitution rescue, cell cycle analysis, promoter reporter assay, in vivo mouse liver injury model |
Cell reports |
High |
23684612
|
| 2018 |
GABPB1L (the long isoform of GABPB1, β1L), which enables GABP tetramer formation, is selectively required for activating the mutant TERT promoter in glioblastoma cells harboring TERT promoter mutations. Genetic disruption of β1L silences TERT expression in a TERT promoter mutation-dependent manner, leading to telomere shortening and cell death exclusively in mutant cells, with no effect on normal cells. In vivo, β1L disruption reduces tumor burden and extends survival in orthotopic xenograft models. |
CRISPR-mediated gene disruption, shRNA knockdown, TERT expression analysis, telomere length assays, orthotopic xenograft in vivo model |
Cancer cell |
High |
30205050
|
| 2022 |
GABPB1 knockdown in thyroid cancer cells harboring TERT promoter mutations diminishes TERT expression and telomerase activity but paradoxically increases invasive potential in vitro and metastatic potential in a zebrafish xenograft model, with altered EMT marker expression. GABPB1 promoter hypermethylation suppresses its expression in aggressive thyroid cancers, and DNA methylation inhibitors restore GABPB1 expression. This demonstrates that GABPB1 has dual roles: required for TERT/telomerase activation but also functioning as a tumor suppressor to limit thyroid cancer progression. |
shRNA knockdown, invasion assays, zebrafish xenograft model, methylation-specific PCR, DNA methylation inhibitor treatment, EMT marker analysis |
Cancers |
Medium |
35326537
|
| 2022 |
GABPB1 silencing in TERT-promoter-mutant GBM cells reduces lactate, glutathione (GSH), and hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production as detected by 1H- and 13C-MRS. Mechanistically, GSH reduction is linked to reduced pentose phosphate pathway flux and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and lactate reduction is associated with decreased glycolytic flux, NADH, and reduced expression/activity of GLUT1, monocarboxylate transporters, and lactate dehydrogenase A. |
1H-MRS, hyperpolarized 13C-MRS, enzyme activity assays, shRNA knockdown, in vivo tumor models |
Neuro-oncology |
Medium |
35460557
|
| 2023 |
HOMER3 and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b catalytic subunit 3 cooperate to upregulate GABPB1 protein levels in NSCLC, which in turn controls mitochondrial inner membrane gene expression and mitochondrial function. Loss of HOMER3 reduces GABPB1 levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. |
shRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro and in vivo proliferation/invasion assays, mitochondrial function assays |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
38081871
|
| 2023 |
GABPB1 was identified as a developmentally essential gene in mice; CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Gabpb1 results in early preimplantation developmental arrest associated with apoptosis. In nuclear transfer (cloned) embryos, Gabpb1 fails to be properly reactivated due to H3K9me3-mediated repression (partly through repressed Klf16 expression), and supplementation of Gabpb1 mRNA supports efficient preimplantation development of cloned embryos. |
CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, siRNA screening, mRNA supplementation rescue, H3K9me3 ChIP analysis, embryo development assays |
Life science alliance |
Medium |
37640449
|
| 2019 |
Erastin upregulates the lncRNA GABPB1-AS1, which blocks translation of GABPB1 protein (without altering mRNA levels), leading to reduced PRDX5 (Peroxiredoxin-5) expression, suppressed antioxidant capacity, and ferroptotic cell death in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. GABPB1 protein thus functions downstream of GABPB1-AS1 to maintain PRDX5 expression and cellular redox homeostasis. |
Erastin treatment, lncRNA overexpression/knockdown, Western blot (protein level without mRNA change), PRDX5 reporter assay, cell viability assay |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
31700067
|
| 2024 |
BAIAP2L2 interacts with GABPB1 protein to inhibit its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and promote its nuclear translocation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. NFκB1 stimulates BAIAP2L2 transcription by binding its promoter. Through stabilizing GABPB1 and promoting its nuclear entry, BAIAP2L2 reduces ROS levels and enhances HCC malignancy and lenvatinib resistance. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation, promoter binding ChIP assay, shRNA knockdown, ROS measurement |
Cancer gene therapy |
Medium |
39496939
|
| 2024 |
shRNA-mediated suppression of GABPB1 in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299 decreases cell growth, clone formation, and increases apoptosis rate, confirming a cancer-promoting role for GABPB1 in lung cancer cell proliferation and survival. |
shRNA knockdown, colony formation assay, CCK-8 cell viability, apoptosis assay |
Discover oncology |
Low |
38466508
|