Affinage

FOXM1

Forkhead box protein M1 · UniProt Q08050

Length
763 aa
Mass
84.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 38 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FOXM1 is a forkhead-family transcription factor that drives proliferation by directly binding forkhead response elements on cell-cycle and genome-maintenance gene promoters, establishing it as a master regulator of G2/M progression and DNA repair (PMID:11682060, PMID:24141789). It transactivates cyclin B1 to promote mitotic entry (PMID:11682060) and induces NBS1 to elevate MRN/ATM signaling and homologous-recombination repair, with NBS1 being indispensable for its HR function (PMID:24141789). Its target repertoire, defined in part by ChIP-seq, extends to genes governing invasion, apoptosis resistance, stemness, and drug metabolism, including SNAIL (PMID:25561901), XIAP and Survivin (PMID:26404623), UHRF1 (PMID:29752436), KIF4A (PMID:31072351), and the 5-FU metabolic enzyme TYMS (PMID:30728402), as well as integrin β1 to drive FAK activation (PMID:28361350). FOXM1 also acts as a transcriptional repressor: through RB1- and DNMT3B-dependent promoter methylation it silences differentiation genes (GATA-3, FOXO1), suppressing senescence and luminal differentiation (PMID:22813746, PMID:35761036). FOXM1 abundance and activity are governed by layered post-translational control: CDK1/CDC25A-mediated phosphorylation activates it (PMID:23240008), GSK3 phosphorylation at S474 triggers FBXW7-dependent degradation while Wnt signaling and the deubiquitinases USP5 and USP39 stabilize it (PMID:26912724, PMID:28807830, PMID:36119839), APC/Cdh1 directs its ubiquitin-proteasomal turnover (PMID:32152291), SUMO1 modification inhibits it and promotes cytoplasmic translocation (PMID:24362530), and p300/CBP acetylation—reversed by SIRT1—enhances DNA binding and stability (PMID:27542221). FOXM1 integrates with Wnt signaling by recruiting β-catenin to target promoters and binding DVL2 to potentiate β-catenin transcriptional activity (PMID:26912724, PMID:33291076), and assembles into the MMB complex with LIN9/LIN54 and MYBL2 to control mitotic timing (PMID:33657372, PMID:25889361). Beyond canonical transcription, FOXM1 forms liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates at super-enhancers to sustain chromatin accessibility, a behavior abolished by AMPK phosphorylation of its IDR1 (PMID:39814884), and a fraction translocates to mitochondria to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation via PTCD1 independently of nuclear transcription (PMID:32348194).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Establishing the FOXM1 gene structure and a cell-cycle-regulated promoter framed it as a candidate proliferation-associated transcription factor before its targets were known.

    Evidence cDNA/gene isolation, chromosomal mapping, and promoter analysis in synchronized fibroblasts

    PMID:9441747

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct transcriptional targets identified
    • DNA-binding specificity not functionally mapped
  2. 2001 High

    Identifying cyclin B1 as a direct target answered how FOXM1 mechanistically promotes mitotic entry rather than merely correlating with proliferation.

    Evidence Inducible cell lines with promoter reporter assays and expression quantification

    PMID:11682060

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address upstream control of FOXM1 activity
    • Genome-wide target scope undefined
  3. 2009 Medium

    Showing p53 represses FOXM1 connected its activity to tumor-suppressor surveillance and DNA-damage checkpoints.

    Evidence p53 knockdown and DNA-damage induction with mRNA/protein readouts across cell lines

    PMID:19806025

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect repression mechanism not resolved
    • No promoter occupancy data
  4. 2013 High

    Defining the FOXM1-NBS1 axis and SUMO1 control extended FOXM1 beyond cell-cycle gene activation into DNA repair and revealed an inhibitory PTM that relocalizes and degrades it.

    Evidence ChIP, rescue/epistasis HR assays (NBS1) and SUMOylation-site mutagenesis with Ubc9-fusion (SUMO1)

    PMID:24141789 PMID:24362530

    Open questions at the time
    • SUMO ligase and deSUMOylase not identified
    • Coupling between SUMOylation and APC/Cdh1 recognition mechanistically incomplete
  5. 2012 Medium

    The reciprocal FOXM1-CDC25A circuit explained how FOXM1 activity is amplified during the cell cycle via CDK1-dependent phosphorylation at T600/T611/T620.

    Evidence ChIP, phosphosite mutagenesis, and co-IP showing phosphatase-dependent interaction

    PMID:23240008

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the phospho-enhanced interaction unknown
    • Quantitative contribution of each phosphosite undefined
  6. 2016 High

    Acetylation/deacetylation and the GSK3-FBXW7/Wnt-USP5 axis established that FOXM1 stability and DNA-binding affinity are set by competing PTM writers and erasers.

    Evidence Site-directed lysine/serine mutagenesis, co-IP with p300/CBP, SIRT1, USP5, kinase and ubiquitination assays

    PMID:26912724 PMID:27542221 PMID:28807830

    Open questions at the time
    • Crosstalk hierarchy among acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination unresolved
    • USP5 catalytic mechanism on FOXM1 not reconstituted in vitro
  7. 2016 Medium

    Demonstrating repressor activity via RB-dependent DNMT3B recruitment broadened FOXM1's mechanism from activator to context-dependent silencer of differentiation programs.

    Evidence Mammary reconstitution, DNMT3B co-IP, and bisulfite sequencing of GATA-3 promoter

    PMID:22813746

    Open questions at the time
    • How FOXM1 switches between activation and repression unknown
    • Generality across tissues untested in this study
  8. 2015 Medium

    A wave of ChIP-based target studies mapped FOXM1 onto invasion, apoptosis-resistance, stemness, and drug-resistance programs, defining its breadth as an oncogenic effector.

    Evidence ChIP/luciferase and ChIP-seq with knockdown phenotypes (SNAIL, XIAP/Survivin, STAT3, UHRF1, KIF4A, TYMS, ITGB1, RFC5, LIN9 network)

    PMID:25561901 PMID:25889361 PMID:26334131 PMID:26404623 PMID:28185110 PMID:28361350 PMID:29752436 PMID:30728402 PMID:31072351

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs E2F-cooperative binding not always distinguished
    • Single-lab, single-cancer contexts limit generality
  9. 2020 High

    Uncoupling FOXM1's nuclear and mitochondrial pools revealed a transcription-independent role in suppressing oxidative phosphorylation through PTCD1.

    Evidence Compartment-specific localization mutants, mitochondrial fractionation, PTCD1 binding, and respiration measurements

    PMID:32348194

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of FOXM1 mitochondrial import unknown
    • Physiological contribution relative to nuclear function unquantified
  10. 2021 High

    Genetic identification of the MMB-FOXM1 complex and in vivo Cdh1 epistasis tied FOXM1 to mitotic-timing control and degradation-dependent quiescence in physiological settings.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR screens with FOXM1/LIN54 knockouts; conditional knockouts and double-mutant rescue in mouse satellite cells

    PMID:32152291 PMID:33657372

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and assembly order of the MMB-FOXM1 complex undefined
    • Direct CDK1 feedback target sites on the complex not mapped
  11. 2025 High

    Discovery of FOXM1 liquid-liquid phase separation at super-enhancers, switched off by AMPK phosphorylation of IDR1, reframed its transcriptional function as condensate-driven and revealed a druggable disordered region.

    Evidence Reconstituted LLPS, genetic code-expansion site-specific phosphorylation, ATAC-seq, super-enhancer profiling, and IDR1 peptide in vivo

    PMID:39814884

    Open questions at the time
    • Composition of FOXM1 condensates incompletely defined
    • Relationship between LLPS and PTM-controlled stability unexplored

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the many PTMs, the MMB complex, condensate formation, and the mitochondrial pool are integrated into a single coherent regulatory logic across cell-cycle phases remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking PTM state to LLPS vs degradation vs mitochondrial localization
  • Structural basis of forkhead-element recognition within condensates undefined
  • Determinants of activator vs repressor mode unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 8 GO:0003677 DNA binding 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 5 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
CDC25ADNMT3BDVL2LIN9PTCD1RB1USP39USP5
Complex memberships
MMB complex (FOXM1-LIN9/LIN54-MYBL2)

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 FOXM1 overexpression stimulates cyclin B1 but not cyclin D1 expression, and activates the cyclin B1 promoter in transient reporter assays, establishing cyclin B1 as a direct transcriptional target of FOXM1. Doxycycline-inducible stable cell lines, Western blot, Northern blot, flow cytometry, transient luciferase reporter assay FEBS letters High 11682060
1997 The human FOXM1 gene (then FKHL16/TRIDENT) is located on chromosome 12p13, consists of 10 exons with the winged-helix DNA-binding domain encoded on three exons, and a 300-base promoter fragment drives cell cycle-specific expression in synchronized fibroblasts. cDNA/gene isolation, chromosomal mapping, promoter analysis in synchronized Rat-1 fibroblasts Genomics Medium 9441747
2010 FOXM1 directly transcribes the tubulin-destabilizing protein Stathmin, and FOXM1 overexpression alters microtubule dynamics to protect breast tumor cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis; siRNA knockdown of FOXM1 reversed resistance. siRNA knockdown, ARF-derived peptide inhibitor, transcriptional target assay, cell viability assays Cancer research Medium 20530690
2013 FOXM1 regulates NBS1 expression at the transcriptional level through a forkhead response element on the NBS1 promoter; FOXM1 increases NBS1/MRN complex levels and ATM phosphorylation to promote homologous recombination DNA repair; NBS1 is indispensable for the HR function of FOXM1 (FOXM1 overexpression failed to augment HR in NBS1-depleted cells). ChIP on NBS1 promoter, luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown/rescue, HR assay, γH2AX foci, senescence assays in breast cancer cells and MEFs Oncogene High 24141789
2013 FOXM1 is dynamically modified by SUMO1 (but not SUMO2/3) at multiple consensus conjugation sites; SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 transcriptional activity, promotes cytoplasmic translocation, and enhances APC/Cdh1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation; a SUMOylation-deficient mutant showed enhanced proliferation while an auto-SUMOylating (FOXM1-Ubc9) fusion caused persistent cyclin B1 expression and mitotic delay. Mutagenesis of SUMOylation sites, Ubc9 fusion protein (auto-SUMOylating mutant), cell cycle analysis, ubiquitination assays, localization studies Oncogene High 24362530
2016 GSK3 phosphorylates FOXM1 at serine 474, inducing FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation; Wnt signaling activation inhibits GSK3-Axin-mediated FoxM1 phosphorylation, leading to USP5-mediated deubiquitination and FoxM1 stabilization; stabilized nuclear FoxM1 then recruits β-catenin to Wnt target-gene promoters and protects the β-catenin/TCF4 complex from ICAT inhibition. Co-IP, GSK3 kinase assays, ubiquitination assays, site-directed mutagenesis (S474), luciferase reporter, ChIP The EMBO journal High 26912724
2015 FOXM1 directly binds the SNAIL promoter via two specific binding sites and constitutively transactivates it, driving EMT-dependent migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. ChIP, luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown, in vitro migration/invasion assays, in vivo xenograft International journal of biological sciences Medium 25561901
2015 FOXM1 directly binds the promoters of antiapoptotic genes XIAP and Survivin and transcriptionally upregulates their expression; FOXM1 knockdown reduced XIAP/Survivin expression and promoter binding, conferring apoptosis sensitization in breast cancer cells. ChIP on XIAP and Survivin promoters, FOXM1 knockdown/overexpression, apoptosis assays Cellular signalling Medium 26404623
2016 FOXM1 acts as a transcriptional repressor and, through association with DNMT3b in an Rb-dependent manner, promotes methylation of the GATA-3 promoter, suppressing luminal differentiation and expanding luminal progenitor pools in the mammary gland. Mammary gland reconstitution assays, FOXM1 knockdown/overexpression, DNMT3b co-IP/association, bisulfite sequencing of GATA-3 promoter Cell reports Medium 22813746
2016 FOXM1 acetylation by p300/CBP at lysines K63, K422, K440, K603, and K614 increases its DNA-binding affinity, protein stability, and phosphorylation sensitivity; SIRT1 physically binds to and deacetylates FOXM1, attenuating its transcriptional activity and decreasing protein stability; acetylation-deficient FOXM1 mutants showed significantly weaker tumorigenic activity. In vivo acetylation assays, site-directed mutagenesis of lysine residues, co-IP with p300/CBP and SIRT1, DNA-binding assays, tumor growth assays Oncotarget High 27542221
2012 FOXM1 directly regulates CDC25A gene transcription via direct promoter binding and indirect activation of E2F-dependent pathways; CDC25A in turn synergistically enhances FOXM1 transcriptional activity through CDK1-dependent phosphorylation of FOXM1 at T600, T611, and T620; a novel protein-protein interaction between FOXM1 and CDC25A is dependent on CDC25A phosphatase activity and is enhanced by T600/T611 phosphorylation. ChIP, luciferase reporter, mutagenesis of FOXM1 phosphorylation sites, co-IP, co-expression experiments PloS one Medium 23240008
2015 FOXM1 directly transcribes STAT3 through binding to the STAT3 promoter (demonstrated by ChIP and luciferase assay) and this is required for human endometrial stromal cell differentiation/decidualization; FOXM1 inhibition also downregulates cyclin B1 and delays G2/M transition in these cells. ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown in HESC, G2/M cell cycle analysis Scientific reports Medium 26334131
2017 FOXM1 directly binds to the UHRF1 gene promoter at FKH motifs and transcriptionally activates UHRF1 expression in an E2F-independent manner, thereby regulating cancer stem cell self-renewal and taxane resistance. ChIP on UHRF1 promoter, luciferase reporter, FOXM1 knockdown/overexpression, promoter mutagenesis Cell death & disease Medium 29752436
2018 Honokiol directly binds to FOXM1 protein and inhibits FOXM1-mediated transcription and protein expression; binding specificity requires both substitution and dimerization of allylphenols. Direct binding assay (physical interaction of honokiol with FOXM1), FOXM1 transcriptional activity assay, compound structure-activity studies Cell death & disease Medium 29367668
2017 USP5 deubiquitinates and stabilizes FoxM1 protein through direct interaction; co-IP confirmed endogenous USP5-FoxM1 interaction; USP5 overexpression extended FoxM1 half-life and knockdown decreased FoxM1 protein levels in a proteasome-dependent manner. Reciprocal co-IP of endogenous proteins, protein half-life (cycloheximide chase), proteasome inhibitor rescue (MG-132), USP5 knockdown/overexpression Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 28807830
2022 USP39 deubiquitinates and stabilizes FOXM1 protein through direct interaction; USP39 overexpression reduces FOXM1 ubiquitination, enhances FOXM1 transcriptional activity, and promotes downstream Cdc25b and Plk1 expression; USP39 and FOXM1 are positively correlated in breast cancer. Co-IP, in vitro deubiquitination assay, FOXM1 ubiquitination levels, gene expression of downstream targets American journal of cancer research Medium 36119839
2019 FOXM1c (the most highly expressed isoform) directly binds the KIF4A promoter and transcriptionally regulates KIF4A expression; FOXM1-induced HCC cell proliferation is dependent on KIF4A, as KIF4A knockdown abolishes FOXM1-induced proliferation. ChIP, luciferase reporter, isoform-specific knockdown/overexpression, in vitro proliferation assays, xenograft mouse model Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 31072351
2019 FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates TYMS, TK-1, and TYMP (5-FU metabolic targets) as demonstrated by ChIP and ChIP-seq; FOXM1 knockdown reduces TYMS expression while overexpression increases it; FOXM1-TYMS axis mediates 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer. ChIP, global ChIP-seq, FOXM1 knockdown/overexpression, 5-FU resistance functional assays Scientific reports Medium 30728402
2016 FOXM1 directly interacts with phosphorylated STAT3 under radiation treatment in glioblastoma cells, as demonstrated by co-IP and co-localization; radiation-induced FOXM1 expression is dependent on STAT3 activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization assay, STAT3 inhibition experiments, RPPA Oncotarget Medium 27764801
2019 Phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) directly binds the FOXM1 promoter to downregulate its transcription; IFNγ-promoted pSTAT1 suppresses FOXM1 expression and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine; demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP on FOXM1 promoter, IFNγ treatment, in vitro and in vivo apoptosis/proliferation assays Clinical science Medium 30782607
2009 p53 negatively regulates FOXM1 expression: partial deletion or inactivation of p53 leads to upregulation of FOXM1 mRNA and protein, while p53 induction by DNA damage leads to FOXM1 downregulation. p53 knockdown in human fibroblasts and cancer cell lines, DNA damage induction, mRNA and protein level analysis Cell cycle Medium 19806025
2017 FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates integrin β1 (ITGB1) gene expression by directly binding to its promoter, and this drives FAK activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells. ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blot for FAK activation Breast cancer research and treatment Medium 28361350
2017 FOXM1 transcriptionally activates RFC5 (replication factor C5) by binding to the RFC5 promoter, and this promotes temozolomide resistance in glioma cells independently of MGMT; knockdown of FOXM1 or RFC5 re-sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ. ChIP on RFC5 promoter, FOXM1/RFC5 knockdown, drug sensitivity assays, correlation in human glioma cells Cell biology and toxicology Medium 28185110
2020 FOXM1 protein translocates into mitochondria and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by directly binding to and increasing PTCD1 (a mitochondrial leucine-specific tRNA binding protein that inhibits leucine-rich ETC complexes); this mitochondrial function is independent of nuclear transcription and does not affect cellular proliferation. Site-directed mutagenesis to generate compartment-specific localization mutants, mitochondrial fractionation, direct binding assay with PTCD1, mitochondrial respiration measurements, membrane potential assays Molecular biology of the cell High 32348194
2021 FOXM1 directly binds the DKK1 gene 5'-UTR and transcriptionally activates DKK1 expression; DKK1 in turn signals via CKAP4-AKT and ERK pathways to maintain FOXM1 expression, forming a positive feedback loop that promotes tumor growth; FOXM1 induces DKK1 independently of Wnt signaling. FOXM1 binding site identification in DKK1 5'-UTR, DKK1/FOXM1 knockdown, pathway inhibitor epistasis, RNA-seq Oncogene Medium 34117362
2021 MMB-FOXM1 complex (comprising FOXM1, LIN54, and MYBL2/B-MYB) is required for CHK1 inhibitor-induced premature mitosis in late S phase; knockout of FOXM1 or LIN54 reduces CHK1i-induced DNA replication stress markers and premature mitosis; a feedback loop between the MMB-FOXM1 complex and CDK1 drives this premature mitosis. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens, FOXM1/LIN54 knockout, DNA damage marker assays, cell cycle analysis Cell reports High 33657372
2021 LIN9 is the direct binding partner of FOXM1 in the MMB complex; FOXM1 and its target gene network are co-upregulated in oesophageal adenocarcinoma; ChIP-seq defines the FOXM1 target gene network in OAC cells. ChIP-seq, Nanostring gene expression assay, LIN9-FOXM1 binding assay, OAC tissue analysis Molecular cancer Medium 25889361
2020 FOXM1 directly binds DVL2 and enhances nuclear translocation of DVL2, promoting DVL2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity to induce Snail expression, metastasis, and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Co-IP (FOXM1-DVL2 interaction), nuclear fractionation, TCF/LEF reporter assay for β-catenin transcriptional activity, knockdown of DVL2/Snail/FOXM1 Aging Medium 33291076
2020 E3 ubiquitin ligase Cdh1 (Fzr1) is required for FoxM1 ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation; loss of Cdh1 promotes quiescent satellite cells into the cell cycle and depletes the satellite cell pool; haploinsufficiency of FoxM1 ameliorates the muscle regeneration defect of Cdh1 knockout mice. FoxM1 also functions as a direct transcriptional activator of Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) to prevent hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during muscle regeneration. Conditional FoxM1 knockout in satellite cells, Cdh1 knockout mice, genetic rescue (FoxM1 haploinsufficiency in Cdh1 KO), ChIP/promoter assay for Apc, ubiquitination assays Cell death & disease High 32152291
2022 FOXM1 binds RB1 and recruits DNMT3B to repress FOXO1 expression; reduced FOXO1 leads to decreased CDK-inhibitor levels, enabling RB1 phosphorylation and inactivation; inhibition of FOXM1 restores FOXO1 and activates RB1, inducing senescence of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Co-IP (FOXM1-RB1-DNMT3B complex), FOXO1/RB1 expression analysis upon FOXM1 manipulation, repression-deficient FOXM1 mutants, in vivo tumor model Oncogene Medium 35761036
2014 FoxM1 directly binds and transcriptionally activates the SIRT1 promoter at a minimal FoxM1 binding site in glioma cells; FoxM1 overexpression promotes and knockdown inhibits Sirt1 expression. ChIP, luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown, RT-PCR and Western blot European review for medical and pharmacological sciences Low 24488909
2025 FOXM1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with FKH consensus DNA elements, compartmentalizing the transcription apparatus in the nucleus to sustain chromatin accessibility and super-enhancer landscapes; AMPK phosphorylates FOXM1 at a specific IDR1 site, causing electrostatic repulsion that abolishes FOXM1 LLPS; a peptide targeting IDR1 disrupts FOXM1 condensates and inhibits tumor malignancy while activating innate immune responses. Phase separation screening, genetic code-expansion orthogonal system demonstrating phosphoryl moiety at IDR1, AMPK phosphorylation assays, chromatin accessibility assays (ATAC-seq), super-enhancer profiling, peptide functional assays in vivo Nature High 39814884
2019 FOXM1 isoforms FOXM1b and FOXM1c are transcriptionally active while FOXM1a is not, as demonstrated in a CRISPR FOXM1 knockout model; FOXM1c shows highest expression in normal and tumor tissues. CRISPR knockout, isoform-specific re-expression, transcriptional activity reporter Cancers Medium 30795624
2022 FOXM1 directly binds the METTL3 promoter and represses METTL3 transcription in human scleral fibroblasts; reduced METTL3 decreases m6A methylation of APOA1 mRNA, reducing YTHDF2-mediated degradation and thereby increasing APOA1 stability and expression. ChIP (FOXM1 enrichment at METTL3 promoter), Me-RIP (m6A levels of APOA1), PAR-CLIP (METTL3-APOA1 binding), loss- and gain-of-function experiments Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 38190128
2021 FOXM1 nuclear localization is inhibited by the small-molecule compound RCM-1, and RCM-1 decreases the protein-protein interaction between β-catenin and FOXM1 in tumor cells, reducing β-catenin nuclear localization and inhibiting tumor growth. Confocal imaging of FOXM1 nuclear localization, co-IP (β-catenin/FOXM1 interaction), colony formation assay, in vivo tumor models (rhabdomyosarcoma, melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma) Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 31040162
2023 Foxm1 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury in zebrafish through transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes including cenpf; foxm1 mutant hearts show decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and cell cycle gene expression; cenpf (a microtubule/kinetochore binding protein) mutants show increased cardiomyocyte binucleation, suggesting a role in completing mitosis. foxm1 zebrafish mutant, transcriptomic analysis, cenpf mutant characterization, cardiomyocyte proliferation markers Development Medium 36846912
2022 FAM64A physically interacts with FOXM1 in HNSCC cells and promotes FOXM1-dependent transcription; FAM64A also modulates FOXM1 expression via the FOXM1 autoregulatory loop. Co-IP (FAM64A-FOXM1 interaction), FOXM1 transcriptional activity assay, FAM64A depletion/overexpression, in vitro and in vivo cancer cell assays International journal of oral science Low 35538067
2014 An N-terminally truncated activated form of FoxM1 (FoxM1ΔNRD) bypasses two post-translational controls: exposure of the forkhead DNA-binding domain and targeted proteasomal degradation; activated FoxM1 protects β-cells from streptozotocin-induced death and alters extracellular matrix and immune cell gene expression profiles. Inducible transgenic mouse model (RIP-rtTA;TetO-HA-FoxM1ΔNRD), STZ-induced β-cell injury, RNA sequencing, β-cell mass/proliferation/death measurements Molecular endocrinology Medium 25073103

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 FOXM1: From cancer initiation to progression and treatment. Biochimica et biophysica acta 358 21978825
2006 FoxM1: at the crossroads of ageing and cancer. Biochimica et biophysica acta 351 17014965
2018 Regulation of the master regulator FOXM1 in cancer. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 339 30208972
2007 FOXM1, a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor. Biological chemistry 283 18020943
2017 FOXM1 in Cancer: Interactions and Vulnerabilities. Cancer research 197 28584182
2011 Multiple faces of FoxM1 transcription factor: lessons from transgenic mouse models. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 189 21270518
2013 FOX(M1) news--it is cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics 185 23443798
2019 Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Genomic Features of FOXM1 Overexpression in Cancer. Cancers 176 30795624
2014 FOXM1: an emerging master regulator of DNA damage response and genotoxic agent resistance. Biochimica et biophysica acta 175 25287128
2010 FoxM1 mediates resistance to herceptin and paclitaxel. Cancer research 155 20530690
2001 Over-expression of FoxM1 stimulates cyclin B1 expression. FEBS letters 152 11682060
2012 Targeting FOXM1 in cancer. Biochemical pharmacology 146 23103567
2014 FOXM1: A key oncofoetal transcription factor in health and disease. Seminars in cancer biology 143 25068996
2019 FOXM1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating KIF4A expression. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 133 31072351
2021 FOXM1 and Cancer: Faulty Cellular Signaling Derails Homeostasis. Frontiers in oncology 123 33680951
2017 FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Seminars in cancer biology 120 28855104
2019 FOXM1 modulates 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer through regulating TYMS expression. Scientific reports 110 30728402
2013 FOXM1 targets NBS1 to regulate DNA damage-induced senescence and epirubicin resistance. Oncogene 110 24141789
2018 FOXM1 is a critical driver of lung fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis. The Journal of clinical investigation 106 29733296
1997 The human TRIDENT/HFH-11/FKHL16 gene: structure, localization, and promoter characterization. Genomics 106 9441747
2015 FOXM1 targets XIAP and Survivin to modulate breast cancer survival and chemoresistance. Cellular signalling 104 26404623
2016 Wnt-induced deubiquitination FoxM1 ensures nucleus β-catenin transactivation. The EMBO journal 101 26912724
2013 SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 activity and delays mitotic transition. Oncogene 90 24362530
2023 FOXM1: A small fox that makes more tracks for cancer progression and metastasis. Seminars in cancer biology 89 36958703
2019 The novel circCLK3/miR-320a/FoxM1 axis promotes cervical cancer progression. Cell death & disease 85 31831728
2009 p53 negatively regulates expression of FoxM1. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 84 19806025
2022 Dysregulated FOXM1 signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Seminars in cancer biology 81 35931301
2010 FoxM1 is up-regulated by obesity and stimulates beta-cell proliferation. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 80 20660304
2010 A new target for proteasome inhibitors: FoxM1. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 78 20074015
2021 FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers 74 34205406
1999 HNF-3/forkhead homologue-4 (HFH-4) is expressed in ciliated epithelial cells in the developing mouse lung. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 72 10330459
2020 FOXM1: a potential therapeutic target in human solid cancers. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 69 32067537
2012 FoxM1 regulates mammary luminal cell fate. Cell reports 66 22813746
2015 FOXM1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis by upregulating SNAIL. International journal of biological sciences 65 25561901
2017 USP5 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer by stabilizing FoxM1 protein. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 64 28807830
2008 FoxM1 inhibitors as potential anticancer drugs. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 59 18479213
2025 Targeting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis. Nature 56 39814884
2019 The FOXM1 Inhibitor RCM-1 Decreases Carcinogenesis and Nuclear β-Catenin. Molecular cancer therapeutics 56 31040162
2016 FOXM1 and STAT3 interaction confers radioresistance in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 55 27764801
2016 FOXM1 in sarcoma: role in cell cycle, pluripotency genes and stem cell pathways. Oncotarget 53 27074562
2013 The roles of FOXM1 in pancreatic stem cells and carcinogenesis. Molecular cancer 53 24325450
2018 Honokiol is a FOXM1 antagonist. Cell death & disease 47 29367668
2015 FOXM1 is a therapeutic target for high-risk multiple myeloma. Leukemia 46 26648534
2022 FOXM1 regulates glycolysis and energy production in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 45 35794249
2020 FoxM1 promotes the migration of ovarian cancer cell through KRT5 and KRT7. Gene 44 32659254
2018 Disrupting LXRα phosphorylation promotes FoxM1 expression and modulates atherosclerosis by inducing macrophage proliferation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 44 29950315
2018 FOXM1 contributes to taxane resistance by regulating UHRF1-controlled cancer cell stemness. Cell death & disease 43 29752436
2019 STAT1-mediated inhibition of FOXM1 enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 41 30782607
2021 Targeting of the FOXM1 Oncoprotein by E3 Ligase-Assisted Degradation. Journal of medicinal chemistry 40 34812040
2019 The multifaceted roles of FOXM1 in pulmonary disease. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 40 30992007
2021 MMB-FOXM1-driven premature mitosis is required for CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity. Cell reports 39 33657372
2015 FoxM1 Directs STAT3 Expression Essential for Human Endometrial Stromal Decidualization. Scientific reports 39 26334131
2010 EPS8 upregulates FOXM1 expression, enhancing cell growth and motility. Carcinogenesis 38 20351091
2017 FoxM1-mediated RFC5 expression promotes temozolomide resistance. Cell biology and toxicology 37 28185110
2017 FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates expression of integrin β1 in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment 37 28361350
2021 The Dickkopf1 and FOXM1 positive feedback loop promotes tumor growth in pancreatic and esophageal cancers. Oncogene 36 34117362
2020 FOXM1 nuclear transcription factor translocates into mitochondria and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. Molecular biology of the cell 36 32348194
2012 Novel interactions between FOXM1 and CDC25A regulate the cell cycle. PloS one 36 23240008
2017 Roles of FoxM1 in cell regulation and breast cancer targeting therapy. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 34 28176242
2015 The EGF receptor ligand amphiregulin controls cell division via FoxM1. Oncogene 34 26234682
2003 Endothelial differentiation gene receptors in pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells. Diabetes 34 12882914
2022 USP39 facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation through stabilization of FOXM1. American journal of cancer research 33 36119839
2013 mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate insulin secretion through Akt in INS-1 cells. The Journal of endocrinology 33 23092880
2012 FoxM1: a potential drug target for glioma. Future oncology (London, England) 33 22409458
2021 Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer. eLife 32 33890574
2023 FOXM1: Functional Roles of FOXM1 in Non-Malignant Diseases. Biomolecules 31 37238726
2016 Acetylation of FOXM1 is essential for its transactivation and tumor growth stimulation. Oncotarget 31 27542221
2019 High impact of miRNA-4521 on FOXM1 expression in medulloblastoma. Cell death & disease 30 31541075
2016 Expression of FOXM1 and related proteins in breast cancer molecular subtypes. International journal of experimental pathology 30 27277416
2024 Meningioma achieves malignancy and erastin-induced ferroptosis resistance through FOXM1-AURKA-NRF2 axis. Redox biology 28 38642502
2023 Role of transcription factor FOXM1 in diabetes and its complications (Review). International journal of molecular medicine 28 37681487
2022 FOXM1-induced TYMS upregulation promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer cell international 28 35093082
2015 Deregulation of the FOXM1 target gene network and its coregulatory partners in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Molecular cancer 28 25889361
2023 Forkhead box transcription factors (FOXOs and FOXM1) in glioma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Cancer cell international 27 37821870
2020 FOXM1 drives HPV+ HNSCC sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 27 33093209
2003 Modulation of Ca2+ oscillations by phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors. Biochemical Society transactions 27 14505457
2020 A Cdh1-FoxM1-Apc axis controls muscle development and regeneration. Cell death & disease 25 32152291
2020 FOXM1/DVL2/Snail axis drives metastasis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Aging 25 33291076
2015 FoxM1 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer drug therapy. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 25 25640357
2015 FOXM1: A novel drug target in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 25 25797272
2023 Foxm1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation in adult zebrafish after cardiac injury. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 36846912
2018 Downreguation of FoxM1 by miR-214 inhibits proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene therapy 24 29973656
2014 FoxM1 regulates Sirt1 expression in glioma cells. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 23 24488909
2014 Activated FoxM1 attenuates streptozotocin-mediated β-cell death. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 23 25073103
2023 Heat shock proteins and cancer: The FoxM1 connection. Biochemical pharmacology 22 36931349
2020 SP1-independent inhibition of FOXM1 by modified thiazolidinediones. European journal of medicinal chemistry 21 33069434
2018 FOXM1 contributes to treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia. JCI insight 21 30089730
2014 CXCL12-induced upregulation of FOXM1 expression promotes human glioblastoma cell invasion. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 24561124
2013 Signaling of miRNAs-FOXM1 in cancer and potential targeted therapy. Current drug targets 21 23834153
2022 Circular RNA circBFAR promotes glioblastoma progression by regulating a miR-548b/FoxM1 axis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20 35202487
2005 Dynamics of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor during polarization of MDCK cells. Biology of the cell 20 15730344
2024 FOXM1 Participates in Scleral Remodeling in Myopia by Upregulating APOA1 Expression Through METTL3/YTHDF2. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 19 38190128
2024 The Promise of Combination Therapies with FOXM1 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. Cancers 19 38398147
2022 A novel HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis regulates tumor metastasis. Journal of biomedical science 18 35365182
2022 FAM64A promotes HNSCC tumorigenesis by mediating transcriptional autoregulation of FOXM1. International journal of oral science 18 35538067
2022 Hepatocellular carcinoma evades RB1-induced senescence by activating the FOXM1-FOXO1 axis. Oncogene 18 35761036
2021 Mir-320b Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation by Targeting FOXM1. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 18 32942974
2017 miR-216b inhibits glioma cell migration and invasion through suppression of FoxM1. Oncology reports 18 28731180
2015 Is there potential to target FOXM1 for 'undruggable' lung cancers? Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 18 25936405
2021 MNK1 and MNK2 enforce expression of E2F1, FOXM1, and WEE1 to drive soft tissue sarcoma. Oncogene 17 33564073

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