Affinage

FGFRL1

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 · UniProt Q8N441

Length
504 aa
Mass
54.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
60 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 23 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FGFRL1 (FGFR5) is a transmembrane receptor structurally related to classical FGFRs but lacking an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, functioning instead as a modulator of FGF signaling, a cell adhesion molecule, and a cell fusogen. Its three extracellular Ig-like domains bind FGF ligands (FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF8, FGF10, FGF22) and heparin with high affinity—Ig2 is the primary FGF8-binding site and Ig3 is essential for metanephric kidney formation and mediates cell–cell fusion through a hydrophobic β-sheet site that evolved fusogenic capacity in vertebrates (PMID:19920134, PMID:33019532, PMID:31923383, PMID:20851884, PMID:28596102). FGFRL1 forms constitutive homodimers/homotrimers and assembles into 2:1 heterocomplexes with FGFR1 to function as a co-receptor that promotes beta-cell glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and survival, while its shed ectodomain can antagonize FGF signaling as a decoy receptor (PMID:30217817, PMID:35414066, PMID:19920134). Loss of Fgfrl1 in mice causes perinatal lethality with diaphragm aplasia, kidney agenesis, craniofacial dysgenesis, and loss of slow muscle fibers, recapitulating features of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (PMID:17986259, PMID:19383940, PMID:25172430).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Identification of FGFRL1 as a fifth FGFR family member established that a kinase-dead receptor with three Ig domains and a short intracellular tail exists in the FGF signaling system, raising the question of how it functions without catalytic activity.

    Evidence Subtractive cDNA cloning and structural domain analysis

    PMID:11031111

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional data on signaling or biological role
    • Ligand binding not yet tested
    • Expression pattern not fully characterized
  2. 2001 High

    Demonstrating that the FGFRL1 ectodomain binds FGF2 but not FGF7 or EGF established ligand selectivity, showing this kinase-dead receptor retains specific FGF-binding capability.

    Evidence Recombinant Fc-fusion binding assay with purified ligands

    PMID:11418238

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding affinity not quantitatively measured
    • Full ligand spectrum not tested
    • Cellular consequence of binding unknown
  3. 2003 High

    Showing that FGFRL1 localizes to the plasma membrane and inhibits cell proliferation upon overexpression provided the first functional evidence for a decoy receptor mechanism.

    Evidence GFP fusion localization, heparin/FGF2 binding assays, and proliferation assay in MG-63 cells

    PMID:12813049

    Open questions at the time
    • Decoy mechanism not directly demonstrated in signaling pathway terms
    • No loss-of-function data
  4. 2007 High

    Fgfrl1 knockout mice dying perinatally from diaphragm deficiency established the first essential in vivo function, showing this receptor is not merely redundant with classical FGFRs.

    Evidence Targeted gene knockout in mice with histological and molecular analysis

    PMID:17986259

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism underlying diaphragm defect unknown
    • Cell-type-specific requirements not resolved
  5. 2007 High

    Discovery that FGFRL1 forms constitutive homodimers and promotes heparan-sulfate-dependent cell adhesion revealed a ligand-independent adhesion function distinct from classical FGFR signaling.

    Evidence FRET, co-precipitation, cell adhesion assays with heparin competition and heparin-binding-site mutagenesis

    PMID:18061161

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of adhesion function not tested
    • Identity of trans-binding partner on opposing cell unknown
  6. 2008 High

    A human frameshift mutation in FGFRL1 causing craniosynostosis, combined with identification of two intracellular sorting motifs, revealed that intracellular trafficking controls receptor surface density and linked FGFRL1 to human craniofacial disease.

    Evidence Subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy and deletion mutagenesis of patient mutation

    PMID:19056490

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which altered surface retention causes craniosynostosis not established
    • Single family reported
  7. 2009 High

    Broad FGF-ligand profiling, quantitative binding data, and in vivo epistasis in Xenopus formally established the decoy receptor model: shed or membrane-bound FGFRL1 sequesters FGFs to antagonize canonical FGFR signaling.

    Evidence Ligand dot blot, cell-based binding, surface plasmon resonance, and ectopic expression in Xenopus embryos

    PMID:19920134

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of shed vs. membrane-bound decoy function in vivo unclear
    • Protease responsible for ectodomain shedding unidentified
  8. 2009 High

    Fgfrl1 knockout mice lacking kidneys due to failed ureteric branching and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, combined with recapitulation of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome features, expanded the essential in vivo roles to nephrogenesis, craniofacial, and cardiac development.

    Evidence Targeted knockout with in situ hybridization, marker analysis, and comprehensive phenotypic characterization

    PMID:19383940 PMID:19715689

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-autonomous vs. non-autonomous role in nephron progenitors not distinguished
    • Downstream signaling pathway in kidney unknown
  9. 2009 High

    Quantitative measurement of zinc binding by the histidine-rich intracellular tail (~2.6 Zn²⁺/mol) identified a novel zinc-binding module, suggesting a metal-dependent function for the cytoplasmic domain.

    Evidence Recombinant protein atomic absorption spectroscopy with evolutionary comparison to sea urchin ortholog

    PMID:20021659

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of zinc binding unknown
    • Whether zinc binding regulates trafficking or partner interactions untested
  10. 2010 High

    Discovery that FGFRL1 induces cell–cell fusion into multinucleated syncytia, requiring only Ig3 and the transmembrane domain, uncovered a fusogenic activity unprecedented among Ig-superfamily receptors.

    Evidence Overexpression in CHO/HEK293/HeLa cells with luciferase/GFP cytoplasmic mixing reporters and domain deletions

    PMID:20851884

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo tissue where fusion occurs not identified
    • Whether fusion is homotypic or heterotypic in vivo unknown
  11. 2011 High

    Identification of Spred1/Sprouty family members as intracellular binding partners of the histidine-rich tail connected FGFRL1 to Ras/MAPK pathway regulation and showed Spred1 increases receptor surface retention.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-precipitation, co-localization in COS1/HEK293 cells, truncation analysis

    PMID:21616146

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of Spred1 interaction for MAPK signaling output not directly tested
    • In vivo relevance not confirmed
  12. 2013 High

    In beta-cells, FGFRL1 activates ERK1/2 in a ligand-independent manner via SHP-1 phosphatase recruitment to its SH2-binding motif, demonstrating that the kinase-dead receptor can transduce intracellular signals through adaptor/phosphatase interactions.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion/point mutation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay, localization to insulin granules

    PMID:23640895

    Open questions at the time
    • Contradicted by later study finding no ERK effect in other cell types
    • SHP-1 interaction not validated in vivo
  13. 2014 High

    Domain-specific in vivo analysis established that the entire intracellular domain is dispensable for diaphragm and kidney development, definitively assigning essential functions to the extracellular region and resolving apparent contradictions with cell-based signaling studies.

    Evidence Knock-in mouse replacing intracellular domain with GFP, comprehensive phenotypic evaluation; concurrent KO showing slow muscle fiber loss

    PMID:25126760 PMID:25172430

    Open questions at the time
    • How the extracellular domain signals for slow fiber specification unknown
    • Slight glomerular reduction in knock-in mice not explained
  14. 2015 High

    Mapping the fusogenic determinant to a hydrophobic β-sheet site on Ig3, where single amino acid mutations abolish fusion, defined the molecular basis of FGFRL1-mediated cell fusion at residue-level resolution.

    Evidence Point mutagenesis, inhibition by soluble Ig1-2-3 and anti-Ig3 monoclonal antibodies, computational modeling

    PMID:26025674

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural mechanism of membrane merger not resolved
    • No crystal structure of Ig3 available
  15. 2016 High

    Systematic gain- and loss-of-function experiments found no effect on proliferation or ERK1/2 signaling but confirmed adhesion-promoting activity, repositioning FGFRL1 as primarily a cell adhesion molecule rather than a canonical signaling receptor.

    Evidence TetOn-inducible overexpression, siRNA knockdown, Kinexus antibody microarray for 250 signaling proteins, adhesion assays

    PMID:27220341

    Open questions at the time
    • Discrepancy with beta-cell ERK activation data not fully resolved
    • Adhesion partner on opposing cell still unidentified
  16. 2017 High

    Evolutionary analysis showed fusogenic Ig3 activity emerged in vertebrates through acquisition of specific hydrophobic residues, as four mutations converted non-fusogenic invertebrate/fish-duplicate Ig3 into a fusogen, revealing the molecular evolutionary origin of this function.

    Evidence Comparative Ig3 domain expression from multiple species, CHO cell fusion assay, gain-of-function mutagenesis

    PMID:28596102

    Open questions at the time
    • Selective advantage of fusogenic activity in vertebrate evolution unclear
    • In vivo fusion target tissue still unidentified
  17. 2018 High

    Demonstration that FGFRL1 forms 2:1 heterocomplexes with FGFR1 that assemble into 4:2 signaling units upon FGF2 stimulation established a co-receptor mechanism, explaining how a kinase-dead receptor can modulate FGFR1 signaling output in beta-cells.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative live-cell molecular interaction imaging, siRNA knockdown, survival assay

    PMID:30217817

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FGFRL1-FGFR1 heterocomplexes form in non-beta-cell contexts unknown
    • Stoichiometry not confirmed by structural methods
  18. 2020 High

    Ig2 was identified as the primary high-affinity FGF8-binding domain (KD ~2–3 nM), while systematic domain-specific knockouts showed Ig3 is essential for kidney formation and Ig2 contributes to kidney size, assigning distinct in vivo roles to individual extracellular domains.

    Evidence Recombinant domain SPR binding assays; domain-specific knockout mice with histological analysis

    PMID:31923383 PMID:33019532

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Ig3 kidney function is mediated by fusion, adhesion, or ligand binding is unresolved
    • Ig3 binding partners in metanephric mesenchyme unknown
  19. 2022 High

    Functional studies in beta-cells showed FGFRL1 enhances glucose-stimulated NADPH metabolism, insulin secretion, and maturity marker expression through the FGFR5/FGFR1 complex, with a truncated isoform acting as a dominant-negative, providing a physiological context for the co-receptor mechanism.

    Evidence Genetically encoded NADPH sensor, overexpression, dominant-negative truncation, insulin secretion and transcript analysis

    PMID:35414066

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo beta-cell phenotype in Fgfrl1 knockout mice not reported
    • Whether laminin-FGFRL1 axis operates in islet development unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major open questions include the physiological tissue in which FGFRL1-mediated cell fusion occurs, the identity of the ectodomain shedding protease, the structural basis of Ig3-mediated fusion, and whether the co-receptor and decoy-receptor mechanisms operate in the same or different developmental contexts.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of FGFRL1
  • In vivo fusion target tissue unidentified
  • Ectodomain shedding protease unidentified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2 GO:0005576 extracellular region 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4
Partners
ENO1FGF2FGF8FGFR1SHP-1SPRED1
Complex memberships
FGFRL1 homodimer/homotrimerFGFRL1:FGFR1 heterocomplex (2:1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 23 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 FGFRL1 is an integral membrane protein with three extracellular Ig-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a short intracellular domain that lacks any protein tyrosine kinase domain, distinguishing it from classical FGFRs. Subtractive cDNA cloning, structural analysis Genomics High 11031111
2001 Recombinant FGFRL1 (FGFR5) ectodomain binds FGF-2 specifically but not FGF-7 or EGF, and with lower affinity than cognate FGFR2C. Recombinant Fc-fusion protein binding assay Gene High 11418238
2003 FGFRL1 localizes to the plasma membrane when expressed as a GFP fusion protein in cultured cells, interacts specifically with heparin and FGF2, and exerts a negative effect on cell proliferation when overexpressed in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, consistent with a decoy receptor function. GFP fusion live-cell localization, baculovirus recombinant protein production, heparin and FGF2 binding assays, proliferation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12813049
2007 Targeted disruption of the Fgfrl1 gene in mice causes perinatal death due to a significantly reduced diaphragm muscle, demonstrating an essential role of FGFRL1 in diaphragm development. Targeted gene knockout in mice, histological and molecular analysis The FEBS journal High 17986259
2007 FGFRL1 forms constitutive homodimers at the cell surface as demonstrated by FRET and co-precipitation, and its extracellular domain promotes cell adhesion mediated by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans; adhesion is blocked by soluble heparin and reduced by mutagenesis of the heparin-binding site. FRET, co-precipitation, cell adhesion assay, in vitro mutagenesis Experimental cell research High 18061161
2008 A human FGFRL1 frameshift mutation causing craniosynostosis alters subcellular localization: mutant FGFRL1 is retained predominantly at the plasma membrane rather than in vesicular/Golgi structures as seen for wild-type; two intracellular motifs (tandem tyrosine-based motif and histidine-rich sequence) are responsible for this differential distribution. Reporter gene assay, subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy, deletion mutagenesis Biochimica et biophysica acta High 19056490
2009 The FGFRL1 ectodomain is shed from the cell membrane by an unidentified protease. The soluble ectodomain and membrane-bound receptor bind multiple FGF ligands (FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF8, FGF10, FGF22) with high affinity. Ectopic expression of FGFRL1 in Xenopus embryos antagonizes FGFR signaling, supporting a decoy receptor mechanism. Ligand dot blot, cell-based binding assay, surface plasmon resonance, Xenopus ectopic expression The Journal of biological chemistry High 19920134
2009 Fgfrl1-deficient mice fail to develop the metanephric kidney due to a dramatic reduction in ureteric branching morphogenesis and lack of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition; markers Wnt4, Fgf8, Pax8, and Lim1 are absent from the metanephric mesenchyme, and apoptosis is increased in the cortical zone. Targeted gene knockout, in situ hybridization, marker gene expression analysis, histology Developmental biology High 19715689
2009 Targeted deletion of mouse Fgfrl1 recapitulates multiple Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome phenotypes including craniofacial dysgenesis, skeletal anomalies, congenital heart defects, transient fetal anemia, and a fully penetrant diaphragm defect, establishing Fgfrl1 insufficiency as a contributor to WHS. Targeted gene knockout in mice, phenotypic analysis Disease models & mechanisms High 19383940
2009 The intracellular histidine-rich domain of human FGFRL1 binds zinc, with approximately 2.6 moles zinc per mole protein as measured by atomic absorption; the sea urchin ortholog with a shorter histidine-rich motif binds less zinc (~1.7 mol/mol), indicating evolutionary shaping of a novel zinc-binding domain. Recombinant protein production, nickel/zinc affinity chromatography, atomic absorption spectroscopy BMC biochemistry High 20021659
2010 FGFRL1 induces rapid fusion of cultured cells (CHO, HEK293, HeLa) into large multinucleated syncytia; the Ig3 domain and transmembrane domain are both necessary and sufficient for this fusogenic activity, as demonstrated by luciferase and GFP reporter assays for cytoplasmic mixing. Overexpression in CHO/HEK293/HeLa cells, luciferase/GFP reporter cytoplasmic mixing assays, domain deletion analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 20851884
2011 FGFRL1 binds with its C-terminal histidine-rich domain to Spred1 and other Sprouty/Spred family members (negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/Erk pathway); interaction is via the SPR domain of Spred1, verified by yeast two-hybrid, co-precipitation, and co-distribution at the plasma membrane. Spred1 increases FGFRL1 retention at the plasma membrane. Yeast two-hybrid, co-precipitation, co-localization in COS1 and HEK293 cells, truncation analysis Cellular signalling High 21616146
2013 In pancreatic beta-cells, FGFRL1 localizes both to the plasma membrane and intracellular insulin secretory granules. It induces ligand-independent ERK1/2 activation via interaction of its intracellular SH2-binding motif with SHP-1 phosphatase; deletion of the histidine-rich domain or full intracellular sequence reduces ERK1/2 activation and shifts localization to the plasma membrane. Overexpression increases cellular insulin content and matrix adhesion. Fluorescent protein tagging, live-cell imaging, co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion and point mutation analysis, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 23640895
2014 FgfrL1-deficient mice lack slow muscle fibers (marked by Myh7, Myl2, Myl3) in the diaphragm and other slow-fiber-rich muscles at E18.5, while fast fiber markers are unaffected; this phenotype is not caused by kidney agenesis, establishing a specific role of FgfrL1 in embryonic slow muscle fiber development. Gene array, qPCR, in situ hybridization, genetic epistasis (Wnt4 KO comparison) Developmental biology High 25172430
2014 Mice lacking the conserved intracellular domain motifs of FgfrL1 (dileucine, tandem tyrosine-based motif YXXΦ, histidine-rich sequence) replaced by GFP are viable, fertile, and phenotypically normal (with only a slight reduction in glomeruli), demonstrating that the extracellular domain, not the intracellular domain, conducts the essential functions of FgfrL1. Knock-in mouse model (FgfrL1ΔC-GFP), phenotypic analysis PloS one High 25126760
2015 Cell-cell fusion induced by FGFRL1 requires a hydrophobic site on the Ig3 domain located on a β-sheet within a β-barrel; single amino acid mutations at this site abolish fusion, and soluble Ig1-Ig2-Ig3 or monoclonal antibodies against Ig3 inhibit fusion. Mutational analysis, inhibition by soluble proteins and antibodies, computer modeling Biochimica et biophysica acta High 26025674
2016 FGFRL1 has no effect on cell proliferation or ERK1/2 activation in overexpression or siRNA knockdown experiments, but promotes cell adhesion during the initial hours after seeding, suggesting it functions as a cell adhesion protein similar to nectins rather than a signaling receptor. TetOn-inducible overexpression, siRNA knockdown, proliferation assay, Kinexus antibody microarray (250 signaling proteins), cell adhesion assay International journal of molecular medicine High 27220341
2018 FGFR5 (FGFRL1) forms ligand-independent homodimers (~25%) and homotrimers (~75%) at the plasma membrane, and co-expressed with FGFR1 forms heterocomplexes with a 2:1 FGFR5:FGFR1 ratio; upon FGF2 stimulation, these form 4:2 signaling complexes. FGFR5 acts as a co-receptor for FGFR1 and promotes beta-cell survival. Co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative live-cell imaging (molecular interaction measurements), siRNA knockdown, survival assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 30217817
2020 The Ig2 domain of FGFRL1 is the primary binding site for FGF8; all FGFRL1 constructs containing Ig2 interact with FGF8 with high affinity (KD ~2-3 nM by surface plasmon resonance), while constructs lacking Ig2 poorly interact, establishing FGFRL1 as a physiological high-affinity receptor for FGF8. Recombinant domain expression, ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) Biomolecules High 33019532
2020 FgfrL1 domain-specific knockout mice reveal that the Ig3 domain is essential for metanephric kidney formation (Ig3-deficient mice completely lack kidneys), the Ig2 domain contributes to kidney growth (Ig2-deficient mice have substantially smaller kidneys), and the intracellular domain and Ig1 domain are dispensable for kidney and diaphragm development. Domain-specific knockout mice, histological and phenotypic analysis Developmental biology High 31923383
2020 FGFRL1 interacts with ENO1 and regulates the ENO1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to modulate chemoresistance in small-cell lung cancer; knockdown of FGFRL1 increases chemosensitivity through increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, Western blotting, cell viability assay Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 31957179
2017 The fusogenic activity of FGFRL1 Ig3 domain evolved during vertebrate evolution; Ig3 domains from humans, mice, chicken, and fish fuse CHO cells while those from lancelet and sea urchin do not. Mutagenesis of four amino acids in a hydrophobic pocket of the non-fusogenic fish FGFRL1b Ig3 converts it to a fusogenic protein. Comparative Ig3 domain expression, cell fusion assay, chimeric constructs, in vitro mutagenesis Archives of biochemistry and biophysics High 28596102
2022 Overexpression of FGFR5 (FGFRL1) in beta-cells enhances glucose-stimulated NADPH metabolism and insulin secretion, and increases expression of glycolytic enzymes (GCK, PKM2) and maturity marker UCN3; this response is disrupted by a truncated receptor isoform (R5ΔC) that inhibits the FGFR5/FGFR1 signaling complex, and laminin-induced upregulation of endogenous FGFR5 similarly enhances glucose metabolism. Genetically encoded NADPH/NADP+ sensor (Apollo-NADP+), overexpression, dominant-negative truncation, insulin secretion assay, transcript analysis Scientific reports High 35414066

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 60 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 Identification of a new fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR5. Gene 214 11418238
2010 MicroRNA-210 regulates cancer cell proliferation through targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1). The Journal of biological chemistry 170 21044961
2000 Characterization of a novel protein (FGFRL1) from human cartilage related to FGF receptors. Genomics 127 11031111
2010 Biology of FGFRL1, the fifth fibroblast growth factor receptor. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 121 21080029
2020 Lung CSC-derived exosomal miR-210-3p contributes to a pro-metastatic phenotype in lung cancer by targeting FGFRL1. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 81 32396269
2003 Characterization of FGFRL1, a novel fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor preferentially expressed in skeletal tissues. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 12813049
2009 Multiple congenital malformations of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome are recapitulated in Fgfrl1 null mice. Disease models & mechanisms 66 19383940
2009 The FGFRL1 receptor is shed from cell membranes, binds fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and antagonizes FGF signaling in Xenopus embryos. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 19920134
2020 Long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation through sponging hsa-miR-107 to up-regulate FGFRL1. Bioscience reports 53 31919528
2009 The murine Fgfrl1 receptor is essential for the development of the metanephric kidney. Developmental biology 48 19715689
2007 Mice with a targeted disruption of the Fgfrl1 gene die at birth due to alterations in the diaphragm. The FEBS journal 48 17986259
2012 Role of FGFRL1 and other FGF signaling proteins in early kidney development. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 46 23112089
2006 An essential role for zebrafish Fgfrl1 during gill cartilage development. Mechanisms of development 45 17011755
2013 Fibroblast growth factor receptor like-1 (FGFRL1) interacts with SHP-1 phosphatase at insulin secretory granules and induces beta-cell ERK1/2 protein activation. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 23640895
2020 FGFRL1 affects chemoresistance of small-cell lung cancer by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway via ENO1. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 40 31957179
2007 The cell surface receptor FGFRL1 forms constitutive dimers that promote cell adhesion. Experimental cell research 39 18061161
2008 Characterization of the first FGFRL1 mutation identified in a craniosynostosis patient. Biochimica et biophysica acta 38 19056490
2006 Expression of FGFRL1, a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor, during embryonic development. International journal of molecular medicine 37 16525717
2017 Role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1) in mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 36 28923346
2018 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 5 (FGFR5) is a co-receptor for FGFR1 that is up-regulated in beta-cells by cytokine-induced inflammation. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 30217817
2001 The mouse Fgfrl1 gene coding for a novel FGF receptor-like protein. Biochimica et biophysica acta 30 11566361
2014 The FgfrL1 receptor is required for development of slow muscle fibers. Developmental biology 28 25172430
2023 Pancreatic cancer stem cell-derived exosomal miR-210 mediates macrophage M2 polarization and promotes gemcitabine resistance by targeting FGFRL1. International immunopharmacology 27 38134594
2010 Rapid fusion and syncytium formation of heterologous cells upon expression of the FGFRL1 receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 20851884
2005 Fish possess multiple copies of fgfrl1, the gene for a novel FGF receptor. Biochimica et biophysica acta 25 15652159
2018 miR-210 promotes human osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by targeting FGFRL1. Oncology letters 21 30008923
2009 FGFRL1 is a neglected putative actor of the FGF signalling pathway present in all major metazoan phyla. BMC evolutionary biology 21 19740411
2009 Examination of FGFRL1 as a candidate gene for diaphragmatic defects at chromosome 4p16.3 shows that Fgfrl1 null mice have reduced expression of Tpm3, sarcomere genes and Lrtm1 in the diaphragm. Human genetics 21 20024584
2016 Receptor FGFRL1 does not promote cell proliferation but induces cell adhesion. International journal of molecular medicine 18 27220341
2011 Interaction of the receptor FGFRL1 with the negative regulator Spred1. Cellular signalling 18 21616146
2005 Aberrant expression of FGFRL1, a novel FGF receptor, in ovarian tumors. International journal of molecular medicine 18 16273302
2018 FGFRL1 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression by Crosstalk with Hedgehog Signaling. Journal of immunology research 15 29675438
2014 Targeted disruption of the intracellular domain of receptor FgfrL1 in mice. PloS one 14 25126760
2009 Comparison of the receptor FGFRL1 from sea urchins and humans illustrates evolution of a zinc binding motif in the intracellular domain. BMC biochemistry 14 20021659
2013 An integrated genomic, transcriptional and protein investigation of FGFRL1 as a putative 4p16.3 deletion target in bladder cancer. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 13 23775577
2010 Genome-wide comparison of FGFRL1 with structurally related surface receptors. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 12 23136609
2006 Fgfrl1, a fibroblast growth factor receptor-like gene, is found in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae but not in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 12 16887372
2022 FGFRL1 and FGF genes are associated with height, hypertension, and osteoporosis. PloS one 11 35980984
2020 Dissecting the Interaction of FGF8 with Receptor FGFRL1. Biomolecules 11 33019532
2015 Cell-cell fusion induced by the Ig3 domain of receptor FGFRL1 in CHO cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 26025674
2020 Functional domains of the FgfrL1 receptor. Developmental biology 9 31923383
2010 Downregulation of FGFRL1 contributes to the development of the diaphragmatic defect in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie 9 20938900
2021 Evidence that FGFRL1 contributes to congenital diaphragmatic hernia development in humans. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 8 33443296
2017 Prenatal diagnosis of a 1.6-Mb 4p16.3 interstitial microdeletion encompassing FGFRL1 and TACC3 associated with bilateral cleft lip and palate of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome facial dysmorphism and short long bones. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology 8 29241927
2016 Receptor FGFRL1 acts as a tumor suppressor in nude mice when overexpressed in HEK 293 Tet-On cells. Oncology letters 8 28101211
2013 Evidence that the novel receptor FGFRL1 signals indirectly via FGFR1. International journal of molecular medicine 8 24026051
2023 Distinct effects of SDC3 and FGFRL1 on selective neurodegeneration in AD and PD. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 7 36629784
2022 Increased Expression and Altered Cellular Localization of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-Like 1 (FGFRL1) Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression. Cancers 7 35053442
2018 FGFRL1 deficiency reduces motility and tumorigenic potential of cells derived from oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Oncology letters 6 29963148
2017 Evolution of the fusogenic activity of the receptor FGFRL1. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 6 28596102
2014 Interstitial 287 kb deletion of 4p16.3 including FGFRL1 gene associated with language impairment and overgrowth. Molecular cytogenetics 6 25506393
2022 Laminin matrix regulates beta-cell FGFR5 expression to enhance glucose-stimulated metabolism. Scientific reports 5 35414066
2023 Downregulation of miR-210-3p Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Angiogenesis of Vascular Endothelial Cells via Targeting FGFRL1. Ophthalmic research 4 37062273
2022 HuR affects chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer by regulating FGFRL1 expression. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 4 36160905
2011 A net-like structure with pores is observed during cell fusion induced by the receptor FGFRL1. Communicative & integrative biology 4 21980560
2025 FGFRL1: Structure, Molecular Function, and Involvement in Human Disease. Current issues in molecular biology 3 40699684
2023 Aberrant Expression of FGFRL1 in Esophageal Cancer and Its Regulation by miR-107. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 2 37116156
2015 Phylogenetic analysis of receptor FgfrL1 shows divergence of the C-terminal end in rodents. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 2 25934085
2023 Suppression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-5 (FGFR5) has no Impact on Axon Regeneration after SCI. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences 1 37693980
2022 [Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor like 1 (FGFRL1) inhibits proliferation and migration of HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and promotes their apoptosis]. Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 1 35365991