Affinage

FGF12

Fibroblast growth factor 12 · UniProt P61328

Length
243 aa
Mass
27.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
50 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FGF12 (FHF1) is an intracellular FGF homologous factor whose canonical role is regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel gating through direct binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of cardiac and neuronal Nav channels, thereby tuning membrane excitability (PMID:24096171, PMID:27164707). In cardiomyocytes FGF12-B binds the NaV1.5 C-terminus to set Na+ current density and availability, and a Brugada-associated Q7R variant weakens this binding and reduces action potential amplitude (PMID:24096171). In neurons, gain-of-function mutations such as p.Arg52His shift Nav1.6 fast inactivation in a depolarizing direction by weakening the FHF1–channel tail interaction, increasing excitability (PMID:27164707); this variant causes fully penetrant epileptic encephalopathy in a CRISPR knock-in mouse and produces a depolarizing shift and slowed inactivation of cardiac Nav channels, linking seizures to arrhythmia/SUDEP (PMID:33982289). FGF12 variants exert channel- and isoform-specific effects, producing mixed gain- and loss-of-function changes on NaV1.2 versus NaV1.6 fast and slow inactivation (PMID:36029553), and an FHF1A-derived cell-penetrating peptide selectively suppresses pathological late Na+ current in heart failure (PMID:42186805). Beyond channel regulation, FGF12 acts as a multifunctional intracellular scaffold: it localizes to the nucleolus where its phosphorylated C-terminal region is required to bridge NOLC1 and TCOF1 into a ribosome-biogenesis complex (PMID:36411431), binds calmodulin to suppress a CaMKII/ERK/CREB1/MCU axis and directly represses CREB1 transcription to limit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (PMID:41979475), stabilizes MDM2 by blocking β-Trcp-mediated ubiquitination to suppress p53 in keratinocytes (PMID:39234815), and engages YB1 to stabilize the oncogenic lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 (PMID:41294881). FGF12 also signals through FGFRs—binding all four receptors and activating FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 to inhibit cardiomyocyte ferroptosis (PMID:32357892, PMID:38349269)—and the long 'a' isoform is unconventionally secreted via an ATP1A1-, Tec kinase-, and phospholipid-dependent pathway that is blocked by cytosolic galectin-1 (PMID:39158730, PMID:38468333). At the organ level, FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis through macrophage JAK-STAT and MCP-1/CCR2 signaling (PMID:35753047) and drives aortic aneurysm pathology by amplifying AngII/AT1R mechanosignaling in smooth muscle (PMID:41540272).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2008 Medium

    Established that FGF12 acts intracellularly to control cell survival, addressing whether FHFs have functions beyond channel binding by placing FGF12 in the MEK/ERK anti-apoptotic axis.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown in HMC-1 mast cells with MEK/ERK inhibition and apoptosis assays; immunolocalization in TrkA+/CGRP+ DRG nociceptors

    PMID:18220257 PMID:18525161

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking FGF12 to MEK/ERK not defined
    • Functional role of FGF12 in the specific DRG subpopulation not tested
  2. 2011 High

    Defined how exogenous FGF12 reaches the cytoplasm, identifying CPP-M and a subfamily-unique CPP-C domain that mediate cell penetration and an anti-apoptotic, radioprotective function.

    Evidence Recombinant protein internalization in IEC6 cells, CPP-C mutagenesis (E142L), chimeric FGF1/CPP-C constructs, and in vivo radiation apoptosis in mice

    PMID:21518765

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous source of extracellular FGF12 not established here
    • Intracellular target mediating anti-apoptotic effect not identified
  3. 2013 High

    Connected FGF12 to cardiac sodium channel function and human disease by showing FGF12-B binds the NaV1.5 C-terminus and a Brugada variant impairs this to reduce Na+ current.

    Evidence Co-IP/pulldown of NaV1.5 C-terminus, FHF-swap voltage-clamp and action potential recordings in adult rat cardiomyocytes

    PMID:24096171

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the FGF12-B/NaV1.5 interface not resolved
    • Effect on other cardiac channels limited to negative Ca2+ channel result
  4. 2016 High

    Showed FGF12 gain-of-function causes epilepsy, demonstrating that a p.Arg52His variant weakens channel-tail binding to shift Nav1.6 inactivation and increase excitability in vivo.

    Evidence Whole-cell patch-clamp in Neuro2A cells plus transgenic mutant FHF1B overexpression in zebrafish larvae

    PMID:27164707

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not yet establish mammalian in vivo disease model
    • Quantitative binding affinity change not measured
  5. 2020 Medium

    Extended FGF12 function to extracellular FGFR signaling and to BMP/p38-MEF2a control of vascular smooth muscle quiescence, distinguishing it from mitogenic canonical FGFs.

    Evidence Direct FGFR1–4 binding and phosphorylation assays with apoptosis readouts; PASMC knockdown/overexpression with BMP treatment and a smooth-muscle FGF12 transgenic PAH mouse

    PMID:32357892 PMID:33100045

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of FGFR binding given intracellular localization unclear
    • How FGF12 couples to p38MAPK not defined
  6. 2021 High

    Provided definitive mammalian causation, showing the R52H knock-in produces fully penetrant epileptic encephalopathy with concordant gain-of-function on cardiac Nav channels linking seizures to arrhythmia.

    Evidence CRISPR knock-in mouse with EEG/ECG monitoring and voltage-clamp in FHF-deficient cardiomyocytes expressing WT or mutant FHF1B

    PMID:33982289

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type contributions to SUDEP not dissected
    • Therapeutic reversibility not tested
  7. 2022 Medium

    Revealed a non-channel nucleolar role by showing FGF12 is required to assemble a NOLC1/TCOF1 ribosome-biogenesis complex, and refined channel pharmacology with variant- and isoform-specific gating effects.

    Evidence Co-IP, proximity ligation, fractionation and deletion/phosphorylation mutants for NOLC1/TCOF1; co-expression patch-clamp of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 variants in ND7/23 cells

    PMID:36029553 PMID:36411431

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of FGF12 on rRNA processing not measured
    • Kinase responsible for the required FGF12 phosphorylation unknown
  8. 2023 Medium

    Implicated FGF12 in organ fibrosis, showing macrophage FGF12 drives proinflammatory polarization and hepatic stellate cell activation through JAK-STAT and the MCP-1/CCR2 axis.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific FGF12 knockout in BDL and CCl4 fibrosis models with macrophage loss/gain-of-function and pathway inhibitor studies

    PMID:35753047

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between FGF12 and JAK-STAT activation not defined
    • Whether nuclear or channel functions are involved unknown
  9. 2024 Medium

    Mapped multiple distinct intracellular mechanisms and the secretion route: MDM2 stabilization/p53 suppression, FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 anti-ferroptosis protection, isoform-selective unconventional secretion, and galectin-1 control of secretion and nucleolar complex assembly.

    Evidence Co-IP/ubiquitination assays and keratinocyte-specific KO psoriasis model (MDM2); FGFR1-silencing rescue in DOX cardiomyocytes (ferroptosis); isoform secretion assays with ATP1A1/Tec/lipid mapping; galectin-1 Co-IP and secretion/assembly assays

    PMID:38349269 PMID:38468333 PMID:39158730 PMID:39234815

    Open questions at the time
    • How a single protein partitions among these mechanisms in a given cell unclear
    • Role of liquid-liquid phase separation in secretion not demonstrated functionally
  10. 2026 Medium

    Consolidated cardiac and vascular roles, showing calmodulin/CREB1 dual regulation limiting hypertrophy, AngII/AT1R mechanosignaling driving aortic aneurysm, and a FHF1A-derived peptide that selectively blocks pathological late Na+ current.

    Evidence Co-IP, CUT&TAG, iPSC-cardiomyocyte CRISPR and AAV9 HCM mouse models (calmodulin/CREB1); Fgf12+/- and Fbn1;Fgf12 compound mice with RhoA/FAK assays (aneurysm); RT-qPCR and patch-clamp across human/rabbit/mouse HF with in vivo FixR peptide delivery

    PMID:41540272 PMID:41979475 PMID:42186805

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of FGF12 loss being protective in some tissues but pathogenic in others not resolved
    • Direct structural validation of calmodulin binding beyond computational prediction lacking

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown how FGF12's many context-specific activities—channel gating, nucleolar scaffolding, transcriptional repression, ubiquitin pathway control, and secretion—are coordinated and partitioned within a single cell type.
  • No unifying model integrating cytoplasmic, nucleolar, nuclear, and secreted pools
  • Isoform-specific localization and function not systematically compared across tissues

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005730 nucleolus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-397014 Muscle contraction 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2
Partners
CALM1MDM2NOLC1SCN2ASCN5ASCN8ATCOF1YBX1
Complex memberships
NOLC1/TCOF1 ribosome biogenesis complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2013 FGF12-B (the major FHF expressed in human ventricle) binds the NaV1.5 C-terminus; the BrS-associated missense mutation Q7R-FGF12 reduces this binding and decreases Na+ channel current density and availability in adult rat cardiomyocytes, reducing action potential amplitude without affecting Ca2+ channel function. Biochemical binding assays (Co-IP/pulldown of NaV1.5 C-terminus), whole-cell voltage-clamp in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes expressing wild-type or mutant FGF12-B via FHF-swap system, action potential recordings Heart rhythm High 24096171
2016 A gain-of-function de novo missense mutation in FHF1/FGF12 (p.Arg52His) enhances depolarizing shifts in Nav1.6 voltage-dependent fast inactivation in Neuro2A cells, predicting increased neuronal excitability; this gain-of-function effect arises from weaker interaction of mutant FHF1 with the Nav cytoplasmic tail. Transgenic overexpression of mutant FHF1B in zebrafish larvae enhanced epileptiform discharges. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in transfected Neuro2A cells, in vivo zebrafish epilepsy model with transgenic overexpression Neurology High 27164707
2011 FGF12 is internalized into intestinal epithelial cell cytoplasm through two cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) domains: CPP-M (internal, common to FGF family) and CPP-C (~10 aa, C-terminal residues 140–149, unique to FGF12 subfamily). Mutation E142L in CPP-C drastically reduces internalization. Internalized exogenous FGF12 inhibits radiation-induced apoptosis in vivo (BALB/c mice), and deletion of CPP-C reduces this anti-apoptotic effect. Recombinant protein internalization assay in IEC6 cells, site-directed mutagenesis of CPP-C domain, chimeric FGF1/CPP-C protein internalization, in vivo intraperitoneal injection in BALB/c mice with apoptosis quantification The Journal of biological chemistry High 21518765
2008 Intracellular FGF12 suppresses radiation-induced apoptosis in mast cells (HMC-1) via the MEK/ERK pathway; overexpression of FGF12 blocked the augmentation of apoptosis caused by MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. This anti-apoptotic effect was independent of the MAPK scaffold protein IB2 (which binds FGF12 but did not interfere with the anti-apoptotic effect). Overexpression and siRNA knockdown of FGF12 in HMC-1 cells, pharmacological inhibition of MEK/ERK with PD98059, apoptosis assay Journal of radiation research Medium 18525161
2020 FGF12 directly interacts with all four major FGFRs (FGFR1–4), causing efficient FGFR activation and initiation of receptor-dependent signaling cascades. Extracellular FHF1/FGF12 protects cells from apoptosis but is unable to stimulate cell division, distinguishing it biologically from canonical FGFs. Direct binding assays (pulldown/Co-IP), FGFR phosphorylation assays, cell viability and apoptosis assays Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 32357892
2020 FGF12 is required for BMP-mediated acquisition of quiescent/differentiated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotype. Mechanistically, FGF12 induces MEF2a phosphorylation via p38MAPK signaling, modulating MEF2a target gene expression involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo, smooth muscle-specific FGF12 transgenic mice were protected from chronic hypoxia-induced PAH with increased MEF2a phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown and adenoviral overexpression in human PASMCs, BMP treatment, p38MAPK pathway analysis, transgenic mouse PAH model with MEF2a phosphorylation assay Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Medium 33100045
2022 FGF12 is localized to the nucleolus where it interacts with NOLC1 and TCOF1 (ribosome biogenesis proteins). NOLC1 and TCOF1 cannot interact with each other in the absence of FGF12, indicating FGF12 is required for assembly of this complex. The FGF12–NOLC1/TCOF1 interaction is phosphorylation-dependent and requires the C-terminal region of FGF12. Interactions with NOLC1 are unique to FGF12 among FHF proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, subcellular fractionation/immunofluorescence localization, deletion/phosphorylation mutant analysis Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 36411431
2021 The FHF1/FGF12 p.Arg52His mutation in mice (introduced by CRISPR) causes epileptic encephalopathy with full penetrance. In FHF-deficient cardiomyocytes expressing FHF1BR52H, a 15-mV depolarizing shift in voltage of steady-state sodium channel inactivation and slowed inactivation rate were observed, confirming gain-of-function on cardiac Nav channels. Epileptic SUDEP was associated with bradycardia suggesting a parasympathetic surge. CRISPR knock-in mouse model, cortical EEG/video monitoring, ECG, voltage-clamp recordings in FHF-deficient cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviruses expressing WT or mutant FHF1B Epilepsia High 33982289
2022 FGF12 variants differentially regulate NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 sodium channels, producing complex kinetic changes including both gain- and loss-of-function effects on fast and slow inactivation. Co-expression of wildtype and mutant FGF12 with NaV1.2 or NaV1.6 (plus SCN1B/SCN2B subunits) in ND7/23 neuronal-like cells, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology EBioMedicine Medium 36029553
2023 FGF12 in hepatic macrophages promotes liver fibrosis by activating macrophage proinflammatory polarization (increasing Ly6C-high macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines). FGF12 induces hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation mainly through the MCP-1/CCR2 axis. Regulation of macrophage activation by FGF12 is mediated through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Myeloid-specific FGF12 knockout mice (BDL- and CCl4-induced fibrosis models), loss-of-function and gain-of-function in macrophages, flow cytometry, cytokine/chemokine analysis, pathway inhibitor studies Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Medium 35753047
2024 The long 'a' isoform of FGF12 is secreted via an unconventional pathway involving the A1 subunit of Na+/K+ ATPase (ATP1A1), Tec kinase, and lipids (phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine). The short 'b' isoform binds ATP1A1 and phosphatidylserine less efficiently and is not secreted. The N-terminal fragment and specific residues of FGF12a are crucial for secretion, and liquid-liquid phase separation may be important. Isoform-specific secretion assays, co-immunoprecipitation with ATP1A1, lipid-binding assays, siRNA knockdown of ATP1A1/Tec kinase, domain deletion/mutation analysis Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 39158730
2024 Galectin-1 directly interacts with FGF12 in the cytosol and nucleus. Cytosolic galectin-1 binding to FGF12 blocks FGF12 secretion. Intracellular galectin-1 also affects assembly of FGF12-containing nucleolar ribosome biogenesis complexes (NOLC1/TCOF1). Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, secretion assay with galectin-1 overexpression/knockdown, subcellular localization by immunofluorescence Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 38468333
2024 FGF12 selectively binds the RING domain of MDM2, partially inhibiting β-Trcp binding to MDM2 and thereby blocking β-Trcp-mediated K48 ubiquitination and degradation of MDM2. This stabilizes MDM2 and suppresses p53 signaling pathway activity, leading to excessive keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, keratinocyte-specific FGF12 KO in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, RNA-seq, p53 rescue experiments Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) Medium 39234815
2024 FGF12 overexpression in doxorubicin-injured cardiomyocytes activates FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 signaling and inhibits ferroptosis (reduced iron deposition, decreased ACSL4/PTGS2, increased GPX4/FTH1). Silencing FGFR1 reversed the protective effects of FGF12, confirming the pathway dependence. FGF12 overexpression in HL-1 cells and in vivo DOX-injured mouse model, FGFR1 siRNA knockdown, ferroptosis markers (Prussian blue, western blot), oxidative stress assays Drug development research Medium 38349269
2026 FGF12 expression in aortic SMCs is induced by TGF-β/SMAD signaling and by cyclic mechanical stretch. FGF12 upregulates AngII and AT1R expression, activating the AngII/AT1R pathway, which promotes aberrant mechanosignaling (increased RhoA-GTP, stress fiber formation, focal adhesion assembly, FAK phosphorylation) and increased aortic SMC stiffness. In vivo, Fgf12 haploinsufficiency ameliorated TAA formation in MFS mice with reduced AT1R signaling. TGF-β/SMAD pathway stimulation, cyclic stretch experiments, RhoA activation assay, focal adhesion imaging, Fgf12+/- mouse TAA model, Fbn1C1039G/+;Fgf12+/- compound mutant mice Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 41540272
2026 FGF12 (outside the nucleus) binds calmodulin and inhibits its phosphorylation, suppressing downstream CaMKII, ERK1/2, CREB1, and MCU phosphorylation/expression and reducing mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS. Nuclear-localized FGF12 binds the CREB1 promoter region (by CUT&TAG sequencing) and directly inhibits CREB1 expression. Both actions maintain cardiomyocyte function and mitochondrial homeostasis and reduce hypertrophy. AlphaFold3 structural prediction, Co-IP (FGF12-calmodulin binding), CUT&TAG sequencing (FGF12 promoter binding of CREB1), CRISPR-Cas9 in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, AAV9 delivery in HCM mouse models (MYH7R403Q/+, MYBPC3 mutant, TAC), mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS measurements Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine Medium 41979475
2026 FHF1A (FGF12 long isoform) expression is reduced in failing human, rabbit, and murine hearts. A cell-penetrating peptide FixR derived from FHF1A selectively inhibits late Na+ current (INa,L) in heart failure cardiomyocytes without affecting peak Na+ current, L-type Ca2+ current, or major K+ currents, and reduces proarrhythmic action potential changes and delayed afterdepolarizations. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR for FHF splice isoforms in human HF and animal models, whole-cell patch-clamp for INa,L and other currents in rabbit and murine HF cardiomyocytes, in vivo adenoviral delivery of FixR in transgenic CaMKIIδC mice with ECG/arrhythmia monitoring Circulation research Medium 42186805
2025 FGF12 interacts with the RNA-binding protein YB1 (identified by affinity purification-mass spectrometry and confirmed by co-IP), leading to stabilization of oncogenic long noncoding RNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1. RNA silencing of YB1 abrogated FGF12-mediated upregulation of these transcripts. This FGF12-YB1-lncRNA axis promotes cancer cell survival against chemotherapy. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry, Co-IP, RNA sequencing, YB1 siRNA knockdown, cell viability assays with etoposide/camptothecin Cells Medium 41294881
2008 FHF1/FGF12 is expressed in a specific subpopulation of TrkA+/CGRP-positive nociceptive neurons in adult mouse DRG. FHF1 does not colocalize with Nav1.9 in cRet+/IB4+ neurons, providing negative evidence against a modulatory role on Nav1.9 in that subclass. Immunofluorescence co-labeling of FHF1 with neurotrophin receptors (TrkA, c-Ret), CGRP, NF-200, peripherin, and Nav1.9 in mouse DRG sections; developmental and post-axotomy expression analysis The Journal of comparative neurology Medium 18220257

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 50 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1997 Murine FGF-12 and FGF-13: expression in embryonic nervous system, connective tissue and heart. Mechanisms of development 109 9232594
2013 FGF12 is a candidate Brugada syndrome locus. Heart rhythm 82 24096171
2016 Gain-of-function FHF1 mutation causes early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with cerebellar atrophy. Neurology 68 27164707
2011 Fibroblast growth factor-12 (FGF12) translocation into intestinal epithelial cells is dependent on a novel cell-penetrating peptide domain: involvement of internalization in the in vivo role of exogenous FGF12. The Journal of biological chemistry 61 21518765
2023 Macrophage-specific FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis progression in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 56 35753047
2020 FGF12 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 12) Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 44 33100045
1999 Expression of chicken fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF)-1 and of differentially spliced isoforms of FHF-2 during development and involvement of FHF-2 in chicken limb development. Development (Cambridge, England) 42 9847253
1997 Chromosomal mapping of two novel human FGF genes, FGF11 and FGF12. Genomics 35 9070933
2016 FHF1 (FGF12) epileptic encephalopathy. Neurology. Genetics 33 27830185
2020 FHF1 is a bona fide fibroblast growth factor that activates cellular signaling in FGFR-dependent manner. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 31 32357892
2016 De novo FGF12 mutation in 2 patients with neonatal-onset epilepsy. Neurology. Genetics 28 27872899
2021 Early onset epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy with cardiac arrhythmia in mice carrying the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 47 gain-of-function FHF1(FGF12) missense mutation. Epilepsia 26 33982289
2022 Modulating effects of FGF12 variants on NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 being associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and Autism spectrum disorder: A case series. EBioMedicine 24 36029553
2013 Polymorphisms in FGF12, VCL, CX43 and VAX1 in Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. BMC medical genetics 24 23679094
2022 FGF12 is a novel component of the nucleolar NOLC1/TCOF1 ribosome biogenesis complex. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 21 36411431
2017 De Novo FGF12 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 12) Functional Variation Is Potentially Associated With Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia. Journal of the American Heart Association 21 28775062
2014 Development of a chemically defined medium and discovery of new mitogenic growth factors for mouse hepatocytes: mitogenic effects of FGF1/2 and PDGF. PloS one 21 24743506
2008 Involvement of intracellular expression of FGF12 in radiation-induced apoptosis in mast cells. Journal of radiation research 21 18525161
2018 Two Japanese cases of epileptic encephalopathy associated with an FGF12 mutation. Brain & development 19 29699863
2020 Defining the phenotype of FHF1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia 18 32645220
2022 Hair Growth Regulation by Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 (FGF12). International journal of molecular sciences 17 36012732
2023 Biallelic structural variations within FGF12 detected by long-read sequencing in epilepsy. Life science alliance 15 37286232
2017 Heterogeneity of FHF1 related phenotype: Novel case with early onset severe attacks of apnea, partial mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency, neonatal onset seizures without neurodegeneration. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 14 28506426
2023 FGF12: biology and function. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 13 38042708
2020 Epilepsy phenotype in individuals with chromosomal duplication encompassing FGF12. Epilepsia open 12 32524056
2015 Exome sequencing identified FGF12 as a novel candidate gene for Kashin-Beck disease. Functional & integrative genomics 11 26290467
2008 Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1 (FHF1) is expressed in a subpopulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nociceptive neurons in the murine dorsal root ganglia. The Journal of comparative neurology 11 18220257
2020 Downregulation of lncRNA FGF12-AS2 suppresses the tumorigenesis of NSCLC via sponging miR-188-3p. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 10 33344773
2023 Grape seed-derived procyanidin inhibits glyphosate-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis via enhancing crosstalk between Nrf2 and FGF12. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 8 38103315
2024 FGF12 restrains mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocytes through the activation of FGFR1/AMPK/NRF2 signaling. Drug development research 7 38349269
2022 MiR-107 Aggravates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation (OGD/R)-Induced Injury Through Inactivating PI3K-AKT Signalling Pathway by Targeting FGF9/FGF12 in PC12 Cells. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 7 35093630
2021 Effective treatments for FGF12-related early-onset epileptic encephalopathies patients. Brain & development 7 34020858
2024 Uncovering key steps in FGF12 cellular release reveals a common mechanism for unconventional FGF protein secretion. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 6 39158730
2024 FGF12 Positively Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation by Stabilizing MDM2 and Inhibiting p53 Activity in Psoriasis. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 6 39234815
2024 The intracellular interplay between galectin-1 and FGF12 in the assembly of ribosome biogenesis complex. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 4 38468333
2025 Broadening the phenotype associated with pathogenic variants in the FGF12 gene: From developmental and epileptic encephalopathy to drug-responsive epilepsy with favorable cognitive outcome. Epilepsia 3 40488543
2025 Long-read sequencing of recurrent FGF12 duplications in epilepsy: Insights into structural mechanisms and aberrant isoforms. Epilepsia 3 40838839
2025 FGF12 Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Survival via the YB1-lncRNA Axis. Cells 2 41294881
2024 FGF12 copy number variant associated with epileptic encephalopathy. Clinical genetics 1 38715525
2024 Phenotyping of FGF12AV52H mutation in mouse implies a complex FGF12 network. Neurobiology of disease 1 39142611
2020 Tumorous congenital calcinosis cutis associated with early childhood epileptic encephalopathy with a pathogenic FGF12 gene variant. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico 1 33186347
2026 FGF12 induces aberrant mechanosignaling in aortic smooth muscle cells during thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome mice. Experimental & molecular medicine 0 41540272
2026 FGF12 Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Phosphorylation of CaM/CaMKII/CREB1 Axis. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 0 41979475
2026 FGF12-Related Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathies: Therapeutic Response to Sodium Channel Blockers. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 0 42057324
2026 Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of FGF12-epilepsy-does prompt precision therapy affect outcomes? NPJ genomic medicine 0 42185328
2026 Targeting Arrhythmogenic Late Sodium Current by FHF1A-Derivative FixR in Heart Failure Cardiomyocytes. Circulation research 0 42186805
2025 Yak FGF12 promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts and longissimus lumborum development. Experimental cell research 0 40780388
2025 APC loss promotes endometrial cancer progression by upregulating FGF12 expression: An integrated multi-omics analysis. Chinese medical journal 0 41449082
2023 Generation of a human iPSC line (ZJSHDPi001-A) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with Developmental epileptic encephalopathy-47 carrying FGF12 gene mutation (c.334G > A). Stem cell research 0 37331110
2017 Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis suggest that the soluble forms of FGF1-2 and FGFR1-2 sustain tail regeneration in the lizard. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 0 28823877

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