Affinage

FCN2

Ficolin-2 · UniProt Q15485

Length
313 aa
Mass
34.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
82 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Ficolin-2 (FCN2) is a liver-derived, oligomeric serum pattern-recognition molecule of the lectin complement pathway that opsonizes pathogens and dying cells and links innate recognition to inflammatory and adaptive responses (PMID:16595153, PMID:16730064, PMID:24683196). It assembles from ~34 kDa polypeptides into disulfide-bridged oligomers, predominantly a stable 12-mer, and engages MASP to trigger complement activation (PMID:16595153, PMID:17386030). Ligand recognition is mediated by a defined S3 binding site in the C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain (Arg132, Asp133, Thr136, Lys221), a single site that accommodates N-acetyl groups, sulfate and phosphate groups, DNA, and heparin in competition with one another, with Arg132 essential for binding (PMID:25447524). Through this domain ficolin-2 recognizes a broad ligand spectrum: GlcNAc (PMID:15879437), exposed DNA on late-apoptotic and necrotic cells driving C4 deposition and macrophage phagocytosis (PMID:16730064), O-acetylated S. pneumoniae serotype 11A capsule in a strictly wcjE-dependent manner enabling C1q-independent complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing (PMID:24683196, PMID:35418983), surface glycolipids of M. tuberculosis (PMID:24040095), cholesterol crystals deposited in atherosclerotic plaques (PMID:27183610), and viral envelope glycoproteins of HCV, HIV-1 gp120, and other viruses to block viral entry (PMID:24928988, PMID:27576476, PMID:30747617). Functional cooperativity extends its recognition repertoire: ficolin-2 binds pentraxin 3 (PTX3) to mutually enhance binding to A. fumigatus and complement deposition, and forms ficolin-2/ficolin-3 heterocomplexes that assemble co-translationally during biosynthesis (PMID:19632990, PMID:32094208). Beyond complement, ficolin-2 signals through TLR4 on macrophages and dendritic cells to drive M1 polarization, enhance antigen presentation, and promote CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, and activates ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling in smooth muscle cells to promote a pro-inflammatory phenotype (PMID:28844702, PMID:37940674). Functional polymorphisms in the fibrinogen-like domain (T236M, A258S) alter ligand-binding capacity while promoter variants set serum concentration (PMID:15879437, PMID:19632990).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1995 Medium

    The protein was first isolated and shown to be a plasma molecule with collagenous and non-collagenous domains capable of direct ligand binding, establishing it as an oligomeric serum protein.

    Evidence Affinity chromatography on alpha-elastin-Sepharose, partial sequencing, and immunoblot with specific antiserum

    PMID:8586615

    Open questions at the time
    • The physiological relevance of elastin binding was not established
    • No complement or immune function defined at this stage
  2. 2005 High

    Genetic dissection showed that fibrinogen-domain coding variants (T236M, A258S) directly tune GlcNAc-binding capacity while promoter variants set serum levels, linking genotype to molecular function.

    Evidence Gene sequencing with GlcNAc-binding assays and ELISA quantification of serum concentration

    PMID:15879437

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve structural basis of altered binding
    • Did not connect variants to clinical outcomes mechanistically
  3. 2006 High

    Reconstitution defined the oligomeric architecture and showed ficolin-2 binds MASP and activates complement, establishing its identity as a lectin-pathway recognition molecule.

    Evidence Recombinant CHO expression with gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, mass spectrometry, and SPR

    PMID:16595153

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the active MASP complex not fully defined
    • Functional significance of the unstable 24-mer unclear
  4. 2006 High

    Ficolin-2 was shown to recognize late-apoptotic and necrotic cells via calcium-dependent DNA binding, driving complement deposition and phagocytosis, extending its role to clearance of dying cells.

    Evidence Cell-binding and DNA-binding assays with calcium chelation, C4 deposition, and macrophage uptake assays in deficient serum

    PMID:16730064

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance to apoptotic clearance not tested
    • Receptor mediating phagocytic enhancement not identified
  5. 2009 High

    Discovery of cooperative recognition: ficolin-2 binds PTX3 and the two molecules mutually enhance binding to A. fumigatus and complement deposition, revealing synergy with another humoral pattern-recognition molecule.

    Evidence Affinity isolation on immobilized PTX3, reciprocal binding studies, complement deposition on A. fumigatus, and T236M variant comparison

    PMID:19632990

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural interface of the ficolin-2/PTX3 complex not mapped
    • In vivo antifungal protection not demonstrated
  6. 2013 High

    Ficolin-2 was shown to bind M. tuberculosis glycolipids and protect in vivo, linking recognition to opsonophagocytosis, JNK signaling, and cytokine secretion by macrophages.

    Evidence In vitro binding and infection-blocking assays, opsonophagocytosis, JNK phosphorylation, cytokine measurement, and ficolin-A knockout mice

    PMID:24040095

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycolipid ligand not chemically defined
    • Receptor coupling JNK activation to ficolin-2 binding unclear
  7. 2014 High

    Ficolin-2 was established as an antiviral factor binding HCV E1/E2 glycoproteins via its fibrinogen domain to block viral attachment, with ApoE3 mediating viral immune escape.

    Evidence Viral entry inhibition, direct E1/E2 binding, receptor-blocking assays, truncation domain mapping, and ApoE isoform competition

    PMID:24928988

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether complement is required for antiviral effect not resolved
    • In vivo antiviral protection not tested
  8. 2014 High

    Crystallography defined the S3 binding site (Arg132, Asp133, Thr136, Lys221) as a single multi-specific pocket accommodating acetyl, sulfate, phosphate, DNA, and heparin in competition, providing the structural basis for ficolin-2's broad ligand recognition.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the fibrinogen-like domain with ligands, site-directed mutagenesis, and competitive binding

    PMID:25447524

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not explain selectivity among competing ligands in physiological mixtures
    • Avidity contribution of oligomerization not addressed
  9. 2014 High

    Recognition of O-acetylated pneumococcal capsule (serotype 11A) was shown to be wcjE-dependent and to drive C1q-independent complement deposition and phagocytic killing, defining a precise bacterial ligand determinant.

    Evidence Binding, complement deposition, and opsonophagocytosis assays with recombinant ficolin-2 and binding inhibition

    PMID:24683196

    Open questions at the time
    • Other O-acetylated capsule serotypes not surveyed
    • Quantitative threshold of acetylation for binding not established at this stage
  10. 2015 Medium

    Ficolin-2 was found to bind nonpathogenic bacteria and selected E. coli serotypes and activate the lectin pathway, while sparing pathogenic Leptospira, indicating ligand-specific discrimination among microbes.

    Evidence Recombinant ficolin-2 binding assays and lectin pathway complement activation with C1q-depleted serum

    PMID:26074063

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular ligands on bound bacteria not identified
    • Single-lab study without in vivo validation
  11. 2015 Medium

    A randomized clinical comparison showed ficolin-2 is selectively depleted by heparin-coated bypass circuits, demonstrating that heparin-like surfaces sequester ficolin-2 in vivo consistent with its S3-site heparin binding.

    Evidence Randomized circuit-coating comparison with ELISA of ficolin-1/-2/-3 and MBL across time-points

    PMID:25174443

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of depletion for patients not determined
    • Mechanism of selective depletion vs other ficolins not molecularly confirmed
  12. 2016 High

    Ficolin-2 was shown to bind cholesterol crystals and HIV-1 gp120, extending its recognition to sterile crystalline danger signals and additional viral envelopes with complement activation and entry inhibition.

    Evidence Binding assays with recombinant ficolins, complement deposition, plaque immunohistochemistry, gp120 binding, viral entry inhibition, and CDC assays

    PMID:27183610 PMID:27576476

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal role in atherosclerosis progression not established
    • In vivo antiviral efficacy against HIV not tested
  13. 2016 Medium

    FCN2 overexpression was shown to suppress HCC migration, invasion, and EMT through a FCN2/TGF-β/EMT axis, implicating ficolin-2 in tumor metastasis control beyond innate immunity.

    Evidence Ectopic FCN2 expression with migration/invasion assays, EMT markers, xenografts, and TGF-β pathway analysis

    PMID:27177473

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target linking FCN2 to TGF-β not identified
    • Single-lab study
  14. 2017 Medium

    Ficolin-2 was shown to signal through TLR4 to drive macrophage M1 polarization, enhance antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, and restrain tumor growth in vivo, connecting it to adaptive immunity.

    Evidence TLR4 binding, macrophage activation and polarization assays, CD8+ T cell proliferation/cytotoxicity, and ficolin-A knockout tumor models

    PMID:28844702

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ficolin-2/TLR4 binding interface not mapped
    • Single-lab study; downstream TLR4 signaling not fully dissected
  15. 2019 Medium

    Hepatocyte-expressed ficolin-2 was shown to confer broad antiviral resistance (HCV, ebolavirus, VSV) but enhance rabies susceptibility, indicating virus-specific outcomes of ficolin-2 expression.

    Evidence Stable FCN2 expression in ficolin-2-deficient HuH7.5 cells with multi-virus infection assays

    PMID:30747617

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of rabies enhancement not explained
    • Roles of secreted vs cell-associated ficolin-2 not separated
  16. 2020 High

    Ficolin-2/ficolin-3 heterocomplexes were shown to exist in serum and to require co-expression rather than mixing, establishing that they assemble co-translationally during biosynthesis.

    Evidence ELISA with specific antibodies, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and CHO co-expression vs recombinant mixing controls

    PMID:32094208

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of heterocomplex formation for complement activity unknown
    • Stoichiometry and structure of heterocomplexes not resolved
  17. 2023 Medium

    Ficolin-2 was shown to drive a pro-inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype in macrophage-SMC cross-talk via MCP-1, IL-6, TLR4 upregulation and ERK/MAPK and NF-κB activation, with plaque co-localization, linking ficolin-2 to vascular inflammation.

    Evidence SMC-macrophage co-culture with cytokine/protease arrays, qPCR, Western blot, transmigration assays, and plaque immunofluorescence

    PMID:37940674

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor coupling ficolin-2 to ERK/NF-κB in SMCs not definitively identified
    • Causal role in human atherogenesis not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ficolin-2's single multi-specific S3 site, oligomeric avidity, MASP coupling, and TLR4 signaling are coordinated to achieve ligand-selective and context-dependent outcomes in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No unified structural model linking S3 ligand selectivity to oligomer geometry
  • Receptor(s) mediating ficolin-2 signaling in SMCs not defined
  • Functional role of ficolin-2/ficolin-3 heterocomplexes in complement activation unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
FCN3MASPPTX3TLR4
Complex memberships
ficolin-2/MASP complexficolin-2/PTX3 complexficolin-2/ficolin-3 heterocomplex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 FCN2/EBP-37 was identified as an elastin-binding protein in human plasma with collagenous and non-collagenous domains, showing direct binding to alpha-elastin confirmed by nitrocellulose-binding assay with specific antiserum. It exists as oligomers and multimers crosslinked by disulfide bonds. Affinity chromatography on alpha-elastin-Sepharose, partial amino acid sequencing, immunoblot with specific antiserum, homology analysis Journal of biochemistry Medium 8586615
2005 FCN2 polymorphisms in the fibrinogen-like domain (exon 8) cause amino acid exchanges (Thr236Met, Ala258Ser) that respectively decrease and increase GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) binding capacity of ficolin-2, while promoter polymorphisms regulate serum concentration. Gene sequencing, GlcNAc-binding assay, ELISA for serum concentration measurement Human molecular genetics High 15879437
2006 Ficolin-2 is an oligomeric serum protein forming stable 12-mer (403 kDa) and unstable 24-mer (807 kDa) structures built from 34.4 kDa polypeptides connected by extensive disulfide bridges in the N-terminal region; it binds MASP (MBL-associated serine proteases) and activates complement. Recombinant expression in CHO cells, gel filtration, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Molecular immunology High 16595153
2006 Ficolin-2 binds to late apoptotic cells, apoptotic bodies, and necrotic cells (but not early apoptotic cells) via calcium-dependent binding to exposed DNA; this binding leads to complement C4 deposition on necrotic cells and enhanced attachment/phagocytosis by macrophages. Cell-binding assays, DNA-binding assay with calcium chelation, serum reconstitution with ficolin-2-deficient serum, complement C4 deposition assay, macrophage attachment/uptake assay Molecular immunology High 16730064
2007 FCN2 promoter polymorphisms at -986, -602, and -4 positions are associated with markedly different serum ficolin-2 concentrations; ficolin-2 circulates as a mixture of covalently and non-covalently linked oligomers independent of individual genotype. Sandwich ELISA, TaqMan-based genotyping, gel-permeation chromatography with ELISA/SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis of fractions Scandinavian journal of immunology Medium 17386030
2009 Ficolin-2 (but not ficolin-1 or ficolin-3) directly binds Aspergillus fumigatus in a calcium-independent manner and interacts with pentraxin 3 (PTX3) also in a calcium-independent manner; PTX3 and ficolin-2 mutually enhance each other's binding to A. fumigatus. The FCN2 T236M polymorphism in the fibrinogen-like domain reduces both PTX3 binding and A. fumigatus binding. The ficolin-2/PTX3 complex enhances complement deposition on A. fumigatus. Affinity isolation from human plasma on immobilized PTX3, binding studies, complement deposition assay on A. fumigatus, comparison of wild-type vs. T236M variant The Journal of biological chemistry High 19632990
2014 Ficolin-2 recognizes O-acetylated epitopes on Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11A capsule polysaccharide in a wcjE gene-dependent manner, triggering C1q-independent complement deposition and phagocytic killing of pneumococci; inhibition of ficolin-2 binding abrogated complement deposition and phagocytosis. Binding assays with recombinant ficolin-2, complement deposition assay, opsonophagocytosis assay, specific inhibition of ficolin-2 binding, epidemiological meta-analysis The Journal of infectious diseases High 24683196
2014 Ficolin-2 inhibits HCV infection by binding HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 (via the C-terminal fibrinogen domain residues 201-313 aa interacting with N-glycans), blocking HCV attachment to LDLR and scavenger receptor B1; ApoE3 (but not ApoE2 or ApoE4) blocks ficolin-2-HCV-E2 interaction and mediates viral immune escape. Viral entry inhibition assay, direct binding assays to HCV-E1/E2, receptor attachment blocking assays, domain mapping with truncation mutants, ApoE isoform competition assay Journal of immunology High 24928988
2014 X-ray crystallography of the ficolin-2 fibrinogen-like domain shows that sulfate and phosphate groups bind to the S3 binding site (composed of Arg132, Asp133, Thr136, and Lys221), the same site that binds N-acetyl groups; mutagenesis of Arg132 (and to a lesser extent Asp133) abolished this binding; DNA and heparin compete for the same S3 site. X-ray crystallography of ficolin-2 fibrinogen-like domain in complex with ligands, site-directed mutagenesis, competitive binding assay FEBS letters High 25447524
2013 Ficolin-2 defends against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection by binding to surface glycolipids of H37Rv, blocking infection of lung cells, promoting opsonophagocytosis, and activating JNK phosphorylation and stimulating secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide by macrophages; Ficolin-A (mouse ficolin-2-like) knockout mice showed increased susceptibility to H37Rv infection. In vitro binding assays, cell infection blocking assay, opsonophagocytosis assay, exogenous ficolin-2 administration in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice, Ficolin-A knockout mice, JNK phosphorylation assay, cytokine measurement PloS one High 24040095
2015 Human ficolin-2 recognizes and binds nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa, Pasteurella pneumotropica, enteropathogenic E. coli serotype O111ab:H2, and enteroaggregative E. coli serogroup O71, but does not bind pathogenic Leptospira interrogans or other E. coli strains tested; ficolin-2 binding to these pathogens activates the lectin complement pathway. Recombinant ficolin-2 binding assays, anti-ficolin monoclonal antibodies for detection, lectin pathway complement activation assay with C1q-depleted human serum Immunobiology Medium 26074063
2016 Ficolin-2 binds to cholesterol crystals in a calcium-independent manner and activates the lectin complement pathway, resulting in complement activation product deposition; ficolin-1 and ficolin-3 do not bind cholesterol crystals; ficolin-2 protein is deposited in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Binding assays with recombinant proteins, complement deposition assay using deficient and normal sera with specific inhibitors, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy of human carotid plaques Journal of immunology High 27183610
2016 Ficolin-2 binds HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and blocks HIV-1 entry into target cells in a dose-dependent manner, inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Direct binding assay of recombinant ficolin-2 to gp120, viral entry inhibition assay in TZM-b1 and MT-2 cells, complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay Virologica Sinica Medium 27576476
2016 FCN2 overexpression in HCC cells inhibits migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro and in vivo; TGF-β signaling contributes to FCN2-mediated suppression of metastasis and EMT (FCN2/TGF-β/EMT axis). Ectopic expression of FCN2 in HCC cells, migration/invasion assays, EMT marker analysis in vitro and in vivo xenograft models, TGF-β pathway analysis Cancer letters Medium 27177473
2017 Ficolin-2 binds TLR4 on macrophages and dendritic cells, promotes macrophage M1 polarization, enhances antigen-presenting ability, and facilitates proliferation and antigen-specific cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells; ficolin-A (mouse ficolin-2-like) KO mice exhibit significantly increased tumor cell growth. Ficolin-2 binding assay to TLR4, macrophage activation assays, M1 polarization assessment, CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, murine tumor models with exogenous ficolin-2 or ficolin-A, ficolin-A KO mice Clinical immunology Medium 28844702
2019 Ficolin-2 expressed and secreted by hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by HCV, ebolavirus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but increases susceptibility to rabies virus; cell-to-cell spread of HCV is also inhibited in ficolin-2-expressing cells. Stable FCN2 expression in HuH7.5 hepatoma cells (which lack endogenous ficolin-2), viral infection assays with HCV, ebolavirus, VSV, and rabies virus Journal of medical microbiology Medium 30747617
2020 Ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 form stable heterocomplexes in normal human serum and plasma; these heterocomplexes require co-expression of both proteins (not just mixing of recombinant proteins), suggesting formation occurs during biosynthesis; complex concentration correlates with ficolin-2 (ρ=0.24) and ficolin-3 (ρ=0.46) concentrations. ELISA with ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 specific antibodies, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, co-expression in CHO cells, mixing of recombinant proteins as negative control Journal of immunology High 32094208
2022 Ficolin-2 binding to S. pneumoniae serotype 11A capsule is entirely dependent on the O-acetyltransferase gene wcjE; ficolin-2 does not interact with any non-capsule pneumococcal structures including teichoic acid; even partial loss of wcjE expression abrogates bacterial killing. Fluorescence microscopy binding assays, complement deposition assay, opsonophagocytosis assay with wcjE mutants, epidemiological analysis Frontiers in immunology High 35418983
2023 Ficolin-2 promotes pro-inflammatory phenotype in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during macrophage-SMC cross-talk by elevating MCP-1 expression, upregulating IL-6 and TLR4 expression and activating ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; ficolin-2 also increases IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-1β in macrophages and enhances monocyte transmigration; co-localization of ficolin-2 with αSMA, IL-1β and IL-6 was confirmed in atherosclerotic plaques from high ficolin-2 patients. In vitro co-culture of SMC and macrophages with ficolin-2 treatment, cytokine array, protease array, ELISA, qPCR, Western blot, monocyte transmigration assay, immunofluorescence of carotid plaques Scientific reports Medium 37940674
2015 Ficolin-2 is selectively depleted from plasma by heparin-coated (Bioline) cardiopulmonary bypass circuits during cardiac surgery, remaining reduced 24 hours post-operation, while MBL, ficolin-1, and ficolin-3 are unaffected by either phosphorylcholine or heparin-coated circuits. Randomized clinical comparison of two circuit coatings, ELISA measurement of ficolin-1, -2, -3, MBL at five time-points, complement activation potential assay Clinical and experimental immunology Medium 25174443

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 82 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Synergy between ficolin-2 and pentraxin 3 boosts innate immune recognition and complement deposition. The Journal of biological chemistry 156 19632990
2007 The impact of FCN2 polymorphisms and haplotypes on the Ficolin-2 serum levels. Scandinavian journal of immunology 144 17386030
2005 Polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene determine serum variation and function of Ficolin-2. Human molecular genetics 137 15879437
2009 MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3-The genes behind the initiation of the lectin pathway of complement. Molecular immunology 122 19501910
2006 Ficolin-2 recognizes DNA and participates in the clearance of dying host cells. Molecular immunology 115 16730064
2012 Human L-ficolin (ficolin-2) and its clinical significance. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 74 22500076
2016 FCN2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via TGF-β/Smad signaling. Cancer letters 70 27177473
2006 Molecular organization of human Ficolin-2. Molecular immunology 66 16595153
2009 Ficolin 2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Clinical and experimental immunology 57 19664148
2009 Functional haplotypes that produce normal ficolin-2 levels protect against clinical leprosy. The Journal of infectious diseases 55 19434912
2013 Ficolin-2 defends against virulent Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection in vivo, and its insufficiency is associated with infection in humans. PloS one 54 24040095
2009 L-ficolin (ficolin-2) insufficiency is associated with combined allergic and infectious respiratory disease in children. Molecular immunology 53 19767106
2011 Ficolin-2 levels and FCN2 haplotypes influence hepatitis B infection outcome in Vietnamese patients. PloS one 49 22140517
2014 Low invasiveness of pneumococcal serotype 11A is linked to ficolin-2 recognition of O-acetylated capsule epitopes and lectin complement pathway activation. The Journal of infectious diseases 46 24683196
2007 Extremes of L-ficolin concentration in children with recurrent infections are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene. Clinical and experimental immunology 46 17680820
2014 Ficolin-2 inhibits hepatitis C virus infection, whereas apolipoprotein E3 mediates viral immune escape. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 44 24928988
1995 EBP-37, a new elastin-binding protein in human plasma: structural similarity to ficolins, transforming growth factor-beta 1-binding proteins. Journal of biochemistry 43 8586615
2013 Ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in women with malignant and benign ovarian tumours. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 42 23744477
2013 Genetic variants of complement genes ficolin-2, mannose-binding lectin and complement factor H are associated with leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China. Human genetics 40 23423485
2011 Mannose-binding lectin and ficolin-2 gene polymorphisms predispose to cytomegalovirus (re)infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. Journal of hepatology 37 21334396
2016 Cholesterol Crystals Activate the Lectin Complement Pathway via Ficolin-2 and Mannose-Binding Lectin: Implications for the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 27183610
2007 Functional polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene are not associated with invasive pneumococcal disease. Molecular immunology 36 17382393
2013 Association of L-ficolin levels and FCN2 genotypes with chronic Chagas disease. PloS one 35 23593180
2012 Circulating ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Clinical and experimental immunology 34 22670778
2012 Ficolin-2 levels and FCN2 genetic polymorphisms as a susceptibility factor in schistosomiasis. The Journal of infectious diseases 34 22693230
2012 Genetic evidence of functional ficolin-2 haplotype as susceptibility factor in cutaneous leishmaniasis. PloS one 32 22457818
2013 Blood collection tubes influence serum ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 levels. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 30 24173025
2013 The relationship between FCN2 genotypes and serum ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) protein concentrations from a large cohort of neonates. Human immunology 24 23619474
2018 Autoantibodies Targeting Ficolin-2 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Active Nephritis. Arthritis care & research 23 29045037
2015 Heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits selectively deplete the pattern recognition molecule ficolin-2 of the lectin complement pathway in vivo. Clinical and experimental immunology 23 25174443
2013 Ficolin-2 reveals different analytical and biological properties dependent on different sample handling procedures. Molecular immunology 23 23911396
2017 Pentraxin 3, ficolin-2 and lectin pathway associated serine protease MASP-3 as early predictors of myocardial infarction - the HUNT2 study. Scientific reports 22 28216633
2010 Ficolin-2 levels and genetic polymorphisms of FCN2 in malaria. Human immunology 22 20937340
2006 Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Ficolin 2 gene in Behçet's disease. Journal of dermatological science 22 16839748
2013 Early increased ficolin-2 concentrations are associated with severity of liver inflammation and efficacy of anti-viral therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 23298162
2015 Low ficolin-2 levels in common variable immunodeficiency patients with bronchiectasis. Clinical and experimental immunology 20 25251245
2014 Serum ficolin-2 correlates worse than fecal calprotectin and CRP with endoscopic Crohn's disease activity. Journal of Crohn's & colitis 20 24636141
2012 The functional polymorphism Ala258Ser in the innate receptor gene ficolin-2 in the donor predicts improved renal transplant outcome. Transplantation 19 22892990
2017 Ficolin-2 triggers antitumor effect by activating macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 17 28844702
2012 Reliable and rapid characterization of functional FCN2 gene variants reveals diverse geographical patterns. BMC medical genetics 16 22594803
2014 Mannose binding lectin and ficolin-2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for bacterial infections in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric blood & cancer 15 24453114
2021 Ficolin-2 serum levels predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Pharmacological research 14 33513354
2016 Ficolin-2 binds to HIV-1 gp120 and blocks viral infection. Virologica Sinica 14 27576476
2015 Studies of the binding of ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 from the complement lectin pathway to Leptospira biflexa, Pasteurella pneumotropica and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Immunobiology 14 26074063
2015 Serum ficolin-2 concentrations are significantly changed in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and liver diseases. Virologica Sinica 14 26220728
2022 Ficolin-2 Lectin Complement Pathway Mediates Capsule-Specific Innate Immunity Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Frontiers in immunology 13 35418983
2017 The Lack of Association between FCN2 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphisms and Dental Caries in Polish Children. Caries research 13 28088794
2020 Association of FCN2 polymorphisms and Ficolin-2 levels with dengue fever in Vietnamese patients. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 12 32088336
2013 Cost-effective procedures for genotyping of human FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms. Immunogenetics 12 23525825
2010 Mannose-binding lectin (MBL2) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) polymorphisms in patients on peritoneal dialysis with staphylococcal peritonitis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 12 20682603
2015 Association of the FCN2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PloS one 11 26379154
2015 Association of Ficolin-2 Serum Levels and FCN2 Genetic Variants with Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis. PloS one 10 25965808
2017 Ficolin-2 Gene rs7851696 Polymorphism is Associated with Delayed Graft Function and Acute Rejection in Kidney Allograft Recipients. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis 9 28536887
2019 Association of ficolin-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian children and adolescents: a multicenter study. Lupus 8 31184250
2016 Frequency and distribution of FCN2 and FCN3 functional variants among MBL2 genotypes. Immunogenetics 8 26795763
2014 Human ficolin-2 recognition versatility extended: an update on the binding of ficolin-2 to sulfated/phosphated carbohydrates. FEBS letters 8 25447524
2013 Mannose-binding lectin 2 and ficolin-2 gene polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to bloodstream infections in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings 8 24182802
2023 Ficolin-2 amplifies inflammation in macrophage-smooth muscle cell cross-talk and increases monocyte transmigration by mechanisms involving IL-1β and IL-6. Scientific reports 7 37940674
2022 Association of the FCN2 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphisms with Very Low Birthweight in Preterm Neonates. International journal of molecular sciences 7 36499663
2020 Circulating Ficolin-2 and Ficolin-3 Form Heterocomplexes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 7 32094208
2014 Serum ficolin-2 in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Inflammation 7 24736883
2022 Ficolin-2: A potential immune-related therapeutic target with low expression in liver cancer. Frontiers in oncology 6 36425563
2021 Hemodialysis leads to plasma depletion of lectin complement pathway initiator molecule ficolin-2. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis 6 34132045
2018 Association of ficolin-2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and protein levels with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: relationship with cardiac function. Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases 6 30775605
2017 MBL2 and FCN2 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of Italian children with rheumatic fever: A case-control study. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 6 28576308
2016 Ficolin-2 inhibitors are present in sera after prolonged storage at -80 °C. PeerJ 6 27896034
2023 Association of low ficolin-2 concentration in cord serum with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns. Frontiers in immunology 5 36733481
2022 Effect of Polymorphisms in the FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3 Genes on the Susceptibility to Develop Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. International journal of rheumatology 5 36569030
2021 Novel FCN2 Variants and Haplotypes are Associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease. DNA and cell biology 5 34529517
2014 Mannose-binding lectin-2 and ficolin-2 gene polymorphisms and clinical risk factors for acute rejection in kidney transplantation. Transplant immunology 5 24486561
2021 Polymorphisms of the FCN2 Gene 3'UTR Region and Their Clinical Associations in Preterm Newborns. Frontiers in immunology 4 34777352
2017 The prevalence of the variants of the L-ficolin gene (FCN2) in the arctic populations of East Siberia. Immunogenetics 4 28391359
2016 FCN2 c.772G>T polymorphism is associated with chronic adenoiditis and/or tonsillitis, but not -4 A>G and -602 G>A. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 4 27368434
2015 Rapid and efficient purification of ficolin-2 using a disposable CELLine bioreactor. Journal of immunological methods 4 26021447
2019 Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses. Journal of medical microbiology 3 30747617
2014 Mannose-binding lectin and ficolin-2 do not influence humoral immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 3 25024112
2021 Anti-Ficolin-2 and Anti-Ficolin-3 Autoantibody Detection by ELISA. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2 33847937
2015 Can ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) insufficiency be established by a single serum protein measurement? International journal of immunogenetics 2 26385254
2013 Structural, electronic and vibrational properties of N,N'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDI-FCN2) crystal. The Journal of chemical physics 2 24070297
2023 Variants of IL6, IL10, FCN2, RNASE3, IL12B and IL17B loci are associated with Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in the Albert Nile region of Uganda. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 1 38033168
2012 OS004. A link between the complement system and angiogenic imbalance inpreeclampsia: ficolin-2 deficiency. Pregnancy hypertension 1 26105219
2023 Selected SNPs of FCN2 Associated with Chronic Tonsillitis in the Polish Adult Population. Genes 0 36833169

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