| 2020 |
The C-terminal substrate-binding domain of FBXL5 harbors a [2Fe2S] iron-sulfur cluster in the oxidized state. A cryo-EM structure of the IRP2-FBXL5-SKP1 complex revealed that this cluster organizes the FBXL5 C-terminal loop responsible for recruiting IRP2. IRP2 binding to FBXL5 depends on the oxidized state of the [2Fe2S] cluster maintained by ambient oxygen, explaining hypoxia-induced IRP2 stabilization. FBXL5 also sterically dislodges IRP2 from iron-responsive element RNA to facilitate its turnover. |
Cryo-EM structure determination, in vitro ubiquitination assay, mutagenesis, EPR spectroscopy |
Molecular cell |
High |
32126207
|
| 2012 |
The N-terminal domain of FBXL5 adopts a hemerythrin-like α-helical bundle fold containing an unusual diiron center. This domain senses iron and oxygen availability by distinct mechanisms: iron limitation causes substantive structural changes in the domain, whereas oxygen depletion does not produce the same conformational changes. The domain controls accessibility of a degradation sequence required for proteasomal degradation of FBXL5 itself. |
X-ray crystallography, biochemical assays, mutagenesis, spectroscopy |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
22253436 22648410
|
| 2011 |
FBXL5 mediates iron-dependent proteasomal degradation of IRP2 in vivo. Fbxl5-null mice die in utero with excessive iron accumulation; embryonic lethality is rescued by simultaneous deletion of IRP2 but not IRP1, establishing that unrestrained IRP2 activity is the primary cause of death and placing FBXL5 upstream of IRP2 in iron homeostasis. |
Genetic epistasis (Fbxl5−/− × Irp2−/− double knockout mice), immunoblotting, tissue iron measurements |
Cell metabolism |
High |
21907140
|
| 2012 |
FBXL5 is required for maintenance of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis in vivo. FBXL5-null mice fail to sense increased cellular iron, show constitutive IRP2 accumulation and misexpression of IRP2 target genes, and die during embryogenesis; viability is restored by IRP2 but not IRP1 deletion. Heterozygous mice show increased intestinal iron absorption via enhanced duodenal IRP2 responsiveness and upregulation of DMT-1. |
Conditional and constitutive knockout mice, genetic epistasis, gene expression analysis, hematological measurements |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23135277
|
| 2014 |
HERC2, a large HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with FBXL5 and targets it for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, controlling FBXL5 basal turnover. Inhibition of HERC2-FBXL5 interaction or HERC2 depletion stabilizes FBXL5, leading to decreased intracellular ferrous iron. |
Proteomics/mass spectrometry interactome, Co-IP, RNA interference, ferrous iron measurements |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
24778179
|
| 2019 |
FBXL5 interacts with the CIA-targeting complex (composed of MMS19, FAM96B, and CIAO1) in an oxygen-dependent manner. This interaction, robust at 21% O2 but severely diminished at 1% O2, promotes FBXL5-mediated degradation of IRPs and links IRP-dependent iron homeostasis with Fe-S cluster assembly machinery. |
Co-IP, mass spectrometry, cell-based IRP degradation assays under varying O2 conditions |
Molecular cell |
Medium |
31229404
|
| 2017 |
FBXL5 promotes IRP1 polyubiquitination and degradation when cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly (CIA) is impaired. FBXL5 and CIA act synergistically through both IRP1 and IRP2 to control iron metabolism. IRP1 Ser-138 phosphorylation is required for iron rescue when CIA is inhibited. A negative feedback loop exists whereby elevated IRP expression induces FBXL5 protein levels. |
siRNA knockdown, IRP1 phosphorylation-site mutants, polyubiquitination assays, cell viability assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
28768766
|
| 2013 |
FBXL5 is localized in the nucleus where it interacts with the transcription factor Snail1, promotes its polyubiquitination, impairs Snail1 DNA binding, and reduces Snail1 protein stability. Although polyubiquitination occurs in the nucleus, Snail1 is degraded in the cytosol. Lats2 phosphorylation of Snail1 prevents nuclear export but not FBXL5-mediated polyubiquitination. FBXL5 is downregulated by iron depletion and γ-irradiation, explaining Snail1 stabilization under these stresses. |
shRNA screening, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, subcellular fractionation, nuclear localization imaging |
Nucleic acids research |
Medium |
24157836
|
| 2014 |
FBXL5 interacts with cortactin and targets it for ERK-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. ERK-mediated serine phosphorylation of cortactin at S405/S418 is required for FBXL5-induced degradation; the cortactinS405A/S418A phospho-null mutant resists FBXL5-induced degradation and shows enhanced gastric cancer cell migration. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis, cell migration assays |
Tumour biology |
Medium |
24867096
|
| 2014 |
FBXL5 directly interacts with hSSB1 (single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1) and targets it for SCF-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. ATM-mediated phosphorylation of hSSB1 at T117 prevents FBXL5-induced degradation. FBXL5 overexpression abrogates ATM signaling, DNA damage checkpoint activation, and increases radio- and chemo-sensitivity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, phosphorylation-site mutagenesis, DNA damage assays |
Nucleic acids research |
Medium |
25249620
|
| 2015 |
FBXL5 directly interacts with CITED2 and promotes its ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation. FBXL5 depletion increases CITED2 levels; FBXL5 overexpression decreases CITED2 levels, impairs CITED2 interaction with the CH1 domain of p300, and enables transcriptional activity of the HIF-1α N-terminal transactivation domain. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, RNA interference, overexpression, FRET/BRET assay in living cells, reporter assay |
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics |
Medium |
25956243
|
| 2007 |
FBXL5 interacts with p150Glued (dynactin subunit) both in vitro and in vivo, co-localizes with it in the cytoplasm with peri-nuclear enrichment, and promotes its poly-ubiquitination and protein turnover. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assay, immunofluorescence colocalization, overexpression ubiquitination assay |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Low |
17532294
|
| 2017 |
FBXL5-mediated regulation of cellular iron homeostasis is required for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. Conditional deletion of Fbxl5 in mouse HSCs causes cellular iron overload, reduced HSC number, and stem cell exhaustion upon bone marrow transplantation. Suppression of IRP2 accumulation in FBXL5-deficient HSCs restores stem cell function. |
Conditional knockout mice, bone marrow transplantation, transcriptomic analysis, genetic epistasis (IRP2 suppression) |
Nature communications |
High |
28714470
|
| 2017 |
Brain-specific deletion of FBXL5 in nestin-expressing neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) leads to IRP2 stabilization, iron accumulation, ROS generation, and aberrant NSPC and astroglia proliferation in the cerebral cortex. Pharmacological manipulation implicated mTOR signaling as the downstream effector of FBXL5 deficiency. |
Conditional knockout mice (nestin-Cre), iron measurements, ROS assays, mTOR pathway inhibition |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
28069738
|
| 2017 |
Redox state of the FBXL5 diiron center governs its conformation and stability. EPR, direct electrochemistry, SRCD, and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that redox reactions at the diiron center are accompanied by conformational changes and iron release, which are mechanistically linked to FBXL5 stability and its function as an iron/oxygen sensor. |
EPR spectroscopy, direct electrochemistry, SRCD, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, redox kinetics |
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics |
Medium |
28131773
|
| 2021 |
At tissue-level O2 concentrations, ISC deficiency can activate IRP2 and promote ferroptosis sensitivity independently of IRP1, FBXL5, and changes in IRP2 protein level. IRP2 responds to Fe-S cluster synthesis suppression via a previously unidentified mechanism that does not involve FBXL5-mediated degradation. |
ISC synthesis inhibition, IRP RNA-binding assays, IRP1/IRP2 double knockout, FBXL5 knockdown, ferroptosis assays |
Science advances |
Medium |
34039609
|
| 2023 |
FBXL5 promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TFEB (transcription factor EB). In alcoholic fatty liver disease, FBXL5 is upregulated and its interaction with TFEB promotes TFEB degradation, contributing to lipid accumulation; TFEB knockdown reverses the effect of FBXL5 inhibition. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression in HepG2 cells |
Cellular signalling |
Low |
37743009
|
| 2023 |
FBXL5 mRNA translation is suppressed by the RNA-binding protein G3BP1, which stabilizes IRP2 by binding to and suppressing FBXL5 mRNA translation. Sodium arsenite intoxication activates this G3BP1-FBXL5-IRP2 axis, elevating labile iron and triggering ferroptosis. |
35S-methionine labeling, RIP assay, siRNA knockdown, ferroptosis assays, mouse kidney injury model |
Journal of hazardous materials |
Medium |
38118197
|
| 2023 |
FBXL5 is required for redox homeostasis and spindle assembly during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Fbxl5 silencing caused meiotic failure, overproduction of ROS, and abnormal accumulation of CITED2. An in vitro ubiquitination assay confirmed that FBXL5 directly interacts with CITED2 and mediates its proteasomal degradation in oocytes. |
siRNA knockdown in mouse oocytes, ROS assay, immunofluorescence spindle imaging, in vitro ubiquitination assay, Co-IP |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
37462473
|
| 2026 |
FBXL5 promotes YAP1 protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway without altering YAP1 transcript levels. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) binds FBXL5 and enhances its expression, increasing YAP1 degradation and restraining colorectal cancer growth in vivo. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, xenograft mouse model, cell proliferation assay |
Frontiers in immunology |
Low |
42093989
|