| 2007 |
BPA binds to the ERRγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) with high affinity (KD = 5.5 nM). Crystal structure of the ERRγ-LBD/BPA complex revealed that BPA is anchored by hydrogen bonds between its two phenol-hydroxyl groups and residues Glu275, Arg316, and Asn346, with additional hydrophobic contacts especially with Tyr326. BPA binding preserves the active conformation of helix 12, thereby maintaining ERRγ constitutive transcriptional activity. ERRγ behaves as a constitutive activator of transcription in the absence of a known endogenous ligand. |
X-ray crystallography of ERRγ-LBD/BPA complex; prior biochemical binding assay (KD determination) |
Journal of biochemistry |
High |
17761695
|
| 2009 |
An ERRγ isoform (type-1) bearing an additional 23-mer amino-acid sequence at the N-terminus elevates ERRγ basal constitutive transcriptional activity by approximately 50%, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter gene assay. Placenta exclusively expresses this type-1 isoform among ERRγ protein isoforms. |
Luciferase reporter gene assay; real-time PCR; identification of ERRγ mRNA variants and protein isoforms in human reproductive tissues |
Journal of biochemistry |
Medium |
19304792
|
| 2010 |
Esrrg protein is detected in early ureteric ducts (cytoplasmic/sub-membranous) and in developing nephrons (nuclear localization). siRNA-mediated knockdown and small-molecule agonist-induced aberrant activation of Esrrg in embryonic mouse kidney cultures both caused severe abnormality of early branching events of the ureteric duct. Esrrg homozygous knockout mice (Esrrg−/−) displayed agenesis of the renal papilla with otherwise normal cortex and medulla development, establishing Esrrg as required for ureteric bud branching prior to nephrogenesis onset. |
Immunostaining for subcellular localization; siRNA knockdown in embryonic kidney explant culture; small-molecule agonist treatment; targeted gene knockout mouse model (Esrrg−/−) |
Human molecular genetics |
High |
21138943
|
| 2021 |
ERRγ expression is induced in the liver during acute kidney injury (AKI) by upstream IL-6 signaling. Hepatic ERRγ overexpression is sufficient to induce hepatic FGF23 production. Liver-specific depletion of ERRγ or treatment with an inverse ERRγ agonist decreased hepatic FGF23 expression and plasma FGF23 levels in folic acid-induced AKI mice. IL-6 neutralizing antibody reduced ERRγ-mediated FGF23 production, confirming the IL-6 → ERRγ → FGF23 axis. |
Ectopic overexpression; liver-specific genetic depletion; inverse agonist pharmacological inhibition; IL-6 neutralizing antibody; folic acid-induced AKI mouse model; plasma FGF23 measurement |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
33853949
|
| 2021 |
Esrrg controls regulatory T cell (Treg) maintenance and function through mitochondrial homeostasis. Esrrg-deficient Tregs exhibit dysregulated mitochondria with decreased oxygen consumption, ATP production, and NAD+ levels. Esrrg deficiency also leads to decreased phosphatidylinositol and TGF-β signaling and increased mTOR complex 1 activation in Tregs, impaired differentiation into follicular Tregs, and enhanced follicular helper T cell responses, resulting in global T cell activation and autoimmunity in aged mice. |
Conditional knockout mouse model; mitochondrial oxygen consumption assay; ATP and NAD+ quantification; phospho-signaling pathway analysis; T cell subset phenotyping; ESRRG knockdown in Jurkat cells with metabolic readout |
JCI insight |
High |
34156979
|
| 2022 |
RB1 directly interacts with and inhibits ESRRG, and RB1 loss uncouples ESRRG from negative regulation in retinoblastoma cells. ESRRG regulates genes involved in retinogenesis and oxygen metabolism and is preferentially expressed in hypoxic retinoblastoma cells in vivo. Depletion or inhibition of ESRRG causes marked retinoblastoma cell death, which is exacerbated under hypoxia. |
Protein interaction assay (RB1-ESRRG direct interaction); whole exome/transcriptome/single-cell transcriptome genomic analyses; ESRRG depletion/inhibition with cell death readout; in vivo tumor hypoxia expression analysis |
Science advances |
Medium |
35984874
|
| 2020 |
Sophoridine promotes β-catenin degradation by enhancing ESRRG expression in gastric cancer cells, independently of ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, TRIM33-mediated GSK3β-independent pathway, or altered GSK3β activity. ESRRG-mediated β-catenin degradation underlies the tumor-suppressive effects of sophoridine. |
siRNA transfection; nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation; western blot; CCK-8, EDU, colony forming, transwell, and flow cytometry assays in AGS and SGC7901 cells |
BMC cancer |
Medium |
32571331
|
| 2020 |
ESRRG and PERM1 are involved in the PGC1α transcriptional network to positively regulate mitochondrial capacity in adipocytes. Increased expression of ESRRG supports the formation of brown or brite/beige adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo, indicating ESRRG is an early inducer and important regulator of brite/beige adipocyte formation and mitochondrial conversion. |
Transcriptome profiling of inguinal adipocytes during cold exposure; in vitro and in vivo overexpression experiments; functional measurement of mitochondrial uncoupled respiration |
Frontiers in endocrinology |
Medium |
32595605
|
| 2016 |
ERRγ overexpression attenuates puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte apoptosis and stimulates PI3K/Akt signaling (increased expression of PI3K subunits p85α and p110α and phosphorylated Akt). Conversely, ERRγ siRNA silencing causes podocyte apoptosis with increased injury markers (B7-1, cathepsin L) and decreased nephrin. A specific PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) entirely reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of ERRγ, establishing PI3K/Akt as the downstream effector pathway. |
siRNA knockdown; overexpression; PI3K inhibitor rescue experiment; western blot for signaling pathway components; apoptosis assay; in vivo PAN-treated rat kidney model |
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology |
Medium |
27417234
|
| 2023 |
ESRRG directly interacts with the PKM2 promoter to inhibit its transcriptional activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, thereby suppressing glycolysis (Warburg effect). The ESRRG-specific agonist DY131 inhibits ESCC cell proliferation and glycolysis by modulating glycolysis pathway genes, and also modulates lactate regulation relevant to immune checkpoint activity. |
Promoter luciferase assay; altered ESRRG expression in ESCC cell lines; metabolic assays for glycolysis; DY131 agonist treatment; bioinformatics analysis |
Journal of translational medicine |
Medium |
37679788
|
| 2022 |
BPA affects the ESRRG signaling pathway in a sex-specific manner in human placentas: BPA (1 µM, 24 h) increased ESRRG mRNA and protein in female placentas but decreased them in male placentas (at 1 nM or 1 µM, 48 h). Downstream ESRRG targets HSD17B1 and PLAC1 were correspondingly altered in a sex-specific pattern. BPA treatment did not affect proliferation, apoptosis, or syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. |
Placental villous explant culture with BPA; mRNA and protein quantification; sex-stratified analysis of ESRRG pathway constituents |
Biology of reproduction |
Medium |
35220427
|
| 2024 |
ESRRG functions as a transcription factor that directly binds the Kcnn1 (KCNN1) gene promoter in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Peripheral nerve injury reduces DRG ESRRG expression, leading to reduced KCNN1 transcription. This downregulation decreases total potassium voltage currents and afterhyperpolarization currents, increasing neuronal excitability and nociceptive hypersensitivity. Rescuing KCNN1 expression prevented CCI-induced pain behaviors without affecting locomotion or acute pain. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrating ESRRG binding to Kcnn1 promoter; siRNA-mediated knockdown; AAV-mediated rescue; electrophysiology (potassium current and AHP measurement); behavioral pain assays in CCI and L4 ligation mouse models |
JCI insight |
High |
38912580
|
| 2025 |
ESRRG binds to the Pde3b (phosphodiesterase 3B) promoter, as demonstrated by dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR. Esrrg inhibition (by AAV-shEsrrg or inverse agonist GSK5182) reduces Pde3b expression and alleviates airway inflammation in PM2.5-aggravated asthmatic mice and in isolated mouse tracheobronchial epithelial cells. |
Dual luciferase reporter assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR; AAV-mediated shRNA knockdown; pharmacological inverse agonist (GSK5182); in vivo asthma-PM2.5 mouse model; in vitro tracheobronchial epithelial cell model |
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology |
High |
40153608
|
| 2025 |
De novo heterozygous variants in ESRRG (located in DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains) reduce transcriptional activity at ERR response elements (ERRE) as assessed by reporter gene assay in ESRRG-knockout HEK293T cells. ESRRG knockout increases cell proliferation, and wild-type ESRRG overexpression restores normal proliferation, while the identified disease variants do not. All identified variants retain correct nuclear localization. These findings implicate ESRRG gain-of-function transcriptional activity in cell proliferation control. |
ERRE luciferase reporter gene assay in ESRRG-KO HEK293T cells (transient transfection of each variant vs. wild-type); cell proliferation assay; immunofluorescence for subcellular localization; molecular modeling |
American journal of human genetics |
Medium |
41265451
|
| 2025 |
ESRRG mediates HSD11B2 transcription; propofol suppresses ESRRG expression in hippocampal neurons of 3xTg-AD mice, thereby reducing HSD11B2 and causing mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased membrane potential, increased cytochrome C release, increased p-DRP1). ESRRG overexpression (AAV-mediated) mitigated propofol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, but these effects were reversed by HSD11B2 knockdown, establishing ESRRG → HSD11B2 as a functional transcriptional axis. |
AAV-mediated ESRRG overexpression; HSD11B2 knockdown; in vivo behavioral testing (Morris water maze); mitochondrial function assays (MMP, ROS, cytochrome C, p-DRP1); in vitro HT22 neuronal cell experiments |
Brain research |
Medium |
41197937
|
| 2026 |
ESRRG is uniquely and highly expressed at the 2-cell embryo stage in mice and is essential for blastocyst formation. ESRRG knockdown reduces global transcriptional activity in 2-cell embryos, impairing zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and the 2-cell to 4-cell transition. The transcription factor TRPS1 directly binds to the Esrrg promoter to regulate its expression. The TRPS1-ESRRG axis controls ZGA factors including Sp1 and tankyrase 2. |
siRNA/morpholino knockdown of Esrrg in mouse preimplantation embryos; global transcriptional activity assay; ChIP or equivalent assay showing TRPS1 binding to Esrrg promoter; embryo developmental staging |
Cellular signalling |
Medium |
42248279
|
| 2009 |
Esrrg expression is significantly upregulated (2.36-fold) by fenofibrate treatment in ApoA-I transgenic mice and shows significant positive correlation with genes of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and mitochondrial functions, indicating a role for ERRγ in mediating fenofibrate-induced activation of specific lipid metabolism target genes. |
Global gene expression profiling (microarray) in ApoA-I transgenic mice treated with fenofibrate; bioinformatics correlation analysis |
The pharmacogenomics journal |
Low |
19949424
|
| 2026 |
ESRRG downregulation in trophoblasts impairs mitochondrial function (decreased ATP, abnormal mitochondrial morphology) and reduces proliferation, invasion, migration, and tube formation in HTR-8/SVneo cells. ESRRG overexpression in a lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion mouse model improved trophoblast functionality and increased the number of retained embryos in the uterus. |
CCK8 and Transwell assays; MitoSOX staining; JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay; ATP quantification; transmission electron microscopy; in vivo mouse overexpression model |
Annals of medicine |
Medium |
41623023
|