Affinage

ESCO2

N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 · UniProt Q56NI9

Length
601 aa
Mass
68.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
89 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ESCO2 is a conserved acetyltransferase that establishes sister chromatid cohesion during S phase, and its loss-of-function causes Roberts syndrome with cohesion defects at heterochromatic regions (PMID:15821733). Its intrinsic acetyltransferase activity is essential: the active-site mutant W539G abolishes autoacetylation in vitro and fails to rescue cohesion defects and DNA-damage hypersensitivity in patient cells, while wild-type ESCO2 complements (PMID:18411254, PMID:19738907). ESCO2 acetylates the cohesin subunit SMC3 and promotes Sororin recruitment to chromatin, and it acts non-redundantly with ESCO1 — ESCO1 supplies most bulk SMC3 acetylation and supports non-cohesive cohesin functions, whereas ESCO2 uniquely drives cohesion through its N-terminal sequences and operates independently of Pds5 (PMID:22101327, PMID:26051894, PMID:28847955). ESCO2 is targeted to replication forks during S phase through multivalent interactions with both the MCM2-7 replicative helicase and PCNA via N-terminal PIP motifs, coupling cohesin acetylation to ongoing replication (PMID:29930102, PMID:31879348). ESCO2 abundance is cell-cycle controlled: MCM binding protects it from degradation while the CUL4/CRL4-DDB1 ligase (engaging ESCO2 selectively through an LxG motif) and APC/C drive post-replicative turnover, with CRL4 also stabilizing ESCO2 on chromatin to support SMC3 acetylation (PMID:30100344, PMID:30779731). In meiosis ESCO2 additionally binds and acetylates histone H4K16 to control the spindle-assembly checkpoint and kinetochore function, and it supports sex-chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis (PMID:28934466, PMID:32051254, PMID:31387516). ESCO2 functions in genome stability beyond cohesion, acting downstream of ATM/MDC1 at double-strand breaks to enable 53BP1 recruitment (PMID:37377435) and in synthetic-lethal relationship with DDX11 on WAPL-sensitive cohesin (PMID:31935221).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Identifying ESCO2 as the gene mutated in Roberts syndrome established it as a conserved ECO1-family cohesion factor with a putative acetyltransferase domain, defining its core biological role.

    Evidence Positional cloning and mutation identification across 15 kindreds with homology analysis

    PMID:15821733

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase activity inferred from homology, not yet demonstrated
    • Substrate not identified
  2. 2008 High

    An active-site mutation answered whether enzymatic activity, rather than mere protein presence, is required for ESCO2 function — it is.

    Evidence In vitro acetyltransferase assay on purified W539G mutant plus patient cell phenotyping

    PMID:18411254

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrate not yet defined
    • In vitro autoacetylation does not specify the cellular target
  3. 2009 High

    Isogenic rescue confirmed that acetyltransferase activity is required to restore cohesion and DNA-damage resistance, and revealed cell-cycle-dependent proteasomal regulation of ESCO2.

    Evidence Stable WT vs W539G expression in RBS fibroblasts; drug sensitivity and proteasome inhibitor assays

    PMID:19738907

    Open questions at the time
    • Degradation machinery not identified
    • Timing of degradation within cell cycle unresolved
  4. 2011 High

    Conditional knockout pinpointed SMC3 acetylation and Sororin recruitment as the molecular outputs of ESCO2 and established its non-redundant role at pericentric heterochromatin.

    Evidence Conditional KO mouse with acetyl-SMC3/Sororin Westerns, immunofluorescence, chromosome spreads

    PMID:22101327

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of transient PCH localization not defined
    • Recruitment factors to forks unknown
  5. 2017 High

    Comparative gene inactivation resolved the division of labor between the two paralogs: ESCO2 uniquely drives cohesion via its N terminus, while ESCO1 supports non-cohesive cohesin roles.

    Evidence ESCO1/ESCO2 inactivation in DT40 cells with cohesion assays and N-terminal domain mapping; Pds5 dependence by Co-IP/depletion

    PMID:26051894 PMID:28847955

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of N-terminal targeting partners not yet defined here
    • Why ESCO1 acetylation cannot substitute for cohesion unclear
  6. 2018 High

    Two complementary studies showed how ESCO2 reaches cohesive cohesin near forks — via direct MCM2-7 and multivalent PCNA (PIP-motif) interactions — explaining its S-phase-coupled specificity.

    Evidence MS interactome, reciprocal Co-IP, and binding-defective/PIP-mutant analysis with cohesion and acetylation readouts

    PMID:29930102 PMID:31879348

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of MCM vs PCNA arms not quantified
    • Structural basis of multivalent docking unresolved
  7. 2018 High

    ESCO2 protein dynamics were mechanistically linked to replication: MCM binding stabilizes ESCO2 while CUL4-DDB1-VPRBP and APC/C drive post-replicative degradation.

    Evidence Co-IP, auxin-inducible degron, proteasome inhibition with cell-cycle staging

    PMID:30100344

    Open questions at the time
    • Degron sequence on ESCO2 not mapped here
    • Substrate-receptor specificity within CRL4 unresolved
  8. 2019 High

    CRL4 was shown to engage ESCO2 selectively through an LxG motif and, with PCNA, to stabilize ESCO2 on chromatin to enable SMC3 acetylation, refining the earlier degradation model into a chromatin-stabilization role.

    Evidence Co-IP, LxG motif mapping, siRNA depletion of CUL4A/B/DDB1 with acetylation, cohesion, and HDAC8-inhibitor rescue

    PMID:30779731

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of stabilizing vs degradative CRL4 roles incomplete
    • Switch between stabilization and turnover not defined
  9. 2020 High

    Three conditional KO strains extended ESCO2 function into meiosis, showing it is required for sex-chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis.

    Evidence Three Esco2 conditional KO mouse strains with acSMC3/sororin/axial-element immunofluorescence on meiotic spreads

    PMID:32051254

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism distinguishing sex-chromosome dependence unclear
    • Link to meiotic H4K16 acetylation not integrated
  10. 2020 Medium

    Synthetic-lethality analysis placed ESCO2 and DDX11 in distinct but converging cohesion arms acting on WAPL-sensitive cohesin.

    Evidence siRNA double knockdown in WABS/RBS patient cells with cohesion assays and WAPL-knockdown rescue

    PMID:31935221

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of pathway convergence unresolved
    • Single-lab epistasis
  11. 2023 Medium

    ESCO2 was tied to double-strand-break repair: ATM phosphorylation and MDC1 recognition recruit it to break sites, where SMC3 acetylation enables 53BP1 loading.

    Evidence Phospho-site mutagenesis (S196/T233), MDC1 Co-IP, chromatin fractionation, 53BP1 foci assays

    PMID:37377435

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab finding
    • How acetylated cohesin promotes 53BP1 microdomains mechanistically unclear
  12. 2023 Medium

    A reconstitution study challenged the universality of replication-coupled CUL4 degradation by showing ESCO2 stability through S phase in Xenopus extract and somatic cells.

    Evidence Xenopus egg extract replication, GFP-ESCO2 live imaging under damage/replication stress

    PMID:36708487

    Open questions at the time
    • Contradicts earlier degradation reports — system-dependence unresolved
    • Single lab
  13. 2026 Medium

    CDK phosphorylation at S75 was linked to ESCO2 binding to replication machinery and cohesion, providing a cell-cycle entry point for cohesion establishment.

    Evidence Phospho-site mutagenesis with replication-machinery interaction and cohesion assays

    PMID:41898498

    Open questions at the time
    • Recently published, single lab
    • Responsible CDK and target residue context not fully resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ESCO2's distinct functions — cohesion establishment, meiotic H4K16 acetylation, DSB-coupled 53BP1 loading, transcriptional repression, and telomere maintenance — are integrated and differentially regulated across cell types remains unresolved.
  • No unifying structural model of substrate selection
  • Cell-type-specific partner switching not mapped
  • Cancer and developmental roles rely on single-lab studies

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 4 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0042393 histone binding 2
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 4 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
CUL4-DDB1DDX11MCM2-7MDC1PCNAPDS5SMC3TRF1
Complex memberships
CoREST/LSD1/HDAC repressor complexcohesin

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 ESCO2 is a human homolog of yeast ECO1 (Ctf7) and belongs to a conserved protein family required for establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during S phase; it carries a putative acetyltransferase domain, and loss-of-function mutations in ESCO2 cause Roberts syndrome with loss of cohesion at heterochromatic regions. Positional cloning, mutation identification in 15 kindreds, sequence homology analysis Nature genetics High 15821733
2008 ESCO2 missense mutation W539G (in the acetyltransferase domain) abolishes autoacetyltransferase activity in vitro and produces cohesion defects, reduced proliferation, and mitomycin C sensitivity equivalent to truncating mutations, demonstrating that acetyltransferase activity is essential for ESCO2 function. In vitro acetyltransferase assay on purified ESCO2 mutant protein; cellular phenotype analysis of patient-derived cell lines Human molecular genetics High 18411254
2009 ESCO2 acetyltransferase activity is essential for rescuing sister chromatid cohesion defects and hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents (mitomycin C, camptothecin, etoposide) in Roberts syndrome cells; the W539G acetyltransferase-dead mutant fails to complement. ESCO2 is regulated by proteasomal degradation in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Stable expression of V5/GFP-tagged wild-type and W539G ESCO2 in RBS patient fibroblasts; cohesion rescue assay; drug sensitivity assays; proteasome inhibitor treatment PloS one High 19738907
2011 Esco2 localizes transiently to pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) during S phase. Esco2 deficiency reduces SMC3 cohesin acetylation and Sororin recruitment to chromatin, alters chromosomal localization of cohesin and its protector Sgo1 in early mitosis, and is essential for centromeric cohesion. Esco2 is non-redundant with Esco1 and is a cell viability factor in mice. Conditional knockout mouse; immunofluorescence localization; Western blot for acetyl-SMC3 and Sororin; chromosome spreads The EMBO journal High 22101327
2015 Esco1 requires the cohesin regulatory subunit Pds5 (bound to Rad21) to acetylate SMC3 and establish cohesion, whereas Esco2 function is independent of Pds5; Pds5 interacts exclusively with Esco1 through a unique conserved domain, defining mechanistically distinct pathways for the two acetyltransferases. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA depletion; SMC3 acetylation assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation; cohesion assay Current biology High 26051894
2017 Cohesion establishment is critically dependent on ESCO2, not ESCO1, despite ESCO1 accounting for most bulk SMC3 acetylation. The unique ability of ESCO2 to promote cohesion is mediated by sequences in its N terminus. ESCO1-dependent SMC3 modification predominantly supports non-cohesive cohesin functions (DNA repair, transcription, loop formation). ESCO1 and ESCO2 gene inactivation in DT40 cells; cohesion assays; N-terminal domain swap/deletion analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 28847955
2018 ESCO2 physically associates with the MCM2-7 subcomplex of the replicative Cdc45-MCM-GINS helicase on chromatin. ESCO2 mutants defective in MCM binding show impaired chromatin recruitment, reduced cohesin acetylation during DNA replication, and loss of centromeric cohesion, indicating MCM interaction is required for ESCO2 to travel with replisomes and acetylate cohesive cohesin near replication forks. Mass spectrometry proteomics of 55 replication-associated proteins; co-immunoprecipitation; ESCO2 MCM-binding mutant analysis; cohesin acetylation assay; cohesion assay The EMBO journal High 29930102
2018 ESCO2 is recruited to replication factories through interaction with PCNA via multiple PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motifs in its N terminus; each PIP motif is individually essential for cohesion establishment, and the multivalent PCNA interaction underlies ESCO2's unique ability to establish cohesion precisely during DNA replication. Co-localization of ESCO2 with replication factories; mutation of individual PIP motifs; cohesion rescue assay in vertebrate cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 31879348
2018 ESCO2 protein level is temporally regulated: MCM complex interaction protects ESCO2 from proteasomal degradation during early-to-mid S phase; in late S phase the CUL4-DDB1-VPRBP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex physically interacts with ESCO2 and, together with APC/C, promotes post-replicative ESCO2 degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation; auxin-inducible degron (AID) system; proteasome inhibitor experiments; cell cycle staging Current biology High 30100344
2019 CRL4 (CUL4A/CUL4B-DDB1) ubiquitin ligases interact selectively with ESCO2 (not ESCO1) through an LxG motif in ESCO2, stabilize ESCO2 on chromatin together with PCNA, and are required for efficient SMC3 acetylation and sister chromatid cohesion establishment; depletion of CRL4 subunits phenocopies ESCO2 depletion and is rescued by HDAC8 inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA depletion of CUL4A, CUL4B, DDB1; SMC3 acetylation assay; cohesion assay; chromatin fractionation PLoS genetics High 30779731
2008 Esco2 co-immunoprecipitates with components of the CoREST transcriptional repressor complex (CoREST, LSD1, HDAC1, HDAC2, BRAF35, PHF21A) and with histone methyltransferases Suv39h1, SETDB1, and G9a. Esco2-containing complex purified from HeLa nuclei possesses histone H3K9 methylation activity and functions as a transcriptional repressor; Gal4-Esco2 represses transcription by increasing H3K9 methylation at the promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation from HeLa nuclear extract; in vitro histone methyltransferase assay; Gal4-fusion transcription reporter assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 18501190
2017 Esco2 localizes to chromosomes during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Esco2 depletion inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), impairs spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, causes defective kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and produces aneuploid eggs. These SAC and kinetochore functions are mediated by Esco2 binding to histone H4 and acetylating H4K16 both in vivo and in vitro. Morpholino microinjection for Esco2 depletion in mouse oocytes; immunofluorescence; in vitro acetyltransferase assay on histone H4; co-immunoprecipitation with histone H4 Nucleic acids research Medium 28934466
2011 Esco2 co-immunoprecipitates with Notch but not with CBF1. Esco2 represses Notch transactivation activity in an acetyltransferase-independent manner by attenuating NICD binding to CBF1 on the Hes1 promoter (shown by ChIP). Esco2 overexpression promotes neuronal differentiation of P19 and C17.2 cells; Esco2 knockdown blocks differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation; chromatin immunoprecipitation; reporter assay; siRNA knockdown; overexpression in neural cell lines Cellular signalling Medium 21777673
2015 In a zebrafish regenerating fin model, Esco2 knockdown significantly reduces cx43/gja1 (connexin 43) expression; miR-133-dependent cx43 overexpression rescues esco2-dependent bone and tissue growth defects, suggesting ESCO2 plays a transcriptional role in skeletal morphogenesis via cx43 regulation. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish; quantitative RT-PCR for cx43 expression; rescue by transgenic cx43 overexpression; fin regeneration assay Developmental dynamics Medium 26434741
2017 Smc3 binds a discrete region of the cx43 promoter (shown by ChIP) in zebrafish, and cohesin subunit Smc3 knockdown reduces cx43 expression and phenocopies esco2 knockdown in fin regeneration. Smc3-dependent defects are rescued by transgenic Cx43 overexpression, supporting the model that Esco2 regulates cx43 transcription through acetylation of promoter-bound Smc3. Morpholino-mediated smc3 knockdown; chromatin immunoprecipitation on cx43 promoter; zebrafish fin regeneration assay; transgenic rescue Biology open Medium 29084713
2020 ESCO2 is required for sex chromosome sister chromatid cohesion and supports autosomal synapsis during male meiosis; conditional Esco2 knockout in spermatocytes delays chromosome synapsis and weakens cohesion along sex chromosomes, with acSMC3 and sororin levels increasing on meiotic chromosomes as homologs synapse. Three distinct conditional Esco2 knockout mouse strains; immunofluorescence for acSMC3, sororin, and axial elements on meiotic spreads Life science alliance High 32051254
2020 DDX11 and ESCO2 are synthetically lethal: WABS (DDX11-deficient) cells rely predominantly on ESCO2 for residual cohesion, while RBS (ESCO2-deficient) cells depend on DDX11. Synthetic lethality is rescued by WAPL knockdown, placing DDX11 and ESCO2 in distinct but interacting arms of cohesion establishment that converge on WAPL-sensitive cohesin. siRNA double knockdown in patient-derived cell lines; cohesion assays; mitotic delay quantification; rescue by WAPL knockdown; cDNA complementation PloS one Medium 31935221
2023 In response to DNA double-strand breaks, ATM phosphorylates ESCO2 at S196 and T233; MDC1 recognizes phosphorylated ESCO2 and recruits it to DSB sites. ESCO2-mediated SMC3 acetylation stabilizes cohesin conformation, regulates chromatin structure at DSBs, and is essential for 53BP1 recruitment and 53BP1 microdomain formation. Co-immunoprecipitation; site-directed mutagenesis of ATM phospho-sites; chromatin fractionation; 53BP1 foci assay; ESCO2 and ATM inhibition/depletion Nucleic acids research Medium 37377435
2021 ESCO2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by inhibiting hnRNPA1 nuclear translocation, which increases hnRNPA1 binding to intronic sequences flanking PKM exon 9, thereby inhibiting PKM1 isoform and inducing PKM2 isoform formation to support metabolic reprogramming. Mass spectrometry identification of ESCO2-interacting proteins; nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation; RT-PCR with restriction digest for PKM isoform analysis; glucose uptake and lactate assays; xenograft model Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 33573689
2023 ESCO2 protein is stable during DNA replication in Xenopus egg extract and in transgenic somatic cell lines during S phase, arguing against CUL4-dependent degradation as a universal replication-coupled mechanism in these systems. Xenopus egg extract replication system; flow cytometry and live-cell imaging of GFP-ESCO2 in transgenic cell lines; DNA damage and replication stress challenges Chromosome research Medium 36708487
2025 Phosphorylation of ESCO2 at serine 75 by cyclin-dependent kinase strongly impacts both ESCO2 interaction with the DNA replication machinery and its ability to ensure sister chromatid cohesion, linking CDK-dependent cell cycle signals to S-phase-coupled cohesion establishment. Phospho-site mutagenesis; interaction assays with replication machinery; cohesion assays in vertebrate cells bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.04.18.649605
2026 ESCO2 interacts with telomeric repeat-binding factors TRF1 and TRF2; loss of ESCO2 induces DNA damage at telomeres and causes telomere shortening. ESCO2 associates with BLM, WRN, TopBP1, BRIP1, BRCA1, and MUS81, and acts in epistasis with BLM in promoting telomere stability. Co-immunoprecipitation for TRF1/TRF2 and DNA repair factors; telomere FISH; DNA damage foci at telomeres; epistasis analysis with BLM International journal of molecular sciences Medium 41898498
2019 In porcine oocytes Esco2 localizes to chromosomes (distinct from Esco1 on spindle apparatus), and depletion accelerates meiotic progression (precocious polar body extrusion) and inactivates spindle assembly checkpoint. Esco2 associates with histone H4 and acetylates H4K16 to modulate kinetochore function in meiosis I. siRNA microinjection in porcine oocytes; immunofluorescence; in vitro acetyltransferase assay; Co-IP with histone H4 Cell cycle Medium 31387516
2012 ESCO2 colocalizes with H2AFX (γH2AX) in pachytene spermatocytes (XY body) and in pachytene oocytes, suggesting ESCO2 is present at sites of double-strand breaks during meiotic prophase. Esco2 expression in postnatal testis is regulated by retinoic acid. Immunofluorescence co-localization in murine germ cells; microarray-guided candidate selection; retinoic acid treatment Biology of reproduction Low 22699483

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 89 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Roberts syndrome is caused by mutations in ESCO2, a human homolog of yeast ECO1 that is essential for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Nature genetics 296 15821733
2005 Inactivating mutations in ESCO2 cause SC phocomelia and Roberts syndrome: no phenotype-genotype correlation. American journal of human genetics 107 16380922
2013 Quantifying translational coupling in E. coli synthetic operons using RBS modulation and fluorescent reporters. ACS synthetic biology 97 23654261
2011 Cohesin acetyltransferase Esco2 is a cell viability factor and is required for cohesion in pericentric heterochromatin. The EMBO journal 96 22101327
2008 The molecular mechanism underlying Roberts syndrome involves loss of ESCO2 acetyltransferase activity. Human molecular genetics 95 18411254
2017 Esco1 and Esco2 regulate distinct cohesin functions during cell cycle progression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82 28847955
2015 Esco1 Acetylates Cohesin via a Mechanism Different from That of Esco2. Current biology : CB 78 26051894
2011 A zebrafish model of Roberts syndrome reveals that Esco2 depletion interferes with development by disrupting the cell cycle. PloS one 61 21637801
1995 Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of the Whole-Cell/Recombinant B Subunit (WC/rBS) Oral Cholera Vaccine Against Travelers' Diarrhea. Journal of travel medicine 60 9815355
2009 The cellular phenotype of Roberts syndrome fibroblasts as revealed by ectopic expression of ESCO2. PloS one 57 19738907
2009 Destruction of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi round-body propagules (RBs) by the antibiotic tigecycline. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50 19843691
2006 A homozygous frameshift mutation in the ESCO2 gene: evidence of intertissue and interindividual variation in Nmd efficiency. Journal of cellular physiology 50 16775838
2009 Phenotypic variability in 49 cases of ESCO2 mutations, including novel missense and codon deletion in the acetyltransferase domain, correlates with ESCO2 expression and establishes the clinical criteria for Roberts syndrome. Journal of medical genetics 49 19574259
2018 The replicative helicase MCM recruits cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2 to mediate centromeric sister chromatid cohesion. The EMBO journal 48 29930102
2018 Translation efficiency of heterologous proteins is significantly affected by the genetic context of RBS sequences in engineered cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microbial cell factories 45 29499707
2021 ESCO2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by regulating hnRNPA1 acetylation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 44 33573689
2015 Impulse control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RBs) in Parkinson's disease patients: Assessment using "Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease" (QUIP). Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 39 25745311
2019 Multivalent interaction of ESCO2 with the replication machinery is required for sister chromatid cohesion in vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 37 31879348
2012 Safety of the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, killed whole-cell (rBS-WC) oral cholera vaccine in pregnancy. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 32 22848772
2021 Direct RBS Engineering of the biosynthetic gene cluster for efficient productivity of violaceins in E. coli. Microbial cell factories 31 33557849
2015 Esco2 regulates cx43 expression during skeletal regeneration in the zebrafish fin. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 31 26434741
1992 Structural homology between rbs repressor and ribose binding protein implies functional similarity. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 31 1304370
2018 Temporal Regulation of ESCO2 Degradation by the MCM Complex, the CUL4-DDB1-VPRBP Complex, and the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Current biology : CB 30 30100344
2020 Enhanced Production of Bacterial Cellulose in Komagataeibacter xylinus Via Tuning of Biosynthesis Genes with Synthetic RBS. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 29 32627756
1999 Ribose utilization in Lactobacillus sakei: analysis of the regulation of the rbs operon and putative involvement of a new transporter. Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology 29 10941799
2017 Cohesin acetyltransferase Esco2 regulates SAC and kinetochore functions via maintaining H4K16 acetylation during mouse oocyte meiosis. Nucleic acids research 28 28934466
2010 RB's original CIN? Genes & development 28 20551167
2008 Esco2 is a novel corepressor that associates with various chromatin modifying enzymes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 18501190
2015 Variations in dysfunction of sister chromatid cohesion in esco2 mutant zebrafish reflect the phenotypic diversity of Roberts syndrome. Disease models & mechanisms 27 26044958
2023 ATM-ESCO2-SMC3 axis promotes 53BP1 recruitment in response to DNA damage and safeguards genome integrity by stabilizing cohesin complex. Nucleic acids research 25 37377435
2009 Cost-benefit of WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine for vaccination against ETEC-caused travelers' diarrhea. Journal of travel medicine 24 19192125
1995 Community-based assessment of safety and immunogenicity of the whole cell plus recombinant B subunit (WC/rBS) oral cholera vaccine in Peru. Vaccine 23 7668039
2019 Cul4-Ddb1 ubiquitin ligases facilitate DNA replication-coupled sister chromatid cohesion through regulation of cohesin acetyltransferase Esco2. PLoS genetics 21 30779731
1992 Antitumor effect of RBS (rice bran saccharide) on ENNG-induced carcinogenesis. Biotherapy (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 21 1622734
2018 ESCO2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 29330052
2018 ESCO2 inhibits tumor metastasis via transcriptionally repressing MMP2 in colorectal cancer. Cancer management and research 20 30538563
2017 Cohesin mediates Esco2-dependent transcriptional regulation in a zebrafish regenerating fin model of Roberts Syndrome. Biology open 19 29084713
2012 The non-redundant function of cohesin acetyltransferase Esco2: some answers and new questions. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 19 22614755
1994 The citrulline biosynthetic operon, argC-F, and a ribose transport operon, rbs, from Bacillus subtilis are negatively regulated by Spo0A. Molecular microbiology 19 7511775
1996 The proteins encoded by the rbs operon of Escherichia coli: I. Overproduction, purification, characterization, and functional analysis of RbsA. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 18 8762140
1996 The proteins encoded by the rbs operon of Escherichia coli: II. Use of chimeric protein constructs to isolate and characterize RbsC. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 17 8762141
2021 RBS and Promoter Strengths Determine the Cell-Growth-Dependent Protein Mass Fractions and Their Optimal Synthesis Rates. ACS synthetic biology 16 34767708
2020 Non-redundant roles in sister chromatid cohesion of the DNA helicase DDX11 and the SMC3 acetyl transferases ESCO1 and ESCO2. PloS one 16 31935221
2019 The role of ESCO2, SALL4 and TBX5 genes in the susceptibility to thalidomide teratogenesis. Scientific reports 15 31388035
2011 Esco2 promotes neuronal differentiation by repressing Notch signaling. Cellular signalling 14 21777673
2009 Reduction of travellers' diarrhoea by WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine in young, high-risk travellers. Vaccine 13 19376179
2022 Real-time monitoring of subcellular states with genetically encoded redox biosensor system (RBS) in yeast cell factories. Biosensors & bioelectronics 12 36521204
2010 Distance between RBS and AUG plays an important role in overexpression of recombinant proteins. Analytical biochemistry 12 20570627
2022 Esco2 and cohesin regulate CRL4 ubiquitin ligase ddb1 expression and thalidomide teratogenicity. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 11 34989322
2012 Localization and regulation of murine Esco2 during male and female meiosis. Biology of reproduction 11 22699483
2009 Effectiveness and economic analysis of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rbs) inactivated oral cholera vaccine in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea. BMC infectious diseases 11 19445712
2008 Prenatal diagnosis of Roberts syndrome and detection of an ESCO2 frameshift mutation in a Pakistani family. Prenatal diagnosis 11 18186147
2006 The combined effect of platelet storage media and intercept pathogen reduction technology on platelet activation/activability and cellular apoptosis/necrosis: Lisbon-RBS experience. Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis 11 16574488
2023 Circular RNA METTL15/miR-374a-5p/ESCO2 axis induces colorectal cancer development. Acta biochimica Polonica 9 37715994
1998 Deriving ribosomal binding site (RBS) statistical models from unannotated DNA sequences and the use of the RBS model for N-terminal prediction. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 9 9697189
2023 RBS: A Rotational Coding Based on Blocking Strategy for DNA Storage. IEEE transactions on nanobioscience 8 37028365
2024 ESCO2's oncogenic role in human tumors: a pan-cancer analysis and experimental validation. BMC cancer 7 38605349
2020 Juberg-Hayward syndrome and Roberts syndrome are allelic, caused by mutations in ESCO2. Archives of oral biology 7 32977150
2023 The cohesin modifier ESCO2 is stable during DNA replication. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 6 36708487
2021 Juberg-Hayward syndrome is a cohesinopathy, caused by mutation in ESCO2. European journal of orthodontics 6 32255174
2021 Molecular Profiling Reveals Involvement of ESCO2 in Intermediate Progenitor Cell Maintenance in the Developing Mouse Cortex. Stem cell reports 6 33798452
2020 Meiotic sex chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis are supported by Esco2. Life science alliance 6 32051254
2020 RED BREAST SYNDROME (RBS) ASSOCIATED TO THE USE OF POLYGLYCOLIC MESH IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE REPORT. Acta chirurgiae plasticae 6 32911943
1993 Dibutyryl cyclic AMP enhances the down-regulation of RB protein during G1 phase in the proliferating primary rat hepatocytes, but inhibits their entries into S phase and RB's phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 8395839
2023 ESCO2 promotes hypopharyngeal carcinoma progression in a STAT1-dependent manner. BMC cancer 5 37968576
2020 Roberts syndrome in an Indian patient with humeroradial synostosis, congenital elbow contractures and a novel homozygous splice variant in ESCO2. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 5 32783269
1996 [Community trial for safety and immunogenicity of oral-administered lyophilized rBS-WC cholera vaccine]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 5 9388905
1996 Serum and Intestinal Antitoxin Antibody Responses after Immunization with the Whole-Cell/Recombinant B Subunit (WC/rBS) Oral Cholera Vaccine in North American and Mexican Volunteers. Journal of travel medicine 5 9815442
2022 Long noncoding RNA ZFPM2-AS1 regulates renal cell carcinoma progression via miR-130a-3p/ESCO2. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 4 35258173
2024 Limb reduction in an Esco2 cohesinopathy mouse model is mediated by p53-dependent apoptosis and vascular disruption. Nature communications 3 39168984
2023 Complex cerebrovascular diseases in Roberts syndrome caused by novel biallelic ESCO2 variations. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 3 37002187
2019 Distinct roles of cohesin acetyltransferases Esco1 and Esco2 in porcine oocyte meiosis I. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 3 31387516
2019 Report of the Phenotype of a Patient with Roberts Syndrome and a Rare ESCO2 Variant. Journal of pediatric genetics 3 31976146
2007 Development of a new-type riboswitch using an aptazyme and an anti-RBS sequence. Nucleic acids symposium series (2004) 3 18029750
1990 Augmentation of host defense against bacterial infection pretreated intraperitoneally with an alpha-glucan RBS in mice. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 3 2266231
2025 ESCO2 drives breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation: A potential therapeutic target. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 2 40796045
2018 A Novel Frameshift Mutation in ESCO2 Gene in Roberts Syndrome. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2 29690975
2015 Systematic Biological Filter Design with a Desired I/O Filtering Response Based on Promoter-RBS Libraries. IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics 2 26357282
2014 The Roberts syndrome: a case report of an infant with valvular aortic stenosis and mutation in ESCO2. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2 24864645
2025 ESCO2 inhibition induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer via the P53-CDK1 axis and the BAX/Bcl2/caspase signaling cascade. Frontiers in oncology 1 40708936
2024 Case report: The evolving phenotype of ESCO2 spectrum disorder in a 15-year-old Malaysian child. Frontiers in genetics 1 38288163
2020 Characterization of Putative Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain RBS Isolated from a Saltern, Tunisia: Effect of Metal Ion Cofactors on the Structure and the Activity of LasB. BioMed research international 1 32775429
2026 Immune-focused RBD nanoparticles induce cross-reactive, RBS-directed responses capable of variant-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. PLoS pathogens 0 41712614
2026 Evaluation of immune protective efficacy of recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine containing RBS of influenza virus subtype H1N1. Microbial pathogenesis 0 41713625
2026 ESCO2 Interacts with TRF1/2 and Facilitates Telomere Maintenance. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41898498
2025 Effectiveness of rBS/WC cholera vaccine against bacterial infectious diarrhea: A test-negative study on children aged 2-6 years in Guangzhou China. Vaccine 0 40294478
2025 ESCO2 promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway. Journal of Cancer 0 40657363
2025 The expression of establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2 (ESCO2) in tumor cells and its research progress as a therapeutic target. European journal of medical research 0 41053890
2014 [Modulating expression of key genes within β-carotene synthetic pathway in recombinant Escherichia coli with RBS library to improve β-carotene production]. Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology 0 25423749

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