| 1996 |
DMP1 (cyclin D-interacting myb-like protein 1; DMTF1) was identified as a novel transcription factor that binds specifically to the nonamer DNA consensus sequence CCCG(G/T)ATGT to activate transcription. It binds D-type cyclins (D1, D2, D3) directly in vitro and when coexpressed in Sf9 insect cells, and can be phosphorylated by cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4/CDK6 in both settings. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, in vitro binding assay, Sf9 co-expression, kinase assay, DNA binding/reporter assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
8887674
|
| 1998 |
DMP1 (DMTF1) transcriptional activation of target gene CD13/aminopeptidase N requires both its intact DNA-binding and transactivation domains, and is antagonized by D-type cyclins in a CDK-independent manner. DMP1 binds a GGA-core-containing Ets site (Ets C) in the CD13/APN promoter and synergizes with c-Myb to activate expression. Endogenous DMP1 was confirmed to bind this element in nuclear extracts from KG1a myeloid cells. |
Promoter reporter assay, EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay), deletion/mutation analysis, co-transfection with cyclin constructs |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9786929
|
| 2000 |
DMP1 (DMTF1) induces ARF tumor suppressor gene expression in mouse fibroblasts, leading to p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. DMP1-null MEFs bypass senescence, retain low p19ARF/Mdm2/p53 levels, and can be transformed by oncogenic Ha-Ras alone, phenocopying ARF-null or p53-null MEFs. Loss of DMP1 function compromises but does not eliminate ARF function. |
Gene targeting/knockout mouse, MEF culture, passage assays, oncogenic Ras transformation, karyotypic analysis, tumor induction experiments |
Genes & development |
High |
10898794
|
| 2001 |
Dmp1 (DMTF1) is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression; Dmp1+/- mice develop spontaneous tumors and show accelerated E-mu-Myc-induced B-cell lymphoma with reduced frequency of p53 mutations or ARF deletion, demonstrating that Dmp1 loss functionally substitutes for ARF/p53 pathway inactivation in vivo. |
Dmp1 heterozygous and null mouse models, E-mu-Myc lymphoma crosses, tumor latency analysis, molecular analysis of ARF/p53 status in tumors |
Genes & development |
High |
11711428
|
| 2003 |
DMP1 mRNA expression in osteocytes (but not osteoblasts) increases up to 3.7-fold within 6 hours of mechanical loading in the mouse tooth movement model, demonstrating that DMP1 is mechanosensitively regulated in osteocytes. |
In situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, quantitative mRNA analysis in mouse tooth movement mechanical loading model |
Journal of bone and mineral research |
Medium |
12733719
|
| 2004 |
Dmp1-deficient mice develop severe postnatal chondrogenesis defects including expanded proliferating and hypertrophic zones, delayed secondary ossification, increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis in the hypertrophic zone, and impaired blood vessel invasion in epiphyses, demonstrating DMP1 is essential for normal postnatal chondrogenesis. |
Gene-targeted knockout mice, histology, immunohistochemistry, BrdU proliferation assay, TUNEL apoptosis assay, micro-CT |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
15590631
|
| 2005 |
The Dmp1 (DMTF1) promoter is activated by oncogenic Ha-Ras(V12) through Raf-MEK-ERK signaling; induction of p19Arf and p21Cip1 by oncogenic Raf is compromised in Dmp1-null cells; a Ras-responsive element was mapped to the 5' leader where Fos/Jun proteins bind. Dmp1 promoter activation by Ras(V12) requires Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB). Endogenous Dmp1 binds the Dmp1/Ets site on the Arf promoter upon oncogenic Raf activation, placing Dmp1 as the critical intermediary linking Ras-Raf oncogenic signaling to Arf-p53 activation. |
Primary cell culture, promoter reporter assays, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, Dmp1-null MEFs, MEK inhibitors |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
15601844
|
| 2005 |
DMP1 depletion in vivo results in decreased mineral-to-matrix ratio and increased crystal size/perfection in bone, indicating DMP1 has both direct roles in mineral formation and crystal growth, and indirect roles via regulation of Ca×P concentrations and matrix turnover. |
FTIR imaging spectroscopy (FTIRI), histology, micro-CT, serum calcium/phosphate measurement in dmp1 null mice |
Journal of bone and mineral research |
Medium |
16294270
|
| 2006 |
Loss of DMP1 in mice results in defective osteocyte maturation and increased FGF23 expression in osteocytes, leading to renal phosphate-wasting (hypophosphatemia) and pathological bone mineralization defects (rickets/osteomalacia). Human DMP1 mutations (start codon Met1Val and 7-bp deletion in C-terminus) cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets with elevated FGF23, establishing a bone-renal axis whereby DMP1 in osteocytes regulates FGF23 and phosphate homeostasis. |
Dmp1 knockout mouse phenotyping, immunohistochemistry, FGF23 measurement, mutational analysis in human patients, serum biochemistry |
Nature genetics |
High |
17033621 17033625
|
| 2006 |
Re-expression of DMP1 under the Col1a1 promoter in early odontoblasts fully rescued mineralization defects, dentinal tubule abnormalities, and third molar development in Dmp1-null mice; re-expression in mature odontoblasts (Dspp promoter) gave only partial rescue. This demonstrates DMP1 is required in both early and late odontoblasts for normal dentinogenesis and odontoblast differentiation. |
Transgenic rescue in Dmp1-null mice, fluorochrome labeling of dentin, histology, confocal microscopy |
Developmental biology |
High |
17196192
|
| 2007 |
Dmp1 (DMTF1) expression is repressed by E2F proteins upon mitogenic signaling (S to G2/M phase); subsets of E2Fs 1-4 bind the Dmp1 promoter and inhibit its activity. Dmp1 and Ki67 are expressed in mutually exclusive fashion in tissues, consistent with Dmp1 being a marker of post-mitotic, differentiated cells whose expression is E2F-dependent. |
Immunohistochemistry, double-staining (Dmp1/Ki67), ChIP, promoter reporter assay, E2F dominant-positive cells |
Oncogene |
Medium |
16878159
|
| 2007 |
ASARM peptides derived from DMP1 and MEPE are potent inhibitors of mineralization (minhibins). In HYP BMSCs, massive degradation of MEPE and DMP1 occurs. ASARM peptides directly cause mineralization defects: WT BMSCs fail to mineralize when treated with ASARM peptide, and HYP BMSCs mineralize normally when treated with anti-ASARM antibodies or SPR4 peptide. SPR4 peptide binds ASARM peptide (confirmed by SPR and 2D NMR), reversing the mineralization defect. |
BMSC coculture mineralization assays, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), 2D 1H/15N NMR, Western blot, anti-ASARM antibody neutralization |
Endocrinology |
High |
18162525
|
| 2007 |
Dmp1 (DMTF1) loss of heterozygosity occurs in ~40% of human non-small cell lung carcinomas in mutually exclusive fashion with ARF/p53 mutations; Dmp1 deletion in K-ras(LA) mice shortened survival (~15 weeks) and reduced p53 mutation frequency in lung tumors, establishing DMP1 as a pivotal tumor suppressor linking K-ras oncogenic signaling to Arf/p53 in lung cancer. |
LOH analysis in human tumors, K-ras(LA) mouse crosses with Dmp1+/- and Dmp1-/-, survival analysis, molecular analysis of p53 mutation status |
Cancer cell |
High |
17936562
|
| 2007 |
The NF-κB subunit p65 represses the Dmp1 (DMTF1) promoter in response to anthracyclins/UV-C treatment; p65 binds to the Dmp1 promoter, reducing Dmp1 mRNA and protein levels, which in turn decreases Arf expression. This identifies NF-κB as a repressor of the Dmp1-Arf pathway under genotoxic stress. |
Promoter reporter assay, ChIP, p65 knockdown, Dmp1-/- cells, Arf promoter analysis |
Oncogene |
Medium |
17546045
|
| 2008 |
FGF23 is causally required downstream of DMP1 loss for the hypophosphatemia and diffuse osteomalacia phenotype in Dmp1-null mice: Dmp1-/-/Fgf23-/- compound mice lack detectable FGF23, and their serum phosphate/1,25(OH)2D levels are identical to Fgf23-/- mice, with transformation of the diffuse rickets phenotype into the focal osteomalacia of Fgf23-/- mice. |
Compound knockout mouse generation, serum biochemistry (FGF23, phosphate, 1,25(OH)2D), bone histomorphometry, FGF23-eGFP reporter |
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism |
High |
18559986
|
| 2008 |
DMP1 is proteolytically cleaved into a 37-kDa N-terminal and a 57-kDa C-terminal fragment in all cell lines tested (293EBNA, CHO, 2T3). This cleavage is blocked by a furin protease inhibitor (decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethyl ketone) in a dose-dependent manner. Coexpression of PHEX had no apparent effect on DMP1 cleavage in 293EBNA cells, indicating PHEX is not the protease responsible for DMP1 processing. |
Cell transfection/expression in multiple cell lines, Western blot, furin inhibitor treatment, PHEX co-expression |
Cells, tissues, organs |
Medium |
18728349
|
| 2008 |
DMP1 M1V mutation prevents sorting to the trans-Golgi network and secretory pathway (protein fills entire cytoplasm), while the 1484-1490 deletion mutant localizes to the TGN and is secreted similarly to wild-type DMP1. The last 18 native C-terminal residues of DMP1 are not critical for cellular trafficking, but the 33 non-native residues from the deletion compromise processing. DMP1 mRNA and protein are upregulated ~12-fold by 1,25(OH)2D in UMR-106 cells. |
Immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, Western blot, expression constructs in cells, vitamin D treatment of UMR-106 cells |
Bone |
Medium |
19007919
|
| 2009 |
MMP-2 cleaves DMP1 (both recombinant and native forms in dentin matrix) to produce two major peptides; the C-terminal peptide promotes differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells to an odontoblast phenotype in vitro, and induces rapid formation of a homogeneous dentin bridge with DMP1/DSP-expressing polarized cells in an in vivo rat injured pulp model. |
In vitro MMP-2 cleavage of recombinant DMP1 and dentin matrix, BMSC/dental pulp stem cell differentiation assays, in vivo rat pulp injury model, immunohistochemistry |
European cells & materials |
Medium |
19908197
|
| 2010 |
DMP1 signals via αvβ3 integrin at the cell surface: extracellular DMP1 triggers focal adhesion formation, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, and downstream activation of ERK and JNK (MAPK pathways) in human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells. Activated phospho-JNK translocates to the nucleus and upregulates c-Jun-mediated transcription. These effects are blocked by anti-αvβ3 integrin antibody. |
Cell treatment with recombinant DMP1, focal adhesion staining, Western blot for pFAK/pERK/pJNK, nuclear fractionation, anti-integrin antibody blockade, reporter assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
21642437
|
| 2010 |
DMP1-mediated endocytosis triggers a rise in cytosolic calcium in preosteoblasts, which activates store-operated calcium release and stress-induced p38 MAPK, leading to p38 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Runx2, thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation. Chelation of intracellular calcium or pharmacological inhibition of p38 suppressed differentiation. |
DMP1 treatment of preosteoblasts, calcium imaging, p38 MAPK inhibitors, dominant negative plasmid, Western blot for Runx2 |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
20841352
|
| 2010 |
Full-length DMP1 is an inactive precursor; its proteolytic processing (cleavage at Asp213) is an activation step essential for biological function in osteogenesis. Transgenic expression of cleavage-resistant D213A-DMP1 in Dmp1-KO mice fails to rescue skeletal phenotypes, while normal DMP1 fully rescues them. |
Transgenic mice expressing D213A mutant DMP1 on Dmp1-KO background, Western blot, radiological and morphological phenotyping, crossbreeding with normal DMP1 transgene as control |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
20663874
|
| 2010 |
The 37-kDa N-terminal and 57-kDa C-terminal DMP1 fragments have distinct spatial distributions: in rat molar, N-terminal is in predentin while C-terminal is in mineralized dentin; in growth plate, N-terminal is in proliferating/hypertrophic zones, C-terminal in ossification zone. Predentin is rich in DMP1-PG (proteoglycan form); mineralized dentin primarily contains C-terminal fragment. Both fragments colocalize in odontoblasts/predentin (confirmed by FRET). |
Immunofluorescence with fragment-specific antibodies, confocal microscopy, FRET analysis, Western blot of bovine tooth fractions |
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry |
Medium |
18854597
|
| 2010 |
The HER2/neu oncogene activates the Dmp1 (DMTF1) promoter through the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway (p65 and p52 subunits bind the Dmp1 promoter), which in turn stimulates Arf transcription. This pathway is active in premalignant mammary lesions; mammary tumorigenesis is significantly accelerated in Dmp1+/- and Dmp1-/- mice crossed with MMTV-neu. |
Promoter reporter assay, ChIP (p65/p52 binding to Dmp1 promoter, Dmp1 binding to Arf promoter), MMTV-neu mouse crosses with Dmp1-null mice, IHC of premalignant lesions |
Cancer research |
High |
21062982
|
| 2011 |
The 57-kDa C-terminal fragment of DMP1 is the functional domain responsible for osteocyte maturation, phosphate homeostasis, and FGF23 regulation: transgenic expression of just the 57-kDa fragment (under Col1 3.6kb promoter) fully rescues growth plate defects, osteomalacia, osteocyte maturation/lacunocanalicular system defects, elevated FGF23, and hypophosphatemia in Dmp1-null mice—as well as full-length DMP1. |
Transgenic rescue in Dmp1-null mice (57-kDa fragment vs. full-length), micro-CT, histomorphometry, FGF23 ELISA, serum phosphate, osteocyte morphology |
Journal of bone and mineral research |
High |
20734454
|
| 2011 |
PHEX and DMP1 regulate FGF23 expression through a common pathway involving FGFR signaling in osteocytes: compound Hyp/Dmp1-/- mice show non-additive FGF23 elevations; FGFR pathway gene expression is similarly activated in all mutant groups; inhibiting FGFR signaling with SU5402 prevents increased Fgf23 mRNA in both Hyp- and Dmp1-/--derived bone marrow stromal cells. |
Compound knockout mice (Hyp/Dmp1-/-), serum FGF23/phosphate measurements, bone mineral density, microarray gene expression, FGFR inhibitor (SU5402) treatment of bone marrow stromal cells |
FASEB journal |
High |
21507898
|
| 2011 |
DMP1 proteolytic processing at Asp213 is also essential for normal dentin, cementum, and jaw bone formation: cleavage-resistant D213A-DMP1 is not cleaved in dentin and fails to rescue dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone defects in Dmp1-KO mice. |
Transgenic mice with D213A-DMP1 on Dmp1-KO background, histology, Western blot, radiological analysis |
Journal of dental research |
Medium |
21297011
|
| 2011 |
Phosphorylated DMP1 facilitates organized mineralization of collagen fibrils and induces formation of organized mineral bundles even without collagen in vitro; phosphorylation profoundly affects its mineralization-regulating activity. Full-length DMP1 and its fragments (37K, 57K, DMP1-PG) have distinct effects: 37K and 57K promote hydroxyapatite formation while DMP1-PG inhibits it; full-length DMP1 undergoes slight conformational change upon HA binding while fragments do not. |
In vitro calcium phosphate mineralization assays, FTIR spectroscopy, gelatin-gel system, phosphorylated vs. dephosphorylated protein comparison |
Biomacromolecules / Journal of dental research |
High |
20200415 21736373
|
| 2012 |
Dmp1 (DMTF1) physically interacts with p53 directly via the carboxyl-terminus of p53 and the DNA-binding domain of Dmp1 in mammalian cells. Dmp1 expression antagonizes Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 and promotes nuclear localization of p53. This Arf-independent mechanism synergistically activates p53 target genes and enhances genotoxic responses. |
Co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian cells, p53 ubiquitination assay, nuclear localization assays, gene expression in p53-/-;Arf-/- cells, domain mapping |
Cancer research |
High |
22331460
|
| 2012 |
Dmp1 (DMTF1) directly activates transcription of amphiregulin, thrombospondin-1, JunB, and Egr1: Dmp1 binds genomic loci of these targets (confirmed by ChIP), and their expression is significantly altered in Dmp1-null and Dmp1-heterozygous mouse lungs. |
Microarray of Dmp1-null vs. wild-type lungs, ChIP for Dmp1 binding to target loci, transient transfection reporter assays, RT-PCR validation |
International journal of cancer |
Medium |
19816943
|
| 2012 |
Cyclin D1 bound to Dmp1 (DMTF1) activates both Arf and Ink4a promoters, inducing apoptosis or G2/M delay in normal cells. This cyclin D1-induced Ink4a/Arf expression is fully dependent on Dmp1 (absent in Dmp1-deficient or DMP1-depleted cells), revealing that cyclin D1 anti-tumor activity is mediated through Dmp1. |
MMTV-cyclin D1 crosses with Dmp1-null mice, promoter reporter assays, Arf/Ink4a expression analyses, apoptosis assays |
The American journal of pathology |
Medium |
23938323
|
| 2013 |
DSPP is a downstream effector of DMP1 in dentinogenesis: DMP1 and its 57-kDa C-terminal fragment significantly upregulate the Dspp promoter in vitro; endogenous DSPP is markedly reduced in Dmp1-KO mice; transgenic DSPP expression rescues tooth and alveolar bone defects of Dmp1-KO mice; DMP1 expression is unchanged in Dspp-KO mice. |
Dmp1-KO/DSPP-Tg transgenic rescue mice, Dspp-KO mice, in vitro promoter reporter assay, Western blot, histology |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23349460
|
| 2013 |
KLF4 directly binds the Dmp1 promoter and transactivates its expression, promoting odontoblastic differentiation; KLF4 overexpression upregulates Dmp1, Dspp, and Alp, while KLF4 knockdown reduces them. Forced expression of Dmp1 in KLF4 knockdown cells significantly recovers odontoblastic differentiation, placing Dmp1 downstream of Klf4. |
ChIP, EMSA, dual luciferase promoter assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression in mDPC6T cells, qRT-PCR, mineralization nodule assay |
Journal of cellular physiology |
Medium |
23558921
|
| 2015 |
DMP1β, an alternative splice isoform of the DMP1 locus, is sufficient to induce mammary gland hyperplasia and multifocal tumor lesions in MMTV-DMP1β transgenic mice; it increases proliferation of non-tumourigenic mammary epithelial cells and has opposing oncogenic function relative to the tumor-suppressive DMP1α isoform. |
MMTV-DMP1β transgenic mouse lines, cell proliferation assays, histological tumor analysis, RNA-seq, knockdown of endogenous DMP1 |
The Journal of pathology |
High |
25537728
|
| 2016 |
Glycosylation of DMP1 (at Ser89, the N-terminal proteoglycan form DMP1-PG) is essential for condylar cartilage chondrogenesis: S89G knock-in mice show reduced glycosylation, abnormal cartilage morphology, disordered chondrocyte arrangement, earlier TMJ osteoarthritis, downregulated chondrogenesis markers, and impaired TGF-β signaling in the mandibular condylar cartilage. |
S89G-DMP1 knock-in mouse model, histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, TGF-β pathway analysis, hyperocclusion model |
Journal of dental research |
Medium |
28759313
|
| 2016 |
Fam20C phosphorylates the C-terminal fragment of DMP1 within the Golgi apparatus of osteoblastic and young osteocytes; phosphorylated C-terminal DMP1 is secreted into the pericanalicular matrix of mineralized bone. Colocalization of Fam20C and C-terminal DMP1 in the Golgi was confirmed by immunofluorescence; phosphorylated C-terminal DMP1 in canalicular walls was shown by double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy. |
Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy in rat bone; Fam20C/DMP1 colocalization |
Histochemistry and cell biology |
Medium |
27614627
|
| 2019 |
DMP1 supplementation (genetic or pharmacological) in Col4a3-/- CKD mice prevents osteocyte apoptosis, preserves osteocyte networks, corrects bone mass, partially lowers FGF23 levels by attenuating NFAT-induced FGF23 transcription, and prevents left ventricular hypertrophy despite worsened hyperphosphatemia. CKD reduces endogenous DMP1 expression. |
Col4a3-/- CKD mouse model, genetic and pharmacological DMP1 supplementation, FGF23 ELISA, echocardiography, bone histomorphometry, NFAT pathway analysis |
Bone research |
Medium |
31044094
|
| 2019 |
DMP1 and its receptor GRP78 form a complex at the plasma membrane of periodontal ligament stem cells; this complex is internalized via the caveolin pathway and trafficked through early (Rab5+) and late (Rab7+) endosomes. DMP1 is ultimately transported to the nucleus where it promotes osteogenic differentiation. |
Total internal reflection microscopy, confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, TIRF imaging of receptor-ligand complex formation/internalization, qRT-PCR |
Frontiers in physiology |
Medium |
31572220
|
| 2014 |
Exogenous recombinant DMP1 acts as a direct, local negative regulator of FGF23 production in osteocytes/osteoblast-like cells: DMP1 treatment of UMR-106 and MC3T3-E1 cells significantly downregulates FGF23, and this effect is rescued by FAK inhibitor or MEK/ERK inhibitor, but not PI3K or ROCK inhibitors. DMP1 treatment elevates phospho-FAK, phospho-ERK, and phospho-p38, indicating FAK-mediated MAPK signaling mediates this effect. |
Recombinant DMP1 treatment of osteoblast/osteocyte-like cells, FGF23 ELISA, kinase inhibitors (FAK, MEK, PI3K, ROCK), Western blot for phosphoproteins, immunohistochemistry in rat femurs |
BoneKEy reports |
Medium |
24991406
|
| 2012 |
Nuclear localization of DMP1 (specifically the 57-kDa C-terminal fragment) is observed in a subpopulation of non-synchronized mesenchymal and osteoblast-like cells, suggesting a potential intracellular/nuclear regulatory role in addition to its extracellular matrix function. Nuclear DMP1 is restricted to the nucleoplasm. |
Immunofluorescence of endogenous and HA-tagged exogenous DMP1, Western blot, RT-PCR in three cell lines |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Low |
22813642
|
| 2015 |
PTH downregulates DMP1 gene transcription (~85%) and protein expression (~30%) via the cAMP/PKA pathway in cementoblasts. This was confirmed in vivo by decreased DMP1 immunolocalization in cementum/alveolar bone of PTH-treated mice. RNA-seq revealed PTH and 1,25D share overlapping gene regulatory programs including DMP1 repression. |
qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry in PTH-treated mice, cAMP/PKA pathway inhibitors, RNA-seq |
Journal of dental research |
Medium |
26276370
|
| 2024 |
A specific subset of Dmp1-expressing astrocytes regulates blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity by transferring mitochondria to endothelial cells via their endfeet. Deletion of Mfn2 in Dmp1-expressing astrocytes inhibits mitochondrial transfer and causes BBB leakage. Age-associated reduction in MFN2 in astrocytes reduces mitochondrial transfer efficiency and BBB integrity. |
Dmp1-Cre conditional Mfn2 knockout, BBB permeability assays, mitochondria transfer imaging, confocal microscopy, aging comparison |
Science advances |
Medium |
38941455
|