Affinage

DCDC2

Doublecortin domain-containing protein 2 · UniProt Q9UHG0

Length
476 aa
Mass
52.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
82 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

DCDC2 is a doublecortin domain-containing microtubule-associated protein that functions in ciliogenesis, ciliary signaling, and neuronal migration. It localizes along the ciliary axoneme and to mitotic spindle fibers in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, where it stabilizes microtubules and regulates ciliary length; loss of DCDC2 disrupts primary cilia formation in kidney epithelial cells and cholangiocytes, while overexpression induces cytosolic microtubule cables and elongated cilia (PMID:25557784, PMID:25601850, PMID:27469900). DCDC2 modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through physical interaction with Dishevelled (DVL) and suppression of β-catenin nuclear translocation, and activates Sonic Hedgehog signaling through its ciliary role; it also interacts with DYX1C1 and the centrosomal protein CPAP/CENPJ, displaying synergistic ciliary functions with DYX1C1 (PMID:21698230, PMID:37237337). In the neocortex, DCDC2 is partially redundant with Doublecortin (DCX) for neuronal migration, and its loss alters cortical excitability by upregulating NMDA receptor (Grin2B)-mediated neurotransmission, impairing spike-timing precision and auditory sequence processing (PMID:21689730, PMID:24094509, PMID:27122044). Biallelic DCDC2 mutations cause neonatal sclerosing cholangitis, a ciliopathy characterized by loss of cholangiocyte primary cilia (PMID:27469900).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Whether DCDC2 has a functional role in brain development was unknown; RNAi knockdown in rat neocortex established that DCDC2 is required for normal cortical neuronal migration.

    Evidence In utero RNAi in rat embryonic neocortex with histological analysis of neuronal position

    PMID:16278297

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which DCDC2 promotes migration (cytoskeletal vs. signaling) undefined
    • Whether DCDC2 acts cell-autonomously was not tested
  2. 2008 High

    Which protein domains mediate DCDC2's migration function was unresolved; domain dissection showed that the C-terminal and DCX domains make distinct contributions, with overexpression of full-length DCDC2 rescuing heterotopia but not laminar mispositioning.

    Evidence In utero electroporation of domain-truncation constructs in rat neocortex with postnatal histological analysis

    PMID:18313856

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding partners of each domain not identified
    • Relationship to microtubule binding not tested
  3. 2011 High

    Whether DCDC2 functions at the primary cilium was unknown; localization to neuronal primary cilia and functional assays showed that DCDC2 modulates ciliary length, Shh activation, and Wnt signaling, redefining it as a ciliary protein.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence co-localization with KIF3A in rat hippocampal neurons; overexpression/knockdown with Shh and Wnt reporter assays; C. elegans ciliated neuron validation

    PMID:21698230

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular mechanism of Wnt/Shh modulation at the cilium not determined
    • Whether ciliary and migration roles are separable was unclear
  4. 2011 High

    Whether DCDC2 loss alone is sufficient for migration defects in vivo was tested; Dcdc2 knockout mice showed no baseline migration phenotype but revealed functional redundancy with DCX, as combined loss exacerbated migration and dendritic defects.

    Evidence Dcdc2 KO mouse combined with Dcx RNAi; neuronal migration and dendritic analysis

    PMID:21689730

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of additional compensating family members beyond DCX unknown
    • Whether redundancy extends to ciliary functions untested
  5. 2012 Medium

    Whether DCDC2 associates with microtubules in non-neuronal contexts was unclear; in prostate cancer cells DCDC2 co-localizes with microtubules and promotes cell migration and taxol resistance, indicating microtubule-stabilizing activity.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence co-localization; migration and drug resistance assays in prostate cancer cells; ChIP showing ESE3/EHF-mediated transcriptional repression

    PMID:22733135

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical evidence for microtubule stabilization not provided
    • Whether microtubule association is through DCX domains specifically was not tested
  6. 2013 High

    How DCDC2 loss affects cortical circuit function was unknown; Dcdc2 KO mice showed elevated NMDAR (Grin2B) expression and impaired spike-timing precision, rescued by NMDAR antagonists, establishing a circuit-level mechanism downstream of DCDC2.

    Evidence Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology in Dcdc2 KO neocortex; RNA-seq; pharmacological rescue with APV and Ro 25-6981

    PMID:24094509

    Open questions at the time
    • How a ciliary/microtubule protein regulates NMDAR subunit transcription is mechanistically unexplained
    • Whether NMDAR changes are cell-autonomous or circuit-level adaptation unknown
  7. 2013 High

    How DCDC2 transcription is regulated was unknown; the intronic element READ1 was shown to bind transcription factor ETV6, linking regulatory variation at DCDC2 to reading/language impairment.

    Evidence Affinity pulldown with mass spectrometry identification of ETV6; EMSA validation; genetic association in reading-impaired cohorts

    PMID:23746548

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ETV6 activates or represses DCDC2 transcription in neurons not definitively resolved
    • Functional impact of different READ1 alleles on DCDC2 protein levels not measured
  8. 2014 High

    The precise subcellular localization and molecular partners at the cilium were incompletely defined; DCDC2 was shown to localize to the ciliary axoneme and mitotic spindle in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, physically interact with DVL, and inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling — with disease-associated mutations abolishing these activities.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence; co-immunoprecipitation with DVL; Wnt reporter assays; siRNA knockdown with WT vs. mutant rescue in IMCD3 cells; zebrafish morpholino validation

    PMID:25557784

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of DCDC2-DVL interaction unknown
    • How cell-cycle-dependent relocalization is regulated is unresolved
  9. 2015 High

    Whether DCDC2 functions in sensory cilia beyond the brain was unknown; DCDC2 was found along inner ear kinocilia, and a deafness-causing mutation caused ciliary branching and elongation, while overexpression induced cytosolic microtubule cables, supporting a general microtubule-stabilizing role.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence on rat inner ear neuroepithelia; GFP-tagged overexpression in COS7 cells; zebrafish morpholino knockdown with hair cell functional assays

    PMID:25601850

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether microtubule cable formation reflects physiological or overexpression artifact unclear
    • Direct microtubule polymerization assay not performed
  10. 2016 High

    Whether DCDC2 mutations cause human ciliopathy was established; patients with biallelic DCDC2 mutations presented neonatal sclerosing cholangitis with complete absence of cholangiocyte primary cilia, confirming DCDC2 as essential for ciliogenesis in vivo.

    Evidence Immunostaining and TEM of liver biopsies from NSC patients with DCDC2 mutations

    PMID:27319779 PMID:27469900

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other organs in these patients also show ciliopathy phenotypes not systematically assessed
    • Mechanism by which specific mutations block ciliogenesis vs. ciliary localization not distinguished
  11. 2016 High

    How DCDC2 transcription is coordinated with ciliogenesis was unclear; RFX transcription factors were shown to drive DCDC2 expression through X-box promoter motifs, with DCDC2 levels increasing upon ciliogenesis induction.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter assays with X-box motif constructs; EMSA; RFX knockdown/overexpression with RT-qPCR; immunofluorescence of endogenous DCDC2 along the axoneme in RPE1 cells

    PMID:27451412

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RFX regulation is the dominant pathway vs. ETV6 in different tissues unresolved
    • Epigenetic regulation of the DCDC2 locus not explored
  12. 2023 Medium

    Whether DCDC2 operates within a physical complex with other dyslexia-associated ciliary proteins was unknown; DCDC2 was shown to interact directly with DYX1C1 and the centrosomal protein CPAP/CENPJ at endogenous levels, with synergistic genetic interaction in zebrafish cilia.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation at endogenous levels in brain organoids and cell lines; zebrafish double morphant analysis; transcriptional cross-regulation assays

    PMID:37237337

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structural basis of the DCDC2-DYX1C1-CPAP complex undefined
    • Whether this complex is cilium-specific or also functions at the centrosome untested
  13. 2023 Medium

    Whether DCDC2 functions in the C. elegans cilium was unknown; the ortholog RPI-1 localizes to the entire ciliary axoneme (but not the transition zone) and is functionally redundant with NPHP-4 in regulating cilium length and position.

    Evidence Fluorescence-based ciliary marker analysis; null mutant phenotypic analysis; co-localization in C. elegans

    PMID:37529113

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NPHP4 redundancy is conserved in mammalian cilia not tested
    • Biochemical mechanism of length regulation by RPI-1 unresolved
  14. 2024 Medium

    Whether the Wnt-inhibitory function of DCDC2 is relevant to fibrotic disease was unexplored; DCDC2 overexpression suppressed hepatic stellate cell activation by blocking β-catenin nuclear translocation and attenuated liver fibrosis in vivo.

    Evidence DCDC2 overexpression in TGF-β1-stimulated HSC lines; nuclear fractionation; CCl4 mouse fibrosis model with AAV-DCDC2 delivery

    PMID:38658618

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the anti-fibrotic effect is cilium-dependent or cilium-independent unknown
    • Endogenous DCDC2 expression in stellate cells not characterized

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct biochemical mechanism by which DCDC2 stabilizes axonemal microtubules, how its cell-cycle-dependent relocalization from cilium to spindle is regulated, and how ciliary dysfunction leads to NMDAR upregulation and cortical circuit miswiring remain unresolved.
  • No in vitro microtubule polymerization/stabilization assay with purified DCDC2
  • No structural model of DCDC2 on microtubules or in complex with DVL/DYX1C1/CPAP
  • Causal link between ciliary defect and NMDAR transcriptional changes not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005929 cilium 5 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2
Partners
CENPJDCXDVL1DYX1C1ENO1KIF3A

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 RNAi-mediated knockdown of DCDC2 in rat neocortical progenitor cells disrupts neuronal migration, establishing a functional role for DCDC2 in cortical neuron migration. RNA interference (RNAi) in rat embryonic neocortex followed by histological analysis of neuronal migration Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16278297
2008 Embryonic knockdown of Dcdc2 in rat neocortex causes periventricular heterotopias and bimodal neuronal migration anomalies; overexpression of DCDC2 rescues the heterotopia phenotype but not the laminar migration defect. Domain dissection showed distinct contributions of the C-terminal and DCX domains. In utero RNAi knockdown and overexpression constructs (full-length, C-terminal domain, DCX domain) in rat neocortex with postnatal histological analysis Neuroscience High 18313856
2011 DCDC2 protein localizes to the primary cilium in primary rat hippocampal neurons and is found in proximity to the ciliary kinesin-2 subunit KIF3A. Overexpression of DCDC2 increases ciliary length and activates Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling, while Dcdc2 knockdown enhances Wnt signaling, indicating DCDC2 modulates ciliary signaling. Immunofluorescence localization, proximity co-localization with KIF3A, overexpression and RNAi knockdown with Shh and Wnt pathway reporter assays, DCDC2 overexpression in C. elegans ciliated neurons PloS one High 21698230
2011 Dcdc2 knockout mice show no baseline neuronal migration defect but display exacerbated neuronal migration and dendritic growth deficits when Dcx is additionally knocked down by RNAi, demonstrating partial functional redundancy between DCDC2 and Doublecortin (DCX). Dcdc2 knockout mouse phenotypic analysis combined with RNAi knockdown of Dcx; comparison of neuronal migration and dendritic differentiation between KO and wild-type backgrounds Neuroscience High 21689730
2011 Dcdc2 mutation in mice impairs long-term memory and visuo-spatial performance, establishing a direct behavioral link between Dcdc2 and cognitive function in the absence of overt neuronal migration disruption. Dcdc2 knockout mouse behavioral testing (visual discrimination, visuo-spatial memory task) with histological analysis Genes, brain, and behavior Medium 21883923
2013 The intronic DCDC2 regulatory element (READ1/BV677278) binds the transcription factor ETV6, and alleles of this element are associated with reading and language impairment, establishing ETV6 as a transcriptional regulator acting through READ1 within DCDC2. Nuclear protein identification by mass spectrometry from affinity pulldown of READ1-binding proteins; electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); genetic association studies American journal of human genetics High 23746548
2013 Dcdc2 mutation in mice increases neocortical neuron excitability, decreases temporal precision of action potential firing, and elevates NMDA receptor subunit Grin2B expression and functional NMDAR-mediated activity; treatment with NMDAR antagonists restores spike-timing precision. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology in Dcdc2 KO mice; RNA sequencing; RT-PCR; pharmacological rescue with APV and Ro 25-6981 Biological psychiatry High 24094509
2014 DCDC2 localizes to the ciliary axoneme and to mitotic spindle fibers in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. Knockdown of Dcdc2 in IMCD3 cells disrupts ciliogenesis, rescued by wild-type DCDC2 but not by disease-associated mutant constructs. DCDC2 interacts with DVL (Dishevelled) and overexpression inhibits β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling additively with Wnt inhibitors; patient mutations abolish these effects. Immunofluorescence localization, siRNA knockdown with rescue by WT vs. mutant constructs, co-immunoprecipitation of DCDC2 with DVL, Wnt/β-catenin reporter assays, 3D IMCD3 culture ciliogenesis assays, zebrafish dcdc2 morpholino knockdown with pharmacological rescue American journal of human genetics High 25557784
2014 Mutation of Dcdc2 enhances spontaneous and evoked glutamate release between layer 4 neurons in somatosensory cortex via non-postsynaptic NMDAR activation; this increased excitatory transmission is restricted to layer 4–layer 4 lateral connections and not thalamocortical connections. Whole-cell patch clamp with intracellular MK-801 to block postsynaptic NMDARs, evoked and spontaneous EPSC recordings in Dcdc2 KO vs. wild-type neocortex slices, pharmacological NMDAR blockade Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) High 26250775
2015 DCDC2a (DCDC2) localizes along the length of kinocilia of inner ear sensory hair cells and primary cilia of nonsensory supporting cells. A deafness-causing missense mutation causes ciliary structural defects (branching) and up to 3-fold increase in cilium length ratios. DCDC2a-GFP overexpression induces microtubule-based cytosolic cables, suggesting a role in microtubule formation and stabilization. Immunofluorescence on rat inner ear neuroepithelia; GFP-tagged overexpression in COS7 cells; zebrafish dcdc2b morpholino knockdown with functional hair cell assays Human molecular genetics High 25601850
2015 Dcdc2 knockdown in rats by in utero RNAi nearly eliminates the ability to identify speech sounds in continuous streams but does not impair discrimination of isolated speech sounds, and produces abnormal cortical neural plasticity after auditory training, placing Dcdc2 in auditory processing circuitry outside primary auditory cortex. In utero RNAi knockdown in rats; cortical electrophysiology (multi-unit recordings in A1); behavioral speech sound discrimination paradigms The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience High 27122044
2016 In neonatal sclerosing cholangitis patients with DCDC2 mutations, cholangiocytes lack primary cilia and show absent DCDC2 and acetylated alpha-tubulin immunostaining, establishing DCDC2 as essential for cholangiocyte ciliogenesis in vivo. Immunostaining for DCDC2 and acetylated alpha-tubulin in liver tissue from NSC patients; transmission electron microscopy of cholangiocytes Journal of hepatology High 27469900
2016 In NSC patients with DCDC2 missense mutations, mutated DCDC2 protein accumulates in the cytoplasm and is absent from cilia, associated with a ciliogenesis defect, while wild-type DCDC2 localizes to cytoplasm and cilia of cholangiocytes. Immunofluorescence of mutant vs. wild-type DCDC2 in cholangiocytes from patient liver tissue Human mutation Medium 27319779
2016 RFX transcription factors (RFX1, RFX2, RFX3) regulate DCDC2 expression through conserved X-box motifs in the DCDC2 promoter. Endogenous DCDC2 protein localizes along the entire axoneme of primary cilia in hTERT-RPE1 cells; ciliogenesis induction increases DCDC2 expression. Luciferase reporter assays with X-box motif constructs; electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA); RFX knockdown/overexpression with RT-qPCR of endogenous DCDC2; immunofluorescence of endogenous DCDC2 FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology High 27451412
2012 DCDC2 is aberrantly expressed in prostate tumors and is repressed in normal prostate by the ETS transcription factor ESE3/EHF binding to an ETS binding site in the DCDC2 promoter. In prostate cancer cells, DCDC2 co-localizes with microtubules and promotes cell migration and resistance to taxol. ChIP and reporter assays for ESE3/EHF binding to DCDC2 promoter; gain/loss-of-function of ESE3/EHF; immunofluorescence co-localization of DCDC2 with microtubules; migration assays; taxol resistance assays Oncogene Medium 22733135
2023 DYX1C1 and DCDC2 physically interact at the protein level, and each also interacts with the centrosomal protein CPAP (CENPJ); these interactions were confirmed at endogenous levels in multiple cell models including brain organoids. Synergistic genetic interaction between dyx1c1 and dcdc2b in zebrafish exacerbates ciliary phenotype. DYX1C1 and DCDC2 mutually regulate each other's transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation at exogenous and endogenous levels; brain organoid models; zebrafish double morphant analysis; transcriptional reporter assays BMC molecular and cell biology Medium 37237337
2022 C. elegans RPI-1 (ortholog of human DCDC2) localizes to the entire ciliary axoneme but is absent from the transition zone and basal body. RPI-1 and NPHP-4 (NPHP4) display functional redundancy in regulating cilia length and cilia position, revealed by rpi-1 null mutant analysis. Fluorescence-based ciliary marker analysis in C. elegans; null mutant generation and phenotypic analysis; co-localization studies Turkish journal of biology Medium 37529113
2024 DCDC2 inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, preventing β-catenin nuclear translocation, and reducing α-SMA and Col1α1 expression. DCDC2 also attenuates HSC proliferation and EMT-like processes. Exogenous DCDC2 ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in vivo. DCDC2 overexpression in TGF-β1-stimulated HSC lines; Western blot for α-SMA, Col1α1, β-catenin; nuclear fractionation; in vivo CCl4 mouse model with adeno-associated virus DCDC2 delivery Scientific reports Medium 38658618
2025 In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells, DCDC2 stabilizes ENO1, leading to enhanced AKT phosphorylation and increased expression of FGL1, which impairs CD8+ T cell functionality via the FGL1-LAG3 immune checkpoint axis. Co-immunoprecipitation of DCDC2-ENO1 interaction; protein stability assays; transcriptome analysis; dual-luciferase reporter assays; functional CD8+ T cell assays; xenograft and humanized PBMC mouse models Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 40533767
2023 In colorectal cancer cells, PBX1 acts as a transcription factor that suppresses DCDC2 expression, and the PBX1-DCDC2 axis controls Wnt pathway activity and spindle function; overexpression of DCDC2 rescues CRC proliferation and metastasis abilities suppressed by PBX1. PBX1 overexpression/knockdown with luciferase reporter and ChIP for DCDC2 promoter; DCDC2 overexpression rescue experiments; spindle formation analysis; in vitro and in vivo tumor growth/metastasis assays Oncogenesis Medium 36739270
2017 miR-645 directly targets DCDC2 mRNA (validated by luciferase reporter assay); silencing of DCDC2 rescues the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-645 knockdown on breast cancer cell migration and invasion, placing DCDC2 downstream of miR-645 in a pro-metastatic pathway. Luciferase reporter assay; miR-645 knockdown; DCDC2 siRNA rescue; wound-healing and transwell migration/invasion assays European review for medical and pharmacological sciences Low 29028086

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 82 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 DCDC2 is associated with reading disability and modulates neuronal development in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 283 16278297
2005 Strong genetic evidence of DCDC2 as a susceptibility gene for dyslexia. American journal of human genetics 172 16385449
2003 Ru2 and Ru encode mouse orthologs of the genes mutated in human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 5 and 6. Nature genetics 143 12548288
2011 DCDC2, KIAA0319 and CMIP are associated with reading-related traits. Biological psychiatry 126 21457949
2011 Increased expression of the dyslexia candidate gene DCDC2 affects length and signaling of primary cilia in neurons. PloS one 100 21698230
2014 DCDC2 mutations cause a renal-hepatic ciliopathy by disrupting Wnt signaling. American journal of human genetics 90 25557784
2015 A missense mutation in DCDC2 causes human recessive deafness DFNB66, likely by interfering with sensory hair cell and supporting cell cilia length regulation. Human molecular genetics 79 25601850
2010 Dyslexia and DCDC2: normal variation in reading and spelling is associated with DCDC2 polymorphisms in an Australian population sample. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 68 20068590
2012 DCDC2 genetic variants and susceptibility to developmental dyslexia. Psychiatric genetics 63 21881542
2009 The role of gene DCDC2 in German dyslexics. Annals of dyslexia 63 19238550
2008 Postnatal analysis of the effect of embryonic knockdown and overexpression of candidate dyslexia susceptibility gene homolog Dcdc2 in the rat. Neuroscience 63 18313856
2014 The DCDC2 intron 2 deletion impairs illusory motion perception unveiling the selective role of magnocellular-dorsal stream in reading (dis)ability. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 60 25270309
2016 Mutations in DCDC2 (doublecortin domain containing protein 2) in neonatal sclerosing cholangitis. Journal of hepatology 54 27469900
2016 DCDC2 Mutations Cause Neonatal Sclerosing Cholangitis. Human mutation 49 27319779
2013 Alleles of a polymorphic ETV6 binding site in DCDC2 confer risk of reading and language impairment. American journal of human genetics 49 23746548
2008 Polymorphism of DCDC2 Reveals Differences in Cortical Morphology of Healthy Individuals-A Preliminary Voxel Based Morphometry Study. Brain imaging and behavior 49 19096528
2008 Investigation of the DCDC2 intron 2 deletion/compound short tandem repeat polymorphism in a large German dyslexia sample. Psychiatric genetics 46 19018237
2014 Mutation of Dcdc2 in mice leads to impairments in auditory processing and memory ability. Genes, brain, and behavior 42 25130614
2010 Association of a rare variant with mismatch negativity in a region between KIAA0319 and DCDC2 in dyslexia. Behavior genetics 41 21104116
2014 The DCDC2/intron 2 deletion and white matter disorganization: focus on developmental dyslexia. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 37 24926531
2011 Dcdc2 knockout mice display exacerbated developmental disruptions following knockdown of doublecortin. Neuroscience 37 21689730
2013 The dyslexia-associated gene DCDC2 is required for spike-timing precision in mouse neocortex. Biological psychiatry 34 24094509
2016 Knockdown of Dyslexia-Gene Dcdc2 Interferes with Speech Sound Discrimination in Continuous Streams. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 31 27122044
2014 DCDC2 polymorphism is associated with left temporoparietal gray and white matter structures during development. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 31 25339756
2013 Analysis of genetic variants of dyslexia candidate genes KIAA0319 and DCDC2 in Indian population. Journal of human genetics 30 23677054
2013 Selective NO trapping in the pores of chain-type complex assemblies based on electronically activated paddlewheel-type [Ru2(II,II)]/[Rh2(II,II)] dimers. Journal of the American Chemical Society 29 24151906
2011 Mutation of the dyslexia-associated gene Dcdc2 impairs LTM and visuo-spatial performance in mice. Genes, brain, and behavior 29 21883923
2015 Strong motion deficits in dyslexia associated with DCDC2 gene alteration. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 27 26019324
2016 Ciliary dyslexia candidate genes DYX1C1 and DCDC2 are regulated by Regulatory Factor X (RFX) transcription factors through X-box promoter motifs. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 27451412
2012 Aberrant expression of the neuronal-specific protein DCDC2 promotes malignant phenotypes and is associated with prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 24 22733135
2012 Meta-analysis of the association between DCDC2 polymorphisms and risk of dyslexia. Molecular neurobiology 24 23229871
2015 Polymorphisms in DCDC2 and S100B associate with developmental dyslexia. Journal of human genetics 20 25877001
2015 Mutation of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene Dcdc2 Enhances Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission Between Layer 4 Neurons in Mouse Neocortex. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20 26250775
2005 A novel autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness locus, DFNB66, maps to chromosome 6p21.2-22.3 in a large Tunisian consanguineous family. Human heredity 20 16244493
1999 Structures of ruthenium-modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2(imidazole)2]SO4 x 10H2O. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 20 10089343
2012 Fragment-based Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Simulations of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Process of the Ru2+-Ru3+ Self-Exchange Electron Transfer. Journal of chemical theory and computation 18 23682243
2016 Association of DCDC2 Polymorphisms with Normal Variations in Reading Abilities in a Chinese Population. PloS one 16 27100778
2015 Everolimus Stabilizes Podocyte Microtubules via Enhancing TUBB2B and DCDC2 Expression. PloS one 16 26331477
2013 Detection of doublecortin domain-containing 2 (DCDC2), a new candidate tumor suppressor gene of hepatocellular carcinoma, by triple combination array analysis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 16 24034596
1997 Specific recognition of an rU2-N15-rU motif by VP55, the vaccinia virus poly(A) polymerase catalytic subunit. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 9395491
2017 The DCDC2 deletion is not a risk factor for dyslexia. Translational psychiatry 14 28742079
2015 Cooperative interaction between metallosurfactants, derived from the [Ru(2,2'-bpy)3](2+) complex, and DNA. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 13 26344065
2017 DCDC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese Uyghur children. Neural regeneration research 12 28400808
2024 DCDC2 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Scientific reports 11 38658618
2014 The role of DCDC2 genetic variants and low socioeconomic status in vulnerability to attention problems. European child & adolescent psychiatry 11 25012462
2014 UV-vis absorption spectrum of a novel Ru(II) complex intercalated in DNA: [Ru(2,2'-bipy)(dppz)(2,2'-ArPy)]⁺. Journal of molecular modeling 10 24562852
2023 Spindle function and Wnt pathway inhibition by PBX1 to suppress tumor progression via downregulating DCDC2 in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 9 36739270
2013 Condensation and salt-induced decondensation of DNA upon incorporation of a V-shaped luminescent [Ru2(bpy)4(mbpibH2)](4+). Journal of inorganic biochemistry 9 23999315
2021 White matter deficits correlate with visual motion perception impairments in dyslexic carriers of the DCDC2 genetic risk variant. Experimental brain research 8 34228165
2021 Integration of GWAS and brain transcriptomic analyses in a multiethnic sample of 35,245 older adults identifies DCDC2 gene as predictor of episodic memory maintenance. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 8 34873813
2019 Quantum Chemical Study of the Mechanism of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Heterotrinuclear Ru2 Mn Complex. ChemSusChem 8 30604589
2012 Association of polymorphisms in the DCDC2 gene with developmental dyslexia in the Han Chinese. Chinese medical journal 8 22490485
2011 DFNB66 and DFNB67 loci are non allelic and rarely contribute to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. European journal of medical genetics 8 21816241
2020 Biallelic mutations in DCDC2 cause neonatal sclerosing cholangitis in a Chinese family. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 7 32205117
2018 Evaluation of visual motion perception ability in mice with knockout of the dyslexia candidate susceptibility gene Dcdc2. Genes, brain, and behavior 7 29232042
2018 Worldwide distribution of the DCDC2 READ1 regulatory element and its relationship with phoneme variation across languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 7 29666269
2017 Downregulation of microRNA-645 suppresses breast cancer cell metastasis via targeting DCDC2. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 7 29028086
2020 Co-existence of ABCB11 and DCDC2 disease: Infantile cholestasis requires both next-generation sequencing and clinical-histopathologic correlation. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 6 32203204
2018 [Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis caused by DCDC2 variations in two siblings and literature review]. Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics 6 30078246
2013 The mouse ruby-eye 2(d) (ru2(d) /Hps5(ru2-d) ) allele inhibits eumelanin but not pheomelanin synthesis. Pigment cell & melanoma research 6 23672590
2023 Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis with novel mutations in DCDC2 (doublecortin domain-containing protein 2) in Chinese children. Frontiers in pediatrics 5 36816379
2021 Identifying Dyslexia: Link between Maze Learning and Dyslexia Susceptibility Gene, DCDC2, in Young Children. Developmental neuroscience 5 34186533
2019 Nephronophthisis due to a novel DCDC2 variant in a patient from African-Caribbean descent: A case report. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 5 31821705
2008 Synthesis and spectroscopic DNA binding studies of [Ru(phen)2(tbtc)]2+ and [Ru(2,9-dmp)2(tbtc)]2+. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 5 18462988
2023 Genetic and protein interaction studies between the ciliary dyslexia candidate genes DYX1C1 and DCDC2. BMC molecular and cell biology 4 37237337
2017 Study of Genetic Association With DCDC2 and Developmental Dyslexia in Hong Kong Chinese Children. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH 4 29081827
1997 Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of Two Phases of the Organometallic Chain Polymer [Ru(2){&mgr;(2):&mgr;(2):eta(2)-O(2)PMe(2)}(2)(CO)(4)](n)(). Inorganic chemistry 4 11670201
2023 Specific nanoarchitecture of silica nanoparticles codoped with the oppositely charged Mn2+ and Ru2+ complexes for dual paramagnetic-luminescent contrasting effects. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 3 36822334
2011 A novel deletion mutation of mouse ruby-eye 2 named ru2(d)/Hps5(ru2-d) inhibits melanocyte differentiation and its impaired differentiation is rescued by L-tyrosine. Zoological science 3 22035301
2024 Developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes DNAAF4, DCDC2, and NRSN1 are associated with brain function in fluently reading adolescents and young adults. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 2 38610086
2023 Biallelic known and novel DCDC2 variants in cholestatic liver disease: Phenotype-genotype observations in four children. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2 36938759
2023 DCDC2-Related Ciliopathy: Report of Six Polish Patients, Novel DCDC2 Variant, and Literature Review of Reported Cases. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2 37296768
2022 Two Cases With Neonatal Cholestasis and Renal Disorders Due to DCDC2 Mutation. Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2 35570614
2020 DCDC2 READ1 regulatory element: how temporal processing differences may shape language. Proceedings. Biological sciences 2 32486976
2012 A new mutation of mouse ruby-eye 2, ru2(d)/Hps5(ru2-d) inhibits eumelanin synthesis but stimulates pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes. Zoological science 2 23030338
2025 The DCDC2/ENO1 axis promotes tumor progression and immune evasion in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via activating FGL1-LAG3 checkpoint. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 1 40533767
2022 RPI-1 (human DCDC2) displays functional redundancy with Nephronophthisis 4 in regulating cilia biogenesis in C. elegans. Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi 1 37529113
2020 Hydrogen peroxide assisted photorelease of an anthraquinone-based ligand from [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-olate)]Cl in aqueous solution. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 1 32845949
2018 A pilot Indian family-based association study between dyslexia and Reelin pathway genes, DCDC2 and ROBO1, identifies modest association with a triallelic unit TAT in the gene RELN. Asian journal of psychiatry 1 30199849
2026 Bronchiectasis in a child with a homozygous DCDC2 gene mutation: A case report. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 0 41705222
2026 Bimodal silica nanoparticles co-doped with Mn2+and Ru2+complexes, variously conjugated with folates, for targeting cells and high hydrophilicity. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 0 41875681
2024 Portal hypertension in doublecortin domain-containing protein 2 (DCDC2)-related neonatal sclerosing cholangitis. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 0 39552453