Affinage

Showing SLAMF7 — CRACC is a alias.

SLAMF7

SLAM family member 7 · UniProt Q9NQ25

Length
335 aa
Mass
37.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SLAMF7 (CS1/CRACC) is a homophilic SLAM-family cell-surface receptor that bidirectionally tunes immune effector function, adhesion, and tumour-cell biology depending on the adaptors available in a given cell (PMID:12213321, PMID:19151721). It engages itself in trans, and recombinant or soluble SLAMF7-Ig is sufficient to enhance NK-cell cytolytic activity (PMID:12213321). The functionally signaling isoform CS1-L carries cytoplasmic ITSMs; in NK cells activation recruits the SAP-homolog adaptor EAT-2, driving Src-dependent receptor phosphorylation and downstream PLCγ/PI3K signaling that culminates in degranulation and target lysis, with PLCγ the dominant arm of the degranulation response (PMID:16339536, PMID:34693521). In the absence of EAT-2 — as in T cells — SLAMF7 instead becomes inhibitory: Src kinases phosphorylate tyrosine 261 in a CD45-dependent manner to recruit the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1, restraining cellular activation (PMID:19151721, PMID:25312647). This inhibitory module operates broadly in macrophages, where SLAMF7 assembles with SHIP1 and TRAF6 to block K63 ubiquitination of TRAF6 and dampen TLR-driven MAPK and NF-κB signaling, using the SHB adaptor and cytoplasmic Y304 to bridge SHIP1 recruitment in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PMID:36749634, PMID:38484085). Independently of SAP adaptors, SLAMF7 on macrophages drives phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells through interaction with integrin Mac-1 and ITAM signaling, requiring SLAMF7 on both effector and target (PMID:28424516). In multiple myeloma, SLAMF7 promotes adhesion to bone marrow stroma and tumour-supportive signaling (ERK/AKT/STAT3), and soluble SLAMF7 in patient serum fuels myeloma growth via homophilic engagement and SHP-2/ERK activation (PMID:17906076, PMID:19196658, PMID:31358854). SLAMF7 expression is transcriptionally activated by Blimp-1/PRDM1 and IKZF1 and repressed by YY1, and is further controlled post-transcriptionally by ALKBH5-dependent m6A demethylation and post-translationally by STT3A-driven N-linked glycosylation at N98 that modulates antibody binding and phagocytosis (PMID:26310579, PMID:31358854, PMID:23318224, PMID:37827106, PMID:36381324).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 2002 Medium

    Established that SLAMF7 is a self-ligand whose engagement can enhance NK cytotoxicity, defining it as a homophilic activating receptor rather than a ligand for a distinct partner.

    Evidence CS1-Ig fusion protein binding to CS1-transfected cells and redirected cytotoxicity in the YT NK line

    PMID:12213321

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the cytoplasmic signaling adaptors
    • Binding shown with fusion protein, not endogenous trans-interaction
  2. 2004 Medium

    Showed that only the ITSM-containing CS1-L isoform is signaling-competent and that SAP associates with the unstimulated receptor, framing SLAMF7 within SAP-family adaptor biology.

    Evidence Isoform transfection into RNK-16 NK cells with cytotoxicity, calcium flux, and Co-IP of SAP

    PMID:15368295

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of SAP dissociation unresolved
    • Did not establish which adaptor mediates downstream activation
  3. 2005 High

    Identified EAT-2 as the activating adaptor coupling SLAMF7 to PLCγ/PI3K signaling, defining the molecular route to NK cytotoxicity.

    Evidence Co-IP of EAT-2, Src-inhibitor-sensitive phosphorylation, and downstream pathway/cytotoxicity assays in human NK cells

    PMID:16339536

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve behavior in EAT-2-negative cells
    • Tyrosine residues mediating EAT-2 coupling not mapped
  4. 2009 High

    Genetically established the activating/inhibitory switch: SLAMF7 promotes NK function only with EAT-2 and is inhibitory in its absence and in T cells.

    Evidence CRACC-knockout mouse with NK functional assays and EAT-2 genetic epistasis

    PMID:19151721

    Open questions at the time
    • Inhibitory effector molecule not identified in this study
    • Mechanism of context-dependence at molecular level unresolved
  5. 2007 Medium

    Defined non-NK roles: SLAMF7 promotes B-cell proliferation via autocrine cytokines and mediates myeloma adhesion to bone marrow stroma.

    Evidence Antibody crosslinking with cytokine neutralization in B cells; siRNA knockdown with adhesion assays and uropod localization in MM cells

    PMID:17878365 PMID:17906076

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling adaptors in B cells not defined
    • Direct ligand for stromal adhesion not established
  6. 2009 Medium

    Demonstrated SLAMF7 supports myeloma survival and proliferation through ERK/AKT/STAT3 signaling and integrin-mediated adhesion in vivo.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown and overexpression with phospho-Western, apoptosis assays, and xenograft model

    PMID:19196658

    Open questions at the time
    • Proximal signaling adaptor in MM cells not identified
    • Link between homophilic engagement and ERK/AKT not mechanistically dissected
  7. 2014 High

    Resolved the inhibitory circuit: SLAMF7 recruits SHIP-1 via phosphorylated Y261 in a Src- and CD45-dependent manner, and explained why MM cells (lacking CD45) escape inhibition.

    Evidence Y261 site-directed mutagenesis, SHIP-1 Co-IP, and CD45-deficient NK cells with cytotoxicity assays

    PMID:25312647

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address SHIP1-independent inhibitory routes
    • Macrophage-specific signaling not examined
  8. 2013 Medium

    Showed SLAMF7 is inhibitory in monocytes, suppressing LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-12p70, extending inhibitory function to myeloid cells.

    Evidence Anti-CS1 crosslinking with cytokine ELISA and NF-κB/PI3K pathway inhibitors in human monocytes

    PMID:23695528

    Open questions at the time
    • Adaptor mediating monocyte inhibition not identified
    • Relationship to SHIP1 pathway unestablished at this point
  9. 2017 High

    Defined a SAP-independent phagocytic function: macrophage SLAMF7 drives engulfment of haematopoietic tumour cells via Mac-1 and ITAM signaling during CD47-SIRPα blockade.

    Evidence SLAM-family knockout mouse with in vitro/in vivo phagocytosis assays and Mac-1 interaction studies

    PMID:28424516

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular geometry of SLAMF7-Mac-1 coupling unresolved
    • ITAM-bearing adaptor not specified
  10. 2017 Medium

    Clarified the therapeutic mechanism of elotuzumab as primarily CD16/ADCC-driven, with a secondary CD16-independent trans-costimulation of NK receptors.

    Evidence Degranulation, CD69, and calcium assays using F(ab')2, Fc-mutant antibodies, and CD16 blockade

    PMID:28932638

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of each arm in patients unquantified
    • Receptor basis of trans-costimulation only partly defined
  11. 2019 Medium

    Identified soluble SLAMF7 as a myeloma growth factor acting through homophilic engagement and SHP-2/ERK signaling, blocked by elotuzumab, and named IKZF1 as a transcriptional activator targeted by IMiDs.

    Evidence Recombinant sSLAMF7 treatment with phospho-Western, promoter analysis, and xenograft elotuzumab blockade

    PMID:31358854

    Open questions at the time
    • Source and processing of sSLAMF7 not defined
    • Relationship between SHP-2 and SHIP1 pathways unresolved
  12. 2019 Medium

    Showed CD16-independent elotuzumab costimulation requires the full SLAMF7 cytoplasmic domain and homotypic interactions, linking it to NKG2D/LFA-1 activation.

    Evidence CD16-negative NK-92 cytotoxicity with Fc-mutant antibodies, cytoplasmic-domain deletions, and NKG2D blockade

    PMID:31431433

    Open questions at the time
    • Adaptor coupling in this context not mapped
    • Generalizability beyond NK-92 line unaddressed
  13. 2020 Medium

    Implicated SLAMF7 in T-cell exhaustion: homotypic engagement with tumour-associated macrophages drives STAT1/STAT3 and inhibitory-receptor programs, with knockout restraining tumour growth.

    Evidence Receptor activation with phospho-flow, SLAMF7-knockout B16-F10 tumour model, and ex vivo co-culture

    PMID:33288545

    Open questions at the time
    • Proximal signaling from SLAMF7 to STAT not defined
    • Distinction from inhibitory SHIP1 pathway unclear
  14. 2021 Medium

    Pinpointed the cellular output of activating SLAMF7 signaling as degranulation (not polarization or adhesion), predominantly PLCγ-dependent.

    Evidence Physiological ligation with degranulation assays, PLCγ vs PI3K inhibitors, and polarization imaging in human NK cells

    PMID:34693521

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative PI3K contribution to other outputs unresolved
    • EAT-2 dependence not re-tested here
  15. 2022 Medium

    Revealed a context where SLAMF7 is pro-inflammatory: engagement on macrophages drives a TNF-α autocrine inflammatory loop, with IFN-γ controlling its expression.

    Evidence Synovial macrophage RNA-seq, SLAMF7 engagement, cytokine blockade, and IFN-γ stimulation

    PMID:35148199

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with inhibitory macrophage signaling not addressed
    • Adaptor driving the inflammatory output unidentified
  16. 2023 High

    Defined the inhibitory macrophage mechanism: SLAMF7 cooperates with SHIP1 and TRAF6 to block TRAF6 K63 ubiquitination, attenuating TLR-MAPK/NF-κB signaling and protecting against sepsis lethality.

    Evidence Co-IP of SLAMF7/SHIP1/TRAF6, ubiquitination and mutagenesis assays, and SLAMF7-knockout polymicrobial sepsis model

    PMID:36749634

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with pro-inflammatory engagement in synovial macrophages unresolved
    • Stimulus determining activating vs inhibitory output unclear
  17. 2024 High

    Extended the inhibitory module to the tumour microenvironment: SLAMF7 recruits SHIP1 via the SHB adaptor and cytoplasmic Y304 to suppress MAPK/ATF2-driven CCL2 and reshape macrophage recruitment in HCC.

    Evidence Co-IP of SLAMF7/SHB/SHIP1, Y304 mutagenesis, ubiquitination assays, and liver-specific knockout mouse with macrophage co-culture

    PMID:38484085

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between Y261 and Y304 phospho-sites not defined
    • Whether SHB operates in NK/T cells unknown
  18. 2022 Medium

    Showed N-linked glycosylation at N98 (STT3A-driven) modulates anti-SLAMF7 antibody affinity and phagocytosis, identifying a tunable post-translational control of therapeutic targeting.

    Evidence Mass-spectrometry glycosite mapping, STT3A/NGI-1 inhibition, antibody affinity, and phagocytosis assays in breast cancer cells

    PMID:36381324

    Open questions at the time
    • Effect of glycosylation on homophilic signaling not tested
    • Generalizability to haematopoietic SLAMF7 unaddressed
  19. 2023 Medium

    Established post-transcriptional control: ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation destabilizes Slamf7 mRNA, and reduced SLAMF7 promotes macrophage autophagy and limits inflammation.

    Evidence MeRIP m6A mapping, ALKBH5 inhibition, mRNA stability and siRNA knockdown, and silica-induced lung inflammation model

    PMID:37827106

    Open questions at the time
    • m6A reader linking demethylation to stability not identified
    • Direct connection to SHIP1/TRAF6 axis not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The signal that determines whether SLAMF7 engagement is activating, inhibitory, or pro-inflammatory within the same cell type — and how adaptor availability (EAT-2, SHIP1, SHB), tyrosine usage (Y261 vs Y304), and glycosylation integrate to set this output — remains unresolved.
  • No unified model reconciling pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage outputs
  • Hierarchy of Y261 vs Y304 phospho-sites across cell types unknown
  • Endogenous trans-ligand geometry and stoichiometry uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
EAT-2INPP5DITGAMSAPSH2D1BSHBSLAMF7TRAF6

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 CS1 (SLAMF7) is a self-ligand (homophilic receptor): recombinant CS1-Ig fusion protein bound cells transfected with CS1 but not cells expressing other CD2 family members, and soluble CS1-Ig enhanced cytolytic activity of the human NK cell line YT. Recombinant fusion protein binding assay, redirected cytotoxicity assay Molecular immunology Medium 12213321
2004 Two CS1 isoforms (CS1-L and CS1-S) are expressed in human NK cells. CS1-L contains ITSMs and mediates redirected cytotoxicity and calcium flux when transfected into RNK-16 rat NK cells, whereas CS1-S lacking ITSMs has no effect. SAP associates with unstimulated CS1-L and dissociates upon pervanadate stimulation. cDNA transfection into RNK-16 cells, redirected cytotoxicity assay, calcium flux measurement, co-immunoprecipitation European journal of immunology Medium 15368295
2005 Upon activation, CRACC (SLAMF7) recruits the SAP-homolog adaptor EAT-2 in human NK cells. EAT-2 association induces CRACC phosphorylation (partially reduced by Src kinase inhibitors), and downstream signaling involves PLCγ1, PLCγ2, and PI3K to mediate NK cell cytotoxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation, pharmacological inhibition of Src kinases, Western blotting for phosphorylation, functional cytotoxicity assays Journal of immunology High 16339536
2007 CS1 is expressed at adhesion-promoting uropod membranes of polarized MM cells; siRNA knockdown of CS1 inhibited MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), demonstrating a direct role for CS1 in MM cell adhesion. siRNA knockdown, cell adhesion assay, immunofluorescence localization Blood Medium 17906076
2007 CS1 activation on human B lymphocytes induces proliferation through secretion of autocrine cytokines (flt3 ligand, lymphotoxin A, TNF, IL-14); neutralizing antibodies against these cytokines abolished CS1-induced B cell proliferation. Only the CS1-L isoform (containing ITSMs) is expressed on B cells. Anti-CS1 antibody crosslinking, cytokine microarray, qRT-PCR, neutralizing antibody blockade of individual cytokines Journal of immunology Medium 17878365
2009 CRACC (SLAMF7) positively regulates NK cell function through a mechanism dependent on the adaptor EAT-2 but not SAP. In the absence of EAT-2, CRACC potently inhibits NK cell function. CRACC is also inhibitory in T cells, which lack EAT-2. Established using CRACC-deficient mouse. CRACC-knockout mouse generation, NK cell functional assays (cytotoxicity, cytokine production), genetic epistasis with EAT-2 Nature immunology High 19151721
2009 CS1 knockdown in MM cells decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3, and accelerated caspase activation under serum deprivation. CS1 overexpression promoted myeloma adhesion to BMSCs by increasing c-maf-targeted cyclin D2-dependent proliferation, integrin β7/αE-mediated adhesion, and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown, phospho-Western blotting, apoptosis assays, overexpression, xenograft mouse model Blood Medium 19196658
2013 CS1 crosslinking inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-12p70 by LPS-activated human monocytes. CS1 expression on monocytes is induced via NF-κB and PI3K signaling pathways. Anti-CS1 antibody crosslinking, ELISA for cytokines, pharmacological inhibitors of NF-κB and PI3K, RT-PCR Inflammation research Medium 23695528
2014 SLAMF7-mediated inhibition in EAT-2-negative NK cells requires SHIP-1, which is recruited via tyrosine 261 of SLAMF7. This coupling requires Src kinases (which phosphorylate SLAMF7) and CD45. MM cells lack EAT-2 but also lack CD45, preventing Src kinase activation and thus SLAMF7-triggered inhibitory signaling in MM cells. Site-directed mutagenesis (Y261 of SLAMF7), co-immunoprecipitation of SHIP-1, use of CD45-deficient NK cells, functional NK cytotoxicity assays Molecular and cellular biology High 25312647
2015 Blimp-1/PRDM1 acts as a transcriptional activator of the human CS1 (SLAMF7) gene in NK and B cells. EMSA and ChIP assays confirmed Blimp-1 binding to the CS1 promoter; mutation of the Blimp-1 site at -750 to -746 decreased CS1 promoter activity. Luciferase reporter assays with promoter deletion mutants, EMSA, ChIP assay, site-directed mutagenesis of promoter Immunobiology Medium 26310579
2017 SLAMF7 on macrophages is required for phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells during SIRPα-CD47 blockade, both in vitro and in vivo. This function is independent of SAP adaptors but requires SLAMF7's ability to interact with integrin Mac-1 and signals involving ITAMs. SLAMF7 must be expressed on both the macrophage and the tumour cell target for efficient phagocytosis. SLAM-family receptor knockout mouse, in vitro phagocytosis assays, in vivo tumour models, Mac-1 interaction studies Nature High 28424516
2017 Elotuzumab primarily activates NK cells through CD16 (FcγRIIIa)-dependent ADCC; F(ab')2 or Fc-mutant forms of elotuzumab alone cannot stimulate CD69 expression or degranulation. However, soluble elotuzumab can co-stimulate calcium signaling through NKp46 and NKG2D in a CD16-independent manner (trans-costimulation). NK cell degranulation assays, CD69 expression, calcium flux assays, F(ab')2 and Fc-mutant antibody forms, CD16-blocking experiments Oncoimmunology Medium 28932638
2019 Soluble SLAMF7 (sSLAMF7), present exclusively in MM patient serum, promotes MM cell growth via homophilic interaction with surface SLAMF7 and subsequent activation of SHP-2 and ERK signaling pathways. Elotuzumab suppresses sSLAMF7-induced MM cell growth by blocking this interaction. IKZF1 (Ikaros) was identified as a transcriptional activator of SLAMF7 gene; lenalidomide and pomalidomide downregulate SLAMF7 expression by targeting Ikaros. Recombinant sSLAMF7 treatment, Western blotting for SHP-2/ERK phosphorylation, promoter analysis, in vitro and in vivo (xenograft) elotuzumab blockade Leukemia Medium 31358854
2019 Elotuzumab (but not other SLAMF7 antibodies) enhances cytotoxicity of CD16-negative NK-92 cells toward SLAMF7+ targets; this CD16-independent costimulation requires full cytoplasmic domain of SLAMF7 in NK cells and is associated with increased NKG2D and ICAM-1 expression and activated LFA-1, suggesting SLAMF7-SLAMF7 homotypic interactions drive the effect. CD16-negative NK-92 cell cytotoxicity assays, Fc-mutant antibody forms, SLAMF7 cytoplasmic domain deletion constructs, NKG2D blocking antibodies Cancer immunology research Medium 31431433
2020 SLAMF7 activation on T cells induces STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and drives expression of multiple inhibitory receptors/transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion. SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions between tumour-associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells induce exhaustion markers; SLAMF7-knockout mice show restricted B16-F10 tumour growth and CD8+ T cells with less PD-1 and TOX expression. SLAMF7 receptor activation assays, phospho-flow cytometry for STAT1/STAT3, SLAMF7-knockout mouse tumor model, ex vivo co-culture Journal of immunology Medium 33288545
2021 Physiological ligation of SLAMF7 in human NK cells selectively enhances target cell lysis by promoting NK cell degranulation (not granule polarization or cell adhesion). SLAMF7-dependent degranulation is predominantly dependent on PLCγ when compared to PI3K. NK cell degranulation assays, pharmacological inhibition of PLCγ vs PI3K, granule polarization imaging, adhesion assays European journal of immunology Medium 34693521
2022 SLAMF7 engagement drives a strong wave of inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages; TNF-α induction after SLAMF7 engagement amplifies inflammation through an autocrine signaling loop. IFN-γ is identified as a key regulator of SLAMF7 expression on macrophages. RNA-seq of synovial macrophages, SLAMF7 engagement experiments, cytokine blockade, IFN-γ stimulation assays Science immunology Medium 35148199
2023 In macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis, SLAMF7 attenuates TLR-dependent MAPK and NF-κB signaling by cooperating with SHIP1. SLAMF7 interacts with both SHIP1 and TRAF6 to inhibit K63 ubiquitination of TRAF6. Tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the intracellular domain of SLAMF7 and the phosphatase domain of SHIP1 are required for this interaction. SLAMF7-deficient mice show enhanced lethality in sepsis models. Co-immunoprecipitation of SLAMF7/SHIP1/TRAF6, ubiquitination assays, site-directed mutagenesis of SLAMF7 tyrosine residues, SLAMF7-knockout mice in polymicrobial sepsis model The Journal of clinical investigation High 36749634
2024 In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, SLAMF7 suppresses MAPK/ATF2-mediated CCL2 expression to regulate macrophage migration and polarization. Mechanistically, SLAMF7 associates with SHB adaptor protein through its cytoplasmic Y304 site, facilitating recruitment of SHIP1 to SLAMF7 and inhibiting TRAF6 ubiquitination, thereby attenuating MAPK pathway activation and CCL2 transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation of SLAMF7/SHB/SHIP1, ubiquitination assays, site-directed mutagenesis of Y304, liver-specific knockout mouse model, in vitro macrophage co-culture Cancer research High 38484085
2013 YY1 represses mouse CS1 (SLAMF7) gene transcription by binding to the CS1 promoter; mutation of the YY1 site significantly increased promoter activity. A unique (AG)n=36 DNA repeat element in the CS1 promoter enhances transcriptional activity and forms DNA triplex structures. Luciferase promoter assays with deletion/mutation constructs, ChIP assay, EMSA super-shift assay, AFM imaging of DNA triplex Molecular immunology Medium 23318224
2022 N-linked glycosylation of SLAMF7 at seven motifs (particularly N98) regulates antibody affinity and macrophage phagocytosis of breast cancer cells. STT3A drives SLAMF7 hyperglycosylation; inhibition of STT3A by NGI-1 reduces glycosylation of SLAMF7, enhances anti-SLAMF7 antibody binding, and increases phagocytosis. Mass spectrometry glycosylation mapping, STT3A inhibition, antibody affinity measurements, macrophage phagocytosis assays, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) American journal of cancer research Medium 36381324
2023 ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation decreases Slamf7 mRNA stability; specific inhibition of ALKBH5 increased Slamf7 expression via increased m6A modification. Slamf7 inhibition promoted autophagy and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, thereby improving silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. MeRIP assay (m6A mapping), ALKBH5 inhibition, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown of Slamf7, mouse model of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation Journal of hazardous materials Medium 37827106

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 CS1, a potential new therapeutic antibody target for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 471 18451245
2007 Anti-CS1 humanized monoclonal antibody HuLuc63 inhibits myeloma cell adhesion and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the bone marrow milieu. Blood 405 17906076
2017 SLAMF7 is critical for phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells via Mac-1 integrin. Nature 240 28424516
2017 SLAMF7-CAR T cells eliminate myeloma and confer selective fratricide of SLAMF7+ normal lymphocytes. Blood 201 29089311
2020 Systematically optimized BCMA/CS1 bispecific CAR-T cells robustly control heterogeneous multiple myeloma. Nature communications 173 32385241
2015 Clinical efficacy and management of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 and SLAMF7 in multiple myeloma. Blood 160 26631114
2017 miR-19a promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration by targeting TIA1. Molecular cancer 154 28257633
2017 Lenalidomide Enhances the Function of CS1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected T Cells Against Multiple Myeloma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 153 29061640
2009 Influence of CRACC, a SLAM family receptor coupled to the adaptor EAT-2, on natural killer cell function. Nature immunology 148 19151721
2009 Combinatorial efficacy of anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody elotuzumab (HuLuc63) and bortezomib against multiple myeloma. Molecular cancer therapeutics 142 19723891
1994 Expression and functional significance of alternatively spliced CS1 fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis microvasculature. The Journal of clinical investigation 135 8282813
2002 CS1, a novel member of the CD2 family, is homophilic and regulates NK cell function. Molecular immunology 110 12213321
2001 2B4 (CD244) and CS1: novel members of the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily molecules expressed on natural killer cells and other leukocytes. Immunological reviews 109 11513145
2005 The cytotoxicity receptor CRACC (CS-1) recruits EAT-2 and activates the PI3K and phospholipase Cgamma signaling pathways in human NK cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 106 16339536
2018 Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation and Clinical Activity of the Therapeutic SLAMF7 Antibody, Elotuzumab in Multiple Myeloma. Frontiers in immunology 103 30455698
2018 A CS1-NKG2D Bispecific Antibody Collectively Activates Cytolytic Immune Cells against Multiple Myeloma. Cancer immunology research 101 29769244
2013 CS1, a SLAM family receptor involved in immune regulation, is a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 100 23731618
2018 microRNA-19a-3p promotes tumor metastasis and chemoresistance through the PTEN/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 91 30021351
2017 CS1 (SLAMF7, CD319) is an effective immunotherapeutic target for multiple myeloma. American journal of cancer research 89 28861320
2018 The C/S1 bZIP Network: A Regulatory Hub Orchestrating Plant Energy Homeostasis. Trends in plant science 84 29525129
2022 SLAMF7 engagement superactivates macrophages in acute and chronic inflammation. Science immunology 82 35148199
2020 SLAMF7 Signaling Reprograms T Cells toward Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 78 33288545
2014 Immune cell inhibition by SLAMF7 is mediated by a mechanism requiring src kinases, CD45, and SHIP-1 that is defective in multiple myeloma cells. Molecular and cellular biology 72 25312647
2017 The anti-SLAMF7 antibody elotuzumab mediates NK cell activation through both CD16-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Oncoimmunology 68 28932638
2013 miR-19a and miR-19b overexpression in gliomas. Pathology oncology research : POR 66 23824915
2007 CS1 (CRACC, CD319) induces proliferation and autocrine cytokine expression on human B lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 65 17878365
2020 Roles of NK Cell Receptors 2B4 (CD244), CS1 (CD319), and LLT1 (CLEC2D) in Cancer. Cancers 62 32630303
2009 CS1 promotes multiple myeloma cell adhesion, clonogenic growth, and tumorigenicity via c-maf-mediated interactions with bone marrow stromal cells. Blood 61 19196658
2019 Soluble SLAMF7 promotes the growth of myeloma cells via homophilic interaction with surface SLAMF7. Leukemia 60 31358854
2017 MircroRNA-19a promotes vascular inflammation and foam cell formation by targeting HBP-1 in atherogenesis. Scientific reports 60 28935967
2023 SLAMF7 regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. The Journal of clinical investigation 59 36749634
2019 Blocking lncRNA H19-miR-19a-Id2 axis attenuates hypoxia/ischemia induced neuronal injury. Aging 57 31170091
2010 Altered expression of signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors CS1 (CD319) and 2B4 (CD244) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical and experimental immunology 57 20345977
2022 MiR-19a suppresses ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells by targeting IREB2. Bioengineered 53 35599631
2020 SLAMF7 and IL-6R define distinct cytotoxic versus helper memory CD8+ T cells. Nature communications 50 33311473
2019 Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma. Cancer immunology research 47 31431433
2006 2B4 (CD244), NTB-A and CRACC (CS1) stimulate cytotoxicity but no proliferation in human NK cells. International immunology 47 16410313
2021 MiR-19a-3p Suppresses M1 Macrophage Polarization by Inhibiting STAT1/IRF1 Pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology 45 34017248
2015 Utility of CD54, CD229, and CD319 for the identification of plasma cells in patients with clonal plasma cell diseases. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 45 26130131
2013 CS1 (SLAMF7) inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines by activated monocytes. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 45 23695528
2013 miR-19a promotes cell growth and tumorigenesis through targeting SOCS1 in gastric cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 44 23621248
1998 New tools in an old trade: CS1 pilus morphogenesis. Molecular microbiology 44 10094617
2022 CS1 CAR-T targeting the distal domain of CS1 (SLAMF7) shows efficacy in high tumor burden myeloma model despite fratricide of CD8+CS1 expressing CAR-T cells. Leukemia 42 35422095
2004 Molecular and functional characterization of a CS1 (CRACC) splice variant expressed in human NK cells that does not contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs. European journal of immunology 41 15368295
2016 MicroRNA-19a functions as an oncogene by regulating PTEN/AKT/pAKT pathway in myeloma. Leukemia & lymphoma 40 27830963
2008 Regulation of NK cell activity by 2B4, NTB-A and CRACC. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 40 17981603
2018 Clinical impact of serum soluble SLAMF7 in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 39 30410677
2018 SLAMF7 Is a Critical Negative Regulator of IFN-α-Mediated CXCL10 Production in Chronic HIV Infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 37 30530590
2020 CD319 (SLAMF7) an alternative marker for detecting plasma cells in the presence of daratumumab or elotuzumab. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 35 33017079
2019 Cancer cell-expressed SLAMF7 is not required for CD47-mediated phagocytosis. Nature communications 35 30710089
2015 MiR-19a promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer. World journal of gastroenterology 33 25914465
2021 Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomal microRNA-19a induces β-cell dysfunction by targeting ADCY1 and EPAC2. International journal of biological sciences 32 34512170
2019 MiR-19a enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness through enhancing lymphangiogenesis by targeting thrombospondin-1 in colorectal cancer. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 32 31199884
2024 Repolarization of Immunosuppressive Macrophages by Targeting SLAMF7-Regulated CCL2 Signaling Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Immunotherapy. Cancer research 30 38484085
2016 miR-19a, -19b, and -26b Mediate CTGF Expression and Pulmonary Fibroblast Differentiation. Journal of cellular physiology 30 26873752
2014 MiR-19a promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 30 25400827
2013 Systemic lupus erythematosus immune complexes increase the expression of SLAM family members CD319 (CRACC) and CD229 (LY-9) on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD319 on CD56(dim) NK cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 30 23956418
2012 Role of the NK cell-activating receptor CRACC in periodontitis. Infection and immunity 29 23250953
2020 Exosomal miR-19a from adipose-derived stem cells suppresses differentiation of corneal keratocytes into myofibroblasts. Aging 28 32112551
2020 Glycine Improves Ischemic Stroke Through miR-19a-3p/AMPK/GSK-3β/HO-1 Pathway. Drug design, development and therapy 28 32546967
2018 miR-19a-mediated downregulation of RhoB inhibits the dephosphorylation of AKT1 and induces osteosarcoma cell metastasis. Cancer letters 28 29702193
2017 MiR-19a regulates the cell growth and apoptosis of osteosarcoma stem cells by targeting PTEN. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 26 28475001
2017 Menopause and adipose tissue: miR-19a-3p is sensitive to hormonal replacement. Oncotarget 26 29416771
2015 Blimp-1/PRDM1 regulates the transcription of human CS1 (SLAMF7) gene in NK and B cells. Immunobiology 26 26310579
1992 Structure and expression of the nuclear gene coding for the plastid CS1 ribosomal protein from spinach. Nucleic acids research 26 1508710
2021 miR-19a/b promote EMT and proliferation in glioma cells via SEPT7-AKT-NF-κB pathway. Molecular therapy oncolytics 25 33614912
2015 Preclinical and clinical evaluation of elotuzumab, a SLAMF7-targeted humanized monoclonal antibody in development for multiple myeloma. Expert review of hematology 25 26070331
2023 ALKBH5 mediates silica particles-induced pulmonary inflammation through increased m6A modification of Slamf7 and autophagy dysfunction. Journal of hazardous materials 24 37827106
2022 Exosome-transmitted circ_002136 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by miR-19a-3p/RAB1A pathway. BMC cancer 24 36476239
2021 MiR-19a/miR-96-mediated low expression of KIF26A suppresses metastasis by regulating FAK pathway in gastric cancer. Oncogene 24 33674746
2017 Preclinical data support leveraging CS1 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for systemic light chain amyloidosis. Cytotherapy 24 28483281
2024 MicroRNA-19a-3p inhibits endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by targeting JCAD. BMC cardiovascular disorders 23 39080547
2018 2B4 (CD244, SLAMF4) and CS1 (CD319, SLAMF7) in systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 22 30347240
2024 Bioengineer mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of glioma by IL-12 mediated microenvironment reprogramming and nCD47-SLAMF7 mediated phagocytosis regulation of macrophages. Exploration (Beijing, China) 21 39713206
2013 PDL241, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody, reveals CD319 as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy 20 24299175
2022 SLAMF7 modulates B cells and adaptive immunity to regulate susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. Journal of neuroinflammation 19 36199066
2018 Anti-CD38 and anti-SLAMF7: the future of myeloma immunotherapy. Expert review of hematology 19 29582696
2022 Antagonizing microRNA-19a/b augments PTH anabolic action and restores bone mass in osteoporosis in mice. EMBO molecular medicine 18 36193848
2016 miR‑19a‑3p targets PMEPA1 and induces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Molecular medicine reports 18 27035427
2016 Treatment of multiple myeloma with the immunostimulatory SLAMF7 antibody elotuzumab. Therapeutic advances in hematology 18 27695618
2021 Osteosarcoma Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption Through Transferring MicroRNA-19a-3p. Frontiers in oncology 17 33842319
2021 SLAMF7 selectively favors degranulation to promote cytotoxicity in human NK cells. European journal of immunology 17 34693521
2020 MicroRNA-19a-3p regulates cell growth through modulation of the PIK3IP1-AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 17 32201518
2021 Novel CS1 CAR-T Cells and Bispecific CS1-BCMA CAR-T Cells Effectively Target Multiple Myeloma. Biomedicines 16 34680541
2020 LncRNA NEAT1 promotes cardiac hypertrophy through microRNA-19a-3p/SMYD2 axis. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 16 32096186
2020 Association of circulating SLAMF7+Tfh1 cells with IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease. BMC immunology 16 32487061
2015 miR-19a and SOCS-1 expression in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal (glottic) verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of clinical pathology 16 26502748
2000 Regulation of CS1 fibronectin expression and function by IL-1 in endothelial cells. Cellular immunology 16 10716877
2023 MicroRNA-19a-3p Decreases with Age in Mice and Humans and Inhibits Osteoblast Senescence. JBMR plus 14 37283656
2021 miR-19a-3p inhibition alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury via enhancing USP13 expression. Acta biochimica Polonica 14 33966370
2020 Anti-CS1 × Anti-CD3 Bispecific Antibody (BiAb)-Armed Anti-CD3 Activated T Cells (CS1-BATs) Kill CS1+ Myeloma Cells and Release Type-1 Cytokines. Frontiers in oncology 14 32432032
2011 Alternative splicing and mRNA expression analysis of bovine SLAMF7 gene in healthy and mastitis mammary tissues. Molecular biology reports 14 21769477
2019 MicroRNA-19a attenuates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating NHE-1 expression and decreasing calcium overload. Journal of cellular biochemistry 13 31633225
2019 Role of cell free microRNA-19a and microRNA-19b in gestational diabetes mellitus patients. 3 Biotech 13 31687318
2018 Elotuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, with Special Reference to its Modes of Action and SLAMF7 Signaling. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases 13 29531651
2017 MiR-19a mediates gluconeogenesis by targeting PTEN in hepatocytes. Molecular medicine reports 13 29257352
2016 The role of SLAMF7 in multiple myeloma: impact on therapy. Expert review of clinical immunology 13 27376202
2024 Preclinical activity of allogeneic SLAMF7-specific CAR T-cells (UCARTCS1) in multiple myeloma. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 12 39060023
2022 Deglycosylation of SLAMF7 in breast cancers enhances phagocytosis. American journal of cancer research 12 36381324
2013 YY1 and a unique DNA repeat element regulates the transcription of mouse CS1 (CD319, SLAMF7) gene. Molecular immunology 11 23318224

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