Affinage

CPSF4

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 · UniProt O95639

Length
269 aa
Mass
30.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CPSF4 (CPSF30) is a zinc finger protein subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that serves as the direct RNA-recognition module for the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal and coordinates downstream mRNA 3′ end processing. Its five CCCH zinc fingers have modular functions: ZF2–ZF3 directly contact the AAUAAA hexamer to specify polyadenylation site selection (PMID:25301780, PMID:32027124), while ZF4–ZF5 recruit two copies of hFip1 (and thereby poly(A) polymerase) in a 1:2 stoichiometry to support polyadenylation (PMID:33122294); a CCHC zinc knuckle harboring a 2Fe-2S cluster mediates polyU binding and expands recognition to variant hexamers (PMID:32027124, PMID:33615774). Beyond canonical 3′ processing, CPSF4 modulates alternative splicing—including TP53 isoform balance and HMG20B 3′ splice site choice—and acts as a transcriptional activator at hTERT, VEGF, and NRP2 promoters in cancer cells, and its ZF2–ZF3 surface is co-opted by influenza A NS1A protein to suppress host mRNA processing, a major viral virulence mechanism (PMID:16571812, PMID:25078692, PMID:30651364, PMID:39731153, PMID:26628108).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2006 High

    Identifying which CPSF30 domains are hijacked by influenza NS1A established that ZF2–ZF3 mediate a functionally critical protein–protein interaction whose blockade restores host antiviral gene expression.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, stable F2F3-expressing cell lines, and viral replication assays in mammalian cells

    PMID:16571812

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ZF2–ZF3 served the same surface for endogenous RNA recognition was unknown
    • Structural basis of the NS1A–CPSF30 interface not resolved
  2. 2008 High

    Discovery that the influenza polymerase complex (PA, NP) stabilizes the CPSF30–NS1A interaction revealed a tripartite viral strategy for suppressing host mRNA processing.

    Evidence Co-IP with cognate vs. non-cognate polymerase in infected cells, mutant virus analysis

    PMID:19052083

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct contacts between polymerase subunits and CPSF30 not structurally mapped
    • Whether polymerase stabilization occurs on chromatin-associated CPSF30 was unclear
  3. 2014 High

    Demonstrating that CPSF30 ZF2–ZF3 directly contacts the AAUAAA hexamer in human cells resolved the long-standing question of which CPSF subunit provides primary RNA recognition for 3′ processing.

    Evidence In vitro RNA binding, CLIP-seq, and zinc finger mutagenesis

    PMID:25301780

    Open questions at the time
    • Role of the remaining zinc fingers (ZF1, ZF4, ZF5) and zinc knuckle in RNA binding uncharacterized
    • How CPSF30 coordinates with other CPSF subunits (CPSF160, WDR33) for hexamer selection unknown
  4. 2014 Medium

    Showing that a single NS1 substitution (I106M) in H7N9 influenza restores CPSF30 binding and enhances virulence in vivo established CPSF4 engagement as a quantitative determinant of influenza pathogenicity.

    Evidence Binding assays, recombinant virus, mouse infection model

    PMID:25078692

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CPSF30 binding is the sole mechanism of NS1-mediated virulence enhancement not fully dissected
    • Applicability beyond the H7N9 subtype not tested
  5. 2015 Medium

    Finding that CPSF4 cooperates with CBP to activate hTERT transcription expanded CPSF4's role from an RNA processing factor to a direct transcriptional regulator at cancer-relevant promoters.

    Evidence Co-IP, immunofluorescence co-localization, siRNA knockdown, hTERT promoter-luciferase in lung cancer cells

    PMID:26628108

    Open questions at the time
    • DNA-binding domain within CPSF4 responsible for promoter interaction not mapped
    • Whether CPSF4 transcriptional activity is independent of its CPSF complex role unclear
  6. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrating that CPSF4 independently modulates TP53 alternative splicing, and that NS1 disrupts this activity, linked CPSF4 to splicing regulation with consequences for innate immunity and the p53 pathway.

    Evidence TP53 minigene splicing assay, CPSF4 siRNA knockdown, IFN and viral replication measurements

    PMID:30651364

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CPSF4 influences splice site selection is unclear—could be indirect via 3′ processing coupling
    • Whether splicing regulation extends beyond TP53 transcripts not addressed
  7. 2020 High

    Biochemical characterization revealed a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster in CPSF30 and showed the CCHC zinc knuckle is required for polyU binding, establishing metal cofactor diversity and a dual-site RNA recognition mechanism.

    Evidence ICP-MS, UV-visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy with truncation constructs

    PMID:32027124

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the iron-sulfur cluster beyond structural stabilization not determined
    • Redox sensitivity of the cluster and its potential regulatory role untested
  8. 2020 High

    Crystal structure of the CPSF30 ZF4–ZF5–hFip1 complex at 1.9 Å revealed a 1:2 stoichiometry enabling recruitment of two PAP copies, explaining how a single CPSF subunit amplifies polyadenylation capacity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis, fluorescence polarization, in vitro polyadenylation reconstitution

    PMID:33122294

    Open questions at the time
    • How the two PAP copies are coordinated during processive polyadenylation is unknown
    • Structure of full-length CPSF30 within the intact CPSF complex not available
  9. 2021 Medium

    Systematic analysis of AAUAAA variants showed that positions 1, 2, 4, and 5 drive CPSF30 binding and that the CCHC zinc knuckle rescues binding to degenerate hexamers via flanking U-rich sequences, providing a selectivity mechanism for alternative polyadenylation.

    Evidence Fluorescence anisotropy with variant AU hexamer RNAs and truncated proteins, bioinformatics

    PMID:33615774

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance for alternative polyadenylation site selection not validated
    • Contribution of other CPSF subunits (WDR33, CPSF160) to hexamer variant recognition not addressed
  10. 2021 Medium

    CPSF4 was shown to reduce circRNA levels bearing polyadenylation signals, thereby disrupting miRNA sponge activity and promoting hepatocellular carcinoma growth—a non-canonical consequence of its PAS-recognition function.

    Evidence circRNA profiling, CPSF4 knockdown/overexpression, xenograft models, miRNA functional assays in HCC cells

    PMID:34103682

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether circRNA reduction is a direct consequence of CPSF4's PAS cleavage or indirect regulation is not resolved
    • Generalizability beyond HCC not tested
  11. 2024 Medium

    RIP-seq revealed that CPSF4 directly binds RNA transcriptome-wide and modulates alternative 3′ splice site selection of targets including HMG20B, solidifying its role as a global splicing modulator beyond TP53.

    Evidence RIP-seq, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR validation, siRNA knockdown, proliferation/migration assays in triple-negative breast cancer cells

    PMID:39731153

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CPSF4 acts on splicing through direct RNA binding at splice sites or indirectly via 3′ end processing coupling remains unresolved
    • Structural basis for CPSF4-mediated splice site inhibition unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The structural basis of full-length CPSF30 within the assembled CPSF holoenzyme, the functional role of the iron-sulfur cluster beyond structural support, and the mechanism by which CPSF4 influences splice site selection independently of 3′ processing remain unresolved.
  • No cryo-EM or crystal structure of full-length CPSF30 in the mammalian CPSF holoenzyme context
  • Iron-sulfur cluster redox sensitivity and potential regulatory function untested
  • Mechanism separating CPSF4's splicing and polyadenylation activities not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
CREBBPFIP1L1NS1APAPOLA
Complex memberships
CPSF

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 CPSF30 (CPSF4 subunit) directly contacts the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal in mammalian mRNA 3' processing, with zinc fingers 2 and 3 (ZF2-ZF3) being the primary mediators of RNA interaction. This interaction is essential for mRNA 3' processing. In vitro RNA binding assays, in vivo CLIP, mutagenesis of zinc finger domains Genes & development High 25301780
2006 CPSF30 zinc fingers 2 and 3 (F2F3) mediate binding to the influenza A virus NS1A protein effector domain (residues 144-186). Constitutive nuclear expression of F2F3 inhibits influenza A virus replication by blocking NS1A binding to endogenous CPSF30, thereby preventing suppression of host mRNA 3' processing. Co-immunoprecipitation, stable cell line expressing F2F3, viral replication assays, IFN-β mRNA measurement Journal of virology High 16571812
2008 The influenza A viral polymerase complex (PA and NP subunits specifically) is an integral component of the CPSF30-NS1A protein complex in infected cells, stabilizing the CPSF30-NS1A interaction even when NS1A contains suboptimal binding residues. Co-immunoprecipitation in infected cells, use of cognate vs. non-cognate polymerase complexes, mutant virus analysis Journal of virology High 19052083
2020 Human CPSF30 ZF4-ZF5 forms a complex with hFip1 in a 1:2 stoichiometry, with one hFip1 molecule binding to each zinc finger. ZF4 has higher affinity (Kd = 1.8 nM). The CPSF30-hFip1 complex recruits two copies of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) catalytic module, with both hFip1 binding sites in CPSF30 supporting polyadenylation. Crystal structure at 1.9 Å resolution, mutagenesis, fluorescence polarization binding assays, in vitro polyadenylation reconstitution Genes & development High 33122294
2020 Full-length CPSF30 contains one 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster in addition to five zinc ions. The five CCCH domains mediate binding to the AAUAAA motif, while the CCHC zinc knuckle domain is required for binding polyU sequences. Both binding activities require multiple domains working in concert. ICP-MS, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy RNA binding assays with truncation constructs Biochemistry High 32027124
2021 Bases at positions 1, 2, 4, and 5 within the AAUAAA hexamer are important for CPSF30 RNA binding. Flanking A/U residues promote higher-affinity binding. The CCHC zinc knuckle restores binding to AU hexamer variants through interaction with a U-rich sequence, indicating a mechanism of differential RNA binding modulated by accessibility of two binding sites. Fluorescence anisotropy RNA binding assays with variant AU hexamers, bioinformatics analysis of hexamer variability, truncated protein constructs Biochemistry Medium 33615774
2019 CPSF4 independently modulates alternative splicing of TP53 transcripts, and the interaction between influenza NS1 and CPSF4 alters the expression pattern of p53 isoforms, affecting p53-responsive gene activation, type I interferon secretion, and viral replication. TP53 minigene splicing assay, siRNA knockdown of CPSF4, co-immunoprecipitation of NS1-CPSF4, IFN measurement, viral replication assays Journal of virology Medium 30651364
2015 CBP (CREB-binding protein) co-localizes and physically interacts with CPSF4 in lung cancer cells. Knockdown of CPSF4 inhibits hTERT transcription and cell growth induced by CBP, and vice versa, demonstrating a synergistic effect of CBP and CPSF4 in lung cancer cell growth and survival. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, siRNA knockdown of CPSF4, hTERT promoter-luciferase assay Molecular oncology Medium 26628108
2016 CPSF4 is an hTERT promoter-binding protein in colorectal cancer cells, as demonstrated by pulldown assays, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Bufalin was identified as an inhibitor that targets this CPSF4-hTERT interaction. Pulldown assays, luciferase reporter assays, ChIP assays Cellular physiology and biochemistry Medium 27997899
2021 CPSF4 reduces the levels of circRNAs that possess a polyadenylation signal sequence, which disrupts miRNA-mediated gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma. CPSF4 promotes HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity through this circRNA inhibition mechanism. circRNA profiling, CPSF4 knockdown/overexpression in cell culture, xenograft mouse models, miRNA functional assays Oncogene Medium 34103682
2014 An I106M substitution in H7N9 influenza NS1 restores CPSF30 (CPSF4) binding and the ability to block host gene expression, and a recombinant virus with this substitution replicates to higher titers and is more virulent in vivo, establishing that CPSF4 binding is a virulence determinant. Binding assays, recombinant virus construction, in vivo mouse infection, viral titer measurement Journal of virology Medium 25078692
2009 TcFIP1-like (a trypanosome FIP1 homolog) physically interacts with TcCPSF30 (ortholog of CPSF30/CPSF4), and specific amino acids mediating this interaction were mapped. The interaction differs from the human CPSF30-FIP1 surface, illuminating the conserved but divergent mechanism of FIP1-CPSF30 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis mapping of interaction surface, nuclear localization assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 19338765
2022 WTAP-catalyzed m6A modification of CPSF4 transcript reduces its stability in an YTHDF2-dependent manner in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, providing a post-transcriptional mechanism that decreases CPSF4 expression. m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, m6A methylation quantification, WTAP knockdown, YTHDF2 involvement assay, Western blot Medical oncology Medium 36175708
2022 CPSF4 binds to the promoters of VEGF and NRP2 and activates their transcription, promoting tumor-initiating phenotype and chemoresistance through TAZ induction in lung cancer cells. ChIP assays, promoter-luciferase reporter assays, CPSF4 knockdown/overexpression, in vitro and in vivo tumor initiation assays Medical oncology Low 36567417
2024 CPSF4 modulates alternative splicing of HMG20B by inhibiting alternative 3' splice site events, and this promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer. RIP-seq (RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing), RNA-seq, qRT-PCR validation of splicing events, siRNA knockdown, functional proliferation/migration assays Journal of translational medicine Medium 39731153
2024 CPSF4 knockdown in bladder cancer cells upregulates NRF1 expression, and the tumor-suppressive effects of CPSF4 knockdown (reduced proliferation, migration, MCTS formation) are partially reversed by NRF1 knockdown, placing CPSF4 upstream of NRF1 in bladder cancer growth regulation. siRNA knockdown, Western blot, in vitro proliferation/migration assays, xenograft mouse model, genetic epistasis via double knockdown Biochemical genetics Medium 39039322

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 CPSF30 and Wdr33 directly bind to AAUAAA in mammalian mRNA 3' processing. Genes & development 185 25301780
1998 Structural analysis of the nurse shark (new) antigen receptor (NAR): molecular convergence of NAR and unusual mammalian immunoglobulins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 182 9751746
1988 Identification and expression of genes narL and narX of the nar (nitrate reductase) locus in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of bacteriology 157 2832370
2006 The CPSF30 binding site on the NS1A protein of influenza A virus is a potential antiviral target. Journal of virology 151 16571812
2021 CPSF30-L-mediated recognition of mRNA m6A modification controls alternative polyadenylation of nitrate signaling-related gene transcripts in Arabidopsis. Molecular plant 109 33515769
2008 Influenza a virus polymerase is an integral component of the CPSF30-NS1A protein complex in infected cells. Journal of virology 107 19052083
2012 Genome-wide control of polyadenylation site choice by CPSF30 in Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 93 23136375
1998 Somatic hypermutation of the new antigen receptor gene (NAR) in the nurse shark does not generate the repertoire: possible role in antigen-driven reactions in the absence of germinal centers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 9826702
1999 Mutational pattern of the nurse shark antigen receptor gene (NAR) is similar to that of mammalian Ig genes and to spontaneous mutations in evolution: the translesion synthesis model of somatic hypermutation. International immunology 89 10330287
2006 An evolutionarily mobile antigen receptor variable region gene: doubly rearranging NAR-TcR genes in sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83 16549799
1994 Nar-1 and Nar-2, Two Loci Required for Mla12-Specified Race-Specific Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley. The Plant cell 81 12244263
1989 Structure of genes narL and narX of the nar (nitrate reductase) locus in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of bacteriology 81 2649492
2018 Construction and next-generation sequencing analysis of a large phage-displayed VNAR single-domain antibody library from six naïve nurse sharks. Antibody therapeutics 76 30627698
1988 Location of sequences in the nar promoter of Escherichia coli required for regulation by Fnr and NarL. The Journal of biological chemistry 75 3138237
2012 In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination. Chemosphere 73 23146276
2014 A single amino acid substitution in the novel H7N9 influenza A virus NS1 protein increases CPSF30 binding and virulence. Journal of virology 72 25078692
1988 narI region of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase (nar) operon contains two genes. Journal of bacteriology 65 2832376
2001 Characterization and transcriptional analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens denitrifying clusters containing the nar, nir, nor and nos genes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 62 11342223
2002 A naturally occurring NAR variable domain binds the Kgp protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis. FEBS letters 60 11959108
1988 Bacterial catalysis of nitrosation: involvement of the nar operon of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 58 3275620
2020 Ancient species offers contemporary therapeutics: an update on shark VNAR single domain antibody sequences, phage libraries and potential clinical applications. Antibody therapeutics 56 32118195
2017 The Arabidopsis CPSF30-L gene plays an essential role in nitrate signaling and regulates the nitrate transceptor gene NRT1.1. The New phytologist 56 28850721
2013 Influenza A/Hong Kong/156/1997(H5N1) virus NS1 gene mutations F103L and M106I both increase IFN antagonism, virulence and cytoplasmic localization but differ in binding to RIG-I and CPSF30. Virology journal 51 23886034
1987 Promoter region of the nar operon of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and transcription initiation signals. Journal of bacteriology 47 3308846
1999 Transcriptional regulation of molybdoenzyme synthesis in Escherichia coli in response to molybdenum: ModE-molybdate, a repressor of the modABCD (molybdate transport) operon is a secondary transcriptional activator for the hyc and nar operons. Microbiology (Reading, England) 46 10206709
2015 CPSF30 at the Interface of Alternative Polyadenylation and Cellular Signaling in Plants. Biomolecules 45 26061761
2020 LncRNA NEAT1 Regulates 5-Fu Sensitivity, Apoptosis and Invasion in Colorectal Cancer Through the MiR-150-5p/CPSF4 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 44 32669857
2007 Mechanistic insight into hydrosilylation reactions catalyzed by high valent ReX (X = O, NAr, or N) complexes: the silane (Si-H) does not add across the metal-ligand multiple bond. Journal of the American Chemical Society 44 17388597
2022 A novel PD-L1-targeted shark VNAR single-domain-based CAR-T cell strategy for treating breast cancer and liver cancer. Molecular therapy oncolytics 41 35317524
2018 Engineering and application of synthetic nar promoter for fine-tuning the expression of metabolic pathway genes in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology for biofuels 40 29636821
2013 The 2014 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue and an updated NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection. Nucleic acids research 40 24316579
1992 In vivo requirement of integration host factor for nar (nitrate reductase) operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40 1528882
2002 Mutagenic events in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells generated in response to acetylaminofluorene-derived DNA adducts positioned in the Nar I restriction enzyme site. Biochemistry 38 12450390
2015 CREB-binding protein regulates lung cancer growth by targeting MAPK and CPSF4 signaling pathway. Molecular oncology 37 26628108
1992 Role of alternative promoter elements in transcription from the nar promoter of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 36 1735706
1983 Plasma lipid concentrations and enzyme activities in Nagase analbuminemia rats (NAR). Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals 35 6852119
1983 chlC (nar) operon of Escherichia coli includes structural genes for alpha and beta subunits of nitrate reductase. Journal of bacteriology 33 6298188
2021 Enzyme-Specific Coupling of Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation of the Nap and Nar Nitrate Reductases. Environmental science & technology 32 33687201
2019 MiR-4458 inhibits breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasiveness by targeting CPSF4. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 32 30970220
1988 Protein-mediated hepatic uptake of rose bengal in analbuminemic mutant rats (NAR). Albumin is not indispensable to the protein-mediated transport of rose bengal. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 32 2457477
1985 Delineation of two distinct regulatory domains in the 5' region of the nar operon of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 32 2995309
2018 Isolation and characterization of malaria PfHRP2 specific VNAR antibody fragments from immunized shark phage display library. Malaria journal 31 30355309
2012 Contribution of double-stranded RNA and CPSF30 binding domains of influenza virus NS1 to the inhibition of type I interferon production and activation of human dendritic cells. Journal of virology 31 23255794
1984 Penetration of bilirubin into the brain in albumin-deficient and jaundiced rats (AJR) and Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). Journal of biochemistry 31 6543363
2009 Microbial nar-GFP cell sensors reveal oxygen limitations in highly agitated and aerated laboratory-scale fermentors. Microbial cell factories 28 19146688
2001 Engraftment and albumin production of intrasplenically transplanted rat hepatocytes (Sprague-Dawley), freshly isolated versus cryopreserved, into Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). Cell transplantation 28 11294474
1984 Construction in vitro of a cloned nar operon from Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 28 6330027
2019 The Nonstructural NS1 Protein of Influenza Viruses Modulates TP53 Splicing through Host Factor CPSF4. Journal of virology 25 30651364
2016 Application of an oxygen-inducible nar promoter system in metabolic engineering for production of biochemicals in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 25 27543929
2016 Bufalin Inhibits hTERT Expression and Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting CPSF4. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 25 27997899
2021 CPSF4 regulates circRNA formation and microRNA mediated gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 23 34103682
2002 A cytochrome c encoded by the nar operon is required for the synthesis of active respiratory nitrate reductase in Thermus thermophilus. FEBS letters 22 12123812
1998 Molybdate-dependent transcription of hyc and nar operons of Escherichia coli requires MoeA protein and ModE-molybdate. FEMS microbiology letters 22 9851041
1994 Repression of in vitro transcription of the Escherichia coli fnr and nar X genes by FNR protein. FEBS letters 21 8119409
2002 Mechanism of silver-promoted ligand metathesis in square-planar complexes of d(8) Ions. Kinetics of formation and molecular structures of a trinuclear intermediate [(Me)(N-N)Pt(mu-Cl)Ag(mu-Cl)Pt(N-N)(Me)](+) and its dinuclear evolution product [(Me)(N-N)Pt(mu-Cl)Pt(N-N)(Me)](+) (N-N = ArN=C(Me)C(Me)=NAr, Ar = 2,6-(i-Pr)(2)C(6)H(3)). Inorganic chemistry 19 12005491
2019 Oriented attachment of VNAR proteins, via site-selective modification, on PLGA-PEG nanoparticles enhances nanoconjugate performance. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 16 31204425
2023 Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border. PLOS global public health 15 37141207
2018 Synergistic Antitumor Effect of BKM120 with Prima-1Met Via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and CPSF4/hTERT Signaling and Reactivating Mutant P53. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 15 29495002
2022 Protective effects of NAMPT or MAPK inhibitors and NaR on Wallerian degeneration of mammalian axons. Neurobiology of disease 13 35779777
2020 Molecular mechanism for the interaction between human CPSF30 and hFip1. Genes & development 13 33122294
2014 Virtual screening of potential inhibitors from TCM for the CPSF30 binding site on the NS1A protein of influenza A virus. Journal of molecular modeling 13 24562912
2010 A disulfide linkage in a CCCH zinc finger motif of an Arabidopsis CPSF30 ortholog. FEBS letters 13 20888817
1996 Nucleotide sequence of the nar beta gene encoding assimilatory nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 8605243
2023 Identification of nurse shark VNAR single-domain antibodies targeting the spike S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 12 37191949
2021 Overproduced CPSF4 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion via PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 11 33535057
2015 Importance of the Two Dissimilatory (Nar) Nitrate Reductases in the Growth and Nitrate Reduction of the Methylotrophic Marine Bacterium Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens JAM1. Frontiers in microbiology 11 26733997
1998 Fed-batch cultivation of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the nar promoter in Escherichia coli with an inactivated nar operon. Biotechnology and bioengineering 11 10099353
1996 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the nar promoter, and Escherichia coli with an inactivated nar operon. Biotechnology and bioengineering 11 18629930
1988 Aerobic expression of the nar operon of Escherichia coli in a fnr mutant. Molecular microbiology 11 2840556
2013 Detection and phylogenetic analysis of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) in pure cultures and microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FEMS microbiology ecology 10 23889124
1986 Alteration by mutation of the control by oxygen of the nar operon in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 10 3543621
2023 Humanization of the Shark VNAR Single Domain Antibody Using CDR Grafting. Current protocols 9 36594750
2021 Understanding RNA Binding by the Nonclassical Zinc Finger Protein CPSF30, a Key Factor in Polyadenylation during Pre-mRNA Processing. Biochemistry 8 33615774
2017 Residues F103 and M106 within the influenza A virus NS1 CPSF4-binding region regulate interferon-stimulated gene translation initiation. Virology 8 28554059
2009 The FIP-1 like polyadenylation factor in trypanosomes and the structural basis for its interaction with CPSF30. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 19338765
2008 Toxicokintic and toxicodynamic analysis of clofibrate based on free drug concentrations in nagase analbuminemia rats (NAR). The Journal of toxicological sciences 8 18670166
2000 Development and characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the modified nar promoter in a mutant Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 8 10699879
1997 Organization of the nar genes at the chlZ locus. FEMS microbiology letters 8 9037773
2023 Comprehensive analysis of CPSF4-related alternative splice genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 7 37542549
2022 WTAP promotes oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma development by decreasing CPSF4 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 7 36175708
2020 Unraveling the RNA Binding Properties of the Iron-Sulfur Zinc Finger Protein CPSF30. Biochemistry 7 32027124
2004 Lateral gene transfer in the deep sea of Mariana Trench: identification of nar gene cluster encoding membrane-bound nitrate reductase from Pseudomonas sp. strain MT-1. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 7 15621658
2001 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the nar promoter of Escherichia coli, to utilize in metabolic engineering. Biotechnology and bioengineering 6 11460248
2022 CPSF4 promotes tumor-initiating phenotype by enhancing VEGF/NRP2/TAZ signaling in lung cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 5 36567417
2010 Development of anaerobically inducible nar promoter expression vectors for the expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Journal of biotechnology 5 21111764
2003 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the Escherichia coli nar promoter, in gram-negative host strains. Biotechnology and bioengineering 5 12599253
2024 Characterizing the impact of CPSF30 gene disruption on TuMV infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. GM crops & food 4 39351907
2020 In silico prediction of silver nitrate nanoparticles and Nitrate Reductase A (NAR A) interaction in the treatment of infectious disease causing clinical strains of E. coli. Journal of infection and public health 4 32855089
2019 RcsB-dependent effects on nar operon regulation during the aerobic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. Biochimie 4 31563538
2015 Simultaneous acid red 27 decolourisation and bioelectricity generation in a (H-type) microbial fuel cell configuration using NAR-2. Environmental science and pollution research international 4 26490910
2011 SAR studies of C2 ethers of 2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-triones as nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonist. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 3 22209457
2010 [Development of a yeast two-hybrid screen for selection of A/H1N1 influenza NS1 non-structural protein and human CPSF30 protein interaction inhibitors]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 3 21351518
2007 Cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of the NAR promoter activated during hyphal stage of Magnaporthe grisea. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 3 17726747
2025 Management succinate release through SDHA by G protein-coupled receptor 91 signal, TRAP1, and SIRT3 regulation in lung cancer cells by NAR nanoparticles. Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology 2 40074439
2024 CPSF4-mediated regulation of alternative splicing of HMG20B facilitates the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Journal of translational medicine 2 39731153
2023 Cleavage and Polyadenylation-Specific Factor 4 (CPSF4) Expression Is Associated with Enhanced Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Cell Cycle Dysregulation, In Vitro. International journal of molecular sciences 2 37629142
2015 Nar is the dominant dissimilatory nitrate reductase under high pressure conditions in the deep-sea denitrifier Pseudomonas sp. MT-1. The Journal of general and applied microbiology 2 25833675
2007 Artificial control of nitrate respiration through the lac promoter permits the assessment of oxygen-mediated posttranslational regulation of the nar operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of bacteriology 2 17616601
2024 Knockdown of CPSF4 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Growth by Upregulating NRF1. Biochemical genetics 1 39039322
2024 Functional Analysis of CPSF30 in Nilaparvata lugens Using RNA Interference Reveals Its Essential Role in Development and Survival. Insects 1 39590459