Affinage

CPSF4

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 · UniProt O95639

Length
269 aa
Mass
30.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CPSF4 (CPSF30) is a multi-zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that serves as a sequence-recognition core of the mammalian pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation machinery (PMID:25301780, PMID:32027124). Its zinc fingers 2 and 3 directly contact the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal, an interaction essential for mRNA 3' processing, while AAUAAA recognition requires all five CCCH domains acting in concert (PMID:25301780, PMID:32027124). Beyond signal recognition, CPSF4 carries a 2Fe-2S cluster in addition to five zinc ions, and its CCHC zinc knuckle provides a second RNA-binding mode that binds auxiliary polyU motifs and cooperatively rescues binding to suboptimal AU-rich hexamer variants not recognized by the CCCH cluster alone (PMID:32027124, PMID:33615774). On the polyadenylation side, ZF4 and ZF5 each bind one molecule of hFip1 in a 1:2 stoichiometry — ZF4 with higher affinity — and this CPSF30–hFip1 assembly recruits two copies of poly(A) polymerase, with both binding sites supporting polyadenylation (PMID:33122294). The ZF2-ZF3 module is the target of influenza A NS1, which binds CPSF30 to globally suppress host pre-mRNA 3' processing and innate immune signaling; this binding is a virulence determinant that blocks type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine induction (PMID:16571812, PMID:25078692, PMID:23255794). Independently of its core processing role, CPSF4 modulates alternative splicing of TP53 and HMG20B transcripts (PMID:30651364, PMID:39731153), and in cancer cells binds promoters of hTERT, VEGF, and NRP2 to activate their transcription and drive proliferative and tumor-initiating programs (PMID:27997899, PMID:36567417).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2006 High

    Established that influenza NS1 hijacks a defined CPSF30 module to shut down host gene expression, framing CPSF30 as both a 3'-processing factor and an antiviral interface.

    Evidence Mutagenesis mapping NS1 binding to F2F3 of CPSF30, stable F2F3 fragment expression, viral replication and IFN-β induction assays

    PMID:16571812

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve atomic basis of the F2F3-NS1 interface
    • Endogenous CPSF30 3'-processing role not directly assayed here
  2. 2008 High

    Showed the CPSF30–NS1 interaction is reinforced within an infection-specific complex, defining which viral partners stabilize host-factor sequestration.

    Evidence Co-IP in infected cells, reverse genetics with polymerase subunit swaps, mutant NS1A viruses

    PMID:19052083

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which PA/NP stabilize binding not structurally defined
    • Consequences for specific host transcripts not mapped
  3. 2013 Medium

    Linked CPSF30 sequestration by NS1 to suppression of innate immunity in physiologically relevant primary cells, establishing functional consequence of the interaction.

    Evidence Recombinant viruses with mutant CPSF30-binding NS1, infection of human primary dendritic cells, IFN/cytokine measurement

    PMID:23255794

    Open questions at the time
    • Single virus strain background
    • Did not separate 3'-processing block from other NS1 functions
  4. 2014 High

    Pinpointed ZF2-ZF3 as the direct AAUAAA-recognition module, answering how the polyadenylation signal is read by CPSF.

    Evidence In vitro RNA binding, iCLIP, and zinc-finger domain mutagenesis

    PMID:25301780

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure of the AAUAAA-bound state not provided
    • Contribution of other CPSF subunits to specificity not isolated
  5. 2014 High

    Demonstrated that CPSF30 binding by NS1 is a determinant of viral virulence in vivo, elevating the interaction from molecular curiosity to pathogenesis driver.

    Evidence Site-directed I106M mutagenesis, reverse genetics, in vivo infection, Co-IP

    PMID:25078692

    Open questions at the time
    • Host 3'-processing changes underlying virulence not directly profiled
  6. 2020 High

    Resolved how CPSF30 couples signal recognition to polyadenylation by showing ZF4/ZF5 each recruit hFip1, which in turn brings in poly(A) polymerase.

    Evidence 1.9 Å crystal structure of CPSF30 ZF4-ZF5–hFip1, fluorescence polarization, mutagenesis, in vitro polyadenylation

    PMID:33122294

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry within the full CPSF holocomplex in cells not addressed
    • Functional necessity of dual hFip1 sites in vivo untested
  7. 2020 High

    Revealed a 2Fe-2S cluster and a second RNA-binding mode (CCHC zinc knuckle for polyU), expanding CPSF30 beyond a simple AAUAAA reader.

    Evidence ICP-MS, UV-Vis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy with truncation variants

    PMID:32027124

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the 2Fe-2S cluster unknown
    • polyU-binding contribution to processing in cells not established
  8. 2021 Medium

    Defined how the CCCH cluster and CCHC knuckle cooperate, explaining tolerance of suboptimal AAUAAA variants.

    Evidence Fluorescence anisotropy with systematic AAUAAA variants comparing CPSF30-5F vs full-length

    PMID:33615774

    Open questions at the time
    • No independent replication
    • Cooperativity not validated in a cellular processing context
  9. 2019 Medium

    Extended CPSF4 function to alternative splicing of TP53, connecting it to p53 isoform output and interferon responses.

    Evidence TP53 minigene splicing assay, siRNA knockdown, NS1–CPSF4 interaction, IFN secretion

    PMID:30651364

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding of CPSF4 to TP53 pre-mRNA not shown
    • Mechanism distinguishing splicing from 3'-processing role unclear
  10. 2024 Medium

    Generalized the splicing-regulatory role by globally mapping CPSF4-bound transcripts and showing control of HMG20B 3' splice-site choice.

    Evidence RIP-seq, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR splicing validation, siRNA functional assays in TNBC cells

    PMID:39731153

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism linking binding to splice-site suppression not biochemically reconstituted
    • Single cancer context
  11. 2016 Medium

    Identified CPSF4 as a direct promoter-binding transcriptional activator of hTERT, a role distinct from RNA processing.

    Evidence Pulldown, luciferase reporter, and ChIP assays in colorectal cancer cells

    PMID:27997899

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define how an RNA-binding factor engages DNA promoters
    • No structural basis for promoter binding
  12. 2015 Medium

    Placed CPSF4 in a cancer growth circuit with CBP driving hTERT transcription, linking it to proliferative control.

    Evidence Co-IP, immunofluorescence co-localization, reciprocal siRNA knockdown, hTERT and proliferation assays in lung cancer

    PMID:26628108

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect nature of CBP–CPSF4 functional synergy unresolved
  13. 2021 Medium

    Connected CPSF4's polyadenylation-signal recognition to circRNA/miRNA regulation in driving hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Knockdown/overexpression in culture and xenografts, circRNA profiling, miRNA accumulation measurement

    PMID:34103682

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CPSF4 action on individual circRNAs not biochemically dissected
  14. 2022 Low

    Proposed CPSF4 as an upstream transcriptional activator of VEGF and NRP2 driving tumor-initiating phenotypes.

    Evidence ChIP for VEGF/NRP2 promoters, siRNA/overexpression, in vitro and in vivo assays in lung cancer

    PMID:36567417

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream TAZ pathway placement rests on indirect readouts
    • No direct structural basis for promoter engagement
  15. 2022 Low

    Suggested CPSF4 is itself epitranscriptomically controlled via WTAP-deposited m6A and YTHDF2-mediated decay.

    Evidence m6A microarray, WTAP knockdown, YTHDF2 involvement assays in oesophageal carcinoma

    PMID:36175708

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct reconstitution of YTHDF2-mediated CPSF4 mRNA degradation
    • Single lab, indirect evidence
  16. 2024 Low

    Linked CPSF4 to negative regulation of NRF1 in bladder cancer growth via genetic epistasis.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, Western blot, proliferation/spheroid assays, xenograft with sequential NRF1 knockdown

    PMID:39039322

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct biochemical mechanism for CPSF4 control of NRF1
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CPSF4's core 3'-processing activity is mechanistically repurposed for promoter-level transcriptional activation and splice-site selection in cancer remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking RNA-processing and DNA-binding/transcriptional functions
  • Role of the 2Fe-2S cluster in any function undefined
  • Structure of CPSF4 bound to promoter DNA absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
CREBBPFIP1L1NS1PAP
Complex memberships
CPSF

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 CPSF30 (CPSF4) directly contacts the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal in mammalian mRNA 3' processing; this interaction is primarily mediated by zinc fingers 2 and 3 (ZF2-ZF3) and is essential for mRNA 3' end processing. In vitro RNA binding assays and in vivo crosslinking/immunoprecipitation (iCLIP); mutagenesis of zinc finger domains Genes & development High 25301780
2006 CPSF30 binding to the influenza A NS1A protein is mediated specifically by zinc fingers 2 and 3 (F2F3) of CPSF30, and this interaction inhibits 3'-end processing of cellular pre-mRNAs including IFN-β. Constitutive nuclear expression of F2F3 inhibits influenza A virus replication by competing with endogenous CPSF30 for NS1A binding. Mutagenesis, stable cell line expression of epitope-tagged F2F3 fragment, viral replication assay, IFN-β mRNA induction assay Journal of virology High 16571812
2008 The influenza A virus polymerase complex (specifically PA protein and NP, but not PB1/PB2) is an integral component of the CPSF30–NS1A complex in infected cells, stabilizing CPSF30 binding to NS1A even when NS1A contains suboptimal hydrophobic residues at positions 103/106. Co-immunoprecipitation in infected cells, reverse genetics with cognate/non-cognate polymerase swaps, mutant NS1A viruses Journal of virology High 19052083
2014 An I106M substitution in H7N9 influenza NS1 restores CPSF30 binding and the ability to block host gene expression, and a recombinant virus expressing NS1-I106M replicates to higher titers in vivo, demonstrating that CPSF30 binding by NS1 is a virulence determinant. Site-directed mutagenesis, reverse genetics, in vivo infection, Co-immunoprecipitation Journal of virology High 25078692
2020 The crystal structure of human CPSF30 ZF4-ZF5 in complex with hFip1 residues 161–200 (1.9 Å resolution) reveals that one hFip1 molecule binds each of ZF4 and ZF5 with a conserved interaction mode (1:2 stoichiometry). ZF4 has higher affinity for hFip1 (Kd = 1.8 nM). The CPSF30–hFip1 complex recruits two copies of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) and both hFip1 binding sites in CPSF30 support polyadenylation. X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å), mutagenesis of CPSF30 binding sites, fluorescence polarization binding assays, in vitro polyadenylation assay Genes & development High 33122294
2020 Full-length CPSF30 contains one 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster in addition to five zinc ions. Full-length CPSF30 binds both AAUAAA and polyU pre-mRNA motifs with high affinity; AAUAAA binding requires all five CCCH domains whereas polyU binding requires full-length CPSF30 (implicating the CCHC zinc knuckle). Truncated forms (ZF2-ZF3 alone or CCHC alone) do not exhibit RNA binding. ICP-MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (metal content), fluorescence anisotropy RNA binding assays with truncation variants Biochemistry High 32027124
2021 Bases at positions 1, 2, 4, and 5 within the AAUAAA hexamer are important for CPSF30 binding; flanking A/U residues promote higher-affinity binding than G/C. The CCHC zinc knuckle restores binding to AU hexamer variants that are not recognized by the five CCCH domains alone, indicating the two RNA-binding modules (CCCH cluster and zinc knuckle) act cooperatively. Fluorescence anisotropy binding assays with systematic AAUAAA sequence variants; comparison of CPSF30-5F (five CCCH domains) vs full-length CPSF30 Biochemistry Medium 33615774
2019 CPSF4 (CPSF30), independently and through its interaction with influenza NS1, modulates alternative splicing of TP53 transcripts, altering expression of p53 isoforms and affecting type I interferon secretion and viral replication. TP53 minigene splicing assay, siRNA knockdown of CPSF4, NS1–CPSF4 interaction in infected cells, IFN secretion measurement Journal of virology Medium 30651364
2015 CBP (CREB-binding protein) co-localizes and physically interacts with CPSF4 in lung cancer cells. Knockdown of CPSF4 inhibits hTERT transcription and cell growth induced by CBP, and vice versa, demonstrating a synergistic relationship between CBP and CPSF4 in regulating lung cancer cell growth. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, siRNA knockdown of CPSF4 and CBP, hTERT transcription assay, cell proliferation assay Molecular oncology Medium 26628108
2016 CPSF4 binds to the hTERT promoter in colorectal cancer cells, as demonstrated by pulldown assays, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), identifying CPSF4 as an hTERT promoter-binding protein. Pulldown assay, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay Cellular physiology and biochemistry Medium 27997899
2021 CPSF4 reduces levels of circRNAs that contain a polyadenylation signal sequence, thereby decreasing miRNA accumulation and disrupting miRNA-mediated gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma. CPSF4 promotes HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity through this circRNA inhibition mechanism. Knockdown/overexpression of CPSF4 in cell culture and xenograft mouse models, circRNA profiling, miRNA accumulation measurement Oncogene Medium 34103682
2009 In trypanosomes, TcCPSF30 physically interacts with TcFIP1-like (a polyadenylation factor); specific amino acids in each protein mediating this interaction were mapped, showing differences from the human CPSF30–FIP1 interaction surface. Yeast two-hybrid / biochemical interaction mapping, identification of interacting residues by mutagenesis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 19338765
2022 WTAP-catalyzed m6A modification of the CPSF4 transcript reduces its stability through YTHDF2, thereby decreasing CPSF4 protein expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, WTAP knockdown, YTHDF2 involvement assay, m6A quantification Medical oncology Low 36175708
2022 CPSF4 binds to the promoters of VEGF and NRP2, activating their transcription; CPSF4/VEGF/NRP2 signaling drives tumor-initiating phenotype and chemoresistance through TAZ induction in lung cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for VEGF and NRP2 promoters, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vitro and in vivo functional assays Medical oncology Low 36567417
2024 CPSF4 regulates alternative splicing of HMG20B by inhibiting alternative 3' splice site events, thereby promoting TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RIP-seq identified CPSF4-interacting transcripts globally. RIP-seq (RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing), RNA-seq, qRT-PCR validation of splicing events, siRNA knockdown functional assays Journal of translational medicine Medium 39731153
2024 CPSF4 negatively regulates NRF1 protein expression; knockdown of CPSF4 upregulates NRF1, and the additional knockdown of NRF1 partially reverses the growth-inhibitory effects of CPSF4 knockdown in bladder cancer cells and xenograft models. siRNA knockdown, Western blot, cell proliferation/migration/spheroid assays, in vivo xenograft Biochemical genetics Low 39039322
2013 The CPSF30 binding function of influenza NS1 (from A/Texas/36/91) is essential for counteracting innate immune events (type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine production) in human primary dendritic cells infected with influenza virus. Recombinant viruses encoding NS1 with mutant CPSF30-binding domain, infection of human primary dendritic cells, IFN and cytokine measurement Journal of virology Medium 23255794

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 CPSF30 and Wdr33 directly bind to AAUAAA in mammalian mRNA 3' processing. Genes & development 186 25301780
1998 Structural analysis of the nurse shark (new) antigen receptor (NAR): molecular convergence of NAR and unusual mammalian immunoglobulins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 182 9751746
1988 Identification and expression of genes narL and narX of the nar (nitrate reductase) locus in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of bacteriology 157 2832370
2006 The CPSF30 binding site on the NS1A protein of influenza A virus is a potential antiviral target. Journal of virology 151 16571812
2008 Influenza a virus polymerase is an integral component of the CPSF30-NS1A protein complex in infected cells. Journal of virology 107 19052083
1998 Somatic hypermutation of the new antigen receptor gene (NAR) in the nurse shark does not generate the repertoire: possible role in antigen-driven reactions in the absence of germinal centers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 9826702
1999 Mutational pattern of the nurse shark antigen receptor gene (NAR) is similar to that of mammalian Ig genes and to spontaneous mutations in evolution: the translesion synthesis model of somatic hypermutation. International immunology 89 10330287
2006 An evolutionarily mobile antigen receptor variable region gene: doubly rearranging NAR-TcR genes in sharks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83 16549799
1994 Nar-1 and Nar-2, Two Loci Required for Mla12-Specified Race-Specific Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley. The Plant cell 81 12244263
1989 Structure of genes narL and narX of the nar (nitrate reductase) locus in Escherichia coli K-12. Journal of bacteriology 81 2649492
2018 Construction and next-generation sequencing analysis of a large phage-displayed VNAR single-domain antibody library from six naïve nurse sharks. Antibody therapeutics 77 30627698
1988 Location of sequences in the nar promoter of Escherichia coli required for regulation by Fnr and NarL. The Journal of biological chemistry 75 3138237
2012 In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination. Chemosphere 73 23146276
2014 A single amino acid substitution in the novel H7N9 influenza A virus NS1 protein increases CPSF30 binding and virulence. Journal of virology 72 25078692
1988 narI region of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase (nar) operon contains two genes. Journal of bacteriology 65 2832376
2001 Characterization and transcriptional analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens denitrifying clusters containing the nar, nir, nor and nos genes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 62 11342223
2002 A naturally occurring NAR variable domain binds the Kgp protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis. FEBS letters 60 11959108
1988 Bacterial catalysis of nitrosation: involvement of the nar operon of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 58 3275620
2020 Ancient species offers contemporary therapeutics: an update on shark VNAR single domain antibody sequences, phage libraries and potential clinical applications. Antibody therapeutics 56 32118195
2013 Influenza A/Hong Kong/156/1997(H5N1) virus NS1 gene mutations F103L and M106I both increase IFN antagonism, virulence and cytoplasmic localization but differ in binding to RIG-I and CPSF30. Virology journal 51 23886034
1987 Promoter region of the nar operon of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and transcription initiation signals. Journal of bacteriology 47 3308846
1999 Transcriptional regulation of molybdoenzyme synthesis in Escherichia coli in response to molybdenum: ModE-molybdate, a repressor of the modABCD (molybdate transport) operon is a secondary transcriptional activator for the hyc and nar operons. Microbiology (Reading, England) 46 10206709
2015 CPSF30 at the Interface of Alternative Polyadenylation and Cellular Signaling in Plants. Biomolecules 45 26061761
2020 LncRNA NEAT1 Regulates 5-Fu Sensitivity, Apoptosis and Invasion in Colorectal Cancer Through the MiR-150-5p/CPSF4 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 44 32669857
2007 Mechanistic insight into hydrosilylation reactions catalyzed by high valent ReX (X = O, NAr, or N) complexes: the silane (Si-H) does not add across the metal-ligand multiple bond. Journal of the American Chemical Society 44 17388597
2022 A novel PD-L1-targeted shark VNAR single-domain-based CAR-T cell strategy for treating breast cancer and liver cancer. Molecular therapy oncolytics 43 35317524
2018 Engineering and application of synthetic nar promoter for fine-tuning the expression of metabolic pathway genes in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology for biofuels 41 29636821
2013 The 2014 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue and an updated NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection. Nucleic acids research 40 24316579
1992 In vivo requirement of integration host factor for nar (nitrate reductase) operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40 1528882
2002 Mutagenic events in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells generated in response to acetylaminofluorene-derived DNA adducts positioned in the Nar I restriction enzyme site. Biochemistry 38 12450390
2015 CREB-binding protein regulates lung cancer growth by targeting MAPK and CPSF4 signaling pathway. Molecular oncology 37 26628108
1992 Role of alternative promoter elements in transcription from the nar promoter of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 36 1735706
1983 Plasma lipid concentrations and enzyme activities in Nagase analbuminemia rats (NAR). Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals 35 6852119
2021 Enzyme-Specific Coupling of Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation of the Nap and Nar Nitrate Reductases. Environmental science & technology 34 33687201
1983 chlC (nar) operon of Escherichia coli includes structural genes for alpha and beta subunits of nitrate reductase. Journal of bacteriology 33 6298188
2019 MiR-4458 inhibits breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasiveness by targeting CPSF4. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 32 30970220
2018 Isolation and characterization of malaria PfHRP2 specific VNAR antibody fragments from immunized shark phage display library. Malaria journal 32 30355309
1988 Protein-mediated hepatic uptake of rose bengal in analbuminemic mutant rats (NAR). Albumin is not indispensable to the protein-mediated transport of rose bengal. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 32 2457477
1985 Delineation of two distinct regulatory domains in the 5' region of the nar operon of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 32 2995309
2012 Contribution of double-stranded RNA and CPSF30 binding domains of influenza virus NS1 to the inhibition of type I interferon production and activation of human dendritic cells. Journal of virology 31 23255794
1984 Penetration of bilirubin into the brain in albumin-deficient and jaundiced rats (AJR) and Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). Journal of biochemistry 31 6543363
2009 Microbial nar-GFP cell sensors reveal oxygen limitations in highly agitated and aerated laboratory-scale fermentors. Microbial cell factories 28 19146688
2001 Engraftment and albumin production of intrasplenically transplanted rat hepatocytes (Sprague-Dawley), freshly isolated versus cryopreserved, into Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). Cell transplantation 28 11294474
1984 Construction in vitro of a cloned nar operon from Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 28 6330027
2019 The Nonstructural NS1 Protein of Influenza Viruses Modulates TP53 Splicing through Host Factor CPSF4. Journal of virology 26 30651364
2016 Application of an oxygen-inducible nar promoter system in metabolic engineering for production of biochemicals in Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 26 27543929
2016 Bufalin Inhibits hTERT Expression and Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting CPSF4. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 25 27997899
2021 CPSF4 regulates circRNA formation and microRNA mediated gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 23 34103682
2002 A cytochrome c encoded by the nar operon is required for the synthesis of active respiratory nitrate reductase in Thermus thermophilus. FEBS letters 22 12123812
1998 Molybdate-dependent transcription of hyc and nar operons of Escherichia coli requires MoeA protein and ModE-molybdate. FEMS microbiology letters 22 9851041
1994 Repression of in vitro transcription of the Escherichia coli fnr and nar X genes by FNR protein. FEBS letters 21 8119409
2002 Mechanism of silver-promoted ligand metathesis in square-planar complexes of d(8) Ions. Kinetics of formation and molecular structures of a trinuclear intermediate [(Me)(N-N)Pt(mu-Cl)Ag(mu-Cl)Pt(N-N)(Me)](+) and its dinuclear evolution product [(Me)(N-N)Pt(mu-Cl)Pt(N-N)(Me)](+) (N-N = ArN=C(Me)C(Me)=NAr, Ar = 2,6-(i-Pr)(2)C(6)H(3)). Inorganic chemistry 19 12005491
2023 Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border. PLOS global public health 16 37141207
2019 Oriented attachment of VNAR proteins, via site-selective modification, on PLGA-PEG nanoparticles enhances nanoconjugate performance. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 16 31204425
2018 Synergistic Antitumor Effect of BKM120 with Prima-1Met Via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and CPSF4/hTERT Signaling and Reactivating Mutant P53. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 15 29495002
2020 Molecular mechanism for the interaction between human CPSF30 and hFip1. Genes & development 14 33122294
2022 Protective effects of NAMPT or MAPK inhibitors and NaR on Wallerian degeneration of mammalian axons. Neurobiology of disease 13 35779777
2014 Virtual screening of potential inhibitors from TCM for the CPSF30 binding site on the NS1A protein of influenza A virus. Journal of molecular modeling 13 24562912
1996 Nucleotide sequence of the nar beta gene encoding assimilatory nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria chalybea. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 8605243
2023 Identification of nurse shark VNAR single-domain antibodies targeting the spike S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 12 37191949
2015 Importance of the Two Dissimilatory (Nar) Nitrate Reductases in the Growth and Nitrate Reduction of the Methylotrophic Marine Bacterium Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens JAM1. Frontiers in microbiology 12 26733997
2023 Humanization of the Shark VNAR Single Domain Antibody Using CDR Grafting. Current protocols 11 36594750
2021 Overproduced CPSF4 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion via PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 11 33535057
1998 Fed-batch cultivation of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the nar promoter in Escherichia coli with an inactivated nar operon. Biotechnology and bioengineering 11 10099353
1996 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the nar promoter, and Escherichia coli with an inactivated nar operon. Biotechnology and bioengineering 11 18629930
1988 Aerobic expression of the nar operon of Escherichia coli in a fnr mutant. Molecular microbiology 11 2840556
2013 Detection and phylogenetic analysis of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) in pure cultures and microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FEMS microbiology ecology 10 23889124
1986 Alteration by mutation of the control by oxygen of the nar operon in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 10 3543621
2017 Residues F103 and M106 within the influenza A virus NS1 CPSF4-binding region regulate interferon-stimulated gene translation initiation. Virology 9 28554059
2021 Understanding RNA Binding by the Nonclassical Zinc Finger Protein CPSF30, a Key Factor in Polyadenylation during Pre-mRNA Processing. Biochemistry 8 33615774
2020 Unraveling the RNA Binding Properties of the Iron-Sulfur Zinc Finger Protein CPSF30. Biochemistry 8 32027124
2009 The FIP-1 like polyadenylation factor in trypanosomes and the structural basis for its interaction with CPSF30. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 19338765
2008 Toxicokintic and toxicodynamic analysis of clofibrate based on free drug concentrations in nagase analbuminemia rats (NAR). The Journal of toxicological sciences 8 18670166
2000 Development and characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the modified nar promoter in a mutant Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 8 10699879
1997 Organization of the nar genes at the chlZ locus. FEMS microbiology letters 8 9037773
2023 Comprehensive analysis of CPSF4-related alternative splice genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 7 37542549
2022 WTAP promotes oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma development by decreasing CPSF4 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 7 36175708
2004 Lateral gene transfer in the deep sea of Mariana Trench: identification of nar gene cluster encoding membrane-bound nitrate reductase from Pseudomonas sp. strain MT-1. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 7 15621658
2001 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the nar promoter of Escherichia coli, to utilize in metabolic engineering. Biotechnology and bioengineering 6 11460248
2022 CPSF4 promotes tumor-initiating phenotype by enhancing VEGF/NRP2/TAZ signaling in lung cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 5 36567417
2010 Development of anaerobically inducible nar promoter expression vectors for the expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Journal of biotechnology 5 21111764
2003 Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the Escherichia coli nar promoter, in gram-negative host strains. Biotechnology and bioengineering 5 12599253
2020 In silico prediction of silver nitrate nanoparticles and Nitrate Reductase A (NAR A) interaction in the treatment of infectious disease causing clinical strains of E. coli. Journal of infection and public health 4 32855089
2019 RcsB-dependent effects on nar operon regulation during the aerobic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. Biochimie 4 31563538
2015 Simultaneous acid red 27 decolourisation and bioelectricity generation in a (H-type) microbial fuel cell configuration using NAR-2. Environmental science and pollution research international 4 26490910
2010 [Development of a yeast two-hybrid screen for selection of A/H1N1 influenza NS1 non-structural protein and human CPSF30 protein interaction inhibitors]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 4 21351518
2011 SAR studies of C2 ethers of 2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-triones as nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonist. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 3 22209457
2007 Cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of the NAR promoter activated during hyphal stage of Magnaporthe grisea. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 3 17726747
2025 Management succinate release through SDHA by G protein-coupled receptor 91 signal, TRAP1, and SIRT3 regulation in lung cancer cells by NAR nanoparticles. Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology 2 40074439
2024 CPSF4-mediated regulation of alternative splicing of HMG20B facilitates the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Journal of translational medicine 2 39731153
2023 Cleavage and Polyadenylation-Specific Factor 4 (CPSF4) Expression Is Associated with Enhanced Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Cell Cycle Dysregulation, In Vitro. International journal of molecular sciences 2 37629142
2015 Nar is the dominant dissimilatory nitrate reductase under high pressure conditions in the deep-sea denitrifier Pseudomonas sp. MT-1. The Journal of general and applied microbiology 2 25833675
2007 Artificial control of nitrate respiration through the lac promoter permits the assessment of oxygen-mediated posttranslational regulation of the nar operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of bacteriology 2 17616601
2025 Does the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) Predict Metabolic Profile and Glycemic Status Among the Obese Population? Nutrition and metabolic insights 1 39758454
2025 A coaxial electrospun PLLA/PPDO/NAR mesh for abdominal wall hernia repair. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) 1 39938213
2025 Bioresponsive Nar-Zn@GelMA Hydrogel Reprograms the Diabetic Wound Microenvironment via Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Synergy. Advanced healthcare materials 1 41235944
2024 Knockdown of CPSF4 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Growth by Upregulating NRF1. Biochemical genetics 1 39039322
2024 A New Real-Time Simple Method to Measure the Endogenous Nitrate Reductase Activity (Nar) in Paracoccus denitrificans and Other Denitrifying Bacteria. International journal of molecular sciences 1 39337258
2024 Functional Analysis of CPSF30 in Nilaparvata lugens Using RNA Interference Reveals Its Essential Role in Development and Survival. Insects 1 39590459
2006 Tandem and single genes of three membrane-bound nitrate transporters in the nar gene cluster of the moderately halophilic denitrifier, Halomonas halodenitrificans. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 1 17343210

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