Affinage

Showing PTGS2 — COX2 is a alias.

PTGS2

Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 · UniProt P35354

Length
604 aa
Mass
69.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PTGS2 (COX-2) is the inducible prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin biosynthesis, producing PGE2 and related eicosanoids that act through EP receptors to control inflammation, reproduction, epithelial homeostasis, and tumor biology (PMID:8181472, PMID:31581537). The gene is a highly regulated transcriptional hub: its TATA-containing promoter carries NF-κB, CRE, AP-1, and other regulatory elements (PMID:8181472), and multiple converging signals govern its induction. ROS-driven NF-κB activation drives PTGS2 transcription downstream of PGF2α in the corpus luteum, with NF-κB p65 binding directly to the promoter (PMID:20826536). Additional direct promoter-binding transcription factors include the activator RUNX1 (PMID:38778047), HIF1A (PMID:36569299), STAT1 (PMID:40222167), and KLF4 (PMID:39543734), while ATF3 and the nuclear receptor REV-ERBα act as direct repressors (PMID:25619459, PMID:25007867). The locus is further controlled epigenetically through methylation-sensitive CTCF/cohesin-mediated chromatin looping (PMID:25703332) and through a CTCF/lncRNA-PACERR complex that recruits p300 to acetylate the PTGS2 promoter (PMID:35184402). Inducible signaling pathways feeding PTGS2 expression include TLR/MyD88 (PMID:17200722), activin A acting via ACVR1B and SMAD2/3-SMAD4 (PMID:27624482), AKAP95-anchored nuclear PKA/CREB signaling (PMID:29162743), and PKC-p38/MEK1/2 MAPK cascades (PMID:18212353), while PTGS2 mRNA is post-transcriptionally stabilized by AMPK (PMID:31581537). Functionally, PTGS2-derived PGE2 sits upstream of the ovulatory gene cascade (AREG, EREG, TNFAIP6) and oocyte MAPK activation during maturation (PMID:21293029, PMID:25323036), supports colonic epithelial proliferation in the stem cell niche (PMID:17200722), and promotes beta cell survival through a PGE2-PTGER1 axis (PMID:35602948). In cancer, PTGS2 mediates immune exclusion and chemo-/radioresistance, lying downstream of EPHA2-TGFβ signaling and feeding back to activate NF-κB, promoting myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation, M2 macrophage polarization, and drug efflux (PMID:31162144, PMID:30740906, PMID:35184402). ROBO4 suppresses endothelial PTGS2 by forming a complex with IQGAP1 and the E3 ligase TRAF7 that promotes IQGAP1 ubiquitination and dampens RAC1 signaling (PMID:38762541).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 25 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Establishing that PTGS2 is a genetically distinct, inducible cyclooxygenase isozyme separate from constitutive PTGS1 defined it as the regulatable arm of prostaglandin synthesis and explained how its expression could be acutely controlled.

    Evidence Gene isolation, sequencing, primer extension, and FISH mapping the human PTGS2 locus

    PMID:8181472

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter elements were identified by sequence, not yet shown to be functionally occupied
    • Enzymatic kinetics not characterized in this entry
  2. 2007 High

    Genetic epistasis placed Ptgs2/PGE2 downstream of TLR/MyD88 signaling in tissue repair, showing that spatial repositioning of PTGS2-expressing stromal cells, not expression level alone, sustains epithelial proliferation.

    Evidence Myd88−/− and Ptgs2−/− knockout mice with dmPGE2 rescue and crypt histology

    PMID:17200722

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of stromal cell repositioning not defined
    • EP receptor mediating epithelial response not identified here
  3. 2008 Medium

    Dissecting the PKC-MAPK input showed that p38 and MEK1/2 cascades drive PTGS2 induction independently of effects on prostaglandin catabolism, identifying divergent kinase routes to PTGS2 expression.

    Evidence Pharmacological PKC/JNK/p38/MEK1/2 inhibitors in human chorion trophoblasts with RT-qPCR

    PMID:18212353

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcription factor linking MAPK to the promoter not identified
    • Pharmacological inhibitors only, no genetic confirmation
  4. 2010 High

    Demonstrating ROS-dependent NF-κB p65 binding to the PTGS2 promoter established a feed-forward loop in which PGF2α amplifies its own synthesis through oxidative NF-κB activation.

    Evidence In vivo rat model, EMSA of NF-κB at PTGS2 promoter, ROS scavengers, and PTGS2 inhibitor NS-398

    PMID:20826536

    Open questions at the time
    • Source of ROS not pinpointed
    • Direct NF-κB binding shown by EMSA but not in situ ChIP
  5. 2011 High

    PTGS2-derived PGE2 was shown to be required for oocyte ERK1/2 activation, cumulus expansion, and spindle organization during maturation, defining a reproductive role acting through EP2/3/4 receptors.

    Evidence Bovine oocyte in vitro maturation with NS-398, PGE2 rescue, spindle immunofluorescence, receptor expression

    PMID:21293029

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of each EP receptor not resolved
    • Downstream of ERK1/2 not mapped
  6. 2011 High

    Identifying RNA pol-II 5'-pausing and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transrepression at the PTGS2 locus revealed that the gene is controlled at the level of transcriptional elongation, not just initiation.

    Evidence ChIP for pol-II, CTD Ser5/Ser2 phosphorylation and histone marks in dexamethasone-treated human amnion

    PMID:21385935

    Open questions at the time
    • Factors releasing the paused polymerase not identified here
    • GRα co-repressor partners not defined
  7. 2013 Medium

    siRNA silencing placed PTGS2-derived prostaglandins upstream of the ovulatory effectors AREG, EREG, and TNFAIP6 (but not PTX3), ordering PTGS2 within the LH-induced ovulation cascade.

    Evidence PTGS2 siRNA knockdown in bovine granulosa cells with PGE2 rescue and RT-qPCR

    PMID:25323036

    Open questions at the time
    • EP receptor and signaling route to these genes not defined
    • Single lab, single species
  8. 2013 Medium

    Mapping a ROS/NF-κB to PTGS2 to PGE2/EP4/MAPK to BCL2 axis explained how PTGS2 drives apoptosis resistance, establishing it as a mediator of chemoresistance.

    Evidence siRNA, celecoxib/NS-398, and gastric cancer xenografts with western blot

    PMID:31518663

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct EP4-MAPK coupling shown pharmacologically only
    • Single tumor type
  9. 2014 Medium

    Identifying REV-ERBα as a circadian repressor of PTGS2 linked clock machinery to the temporal control of prostaglandin output in the uterus.

    Evidence BMAL1 siRNA, REV-ERBα agonist/antagonist, RT-qPCR and PGF2α ELISA in bovine uterine cells

    PMID:25007867

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct REV-ERBα promoter occupancy not shown
    • Repression inferred pharmacologically
  10. 2015 High

    ChIP localization of ATF3 to the Ptgs2 promoter and the inflammatory phenotype of Atf3−/− mice identified a direct transcriptional brake limiting prostaglandin production during acute inflammation.

    Evidence ATF3 ChIP, Atf3−/− macrophages and peritonitis model with prostaglandin measurement

    PMID:25619459

    Open questions at the time
    • ATF3 co-repressor complex composition not defined
    • Stimulus specificity beyond zymosan not tested
  11. 2015 High

    Showing that DNA methylation disrupts CTCF/cohesin-mediated chromatin looping and abolishes P-TEFb recruitment established a 3D-chromatin and epigenetic layer of PTGS2 control.

    Evidence ChIP for CTCF/cohesin/elongation factors, 3C chromatin conformation, methylation analysis, siRNA and luciferase reporter

    PMID:25703332

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger setting locus methylation status not defined
    • Connection to specific physiological signals unresolved
  12. 2016 Medium

    Demonstrating activin A induction of PTGS2 through ACVR1B-SMAD2/3-SMAD4 added a TGF-β superfamily input to PTGS2 regulation in luteinized granulosa cells.

    Evidence SB431542, SMAD2/3 and SMAD4 siRNA, PGE2 ELISA, western blot and RT-qPCR in granulosa-lutein cells

    PMID:27624482

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SMAD binding to the PTGS2 promoter not shown
    • Single lab
  13. 2017 High

    Identifying AKAP95-anchored nuclear PKA as the route for cortisol-induced PTGS2 expression revealed compartmentalized cAMP/CREB signaling controlling prostaglandin output in amnion, with relevance to labor.

    Evidence AKAP95 siRNA in primary amnion fibroblasts, fractionation, phospho-CREB western blot, and labor vs non-labor immunohistochemistry

    PMID:29162743

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CREB occupancy of PTGS2 promoter not shown here
    • Upstream cortisol receptor coupling to AKAP95 not fully defined
  14. 2019 High

    Two independent genetic deletions placed PTGS2 downstream of EPHA2-TGFβ in driving T cell exclusion, establishing it as a targetable node for sensitizing tumors to immunotherapy.

    Evidence Epha2−/− and Ptgs2−/− murine tumor models, PTGS2 inhibition and immunotherapy combination

    PMID:31162144

    Open questions at the time
    • Immune cell type producing or responding to PGE2 not fully resolved
    • EP receptor mediating exclusion not identified here
  15. 2019 Medium

    CRISPR knockout of PTGS2 in melanoma showed it promotes proliferation, invasion, and MDSC differentiation, linking tumor-intrinsic PTGS2 to an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, in vitro invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model, MDSC flow cytometry

    PMID:31920649

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting PTGS2 to MDSC differentiation not detailed
    • Single lab
  16. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrating AMPK-dependent stabilization of Ptgs2 mRNA upon mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibition added a metabolic, post-transcriptional control mechanism to PTGS2 regulation.

    Evidence AMPK siRNA, AMPK activators/inhibitors, mRNA stability assays and LC/MS eicosanoid measurement in astrocytes

    PMID:31581537

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA-binding effector mediating stabilization not identified
    • Single cell type
  17. 2019 Medium

    Gain- and loss-of-function in glioma showed PTGS2 activates NF-κB to limit DNA damage and confer radioresistance, defining a feedback loop where PTGS2 reinforces its own upstream activator.

    Evidence PTGS2 overexpression/siRNA, clonogenic survival, cell cycle, γH2AX, NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11

    PMID:30740906

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which PTGS2 activates NF-κB not defined
    • Single lab
  18. 2020 Medium

    Linking COX-2 to P-glycoprotein upregulation at the blood-brain barrier provided a mechanism for PTGS2-driven antiepileptic drug resistance, with peripheral PTGS2 mRNA tracking treatment response.

    Evidence Brain endothelial cell model with valproate, COX-2/P-gp western blot, microarray, plasma PGE2

    PMID:32054883

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling between COX-2/PGE2 and P-gp induction not fully mapped
    • Clinical correlation is associative
  19. 2022 High

    Showing a CTCF/lncRNA-PACERR complex recruits p300 to acetylate and activate the PTGS2 promoter revealed an enhancer-RNA mechanism driving PTGS2-dependent M2 macrophage polarization in pancreatic cancer.

    Evidence RIP, RNA pull-down, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, lentiviral knockdown and in vivo metastasis assays

    PMID:35184402

    Open questions at the time
    • How PACERR is induced in the tumor context not defined
    • Relationship to methylation-sensitive CTCF looping not integrated
  20. 2022 Medium

    Identifying direct HIF1A binding to the Ptgs2 promoter connected hypoxic signaling to PTGS2-driven ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes after microembolization.

    Evidence HIF1A ChIP, Ptgs2 siLNA, ferroptosis markers and cardiac function in rat CME model with atorvastatin

    PMID:36569299

    Open questions at the time
    • Link between PTGS2 enzymatic product and ferroptosis not mechanistically dissected
    • Single lab
  21. 2022 High

    Mapping the LRH-1/NR5A2 to PTGS2 to PGE2 to PTGER1 axis established a cytoprotective pathway in beta cells, ordering the receptor (PTGER1) mediating PGE2-driven survival.

    Evidence Beta cell-specific LRH-1 knockout, PTGS2 inactivation, PTGER1 antagonist ONO-8130, PGE2 ELISA and apoptosis markers

    PMID:35602948

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct LRH-1 occupancy of PTGS2 promoter not shown here
    • Downstream of PTGER1 in survival not fully defined
  22. 2024 High

    Identifying the ROBO4-IQGAP1-TRAF7 complex defined a suppressive mechanism in which ROBO4 promotes IQGAP1 ubiquitination to dampen RAC1 and lower endothelial PTGS2, with loss exacerbating inflammation.

    Evidence RNA-seq, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, Robo4-deficient mice in inflammatory disease models

    PMID:38762541

    Open questions at the time
    • How RAC1 controls PTGS2 transcription not detailed
    • Co-IP without reciprocal structural mapping of the complex
  23. 2024 Medium

    Luciferase mapping of a defined RUNX1 binding motif in the PTGS2 promoter identified RUNX1 as a direct activator driving colorectal cancer cell growth and invasion.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter with promoter fragments, RUNX1/PTGS2 siRNA, TCGA co-expression and invasion assays

    PMID:38778047

    Open questions at the time
    • RUNX1 occupancy validated by reporter, not endogenous ChIP
    • Single lab
  24. 2024 Medium

    Showing that the small molecule astilbin engages KLF4, which binds and activates the PTGS2 promoter, defined a KLF4-PTGS2-PGE2 axis driving M2 polarization and MSC therapeutic effects in kidney injury.

    Evidence DARTS, SPR, docking, dual-luciferase, ChIP-PCR for KLF4 binding, PTGS2 knockdown and AKI-CKD mouse model

    PMID:39543734

    Open questions at the time
    • KLF4 as activator versus context-dependent factor not generalized
    • Single lab
  25. 2025 Medium

    Validating STAT1 binding to the PTGS2 promoter established STAT1-driven PTGS2 induction as a route to ferroptosis in melanoma, identifying another direct transcriptional activator.

    Evidence RNA-seq, ChIP and luciferase for STAT1, STAT1 and PTGS2 knockdown, ferroptosis markers and xenograft

    PMID:40222167

    Open questions at the time
    • How PTGS2 product triggers ferroptosis not mechanistically resolved
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the many converging transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional inputs to PTGS2 are integrated in a given cell, and how its enzymatic product is channeled to specific EP receptors for distinct outcomes (survival, ferroptosis, immune exclusion), remains unresolved.
  • Combinatorial logic of competing activators/repressors at the promoter not defined
  • Determinants of EP receptor selectivity for downstream effects unknown
  • Enzymatic kinetics and substrate handling not characterized in this corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 7 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2
Partners
CTCFIQGAP1ROBO4TRAF7
Complex memberships
CTCF/lncRNA-PACERR complexROBO4-IQGAP1-TRAF7 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 The human PTGS2 gene encodes a distinct inducible isozyme of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (COX-2), separate from the constitutive PTGS1 isozyme. The gene spans >8.3 kb with 10 exons, contains a TATA box and multiple transcriptional regulatory elements (NF-κB, CRE, NF-IL6, AP-1, Sp-1 sites) in its 5'-flanking region, and maps to chromosome 1q25.2-q25.3, distinct from PTGS1 on chromosome 9q32-q33.3. Gene isolation, nucleotide sequencing, primer-extension analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization European journal of biochemistry High 8181472
2007 MyD88 (TLR signaling) acts upstream of Ptgs2/PGE2 in the colonic stem cell niche. During injury, MyD88 signaling repositions Ptgs2-expressing stromal cells to the crypt base adjacent to colonic epithelial progenitors, and this spatial reorganization (not changes in Ptgs2 expression level) is required to maintain epithelial proliferation. Exogenous dmPGE2 rescued the proliferative defect in both Myd88−/− and Ptgs2−/− mice. Genetic epistasis using Myd88−/− and Ptgs2−/− knockout mice, exogenous PGE2 rescue, histological analysis of crypt cell positioning The Journal of clinical investigation High 17200722
2010 PGF2α stimulates PTGS2 mRNA expression and PGF2α synthesis in the corpus luteum through ROS-mediated NF-κB activation. PGF2α injection increased nuclear NF-κB p65 and its binding to the PTGS2 gene promoter; co-administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase (ROS scavengers) abolished nuclear NF-κB accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and Ptgs2 mRNA induction. Selective PTGS2 inhibitor NS-398 abolished the PGF2α-induced rise in luteal PGF2α concentrations. In vivo rat model with pharmacological inhibitors, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for NF-κB binding to PTGS2 promoter, ROS scavenger co-administration, PTGS2 inhibitor NS-398 Reproduction (Cambridge, England) High 20826536
2011 PTGS2-derived PGE2 is required for oocyte MAPK (ERK1/2) phosphorylation during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Specific inhibition of PTGS2 with NS-398 significantly restricted MAPK activation at germinal vesicle breakdown stage, reduced cumulus expansion, and caused abnormal meiotic spindle organization. Addition of exogenous PGE2 rescued these defects. PGE2 acts via PTGER2/3/4 receptors expressed in cumulus cells and PTGER2 in oocytes. In vitro bovine oocyte maturation model with PTGS2-specific inhibitor NS-398, exogenous PGE2 rescue, immunofluorescence of spindle, mRNA/protein expression of PGE receptors Biology of reproduction High 21293029
2011 PTGS2 expression in term human amnion involves rapid mRNA turnover, RNA polymerase-II 5'-pausing at the PTGS2 locus, and glucocorticoid-mediated transrepression. Dexamethasone decreased PTGS2 gene activity; glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα) bound to the PTGS2 promoter and decreased Ser-5 and Ser-2 phosphorylation of pol-II CTD (interfering with both initiation and elongation) without affecting pol-II recruitment or pausing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for pol-II binding, pol-II CTD phosphorylation states, histone acetylation/methylation; dexamethasone treatment of fresh amnion and explants; RT-qPCR Endocrinology High 21385935
2013 PTGS2 silencing by siRNA in bovine granulosa cells reduced AREG, EREG, and TNFAIP6 mRNA levels, while PTX3 was unaffected. Exogenous PGE2 rescued AREG, EREG, and TNFAIP6 expression, demonstrating that PTGS2-derived prostaglandins lie upstream of these ovulatory genes in the LH-induced ovulation cascade. siRNA knockdown of PTGS2 in bovine granulosa cells, exogenous PGE2 rescue, RT-qPCR Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Medium 25323036
2013 PTGS2/COX-2 activity mediates PGE2/EP4/MAPK (ERK1/2, p38) signaling to upregulate BCL2 and promote resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. Cisplatin induces PTGS2 expression through a ROS/NF-κB pathway. Celecoxib (PTGS2 inhibitor) reversed cisplatin resistance in xenograft models by suppressing PTGS2, BCL2, ERK1/2, and p38. siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibitors (celecoxib, NS-398), xenograft mouse model, western blot, pathway inhibitors The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 31518663
2015 ATF3 (activating transcription factor-3) negatively regulates Ptgs2 transcription during acute inflammation. In activated macrophages stimulated with zymosan, Atf3 accumulates in the nucleus and is recruited to the Ptgs2 promoter (shown by ChIP). Atf3−/− peritoneal macrophages show significantly higher Ptgs2 expression and prostaglandin production than wild-type, and Atf3−/− mice exhibit increased leukocyte accumulation and higher PGE2/PGD2 levels in acute peritonitis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Atf3 at Ptgs2 promoter, Atf3−/− knockout mice, peritonitis model, prostaglandin measurement Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators High 25619459
2015 DNA methylation of a CpG island near the PTGS2 locus disrupts CTCF/cohesin-mediated chromatin looping, abolishes enrichment of positive elongation factor b at the PTGS2 transcriptional start site, and downregulates PTGS2 expression. CTCF/cohesin complex binding to the PTGS2 CpG island is methylation-sensitive. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for CTCF, cohesin, transcriptional components; 3C/chromatin conformation assays; DNA methylation analysis; siRNA knockdown; luciferase reporter Oncogene High 25703332
2016 Activin A upregulates PTGS2 expression and increases PGE2 production in human granulosa-lutein cells via an ACVR1B-mediated SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling pathway. The TGF-β/activin type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 and siRNA against SMAD2/3 or SMAD4 abolished activin A-induced PTGS2 induction. Pharmacological inhibition (SB431542), siRNA knockdown of SMAD2/3/SMAD4, ELISA for PGE2, western blot and RT-qPCR in immortalized SVOG and primary granulosa-lutein cells Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Medium 27624482
2017 Nuclear anchoring of PKA by AKAP95 is required for cortisol-induced PTGS2 expression in human amnion fibroblasts. Cortisol increases AKAP95 expression, which retains PKA in the nucleus; AKAP95 knockdown reduces nuclear PKA, phospho-CREB, and PTGS2 induction. AKAP95, phospho-CREB, and COX-2 are all markedly increased in human amnion tissue after labor. siRNA knockdown of AKAP95 in primary amnion fibroblasts, subcellular fractionation, western blot for nuclear PKA/phospho-CREB/STAT3, immunohistochemistry of labor vs. non-labor amnion Science signaling High 29162743
2019 EPHA2 signaling in tumor cells upregulates PTGS2 (COX-2) expression through TGFβ, suppressing anti-tumor T cell infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Epha2 deletion or Ptgs2 deletion each reversed T cell exclusion and sensitized tumors to immunotherapy, placing PTGS2 downstream of EPHA2-TGFβ signaling in the pathway controlling tumor immune phenotype. Genetic deletion (Epha2−/−, Ptgs2−/−) in murine tumor models, pharmacological PTGS2 inhibition, immunotherapy combination experiments, T cell infiltration analysis The Journal of clinical investigation High 31162144
2019 PTGS2 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 in B16F10 murine melanoma cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in vitro, impairs myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation, and reduces tumor development and metastasis in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout, in vitro proliferation/migration/invasion assays, in vivo tumor model, flow cytometry for MDSC differentiation Frontiers in pharmacology Medium 31920649
2019 Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation stabilizes Ptgs2 mRNA in IL-1α-stimulated astrocytes through AMPK activation, increasing Ptgs2 protein and downstream eicosanoid (PGE2, PGF2α, 6-keto-PGF1α) secretion. AMPK silencing prevented Ptgs2 upregulation by mitochondrial inhibitors; AMPK activators recapitulated Ptgs2 mRNA stabilization. siRNA knockdown of AMPK, pharmacological AMPK activators/inhibitors, mRNA stability assays, LC/MS measurement of eicosanoids, in neonatal rat astrocytes Cells Medium 31581537
2019 PTGS2 activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in glioma cells to prevent DNA damage and enhance radiation resistance. PTGS2 overexpression elevated radioresistance in U87 cells and reduced G2/M arrest after radiation; PTGS2 knockdown sensitized U87R cells to radiation. NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11 decreased survival rates under radiation in both cell lines. PTGS2 overexpression and siRNA knockdown in glioma cells, clonogenic survival assay, flow cytometry (cell cycle), immunofluorescence (γH2AX), western blot for NF-κB pathway proteins Cancer medicine Medium 30740906
2020 PTGS2/COX-2-dependent upregulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier contributes to antiepileptic drug resistance. In vitro, valproate suppressed COX-2-dependent P-gp upregulation in brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) under hyperexcitatory conditions. In responders to valproate, PTGS2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood were downregulated compared to non-responders, correlating with reduced plasma PGE2. In vitro brain endothelial cell model with valproate treatment, COX-2/P-gp protein expression by western blot, microarray gene expression, plasma PGE2 measurement Scientific reports Medium 32054883
2022 The CTCF/lncRNA-PACERR complex recruits E1A binding protein p300 to the promoter regions of PACERR and PTGS2, enhancing histone acetylation and PTGS2 transcription, promoting M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PACERR directly binds CTCF (shown by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down); PACERR or CTCF knockdown each reduced PTGS2 expression and M2 markers. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, lentiviral knockdown, in vitro and in vivo invasion/metastasis assays Clinical and translational medicine High 35184402
2022 The transcription factor Hif1a binds the promoter of Ptgs2 and upregulates its expression in cardiomyocytes following coronary microembolization, promoting ferroptosis and inflammation. Atorvastatin inhibits the Hif1a/Ptgs2 axis to attenuate ferroptosis-mediated myocardial injury. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for Hif1a binding to Ptgs2 promoter, Ptgs2 siRNA silencing, ferroptosis markers (MDA, GSH, Fe2+), cardiac function measurements, rat CME model Frontiers in pharmacology Medium 36569299
2022 LRH-1/NR5A2 regulates the PTGS2-PGE2-PTGER1 signaling axis to promote beta cell survival. LRH-1 deletion in adult beta cells abolished BL001 agonist-mediated Ptgs2 induction and islet protection. PTGS2 inactivation reduced PGE2 levels and eliminated BL001 protection against cytokine-induced apoptosis (increased cytochrome c release, cleaved PARP). PTGER1 antagonist ONO-8130 also negated BL001-mediated islet survival. Conditional beta cell-specific LRH-1 knockout mice, PTGS2 inactivation, pharmacological PTGER1 antagonist, PGE2 ELISA, apoptosis markers (cytochrome c, cleaved PARP) iScience High 35602948
2024 ROBO4 interacts with IQGAP1 and TRAF7 (ubiquitin E3 ligase) to form a complex in endothelial cells; within this complex, ROBO4 enhances TRAF7-mediated ubiquitination of IQGAP1, inhibits prolonged RAC1 activation, and thereby decreases PTGS2 expression in inflammatory endothelial cells. Robo4-deficient mice show exacerbated PTGS2-associated inflammatory diseases (arthritis, edema, pain). RNA-seq, Co-immunoprecipitation for ROBO4-IQGAP1-TRAF7 complex, ubiquitination assay, Robo4-deficient mice, in vivo inflammatory disease models Communications biology High 38762541
2024 The transcription factor RUNX1 directly binds the PTGS2 promoter at the 1086-1096 bp binding motif and promotes transcriptional activation of PTGS2 in colorectal cancer cells. PTGS2 silencing repressed CRC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay with PTGS2 promoter fragments, siRNA knockdown of PTGS2 and RUNX1, TCGA co-expression analysis, cell proliferation/migration/invasion assays Scientific reports Medium 38778047
2025 Tanshinone IIA induces ferroptosis in melanoma via STAT1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of PTGS2. STAT1 was identified as a transcription factor that binds the PTGS2 promoter (validated by ChIP and luciferase assay); STAT1 downregulation led to PTGS2 downregulation and inhibited ferroptosis. PTGS2 knockdown attenuated Tan IIA-induced ferroptosis. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assay for STAT1 binding to PTGS2 promoter, PTGS2 knockdown, STAT1 knockdown, ferroptosis markers (MDA, Fe2+, ROS, GSH), xenograft model Phytomedicine Medium 40222167
2014 REV-ERBα (encoded by NR1D1) acts as a transcriptional repressor of PTGS2 expression in bovine uterine stromal and epithelial cells. REV-ERBα antagonist treatment increased PTGS2 transcript levels and PGF2α production in both cell types; BMAL1 knockdown by siRNA decreased NR1D1 and PTGS2 expression and PGF2α production in stromal cells. siRNA knockdown of BMAL1, pharmacological REV-ERBα agonist/antagonist, RT-qPCR, PGF2α ELISA in bovine uterine cells The Journal of reproduction and development Medium 25007867
2024 Astilbin (AST) binds the transcription factor KLF4 (demonstrated by DARTS assay, molecular docking, and SPR), which in turn binds and activates the PTGS2 promoter (validated by ChIP-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter). AST-mediated KLF4-PTGS2 upregulation increases PGE2 secretion from MSCs, promoting M2 macrophage polarization. PTGS2 knockdown reversed AST-pretreated MSC-mediated M2 polarization and reduced therapeutic effects in AKI-CKD mice. DARTS assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP-PCR for KLF4 binding to PTGS2 promoter, PTGS2 knockdown, in vivo AKI-CKD mouse model Stem cell research & therapy Medium 39543734
2008 PKC activation by PMA upregulates PTGS2 mRNA in human chorion trophoblast cells through p38 and MEK1/2 (MAPK) pathways. The stimulatory effect of PMA on PTGS2 was reversed by PKC inhibition; p38 inhibitor reduced PTGS2 induction by both PMA and calcium ionophore A23187; MEK1/2 inhibitor reduced the PMA effect on PTGS2. MAPK inhibitors did not reverse effects on PGDH, indicating divergent downstream pathways. Pharmacological inhibitors of PKC, JNK, p38, MEK1/2 in human chorion trophoblast cells, RT-qPCR for PTGS2 and PGDH mRNA Reproductive sciences Medium 18212353

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. European journal of biochemistry 354 8181472
2007 Myd88-dependent positioning of Ptgs2-expressing stromal cells maintains colonic epithelial proliferation during injury. The Journal of clinical investigation 219 17200722
2021 Verification of ferroptosis and pyroptosis and identification of PTGS2 as the hub gene in human coronary artery atherosclerosis. Free radical biology & medicine 208 33974977
2019 miR-212-5p attenuates ferroptotic neuronal death after traumatic brain injury by targeting Ptgs2. Molecular brain 147 31533781
2019 Tumor cell-intrinsic EPHA2 suppresses anti-tumor immunity by regulating PTGS2 (COX-2). The Journal of clinical investigation 132 31162144
2023 The PTGS2/COX2-PGE2 signaling cascade in inflammation: Pro or anti? A case study with type 1 diabetes mellitus. International journal of biological sciences 114 37705740
2019 Long Non-coding RNA MALAT1 Inhibits Neuron Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation While Stimulates Neurite Outgrowth and Its Correlation With MiR-125b Mediates PTGS2, CDK5 and FOXQ1 in Alzheimer's Disease. Current Alzheimer research 114 31345147
2009 Alteration of PTGS2 promoter methylation in chronic periodontitis. Journal of dental research 81 20042743
2013 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress cancer stem cells via inhibiting PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase 2) and NOTCH/HES1 and activating PPARG in colorectal cancer. International journal of cancer 77 23852449
2013 PTGS2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) expression and survival among colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 73 23810915
2019 MicroRNA-26b relieves inflammatory response and myocardial remodeling of mice with myocardial infarction by suppression of MAPK pathway through binding to PTGS2. International journal of cardiology 68 30679074
2009 HSD11B1, HSD11B2, PTGS2, and NR3C1 expression in the peri-implantation ovine uterus: effects of pregnancy, progesterone, and interferon tau. Biology of reproduction 67 19696010
2009 PTGS2 and IL6 genetic variation and risk of breast and prostate cancer: results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Carcinogenesis 61 19965896
2017 Evaluation of PTGS2 Expression, PIK3CA Mutation, Aspirin Use and Colon Cancer Survival in a Population-Based Cohort Study. Clinical and translational gastroenterology 58 28448072
2018 Suppression of autophagy and HCK signaling promotes PTGS2high FCGR3- NK cell differentiation triggered by ectopic endometrial stromal cells. Autophagy 57 29962266
2016 MicroRNA MIR21 (miR-21) and PTGS2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 57 26957558
2005 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene polymorphisms and risk of biliary tract cancer and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Carcinogenesis 57 16361272
2015 Atf3 negatively regulates Ptgs2/Cox2 expression during acute inflammation. Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 56 25619459
2013 Role of PTGS2-generated PGE2 during gonadotrophin-induced bovine oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion. Reproductive biomedicine online 54 24447957
2013 Interactions between diet, lifestyle and IL10, IL1B, and PTGS2/COX-2 gene polymorphisms in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective Danish case-cohort study. PloS one 50 24194923
2011 PTGS2-related PGE2 affects oocyte MAPK phosphorylation and meiosis progression in cattle: late effects on early embryonic development. Biology of reproduction 49 21293029
2021 Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) in the Oviduct: Roles in Fertilization and Early Embryo Development. Endocrinology 47 33539521
2012 SNPs in PTGS2 and LTA predict pain and quality of life in long term lung cancer survivors. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 46 22464751
2013 Hormonal therapy deregulates prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression in endometriotic tissues. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 45 24423291
2022 Suppression of lncRNA Gm47283 attenuates myocardial infarction via miR-706/ Ptgs2/ferroptosis axis. Bioengineered 44 35485136
2020 Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 and its target microRNA-125b are potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease management via interactions with FOXQ1, PTGS2 and CDK5. American journal of translational research 44 33042470
2024 Quercetin inhibits neuronal Ferroptosis and promotes immune response by targeting lipid metabolism-related gene PTGS2 to alleviate breast cancer-related depression. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 43 38815404
2022 The CTCF/LncRNA-PACERR complex recruits E1A binding protein p300 to induce pro-tumour macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via directly regulating PTGS2 expression. Clinical and translational medicine 41 35184402
2020 Integrative Analysis of Multi-omics Data Identified EGFR and PTGS2 as Key Nodes in a Gene Regulatory Network Related to Immune Phenotypes in Head and Neck Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 39 32161122
2014 Intestinal PTGS2 mRNA levels, PTGS2 gene polymorphisms, and colorectal carcinogenesis. PloS one 38 25166592
2007 Association of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. Neurobiology of aging 38 17234302
2020 Targeting MicroRNA-125b Promotes Neurite Outgrowth but Represses Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation via Blocking PTGS2 and CDK5 in a FOXQ1-Dependent Way in Alzheimer Disease. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 33 33408612
2013 Physical activity, tumor PTGS2 expression, and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 33 23629521
2022 Atorvastatin attenuates ferroptosis-dependent myocardial injury and inflammation following coronary microembolization via the Hif1a/Ptgs2 pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology 32 36569299
2011 Combination of a ptgs2 inhibitor and an epidermal growth factor receptor-signaling inhibitor prevents tumorigenesis of oligodendrocyte lineage-derived glioma-initiating cells. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 32 21360625
2023 EPC-exosomal miR-26a-5p improves airway remodeling in COPD by inhibiting ferroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells via PTGS2/PGE2 signaling pathway. Scientific reports 31 37059741
2019 Cisplatin induces chemoresistance through the PTGS2-mediated anti-apoptosis in gastric cancer. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 31 31518663
2020 MicroRNA-101-3p inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting PTGS2. Bioscience reports 30 31894846
2020 Downregulation of peripheral PTGS2/COX-2 in response to valproate treatment in patients with epilepsy. Scientific reports 30 32054883
2019 Activation of PTGS2/NF-κB signaling pathway enhances radiation resistance of glioma. Cancer medicine 30 30740906
2009 Association of polymorphisms of PTGS2 and CYP8A1 with myocardial infarction. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 30 19327107
2015 Disruption of CTCF/cohesin-mediated high-order chromatin structures by DNA methylation downregulates PTGS2 expression. Oncogene 29 25703332
2024 Resveratrol Protects Müller Cells Against Ferroptosis in the Early Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy by Regulating the Nrf2/GPx4/PTGS2 Pathway. Molecular neurobiology 28 39292340
2021 Investigating the effects of IDO1, PTGS2, and TGF-β1 overexpression on immunomodulatory properties of hTERT-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles. Scientific reports 28 33837229
2019 Knockdown of PTGS2 by CRISPR/CAS9 System Designates a New Potential Gene Target for Melanoma Treatment. Frontiers in pharmacology 27 31920649
2007 Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies. Carcinogenesis 27 17999989
2019 Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation Modulate Astrocyte Inflammatory Responses through AMPK-Dependent Ptgs2 mRNA Stabilization. Cells 26 31581537
2023 Glycyrrhizic acid protects against temporal lobe epilepsy in young rats by regulating neuronal ferroptosis through the miR-194-5p/PTGS2 axis. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 25 36647717
2009 Functional polymorphisms of the cyclooxygenase (PTGS2) gene and risk for gallbladder cancer in a North Indian population. Journal of gastroenterology 25 19455278
2023 Combination of Radix Astragali and Safflower Promotes Angiogenesis in Rats with Ischemic Stroke via Silencing PTGS2. International journal of molecular sciences 24 36768450
2019 The influence of probiotic diet and chondroitin sulfate administration on Ptgs2, Tgfb1 and Col2a1 expression in rat knee cartilage during monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Minerva medica 24 30938133
2015 Genetic variants in TNFα, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes are associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma. Journal of immunotoxicology 24 25721048
2022 LPS-induced PTGS2 manipulates the inflammatory response through trophoblast invasion in preeclampsia via NF-κB pathway. Reproductive biology 23 36327673
2021 LncRNA PTGS2 regulates islet β-cell function through the miR-146a-5p/RBP4 axis and its diagnostic value in type 2 diabetes mellitus. American journal of translational research 23 34786060
2017 PTGS2 down-regulation in cumulus cells of infertile women with endometriosis. Reproductive biomedicine online 23 28734688
2010 Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates PTGS2 expression and PGF2α synthesis through NFKB activation via reactive oxygen species in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 22 20826536
2018 Expression of PTGS2, PGFS and PTGFR during downregulation and restart of spermatogenesis following GnRH agonist treatment in the dog. Cell and tissue research 21 30198052
2022 NR5A2/LRH-1 regulates the PTGS2-PGE2-PTGER1 pathway contributing to pancreatic islet survival and function. iScience 20 35602948
2021 FCER1G and PTGS2 Serve as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. DNA and cell biology 20 34115526
2024 PTGS2: A potential immune regulator and therapeutic target for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Life sciences 19 38514006
2011 PTGS2 (COX2) -765G>C gene polymorphism and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer in Iranian population. Molecular biology reports 19 22173719
2024 Endothelial ROBO4 suppresses PTGS2/COX-2 expression and inflammatory diseases. Communications biology 18 38762541
2022 miR-26a-5p suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting PTGS2 expression. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 18 35073820
2017 AKAP95-mediated nuclear anchoring of PKA mediates cortisol-induced PTGS2 expression in human amnion fibroblasts. Science signaling 18 29162743
2020 Ablation of conceptus PTGS2 expression does not alter early conceptus development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig†. Biology of reproduction 17 31616930
2020 Novel association between TGFA, TGFB1, IRF1, PTGS2 and IKBKB single-nucleotide polymorphisms and occurrence, severity and treatment response of major depressive disorder. PeerJ 17 32140313
2014 Regulation of ovulatory genes in bovine granulosa cells: lessons from siRNA silencing of PTGS2. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 17 25323036
2013 A meta-analysis of PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and NSAID intake on the risk of developing cancer. PloS one 17 23967159
2021 Circulating PTGS2, JAG1, GUCY2C and PGF mRNA in Peripheral Blood and Serum as Potential Biomarkers for Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer. Journal of clinical medicine 16 34067294
2020 Evaluation of Glycosylated PTGS2 in Colorectal Cancer for NSAIDS-Based Adjuvant Therapy. Cells 16 32168749
2018 A novel piperidine identified by stem cell-based screening attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating BMP2 and PTGS2 levels. The European respiratory journal 15 29449428
2015 Overexpression of lipocalins and pro-inflammatory chemokines and altered methylation of PTGS2 and APC2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas induced in rats by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. PloS one 15 25635769
2025 Tanshinone IIA promotes ferroptosis in cutaneous melanoma via STAT1-mediated upregulation of PTGS2 expression. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 13 40222167
2024 Astilbin improves the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in AKI-CKD mice by regulating macrophage polarization through PTGS2-mediated pathway. Stem cell research & therapy 13 39543734
2016 Expression of two WFDC1/ps20 isoforms in prostate stromal cells induces paracrine apoptosis through regulation of PTGS2/COX-2. British journal of cancer 13 27115470
2016 Activin A upregulates PTGS2 expression and increases PGE2 production in human granulosa-lutein cells. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 13 27624482
2011 Resveratrol modulates the expression of PTGS2 and cellular proliferation in the normal rat endometrium in an AKT-dependent manner. Biology of reproduction 13 21248286
2023 Identification and Validation of PTGS2 Gene as an Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarker for Arteriovenous Fistula Failure. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 12 38275625
2024 RUNX1-induced upregulation of PTGS2 enhances cell growth, migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. Scientific reports 11 38778047
2024 LCN2 depletion aggravates sepsis-induced liver injury by regulating PTGS2-dependent ferroptosis. International journal of medical sciences 11 39512683
2023 Effect of acute PM2.5 exposure on PTGS2 and RNA m6A modification. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 11 37499968
2022 MAEL Augments Cancer Stemness Properties and Resistance to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through the PTGS2/AKT/STAT3 Axis. Cancers 11 35740546
2021 Do uterine PTGS2, PGFS, and PTGFR expression play a role in canine uterine inertia? Cell and tissue research 11 33830296
2021 MiR-124-3p Suppresses Prostatic Carcinoma by Targeting PTGS2 Through the AKT/NF-κB Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 11 33893997
2011 PTGS2 (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2) expression in term human amnion in vivo involves rapid mRNA turnover, polymerase-II 5'-pausing, and glucocorticoid transrepression. Endocrinology 11 21385935
2008 Opposite effect of phorbol ester PMA on PTGS2 and PGDH mRNA expression in human chorion trophoblast cells. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 11 18212353
2024 Expression of PTGS2 along with genes regulating VEGF signalling pathway and association with high-risk factors in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer medicine 10 38426619
2023 Essential genes Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 regulate neuro-inflammation during the acute phase of cerebral ischemic in mice. Scientific reports 10 37563282
2018 COX2/PTGS2 Expression Is Predictive of Response to Neoadjuvant Celecoxib in HER2-negative Breast Cancer Patients. Anticancer research 10 29491076
2008 COX-2 (PTGS2) gene methylation in epithelial, subepithelial lymphocyte and stromal tissue compartments in a spectrum of esophageal squamous neoplasia. Cancer detection and prevention 10 18632220
2024 Quercetin alleviates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by inhibiting ferroptosis through the MAPK/PTGS2 pathway: Insights from network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental evaluations. Chemical biology & drug design 9 38570710
2024 Multi-Omics Exploration of the Role of PTGS2 as a Hub Gene in Ferroptosis Within the Artery of Takayasu Arteritis. Journal of inflammation research 9 39588139
2023 Tongqiao Huoxue decoction alleviates neurological impairment following ischemic stroke via the PTGS2/NF-kappa B axis. Brain research 9 36669713
2021 PTGS2 Over-Expression: A Colorectal Carcinoma Initiator not an Invasive Factor. Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology 9 33969138
2014 REV-ERBα inhibits the PTGS2 expression in bovine uterus endometrium stromal and epithelial cells exposed to ovarian steroids. The Journal of reproduction and development 9 25007867
2023 ERBB2-PTGS2 axis promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating senescence of nucleus pulposus cells. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 8 37340393
2022 The Downregulation of PTGS2 Mediated by ncRNAs is Tightly Correlated with Systemic Sclerosis-Interstitial Lung Disease. Frontiers in genetics 8 35096012
2021 Expression of Transcript Variants of PTGS1 and PTGS2 Genes among Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 8 33467191
2013 Association between the 8473T>C polymorphism of PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: a metaanalysis including 24,716 subjects. Onkologie 8 23548966
2024 Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cells and proteomics to unravel the role of ICAM1-PTGS2 communication in apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation. International endodontic journal 7 38713190

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