Affinage

CEACAM5

Cell adhesion molecule CEACAM5 · UniProt P06731

Round 2 corrected
Length
702 aa
Mass
76.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CEACAM5 is a GPI-anchored immunoglobulin superfamily glycoprotein that mediates calcium-independent homophilic and heterophilic cell adhesion—including interactions with CEACAM1 and CEACAM6—and is expressed on the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells (PMID:2803308, PMID:2674159). It inhibits anoikis by co-clustering with integrin α5β1 to enhance fibronectin binding and matrix assembly, activates PI3K/AKT signaling in part through direct interaction with KRT1, and promotes metastatic colonization by functioning as an E/L-selectin ligand and by driving mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (PMID:17167768, PMID:18375392, PMID:29736411, PMID:39644827). CEACAM5 modulates immune surveillance by engaging CEACAM1 on NK cells to inhibit cytotoxicity, by activating CD8+ suppressor T cells through CD8α and CD1d binding, and by serving as a receptor for bacterial pathogens including H. pylori HopQ and Afa/Dr adhesins that exploit it for CagA translocation and colonization (PMID:15905509, PMID:24104458, PMID:27748768, PMID:27171273). Transcription of CEACAM5 is regulated by HIF1α and the pioneer factor ASCL1 through chromatin remodeling at its promoter (PMID:29910683, PMID:33199493).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1983 High

    Establishing the metabolic fate of circulating CEA resolved how serum levels are regulated: the liver clears CEA via a galactose-recognizing receptor after partial desialylation, followed by lysosomal degradation.

    Evidence Isolated perfused liver experiments with ¹²⁵I-CEA and enzymatic desialylation

    PMID:6337795

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the specific hepatic lectin receptor was not molecularly defined
    • Whether desialylation occurs in vivo enzymatically or non-enzymatically was not resolved
  2. 1987 High

    cDNA cloning revealed CEACAM5's primary structure—an Ig superfamily member with a signal peptide, N-terminal IgV-like domain, six IgC2-like domains arranged in three repeats, and a GPI-anchor signal—providing the molecular framework for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence Independent cDNA cloning and sequencing by three laboratories with in vitro translation and cell transfection

    PMID:3033671 PMID:3670312 PMID:3814146

    Open questions at the time
    • Three-dimensional structure not determined at this stage
    • GPI anchorage inferred from hydrophobic C-terminal sequence but not biochemically confirmed here
  3. 1989 High

    Demonstrating that CEACAM5 mediates both homophilic (CEA-CEA) and heterophilic (CEA-NCA/CEACAM6) adhesion when expressed on cell surfaces established it as a bona fide cell adhesion molecule and explained its family-level binding versatility.

    Evidence CHO cell transfection, ⁵¹Cr-labeled aggregation assay with anti-CEA Fab' blockade; parallel polarized-cell localization studies

    PMID:2674159 PMID:2803308

    Open questions at the time
    • Which domains mediate homophilic vs. heterophilic binding was not mapped
    • Apical restriction mechanism not elucidated
  4. 2000 High

    The discovery that CEACAM5 (and CEACAM6 but not CEACAM1) inhibits anoikis shifted understanding from a passive adhesion molecule to an active anti-apoptotic effector, implicating it in anchorage-independent tumor survival.

    Evidence Overexpression of CEA family members in multiple cell lines with anoikis assays in suspension culture

    PMID:10910050

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling pathway mediating anoikis inhibition was not identified
    • Whether GPI anchorage per se is the distinguishing feature from CEACAM1 was untested
  5. 2005 High

    Two parallel advances revealed CEACAM5's roles in immune evasion and metastatic behavior: heterophilic binding to CEACAM1 on NK cells inhibits anti-tumor cytotoxicity, while antibody targeting of CEACAM5 N-terminal/A1B1 domains suppresses tumor migration, invasion, and in vivo metastasis.

    Evidence NK killing assays with domain mutants; Matrigel invasion, endothelial adhesion, and in vivo micrometastasis model with anti-CEA Fabs

    PMID:15905509 PMID:16204051

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway downstream of CEACAM1 ITIM activation by CEA not resolved
    • Whether anti-CEA Fab effects are solely through CEACAM5 or also CEACAM6 was not fully distinguished
  6. 2007 High

    Identification that CEACAM5 co-clusters with integrin α5β1 to enhance fibronectin binding and matrix assembly provided the molecular mechanism for anoikis inhibition and differentiation block, validated in transgenic mice showing dose-dependent colonic hyperplasia and AKT activation.

    Evidence Confocal co-clustering, fibronectin matrix assembly assays, antibody rescue of anoikis; CEA/CEACAM6 transgenic mouse histology and phospho-AKT immunostaining

    PMID:17167768 PMID:18159236

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CEA-integrin interaction is direct or lipid raft-mediated was unresolved
    • Transgenic model used combined CEA/CEACAM6 expression, complicating attribution to CEACAM5 alone
  7. 2008 High

    CEACAM5 was shown to carry sialofucosylated glycans that function as E/L-selectin ligands under flow, explaining how circulating tumor cells engage vascular endothelium during hematogenous metastasis; separately, soluble CEA was found to trigger CEACAM1-dependent apoptosis through caspase-1/3 activation.

    Evidence Selectin blot-rolling and flow adhesion assays with purified CEA-coated beads and CD44 knockdown cells; CEA treatment of HT29 cells with caspase and CEACAM1 cleavage analysis

    PMID:18278069 PMID:18375392

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CEA-selectin interaction is quantitatively significant relative to other selectin ligands in vivo is unknown
    • CEACAM1-mediated apoptosis induction by CEA not confirmed outside the HT29 system
  8. 2011 Medium

    Characterization of tumor-associated glycan modifications on CEACAM5 (Lewis X/Y, increased mannose) revealed how tumor-derived CEA engages DC-SIGN on antigen-presenting cells, linking aberrant glycosylation to immune modulation.

    Evidence Lectin capture ELISA on matched normal/tumor tissue from 48 patients

    PMID:21823122

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of DC-SIGN engagement by tumor CEA on immune response not tested
    • Whether glycan changes are specific to CEACAM5 or general tumor-associated modifications unclear
  9. 2013 Medium

    Identification of CEACAM5 as the ligand for CD8α (through its N-domain, glycosylation-dependent) and CD1d (through its B3 domain) established its role in activating CD8+ suppressor T cells, providing a direct mechanism for CEA-mediated adaptive immune suppression in the gut.

    Evidence Domain deletion binding assays, Lck activation assays, T-cell suppression co-cultures with IL-15/IL-7

    PMID:24104458

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of CEA-CD8α/CD1d interaction for tumor immune evasion not demonstrated
    • Structural basis of the glycosylation-dependent CD8α binding not resolved
  10. 2016 High

    Crystal structures of H. pylori HopQ bound to CEACAM N-domains and in vivo CEA-transgenic mouse models demonstrated that CEACAM5 serves as a receptor exploited by pathogens: HopQ binding enables CagA translocation, while Afa/Dr adhesins suppress epithelial exfoliation to promote colonization.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, KD measurements, CagA phosphorylation in CEACAM-reconstituted cells, CEA-transgenic vs. wildtype mouse colonization models

    PMID:27171273 PMID:27748756 PMID:27748768

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CEACAM5 versus CEACAM1/6 is the dominant receptor for HopQ in vivo is unresolved
    • Downstream signaling events in the epithelial cell upon bacterial CEACAM5 engagement are incompletely mapped
  11. 2018 Medium

    Transcriptional regulation of CEACAM5 was linked to HIF1α (with FBW7 as negative regulator) and separately to promotion of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition at metastatic sites, connecting CEA upregulation under hypoxia to metastatic outgrowth.

    Evidence ChIP and luciferase assays for HIF1α binding to CEACAM5 promoter; in vivo serial passaging gain-of-function screen with gene expression profiling and patient tissue validation

    PMID:29736411 PMID:29910683

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HIF1α regulation of CEACAM5 operates in normal colon epithelium or only in tumor context is unknown
    • Mechanism by which CEACAM5 drives MET gene expression program not defined
  12. 2020 Medium

    ASCL1-driven chromatin remodeling at the CEACAM5 promoter was identified as the mechanism of CEACAM5 expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer, expanding its relevance beyond adenocarcinomas to neuroendocrine lineages.

    Evidence ATAC-seq, neuroendocrine transdifferentiation assay, PDX models, antibody-drug conjugate treatment

    PMID:33199493

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ASCL1-CEACAM5 axis operates in other neuroendocrine tumors is untested
    • Functional role of CEACAM5 specifically in neuroendocrine cancer biology (vs. as a therapeutic target) is unclear
  13. 2024 Medium

    Discovery that CEACAM5 directly binds KRT1 to activate PI3K/AKT signaling provided a new mechanism for drug resistance, with a small-molecule inhibitor (evacetrapib) able to disrupt this interaction and restore oxaliplatin sensitivity.

    Evidence Co-IP, GST pull-down, SPR, immunofluorescence colocalization, organoid and xenograft models

    PMID:39644827

    Open questions at the time
    • CEA-KRT1 interaction confirmed in gastric cancer only; generalizability to other CEACAM5-expressing cancers unknown
    • Structural basis of CEA-KRT1 binding not determined
    • Evacetrapib selectivity for CEA-KRT1 vs. other targets requires validation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis for CEACAM5's multivalent interactions (homophilic, CEACAM1, CD8α, CD1d, KRT1), how GPI-anchored CEACAM5 transmits intracellular signals in the absence of a cytoplasmic domain, and whether its immune-modulatory functions (NK inhibition, CD8+ T-cell suppression, DC-SIGN engagement) cooperate in vivo to shape anti-tumor immunity.
  • No full-length CEACAM5 structure available
  • Signaling intermediates linking GPI-anchored CEA to integrin/AKT activation remain unidentified
  • In vivo immune evasion models combining multiple CEA-immune receptor axes are lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 4 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
CD1DCD8ACEACAM1CEACAM6ITGA5KRT1SERPINB5

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 The primary structure of CEACAM5 (CEA) was determined from cDNA cloning, revealing it is synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide followed by 668 amino acids comprising an N-terminal domain, three highly homologous repeated domains of 178 amino acids each (containing four conserved cysteines and multiple N-glycosylation sites per repeat), and a C-terminal hydrophobic membrane-anchoring domain, establishing CEA as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. cDNA cloning and sequencing, in vitro transcription/translation, cell transfection with immunoprecipitation Biochemical and biophysical research communications / Molecular and cellular biology / PNAS High 3033671 3670312 3814146
1989 CEACAM5 (CEA) and NCA expressed on CHO cell surfaces function as calcium-independent cell adhesion molecules through both homophilic (CEA-CEA) and heterophilic (CEA-NCA) interactions; CEA-CEA homophilic adhesion was the strongest, and all interactions were completely blocked by anti-CEA Fab' fragments. CHO cell transfection with CEA/NCA cDNAs, cell aggregation assay, 51Cr-labeled cell adhesion assay with antibody inhibition Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 2803308
1989 During differentiation of HT29-D4 colon cancer cells, CEA expression becomes restricted exclusively to the apical cell surface of polarized epithelial monolayers, and CEA release is vectorially directed toward the apical compartment; undifferentiated cells express and release only small amounts of CEA. Independent radioiodination of apical vs. basolateral domains of polarized monolayers followed by immunoprecipitation; permeable chamber culture assays Journal of cellular physiology High 2674159
1990 The CEA gene promoter region (~400 nucleotides upstream of the translational start) contains cis-acting sequences sufficient for cell-type-specific expression, showing ~9-fold higher activity in CEA-producing adenocarcinoma cells (SW403) than in non-producing HeLa cells; the promoter lacks classic TATA or CAAT boxes. Promoter-indicator gene transfection assays in CEA-producing vs. non-producing cell lines Molecular and cellular biology High 2342461
1983 CEA clearance from circulation is mediated by the liver: removal of as few as two sialic acid residues exposes terminal galactosyl residues recognized by a hepatocyte plasma membrane receptor (hepatic binding protein), leading to rapid uptake and lysosomal catabolism; ~70% of intact 125I-CEA is cleared by the liver within 1 hour, and ~10% appears in bile. Isolated perfused liver experiments, 125I-labeled CEA biodistribution, enzymatic desialylation Digestive diseases and sciences High 6337795
2000 CEACAM5 (CEA) and CEACAM6 function as general inhibitors of anoikis (apoptosis triggered by loss of extracellular matrix anchorage) when overexpressed in multiple cell types; CEACAM1, by contrast, does not inhibit anoikis, identifying a specific anti-apoptotic function unique to GPI-anchored CEA family members. Stable overexpression of CEA/CEACAM6/CEACAM1 in multiple cell lines, anoikis assays in suspension culture Cancer research High 10910050
2005 CEACAM5 on tumor cells interacts heterophilically with CEACAM1 on NK cells, and this heterophilic interaction inhibits NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells; the N-terminal domains of both CEACAM1 and CEA are necessary but not sufficient for this interaction, and additional domains are required to regulate cis vs. trans interactions. Functional NK killing assays, binding assays with domain mutants, co-incubation experiments Journal of immunology High 15905509
2007 CEACAM5 (CEA) and CEACAM6 co-cluster with integrin α5β1 on the cell surface, enhance integrin α5β1 binding to fibronectin without altering surface integrin levels, promote fibronectin matrix assembly forming a polymerized fibronectin 'cocoon' around cells, and thereby inhibit cellular differentiation and anoikis; disruption with anti-fibronectin or anti-integrin α5β1 antibodies restores differentiation and anoikis. Confocal microscopy, specific antibody co-clustering experiments, fibronectin binding and matrix assembly assays, differentiation/anoikis rescue experiments Journal of cellular physiology High 17167768
2008 CEA (CEACAM5) functions as an E-selectin and L-selectin ligand on colon carcinoma cells, carrying sialofucosylated glycans that support rolling adhesion under flow conditions; CEA and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate tumor cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin at elevated shear stresses, providing a potential mechanism for hematogenous metastasis. Immunoaffinity chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry identification, bead-coating with purified CEA, blot rolling and flow-based adhesion assays, stable CD44 knockdown cell lines The Journal of biological chemistry High 18375392
2008 CEA (CEACAM5) acts as an inducer of CEACAM1-mediated apoptosis in HT29 colon cancer cells, an effect dependent on CEACAM1 cell-surface abundance; CEACAM1-mediated apoptosis triggered by CEA involves dual cleavage of CEACAM1 (at both intracellular and extracellular sites), caspase-1 and caspase-3 activation, and non-caspase proteases. CEA treatment of HT29 cells, CEACAM1 cleavage analysis, caspase activation assays, HEK293/Jurkat cell models Oncogene Medium 18278069
2013 CEACAM5 (identified as the epithelial glycoprotein gp180) binds CD8α through its N-terminal domain in a glycosylation-dependent manner, activates CD8-associated Lck kinase, and is the only CEACAM family member that interacts with CD1d through its B3 domain; CEACAM5-activated CD8+ T cells acquire suppressor activity against CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro in the presence of IL-15 or IL-7. Protein purification and sequence analysis, binding assays with domain deletion mutants, Lck activation assays, T-cell suppression assays, confocal co-localization Mucosal immunology Medium 24104458
2016 H. pylori outer membrane protein HopQ binds the N-terminal IgV-like domain of CEACAM5 (and CEACAM1, 3, 6) in a glycan-independent manner with high affinity (KD 23–268 nM), and this HopQ-CEACAM interaction is required for translocation of the virulence factor CagA into host cells via the cag type IV secretion system and enhances IL-8 release; a β-hairpin insertion domain (HopQ-ID) in HopQ mediates CEACAM binding. Crystal structure of HopQ, KD measurements, genetic introduction of CEACAM constructs into AZ-521 cells, CagA phosphorylation assays, IL-8 release assays, competitive peptide inhibition Nature microbiology High 27748756 27748768
2018 Expression of CEACAM1 or CEACAM5 (but not CEACAM6) in CEACAM-deficient AZ-521 cells is sufficient to restore H. pylori T4SS-mediated CagA injection and phosphorylation, and is accompanied by tyrosine dephosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins vinculin and cortactin; the T4SS delivery pathway requires both integrin-β1 and CEACAM1/CEACAM5. Genetic complementation of CEACAM-deficient cells, CagA phosphorylation assays, immunoblotting for vinculin/cortactin dephosphorylation Cellular microbiology Medium 30321907
2016 Bacterial engagement of CEA (CEACAM5) by neisserial Opa proteins or uropathogenic E. coli Afa/Dr adhesins alters gene expression, increases integrin activity, promotes matrix adhesion of cervical and vaginal epithelial cells, and suppresses exfoliation to promote urogenital tract colonization; these CEA-triggered events were demonstrated to be sufficient for colonization suppression using CEA-transgenic vs. wildtype mouse in vivo comparison. Heterologous Opa expression in non-pathogenic E. coli, in vitro gene expression and integrin activity assays, CEA-transgenic mouse colonization model vs. wildtype, CEACAM-binding adhesin deletion mutants PLoS pathogens High 27171273
2018 CEACAM5 is a direct transcriptional target of HIF1α, and FBW7 suppresses CEACAM5 expression and colorectal cancer cell migration through a HIF1α-dependent mechanism; ChIP and luciferase assays demonstrated HIF1α binding to the CEACAM5 promoter, and FBW7 regulates HIF1α protein levels to control CEACAM5 expression. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, in vitro migration assays, gene expression microarray International journal of biological sciences Medium 29910683
2018 CEACAM5 overexpression drives metastatic colonization by promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), enriching for an epithelial gene expression pattern, and facilitating tumor outgrowth at metastatic sites; an inverse correlation between CEACAM5 and the mesenchymal marker vimentin was demonstrated in patient lung metastases. In vivo serial passaging of lung metastases, high-throughput gain-of-function screen in vivo, gene expression analysis, patient tissue validation NPJ breast cancer Medium 29736411
2020 CEACAM5 expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is driven by the pioneer transcription factor ASCL1, which promotes neuroendocrine reprogramming associated with increased chromatin accessibility at the CEACAM5 core promoter; CEACAM5 depletion or antibody-drug conjugate (labetuzumab govitecan) treatment induces DNA damage and antitumor responses in CEACAM5+ models. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation assay, chromatin accessibility analysis (ATAC-seq), patient-derived xenograft models, multiplex immunofluorescence Clinical cancer research Medium 33199493
2020 CEACAM5 depletion in NSCLC cells inhibits proliferation and migration by activating p38-Smad2/3 signaling, and CEACAM5 suppresses this pathway to promote tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. siRNA knockdown, MTT assay, wound healing assay, immunoblotting for p38-Smad2/3 pathway, xenograft mouse model The Journal of international medical research Low 32993395
2011 In colorectal cancer tissue, CEACAM5 (CEA) carries distinct tumor-associated carbohydrate modifications compared to normal tissue, including high levels of Lewis X and Lewis Y blood-group antigens that enable recognition and binding by the human C-type lectin DC-SIGN on antigen-presenting cells; increased mannose and branched N-glycans correlate with Galectin-3 binding. CEA/MUC1 capture ELISA with plant and human C-type lectins, 48-patient matched normal/tumor comparison International journal of cancer Medium 21823122
2024 CEA (CEACAM5) activates the PI3K/AKT pathway by directly binding to KRT1 (keratin 1) at the cell surface, and this CEA-KRT1 interaction promotes oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells; the interaction was confirmed by Co-IP, GST pull-down, and immunofluorescence colocalization, and a small molecule inhibitor (evacetrapib) competitively inhibits this interaction to restore drug sensitivity. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, immunofluorescence colocalization, proteomic analysis, virtual screening and surface plasmon resonance for inhibitor validation, CCK8/colony formation/xenograft assays, organoid model Drug resistance updates Medium 39644827
2024 Under hypoxia, pNET cells package CEACAM5 into exosomes; exosomal CEACAM5 induces M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, and M2-polarized TAM in turn enhance pNET cell migration and invasion. Exosome isolation and characterization, co-culture experiments, MAPK pathway inhibition, macrophage polarization assays, in vitro migration/invasion assays FASEB journal Low 38923643
2005 Antibody Fabs targeting the N-terminal (MN-3) or A1B1 (MN-15) domains shared by CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 inhibit tumor cell migration, invasion through extracellular matrix, and adhesion to endothelial cells; MN-15 Fab also reduced adhesion to fibronectin in some cell lines; MN-3 and MN-15 Fabs showed antimetastatic effects in vivo in a human colonic micrometastasis model. Migration assay, Matrigel invasion assay, tumor-endothelial cell adhesion assay, fibronectin/vitronectin/laminin/collagen adhesion assays, in vivo mouse metastasis model Cancer research Medium 16204051
2013 Serpin B5 (maspin) physically interacts with CEA (CEACAM5) in colorectal cancer cells; this interaction was identified by 2D-gel proteomics of CEA-suppressed cells, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal colocalization, and serpin B5 protein levels positively correlate with CEA levels in colon cancer cell lines and patient blood. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-MS, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy colocalization, western blot, ELISA International journal of cancer Medium 24114705
2007 In CEA/CEACAM6 transgenic mice expressing these molecules at levels found in human colorectal carcinomas, colonocyte surface integrin α5 levels and AKT activation progressively increase with CEA/CEACAM6 expression, and colons show progressive hyperplasia, increased crypt fission, inhibition of differentiation and anoikis/apoptosis, culminating in a continuous mosaic of severe hyperplasia, dysplasia and serrated adenomatous morphology. Human CEA/CEACAM6 genomic transgenic mouse model with titrated expression, histology, immunostaining for integrin α5 and phospho-AKT PloS one Medium 18159236

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
1999 The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. Seminars in cancer biology 969 10202129
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
1994 Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene 492 8125298
2013 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer metastasis reviews 430 23903773
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2017 The clinical efficacy of first-generation carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)-specific CAR T cells is limited by poor persistence and transient pre-conditioning-dependent respiratory toxicity. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 313 28660319
2017 Diagnostic and prognostic value of CEA, CA19-9, AFP and CA125 for early gastric cancer. BMC cancer 293 29121872
2016 A Novel Carcinoembryonic Antigen T-Cell Bispecific Antibody (CEA TCB) for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 279 26861458
1987 Primary structure of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) deduced from cDNA sequence. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 277 3814146
1989 Cell adhesion activity of non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expressed on CHO cell surface: homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 260 2803308
2004 Mutations in VPS33B, encoding a regulator of SNARE-dependent membrane fusion, cause arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome. Nature genetics 243 15052268
2016 Helicobacter pylori adhesin HopQ engages in a virulence-enhancing interaction with human CEACAMs. Nature microbiology 216 27748768
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2007 Expression patterns of CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 in primary and metastatic cancers. BMC cancer 203 17201906
1987 Isolation and characterization of full-length functional cDNA clones for human carcinoembryonic antigen. Molecular and cellular biology 202 3670312
2007 Cultured epithelial autograft (CEA) in burn treatment: three decades later. Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 198 17400392
2000 Human carcinoembryonic antigen functions as a general inhibitor of anoikis. Cancer research 192 10910050
1990 Cloning of the complete gene for carcinoembryonic antigen: analysis of its promoter indicates a region conveying cell type-specific expression. Molecular and cellular biology 178 2342461
2005 Inhibition of adhesion, invasion, and metastasis by antibodies targeting CEACAM6 (NCA-90) and CEACAM5 (Carcinoembryonic Antigen). Cancer research 176 16204051
2006 Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry. Journal of proteome research 173 16740002
2013 Diagnostic value of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 tumor markers in primary lung cancer. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 167 23352032
1987 Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the human carcinoembryonic antigen reveal a highly conserved repeating structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 164 3033671
2016 Helicobacter pylori exploits human CEACAMs via HopQ for adherence and translocation of CagA. Nature microbiology 145 27748756
2008 Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow. The Journal of biological chemistry 145 18375392
2015 Elevated Levels of Serum Tumor Markers CEA and CA15-3 Are Prognostic Parameters for Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. PloS one 143 26207909
1999 Induction of protective host immunity to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a self-antigen in CEA transgenic mice, by immunizing with a recombinant vaccinia-CEA virus. Cancer research 142 9973217
2013 In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 138 23533145
2013 Carcinoembryonic antigen is the preferred biomarker for in vivo colorectal cancer targeting. British journal of cancer 137 23322207
2008 Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level as a predictive factor of recurrence after curative resection of colorectal cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 132 18846401
2013 Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine. Journal of proteomics 126 23376485
2009 Brain metastasis development and poor survival associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective analysis. BMC cancer 123 19386089
2000 Molecular characterization of the surface of apoptotic neutrophils: implications for functional downregulation and recognition by phagocytes. Cell death and differentiation 121 10800083
1983 Role of the liver in clearance and excretion of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Digestive diseases and sciences 100 6337795
2018 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Hepatic Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Update on Biomarker for Clinical and Biotechnological Approaches. Recent patents on biotechnology 99 30062978
2016 CEA TCB: A novel head-to-tail 2:1 T cell bispecific antibody for treatment of CEA-positive solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 99 27622073
2000 Specific cytolytic T-cell responses to human CEA from patients immunized with recombinant avipox-CEA vaccine. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 93 10656428
2005 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) inhibits NK killing via interaction with CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 89 15905509
2011 Differential glycosylation of MUC1 and CEACAM5 between normal mucosa and tumour tissue of colon cancer patients. International journal of cancer 86 21823122
1999 Bypassing immunization: optimized design of "designer T cells" against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing tumors, and lack of suppression by soluble CEA. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 83 10632322
1981 Localization and concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastrointestinal tumors: correlation with CEA levels in plasma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 81 6944526
2010 Immunogenicity of dendritic cells pulsed with CEA peptide or transfected with CEA mRNA for vaccination of colorectal cancer patients. Anticancer research 80 21187495
2013 Phase I trial of a recombinant yeast-CEA vaccine (GI-6207) in adults with metastatic CEA-expressing carcinoma. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 77 24327292
2020 Regulation of CEACAM5 and Therapeutic Efficacy of an Anti-CEACAM5-SN38 Antibody-drug Conjugate in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 75 33199493
2014 Potent and specific antitumor effect of CEA-targeted photoimmunotherapy. International journal of cancer 74 24740257
2000 Recruitment of CD55 and CD66e brush border-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins by members of the Afa/Dr diffusely adhering family of Escherichia coli that infect the human polarized intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells. Infection and immunity 74 10816511
1993 Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA) in gastrointestinal cancer; the correlation with degree of differentiation. British journal of cancer 73 8318403
2020 Nanopore-based Strategy for Selective Detection of Single Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Molecules. Analytical chemistry 67 31970978
1989 Induction of polarized apical expression and vectorial release of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) during the process of differentiation of HT29-D4 cells. Journal of cellular physiology 64 2674159
2020 Preclinical Activity of SAR408701: A Novel Anti-CEACAM5-maytansinoid Antibody-drug Conjugate for the Treatment of CEACAM5-positive Epithelial Tumors. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 61 33046521
1989 Analysis of the size of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family: isolation and sequencing of N-terminal domain exons. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 60 2537643
1992 Long-range chromosomal mapping of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster. Genomics 59 1572649
2002 CEA and CA 549 in serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusion. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 55 11891038
2020 CEACAM5 stimulates the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by promoting cell proliferation and migration. The Journal of international medical research 53 32993395
1997 Quantitative analysis of CEA expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and serum: lack of correlation. International journal of cancer 53 9378556
1982 Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and its correlation with grading and staging on tissue sections of urinary bladder carcinomas. Cancer 52 6751517
2007 GPI-anchored CEA family glycoproteins CEA and CEACAM6 mediate their biological effects through enhanced integrin alpha5beta1-fibronectin interaction. Journal of cellular physiology 51 17167768
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