Affinage

CDX1

Homeobox protein CDX-1 · UniProt P47902

Length
265 aa
Mass
28.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 48 papers cited in narrative 48 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDX1 is a caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor that establishes anteroposterior axial identity by directly regulating Hox gene expression, with loss of function producing anterior homeotic vertebral transformations and posterior shifts in somitic Hox domains (PMID:7585967, PMID:11959827). It acts at Hox loci both as an activator (transactivation of Hoxa-7; control of HoxC8 enhancer timing) and as a repressor (direct binding and posterior repression of Mafb in the hindbrain) (PMID:7585967, PMID:22426122, PMID:21098558). CDX1 transcription integrates the major axial patterning signals: it is a direct Wnt/β-catenin target through promoter LEF/TCF response elements that are functionally required in vivo, a direct retinoic acid target through an atypical promoter RARE, and is maintained by an autoregulatory loop driven by a physical interaction between the CDX1 homeodomain and the B box of LEF1, with Wnt acting as the dominant input that is also required for retinoid responsiveness (PMID:10934025, PMID:10938132, PMID:11784033, PMID:15143193, PMID:17537796). CDX1 and CDX2 are functionally interchangeable for vertebral patterning, as Cdx2 knocked into the Cdx1 locus fully complements the skeletal phenotype (PMID:19328777). In the intestinal epithelium CDX1 drives enterocyte differentiation—inducing KRT20, villin and aminopeptidase N and reinforcing E-cadherin-mediated adhesion by lowering β-catenin and p120-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation—while restraining proliferation via downregulation of cyclin D1/D2 and inhibition of β-catenin/TCF activity (PMID:10660624, PMID:10579974, PMID:19188603, PMID:14977637, PMID:17463179, PMID:15215241). It promotes a differentiated, less stem-like state through a CDX1→miR-215→BMI1 axis and cooperates physically with EHF to activate VIL1 and drive colonic differentiation, with compound Ehf/Cdx1 loss accelerating colorectal tumor progression and Cdx1 acting as a distal-colon tumor suppressor in the APC-mutant background (PMID:25775580, PMID:35606410, PMID:25320087). Mechanistically, CDX1 achieves promoter-specific activation by interacting through its homeodomain with TBP and the TFIID/Mediator machinery—a property not shared by CDX2—and modulates other transcriptional programs by binding SMAD3 to suppress TGF-β responses (PMID:17158164, PMID:12954759, PMID:17595234). In epithelial neoplasia, CDX1 is epigenetically silenced through promoter hypermethylation enforced by oxidative stress, DNMT1 and HDAC activity (PMID:14704280, PMID:23618814, PMID:21393996).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Established CDX1 as a developmental regulator of axial identity by linking its loss to homeotic vertebral defects and identifying Hox genes as direct targets.

    Evidence Cdx1 knockout mice with skeletal phenotyping and in vitro Hoxa-7 transactivation

    PMID:7585967

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct in vivo occupancy at Hox enhancers not yet shown
    • Activator vs repressor logic at individual Hox loci undefined
  2. 2000 High

    Resolved how CDX1 expression is positioned along the embryonic axis by showing it is a direct transcriptional readout of both Wnt/β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling.

    Evidence Promoter-reporter/EMSA with Tcf binding motifs plus Tcf4-knockout embryos, and an atypical RARE defined by promoter analysis

    PMID:10934025 PMID:10938132

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative weighting of Wnt vs RA inputs not yet resolved
    • How signal inputs are spatially integrated unclear at this stage
  3. 2001 High

    Defined a multi-input regulatory architecture with RA early, Wnt later, and CDX1 autoregulation, and demonstrated Wnt3a is genetically required upstream of Cdx1.

    Evidence Promoter motif mutagenesis, Wnt3a hypomorph and Wnt3a-mutant mouse analysis with in situ hybridization

    PMID:11335109 PMID:11784033

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of autoregulation not yet identified
    • Hierarchy among the three inputs not established
  4. 2003 High

    Validated the RARE as functionally required in vivo, confirming retinoid input directly controls a subset of CDX1 expression and patterning.

    Evidence Targeted RARE mutation knock-in mice with skeletal and Hox analysis

    PMID:14660544

    Open questions at the time
    • RARE controls only a subset of Cdx1 function; remaining inputs unaccounted
    • Receptor occupancy in vivo not directly demonstrated
  5. 2004 High

    Explained CDX1 autoregulation mechanistically through a direct CDX1 homeodomain–LEF1 B-box interaction that synergistically drives the Cdx1 promoter.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain-swap reporter assays, and Cdx1/Wnt3a compound mutant mice

    PMID:15143193

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the homeodomain–B box interface unknown
    • Whether this loop operates identically in intestine vs mesoderm not addressed here
  6. 2007 High

    Demonstrated the functional hierarchy of inputs by showing LEF/TCF element mutation alone phenocopies Cdx1-null defects and is required for RA-induced expression.

    Evidence LRE-null and LRE+RARE-null knock-in mice with skeletal and expression analysis

    PMID:17537796

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Wnt input gates RA responsiveness at the locus unclear
  7. 2009 High

    Tested CDX1/CDX2 equivalence by showing Cdx2 knocked into the Cdx1 locus fully complements vertebral patterning, defining context-dependent redundancy.

    Evidence Cdx2-into-Cdx1 knock-in mice with full skeletal and Hox phenotyping

    PMID:19328777

    Open questions at the time
    • Why redundancy fails in intestine not explained by this study
    • Target-level differences underlying context dependence not mapped
  8. 2009 High

    Showed CDX1 acts as a direct repressor in addition to an activator by binding Mafb regulatory sequences to refine posterior hindbrain identity.

    Evidence ChIP and in situ analysis in Cdx1 mutant mouse neural tube

    PMID:21098558

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-repressor partners at the Mafb locus unidentified
    • Mechanism switching CDX1 between activation and repression unknown
  9. 2006 Medium

    Provided a biochemical basis for CDX1 promoter-specific activation by demonstrating its homeodomain binds TBP and connects to TFIID/Mediator, a property distinguishing it from CDX2.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain swaps, and altered-specificity TBP mutant reporter assays

    PMID:12954759 PMID:17158164

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; structural details of CDX1-TBP contact unresolved
    • Genome-wide consequence of TBP recruitment not assessed
  10. 2000 High

    Defined a core intestinal function for CDX1: enforcing differentiation while restraining cell cycle progression via cyclin D1/D2 downregulation.

    Evidence Inducible/stable and adenoviral CDX1 in IEC-6 cells with cell-cycle and differentiation marker readouts

    PMID:10579974 PMID:10660624

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CDX1 targets among cell-cycle genes not all defined
    • Some studies report opposing proliferation effects across cell contexts
  11. 2004 Medium

    Connected CDX1 to epithelial adhesion and to antagonism of oncogenic Wnt signaling, showing it induces E-cadherin-dependent adhesion and inhibits β-catenin/TCF activity.

    Evidence Stable transfection in COLO 205 colon cancer cells, blocking-antibody/EM assays, and TCF/β-catenin reporter assays

    PMID:14977637 PMID:15215241

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional target mediating adhesion not identified in 2004
    • Mechanism of β-catenin/TCF inhibition without altering β-catenin levels unclear
  12. 2007 Medium

    Provided a molecular mechanism for CDX1-driven adhesion via reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of β- and p120-catenin, and identified SMAD3 as a direct partner repressing TGF-β transcription.

    Evidence Co-IP, phospho-specific Western, PTP1B knockdown rescue, and SMAD3 GST-pulldown/reporter assays

    PMID:17463179 PMID:17595234

    Open questions at the time
    • The phosphatase/kinase CDX1 acts through to alter catenin phosphorylation not defined
    • Single lab for SMAD3 interaction
  13. 2013 High

    Identified the regulatory basis of CDX1 loss in cancer as promoter hypermethylation coupled to HDAC-dependent chromatin silencing, reversible by demethylation.

    Evidence Methylation-specific PCR and demethylation rescue across 37 CRC cell lines, plus histone-modification ChIP and HDAC/DNMT inhibitor treatment

    PMID:14704280 PMID:21393996

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger initiating de novo methylation in vivo not defined here
    • Whether silencing is cause or consequence of dedifferentiation unresolved
  14. 2014 High

    Established CDX1 as a tumor suppressor in the distal colon in the APC-mutant context and identified a CDX1→miR-215→BMI1 axis suppressing stemness and clonogenicity.

    Evidence Compound Cdx1/Cdx2-loss APC(Min/+) tumor model, and ChIP-PCR/promoter reporter with miR-215 gain/loss-of-function

    PMID:25320087 PMID:25775580

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of CDX1/miR-215 effector targets incomplete
    • Region-specificity of tumor suppression mechanistically unexplained
  15. 2022 High

    Defined a physical CDX1–EHF partnership that cooperatively drives colonic differentiation genes and protects against tumor progression.

    Evidence Co-IP mapping the EHF PNT domain, VIL1 transcriptional assays, and Ehf/Cdx1 compound conditional knockout mice

    PMID:35606410

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide CDX1–EHF co-occupancy not fully mapped
    • Whether EHF cooperation extends beyond colon unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CDX1 switches between activator and repressor modes and selects target promoters across developmental versus intestinal contexts remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of CDX1 on DNA or with TBP/LEF1/SMAD3/EHF
  • Genome-wide CDX1 binding atlas across tissues lacking
  • Mechanistic basis of CDX1 vs CDX2 target specificity incompletely defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
CEBPACTNNB1EHFLEF1SMAD3TBP

Evidence

Reading pass · 48 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Cdx1 knockout mice exhibit anterior homeotic transformations of vertebrae, concomitant with posterior shifts of Hox gene expression domains in somitic mesoderm. Putative Cdx1-binding sites were identified in Hox gene control regions, and in vitro transactivation of Hoxa-7 by Cdx1 was demonstrated, indicating direct regulation of Hox genes by Cdx1. Homologous recombination (gene knockout), skeletal phenotype analysis, in vitro transactivation assay Cell High 7585967
2000 Cdx1 is a direct transcriptional target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The Cdx1 promoter contains functional Tcf-binding motifs that bind Tcf/Lef1/β-catenin complexes and mediate β-catenin-dependent transactivation. Tcf4-deficient mouse embryos show abrogation of Cdx1 protein in the small intestinal epithelium. Promoter-reporter assays, gel shift assays, Tcf4-knockout mouse analysis, Wnt stimulation of ES cells and embryonic endoderm Development (Cambridge, England) High 10934025
2000 Cdx1 is a direct retinoic acid (RA) target gene. RA regulation of Cdx1 occurs through an atypical RA response element (RARE) in the proximal Cdx1 promoter, providing an indirect mechanism by which retinoid signaling impacts Hox expression and vertebral patterning. Promoter-reporter assays, retinoid receptor binding studies, in vitro RA treatment Molecular and cellular biology High 10938132
2001 Cdx1 expression is regulated by multiple pathways: (1) direct retinoid signaling through an atypical RARE at early stages; (2) Wnt3a signaling through functional LEF/TCF response elements at later stages; and (3) an autoregulatory loop in which Cdx1 positively regulates its own expression. Wnt3a and RA synergize strongly to activate Cdx1. Promoter-reporter assays, LEF/TCF motif mutagenesis, Wnt3a hypomorph (vestigial tail) mouse analysis, RA treatment experiments Developmental biology High 11784033
2001 Wnt-3a is required for normal cdx-1 expression in the primitive streak and tail bud region. Loss of Wnt-3a signaling leads to reduced Cdx1 expression and anterior homeotic vertebral transformations, placing Wnt-3a upstream of cdx-1 in anteroposterior patterning. Wnt3a mutant mouse analysis, in situ hybridization for Cdx1 expression Mechanisms of development Medium 11335109
2000 Cdx1 inhibits intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) proliferation by causing G0/G1 arrest through marked reduction of cyclin D1 and D2 protein levels, leading to increased hypophosphorylated Rb and p130. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16, p18, p21, p27, p57) were not affected. Stable transfection of inducible Cdx1 constructs and adenoviral expression in IEC-6 cells, flow cytometry, Western blot for cell cycle proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 10660624
1999 Cdx1 expression in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells promotes differentiation toward a columnar enterocyte phenotype, including induction of aminopeptidase N and villin expression, redistribution of actin filaments to the cortex, and formation of multilayers with apical microvilli. Cdx1 also increased proliferation rate, resistance to apoptosis, and migration speed. Stable transfection of Cdx1 in IEC-6 cells, morphological analysis, immunofluorescence, in vitro wound assay Gastroenterology Medium 10579974
2001 Cdx1 expression in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells induces anchorage-independent growth and adenocarcinoma formation in vivo. These oncogenic effects correlate with increased GTP-bound Ras, modulation of Cdc42 and RhoA activities, and accumulation of PI3 kinase products. Combined inhibition of Ras/Rho and PI3 kinase signaling blocked colony formation. Stable transfection, soft agar assay, in vivo tumor formation, GTP-pulldown assays, PI3K inhibitor treatment Oncogene Medium 11464284
2001 Cdx1 directly activates the PAP I (Pancreatitis Associated Protein I) promoter through a Cdx1-binding element, as demonstrated by promoter binding and deletion analysis. PAP I in turn acts as a proliferative factor for intestinal cells via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, mediating part of the Cdx1-induced growth effect. Stable transfection, gel shift assay, promoter deletion analysis, antisense knockdown of PAP I, adenoviral PAP I overexpression European journal of cell biology Medium 11302520
2002 Cdx1 and Cdx2 cooperate in anteroposterior vertebral patterning and posterior axis elongation. Compound Cdx1 null/Cdx2 heterozygous mutants show extensive homeotic transformations along the entire vertebral column and posterior truncation, associated with early alterations in Hox gene expression boundaries in the somitic mesoderm. Generation of compound Cdx1/Cdx2 mutant mice, skeletal analysis, Hox gene expression by in situ hybridization Development (Cambridge, England) High 11959827
2003 RARE-null (retinoic acid response element-null) Cdx1 mutant mice exhibit reduced Cdx1 expression, vertebral homeotic transformations, and altered Hox gene expression similar to a subset of Cdx1-null defects, demonstrating that the RARE in the Cdx1 proximal promoter is functionally required in vivo for a specific subset of Cdx1 expression and function. Targeted mutation of the RARE in the Cdx1 promoter in mice, skeletal analysis, Hox expression analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 14660544
2004 Cdx1 autoregulation occurs through a novel physical interaction between the homeodomain of Cdx1 and the B box of LEF1. Cdx1 and LEF1 synergize to induce Cdx1 expression from its own promoter through LEF/TCF response elements. This was confirmed in vivo by Cdx1/Wnt3a(vt) compound mutants showing convergent effects on Cdx1 expression and vertebral patterning. Co-immunoprecipitation, promoter-reporter assays, domain-swap experiments, Cdx1/Wnt3a compound mutant mouse analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 15143193
2004 Cdx1 or Cdx2 expression inhibits β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, reducing colon cancer cell proliferation. This inhibitory effect does not alter β-catenin protein levels or intracellular distribution, and does not induce an inhibitory TCF isoform. Transfection of Cdx1/Cdx2 expression constructs, TCF/β-catenin reporter assays, Western blot, proliferation assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15215241
2004 Loss of CDX1 expression in colorectal carcinoma is primarily regulated by promoter methylation. All CRC cell lines lacking CDX1 mRNA had a methylated CDX1 promoter, and demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored CDX1 expression. No coding mutations or LOH explained the loss of expression. Methylation-specific PCR, RT-PCR, demethylation treatment, LOH analysis, mutation analysis in 37 CRC cell lines Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 14704280
2004 CDX1 directly regulates the KRT20 (Cytokeratin 20) promoter. ChIP analysis confirmed CDX1 binding to predicted CDX elements within 246 bp upstream of the KRT20 transcription start site in vivo. CDX1 and KRT20 expression are significantly correlated in colorectal cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), promoter deletion and mutation analysis, microarray, expression correlation in 38 CRC cell lines Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19188603
2003 CDX1 specifically transactivates the glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc6Pase) promoter through its TATA box, while CDX2 cannot, because CDX1 (but not CDX2) can physically interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP). This functional difference is mediated by the carboxy domains defining the specificity of CDX1 versus CDX2. Gel shift assay, mutagenesis, transient transfection reporter assays, stable transfection of CDX1 in IEC6 cells with Glc6Pase protein induction Nucleic acids research Medium 12954759
2006 CDX1 interacts physically with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) via its homeodomain, and this interaction connects CDX1 to members of the TFIID and Mediator complexes. The transcriptional activation requires both the homeodomain (for TBP interaction) and the N-terminal domain upstream of the homeodomain. The carboxy domains of CDX1 and CDX2 determine their specificity, as CDX2 does not interact with TBP despite having intrinsic activation capacity. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain-swap experiments, altered-specificity TBP mutant transfection assays, luciferase reporter assays Nucleic acids research Medium 17158164
2004 Cdx1 expression in COLO 205 colon cancer cells induces E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion and compaction. This is a specific transcriptional response; a Cdx1 mutant failed to elicit the effect. The adhesion phenotype is Ca2+-dependent and blockable by an E-cadherin-blocking antibody, but E-cadherin protein levels and intracellular distribution were unchanged by Cdx1. Stable transfection of Cdx1 in COLO 205 cells, blocking antibody experiments, electron microscopy, proliferation and gene expression assays American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Medium 14977637
2007 Cdx1 and Cdx2 expression in COLO 205 cells induces E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion by reducing tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin and p120-catenin. Restoring tyrosine phosphorylation (by knocking down protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) in Cdx2-expressing cells significantly reduced cell-cell adhesion, demonstrating the functional relevance of this mechanism. Stable transfection, co-immunoprecipitation, tyrosine phosphorylation-specific Western blot, siRNA knockdown of PTP1B, migration/invasion assays American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Medium 17463179
2007 LRE (LEF/TCF response element) mutation in the Cdx1 proximal promoter is sufficient to phenocopy Cdx1-null vertebral defects in mice, demonstrating that Wnt signaling is the key mediator of Cdx1 expression in vivo. Mutation of LRE also greatly reduced RA-induced Cdx1 expression, demonstrating that Wnt signaling is required for retinoid regulation of Cdx1. Generation of LRE-null and LRE+RARE-null knock-in mice, skeletal analysis, Cdx1 expression analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 17537796
2009 Cdx1 directly represses Mafb expression in the neural tube posterior to the r6/r7 boundary, thereby refining hindbrain positional identity. ChIP analysis confirmed Cdx1 binding to regulatory sequences responsible for posterior Mafb repression. This repression is transient; after the 10-somite stage another mechanism restricts Mafb to r5/r6. In situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), regulatory sequence analysis in Cdx1 mutant mice Development (Cambridge, England) High 21098558
2002 Wild-type p53 inhibits the transcriptional activity of the Cdx1 promoter, while the inactive p53 mutant has no effect. Cdx1 in turn inhibits p21(WAF) transcription by binding to the p21(WAF) TATA-box and activates the Bcl-2 promoter P2 through a consensus Cdx-binding site, making Cdx1-overexpressing cells more resistant to adriamycin-induced apoptosis. Promoter-reporter assays, transient transfection in IEC-6 and SW480 cells, apoptosis assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 12270138
2007 CDX1 protein interacts with SMAD3 independently of SMAD4, and this interaction inhibits SMAD3/SMAD4-dependent transcription by 10-fold. CDX2, by contrast, stimulates SMAD3 transcriptional activity 5-fold. These distinct interactions with SMAD3 underlie the differential effects of CDX1 and CDX2 on intestinal inflammation responses. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, luciferase reporter assays Gut Medium 17595234
2005 COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor) members antagonize RA-induced Cdx1 expression by competing with RXR-RAR heterodimers for binding to the Cdx1 RA response element, providing a repressor mechanism that restricts Cdx1 expression to the caudal embryo at E8.5. Promoter-reporter assays, binding competition experiments, in situ hybridization showing COUP-TF expression in anterior domains lacking Cdx1 The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15677473
2009 Cdx2 substituted into the Cdx1 locus (knock-in) perfectly complements the Cdx1-null skeletal phenotype, demonstrating that Cdx1 and Cdx2 are functionally equivalent for vertebral patterning in paraxial mesoderm. This functional redundancy is context-dependent, as shown by later work on intestinal transcriptional specificity. Cdx2 knock-in replacing Cdx1 locus in mice, skeletal analysis, Hox gene expression analysis, BAC transgenic overexpression Developmental biology High 19328777
2012 CDX1 directly activates expression of stemness-associated reprogramming factors SALL4 and KLF5 in gastric epithelial cells. CDX1-induced SALL4 and KLF5 convert gastric epithelial cells into tissue stem-like progenitor cells that then transdifferentiate into intestinal epithelial cells. Inhibition of SALL4 or KLF5 suppresses CDX1-induced intestinal marker expression. ChIP-seq/microarray for CDX1 targets, siRNA knockdown of SALL4/KLF5, immunohistochemistry in human and mouse CDX1+ intestinal metaplasia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23112162
2014 Concomitant somatic loss of Cdx2 with a Cdx1 null allele in APC(Min/+) mice significantly increases the incidence of tumors in the distal colon, demonstrating that Cdx1 functions as a tumor suppressor specifically in the distal colon in the context of APC loss. Conditional somatic deletion of Cdx2 combined with Cdx1 null allele in APC(Min/+) mice, intestinal tumor analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 25320087
2015 CDX1 directly activates microRNA-215 (miR-215) transcription, as confirmed by ChIP-PCR and promoter luciferase assays. miR-215 in turn represses BMI1 and other stemness/cell-cycle genes, thereby mediating CDX1-induced differentiation and reduction of clonogenicity in colorectal cancer stem cells. Small RNA sequencing, quantitative ChIP-PCR, promoter luciferase assays, miR-215 overexpression/knockdown, genome-wide miR-215 target identification Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25775580
2002 Cdx1 expression in IEC-6 cells increases apolipoprotein B mRNA editing over 10-fold, associated with a significant increase in the editing factor ACF. This links Cdx1 to developmental regulation of apoB mRNA editing during intestinal differentiation. Stable transfection of Cdx1 in IEC-6 cells, apoB mRNA editing quantification, ACF protein analysis, small intestine isograft developmental analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12493769
2002 Oncogenic activation of the β-catenin/Tcf4 pathway in human colon cancer cells stimulates endogenous Cdx1 mRNA expression and Cdx1 promoter activity. Cdx2 exerts an inhibitory effect on both basal and β-catenin-stimulated Cdx1 promoter activity through its homeodomain, independently of canonical CDX binding sites. Transfection of activated β-catenin/TCF4 constructs, Cdx1 promoter-reporter assays, homeodomain mutant analysis in human colon cancer cell lines FEBS letters Medium 11997022
2009 Transgenic Cdx2 induces endogenous Cdx1 expression in the intestinal metaplastic mucosa of Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach by directly binding to the unmethylated Cdx1 promoter region, as demonstrated by ChIP, EMSA, and luciferase reporter assays. siRNA-Cdx2 downregulates Cdx1 transcriptional activity, confirming Cdx2 as a direct positive regulator of Cdx1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), EMSA, luciferase reporter assays, siRNA knockdown of Cdx2, bisulfite sequencing of Cdx1 promoter The FEBS journal Medium 19725873
2013 Cdx1 and Cdx2 exhibit context-dependent transcriptional specificity in the intestine. Cdx2 is significantly less potent than Cdx1 at driving transcription from the Cdx1 promoter, and knock-in of Cdx2 in the Cdx1 locus cannot substitute for Cdx1 in the autoregulatory loop in intestinal cells—in contrast to its ability to complement Cdx1 in paraxial mesoderm. Cell-based reporter assays, in vivo Cdx2 gene-swap (knock-in) analysis in intestinal context PloS one Medium 23382958
2012 Cdx1 directly binds conserved CDX binding sites within the HoxC8 early enhancer during Xenopus embryogenesis, as demonstrated by ChIP. Cdx1 overexpression leads to precocious HoxC8 expression and knockdown to slower HoxC8 expression. The mouse HoxC8 early enhancer in Xenopus recapitulates the same Cdx1-responsive temporal expression pattern. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in Xenopus embryos, Cdx1 overexpression and morpholino knockdown, cross-species enhancer assay FASEB journal Medium 22426122
2011 Cdx1 expression induces endogenous Cdx2 expression in transfected oesophageal squamous epithelial cells, suggesting a sequential CDX1→CDX2 pathway. Bile acids dose-dependently increase Cdx1 promoter activity and Cdx1 protein in oesophageal epithelial cells, upstream of CDX2 induction. Cdx1 expression vector transfection in oesophageal cells, Cdx1 promoter luciferase assay, immunohistochemistry in Barrett's rat model Gut Medium 19136512
2008 CDX1 directly activates PPARγ gene expression at the transcriptional level through functional interaction with C/EBPα. Butyrate treatment increases the physical protein-protein interaction between CDX1 and C/EBPα, leading to enhanced PPARγ expression and intestinal cell differentiation. Promoter-reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation of CDX1 and C/EBPα, butyrate treatment FEBS letters Medium 19059241
2011 CDX1 and CDX2 directly bind to multiple sites in the ASBT (apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter) gene promoter. Six CDX binding sites were verified by EMSA and ChIP assays in living cells, and CDX siRNA knockdown reduced ASBT mRNA. CDX1 and CDX2 strongly induced ASBT promoter activity in reporter assays. EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), siRNA knockdown, promoter-reporter assays, real-time PCR in Barrett's esophagus biopsies American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Medium 22016432
2013 Oxidative stress (H2O2) silences CDX1 in colorectal cancer cells through epigenetic mechanisms: H2O2 increases CDX1 promoter methylation, upregulates DNMT1 and HDAC1 expression and activity, and enhances the physical association between DNMT1 and HDAC1. Pretreatment with the demethylation agent 5-Aza-dC reverses the H2O2-induced CDX1 silencing. Methylation-specific PCR, Western blot, DNMT1/HDAC1 activity assays, co-immunoprecipitation of DNMT1 and HDAC1, pharmacological inhibitor treatment Gene Medium 23618814
2012 Methylation of the CDX1 promoter is associated with closed chromatin structure and reduced NF-κB binding. NF-κB binding to the CDX1 promoter is methylation-dependent, demonstrated by competitive EMSA and ChIP. Along the gastritis-metaplasia-carcinoma sequence, an inverse biphasic pattern of CDX1 promoter methylation correlates inversely with NF-κB signaling activity and CDX1 expression. Competitive EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), bisulfite sequencing, clinical tissue series analysis The American journal of pathology Medium 22749770
2008 CDX1 and c-Myc cooperate to induce mucin production and changes in keratin expression characteristic of Barrett's esophagus when expressed in immortalized human esophageal keratinocytes cultured in organotypic models, initiating the earliest stages of transdifferentiation. Microarray of esophageal/Barrett's/small intestinal biopsies, organotypic culture of esophageal keratinocytes with Cdx1 and c-myc expression, morphological and marker analysis PloS one Medium 18953412
2012 Multiple miRNAs (miR-9, miR-16, miR-22) induced by Cdx1 expression directly bind to the CDX2 mRNA 3'UTR to destabilize and degrade CDX2 transcripts. Simultaneous mutation of both the miR-9- and miR-16-binding sites in the CDX2 3'UTR was sufficient to block Cdx2 suppression by Cdx1. MiRNA microarray, luciferase 3'UTR reporter assays, 3'UTR mutant analysis in SW480 cells The Biochemical journal Medium 22849325
2014 CDX1 restricts trophoblast cell invasiveness in HTR-8/SVneo cells by inhibiting MMP-9 expression and increasing TIMP-1 expression, independently of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CDX1 itself is regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling. Stable transfection of CDX1, invasion assay (QCM ECMatrix), Western blot, qRT-PCR, PI3K inhibitor (perifosine) treatment Placenta Medium 24836459
2022 EHF physically interacts with CDX1 via its PNT domain. EHF and CDX1 co-operatively drive transcription of the colonic differentiation marker VIL1. Compound genetic deletion of Ehf and Cdx1 in the mouse colon disrupts normal colonic differentiation and significantly enhances colorectal tumor progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (EHF-CDX1 interaction), chromatin remodeling assays, transcriptional assays for VIL1, Ehf/Cdx1 compound conditional knockout mice, tumor progression analysis Cell death and differentiation High 35606410
2011 Class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of CDX1 in colorectal cancer. Unlike EPHB2-4 genes, the inactive CDX1 locus shows strong reduction of active histone modifications. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors combined with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors restores CDX1 expression depending upon the epigenetic features of its promoter. Quantitative expression profiling of matched normal/adenoma/carcinoma, histone modification ChIP, pharmacological treatment with DNMT and HDAC inhibitors in CRC cell lines Epigenetics Medium 21393996
2014 Transient expression of CDX1 at E11.5 dpc in mouse embryonic hearts promotes epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Low-dose CDX1 induction enhances migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into α-SMA+ vascular smooth muscle, while high-level or absence of CDX1 attenuates these abilities. RNA-seq showed CDX1 alters transcripts involved in neuronal development, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion. Doxycycline-inducible CDX1 mouse model, primary epicardium culture, ex vivo heart culture, RNA-seq PloS one Medium 25068460
2011 Cdx1 negatively regulates the Pou5f1 (Oct3/4) gene network during gastrulation: Oct3/4 factors (Oct60, Oct25, Oct91) initially activate Cdx1 expression through FGF signaling before gastrulation, then become repressors during gastrulation. Cdx1 subsequently represses Pou5f1 genes, contributing to repression of pluripotency and promotion of gastrulation. Xenopus gain-of-function and morpholino knockdown, promoter analysis, FGF signaling pathway analysis Developmental dynamics Medium 21360791
2004 Intestine-specific enhancers of CDX1 are located between -15601 and -5667 bp upstream of the CDX1 transcription start site. Transgenic mouse analysis showed that sequences between -5667 and +68 drive ectopic expression, while -15601 to +68 restricts expression to the intestinal epithelium. Two DNase I hypersensitive sites at ~-5.8 and -6.8 kb mark putative intestine-specific enhancers. Transgenic mouse analysis with CDX1 5' flanking sequences, DNase I hypersensitivity assay American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Medium 14715525
2002 CDX1 transactivates the human PCNA gene promoter through Caudal-related homeodomain binding sequences in the PCNA 5'-flanking region in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cell lines, while CDX2 does not. CDX1-induced PCNA expression was confirmed at the protein level, and CDX1 enhanced BrdU incorporation. Co-transfection of PCNA reporter with CDX1/CDX2 expression plasmids, Western blot, immunocytochemistry, BrdU incorporation assay International journal of oncology Low 11743638
2008 Bile acid induces COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells through a sequential pathway: bile acid induces the orphan nuclear receptor SHP, which then induces CDX1 expression; CDX1 in turn enhances COX-2 gene expression. This transcriptional cascade was verified by ectopic expression experiments. Promoter-reporter assays, ectopic expression of CDX1 and SHP, RT-PCR in human IM lesions Carcinogenesis Low 18775915

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Cdx1 and cdx2 expression during intestinal development. Gastroenterology 506 11040183
1995 Disruption of the murine homeobox gene Cdx1 affects axial skeletal identities by altering the mesodermal expression domains of Hox genes. Cell 291 7585967
2003 Expression of intestine-specific transcription factors, CDX1 and CDX2, in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinomas. The Journal of pathology 238 12474224
2002 Cdx1 and Cdx2 have overlapping functions in anteroposterior patterning and posterior axis elongation. Development (Cambridge, England) 238 11959827
1997 Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the mRNA encoding human Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox. Down-regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression during colorectal carcinogenesis. International journal of cancer 189 9036867
2000 Wnt/(beta)-catenin signaling regulates the expression of the homeobox gene Cdx1 in embryonic intestine. Development (Cambridge, England) 187 10934025
1993 Mouse Cdx-1 expression during gastrulation. Development (Cambridge, England) 176 7900985
1998 The Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 homeobox genes in the intestine. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 170 10392709
1998 Expression of the Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeotic genes leads to reduced malignancy in colon cancer-derived cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 151 9593754
2002 Expression of homeobox gene CDX2 precedes that of CDX1 during the progression of intestinal metaplasia. Journal of gastroenterology 139 11871772
2004 Cdx1 induced intestinal metaplasia in the transgenic mouse stomach: comparative study with Cdx2 transgenic mice. Gut 117 15361487
2003 Down-regulation of a gastric transcription factor, Sox2, and ectopic expression of intestinal homeobox genes, Cdx1 and Cdx2: inverse correlation during progression from gastric/intestinal-mixed to complete intestinal metaplasia. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 14655050
2001 Wnt-3a is required for somite specification along the anteroposterior axis of the mouse embryo and for regulation of cdx-1 expression. Mechanisms of development 116 11335109
2003 The Cdx1 homeodomain protein: an integrator of posterior signaling in the mouse. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 109 14505364
2012 CDX1 confers intestinal phenotype on gastric epithelial cells via induction of stemness-associated reprogramming factors SALL4 and KLF5. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 23112162
1999 Cdx1 promotes differentiation in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line. Gastroenterology 100 10579974
2018 Long non-coding RNA XIST inhibited breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion via miR-155/CDX1 axis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 97 29550489
2009 Gastrointestinal differentiation marker Cytokeratin 20 is regulated by homeobox gene CDX1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97 19188603
2008 Cdx1 and c-Myc foster the initiation of transdifferentiation of the normal esophageal squamous epithelium toward Barrett's esophagus. PloS one 95 18953412
2015 The CDX1-microRNA-215 axis regulates colorectal cancer stem cell differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 25775580
2005 CDX1 is an important molecular mediator of Barrett's metaplasia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88 15894614
2001 Multiple pathways governing Cdx1 expression during murine development. Developmental biology 84 11784033
2000 Retinoic acid regulation of Cdx1: an indirect mechanism for retinoids and vertebral specification. Molecular and cellular biology 82 10938132
2001 Expression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNAs and relevance of this expression to differentiation in human gastrointestinal mucosa--with special emphasis on participation in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association 80 11846061
2012 Whole-transcriptome sequencing identifies novel IRF2BP2-CDX1 fusion gene brought about by translocation t(1;5)(q42;q32) in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. PloS one 75 23185413
1998 The murine Cdx1 gene product localises to the proliferative compartment in the developing and regenerating intestinal epithelium. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 75 9921649
2015 N-glycosylation Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Reveals Association of Fucosylation with Differentiation and Caudal Type Homebox 1 (CDX1)/Villin mRNA Expression. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 70 26537799
2014 Cdx1 and Cdx2 function as tumor suppressors. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 25320087
2013 Oxidative stress causes epigenetic alteration of CDX1 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Gene 69 23618814
2003 Retinoic acid regulates a subset of Cdx1 function in vivo. Development (Cambridge, England) 67 14660544
2004 Cdx1 autoregulation is governed by a novel Cdx1-LEF1 transcription complex. Molecular and cellular biology 63 15143193
2004 Loss of CDX1 expression in colorectal carcinoma: promoter methylation, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity analyses of 37 cell lines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 60 14704280
1993 Isolation and characterization of the murine homeobox gene Cdx-1. Regulation of expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 7903305
2004 Cdx1 inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation by reducing beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 15215241
1995 Isolation, characterization, and precise physical localization of human CDX1, a caudal-type homeobox gene. Genomics 58 8530027
2000 The caudal-related homeodomain protein Cdx1 inhibits proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells by down-regulation of D-type cyclins. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 10660624
2007 Wnt signaling is a key mediator of Cdx1 expression in vivo. Development (Cambridge, England) 56 17537796
2004 Cdx1 or Cdx2 expression activates E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and compaction in human COLO 205 cells. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 54 14977637
2022 Two circPPFIA1s negatively regulate liver metastasis of colon cancer via miR-155-5p/CDX1 and HuR/RAB36. Molecular cancer 53 36224588
2009 Cdx1 and Cdx2 are functionally equivalent in vertebral patterning. Developmental biology 51 19328777
2011 CDX1 and CDX2 expression in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer. Journal of Korean medical science 50 21532856
2000 Deregulated expression of homeobox-containing genes, HOXB6, B8, C8, C9, and Cdx-1, in human colon cancer cell lines. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 10833444
2001 Cdx1 promotes cellular growth of epithelial intestinal cells through induction of the secretory protein PAP I. European journal of cell biology 45 11302520
2003 Expression of the intestine-specific transcription factors, Cdx1 and Cdx2, correlates shift to an intestinal phenotype in gastric cancer cells. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 44 14615935
2009 Roles of caudal-related homeobox gene Cdx1 in oesophageal epithelial cells in Barrett's epithelium development. Gut 43 19136512
2009 Overlapping functions of Cdx1, Cdx2, and Cdx4 in the development of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 40 19301404
2001 Homeobox gene Cdx1 regulates Ras, Rho and PI3 kinase pathways leading to transformation and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelial cells. Oncogene 40 11464284
2001 RARgamma and Cdx1 interactions in vertebral patterning. Developmental biology 39 11784046
2007 Different effects of the Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox genes in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Gut 38 17595234
2017 MiRNA-155 promotes proliferation by targeting caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) in glioma cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 37 28962081
2017 Construction and analysis of tissue microarrays in the era of digital pathology: a pilot study targeting CDX1 and CDX2 in a colon cancer cohort of 612 patients. The journal of pathology. Clinical research 36 28138402
2018 Purified sulforaphane from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leads to alterations of CDX1 and CDX2 expression and changes in miR-9 and miR-326 levels in human gastric cancer cells. Gene 34 30096452
2010 Cdx1 refines positional identity of the vertebrate hindbrain by directly repressing Mafb expression. Development (Cambridge, England) 33 21098558
2000 Expression of an intestine-specific transcription factor (CDX1) in intestinal metaplasia and in subsequently developed intestinal type of cholangiocarcinoma in rat liver. The American journal of pathology 33 10666391
2004 CDX1 expression is reduced in colorectal carcinoma and is associated with promoter hypermethylation. The Journal of pathology 32 15378566
2003 Differential regulation of the glucose-6-phosphatase TATA box by intestine-specific homeodomain proteins CDX1 and CDX2. Nucleic acids research 32 12954759
2008 Cdx1, a dispensable homeobox gene for gut development with limited effect in intestinal cancer. Oncogene 31 18372917
2019 RETRACTED: CDX1 Expression Induced by CagA-Expressing Helicobacter pylori Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis. Molecular cancer research : MCR 30 31416838
2007 The homeodomain transcription factors Cdx1 and Cdx2 induce E-cadherin adhesion activity by reducing beta- and p120-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 30 17463179
2014 CDX1 restricts the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells by inhibiting MMP-9 expression. Placenta 27 24836459
2008 Bile acid induces expression of COX-2 through the homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 and orphan nuclear receptor SHP in human gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 27 18775915
2002 Stimulation of Cdx1 by oncogenic beta-catenin/Tcf4 in colon cancer cells; opposite effect of the CDX2 homeoprotein. FEBS letters 27 11997022
2013 Cdx1 and Cdx2 exhibit transcriptional specificity in the intestine. PloS one 26 23382958
2011 Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of CDX1 and EPHB tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 25 21393996
2003 Cdx1 homeobox gene during human colon cancer progression. Oncogene 25 12970739
2012 Association of CDX1 binding site of periostin gene with bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 23 22215184
2012 Methylation-dependent activation of CDX1 through NF-κB: a link from inflammation to intestinal metaplasia in the human stomach. The American journal of pathology 23 22749770
2008 The homeodomain transcription factor Cdx1 does not behave as an oncogene in normal mouse intestine. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 23 18231635
2002 The homeobox gene Cdx1 belongs to the p53-p21(WAF)-Bcl-2 network in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 23 12270138
2019 N-Glycomic and Transcriptomic Changes Associated with CDX1 mRNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 22 30909444
2012 Perinatal undernutrition alters intestinal alkaline phosphatase and its main transcription factors KLF4 and Cdx1 in adult offspring fed a high-fat diet. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 22 22405696
2001 CDX-1 and CDX-2 are expressed in human colonic mucosa and are down-regulated in patients with Hirschsprung's disease associated enterocolitis. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 11566252
2011 Regulation of the gene encoding the intestinal bile acid transporter ASBT by the caudal-type homeobox proteins CDX1 and CDX2. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 21 22016432
2019 CDX1/2 and KLF5 Expression and Epigenetic Modulation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Pathology oncology research : POR 20 30685841
2002 Developmental regulation of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is an autonomous function of small intestine involving homeobox gene Cdx1. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 12493769
2018 Transduced caudal-type homeobox (CDX) 2/CDX1 can induce growth inhibition on CDX-deficient gastric cancer by rapid intestinal differentiation. Cancer science 19 30289576
2016 Follow-Up Study on CDX1 and CDX2 mRNA Expression in Noncancerous Gastric Mucosae After Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Digestive diseases and sciences 19 26841784
2009 Transgenic Cdx2 induces endogenous Cdx1 in intestinal metaplasia of Cdx2-transgenic mouse stomach. The FEBS journal 19 19725873
2022 Epithelial de-differentiation triggered by co-ordinate epigenetic inactivation of the EHF and CDX1 transcription factors drives colorectal cancer progression. Cell death and differentiation 18 35606410
2013 Dysregulation of CDX1, CDX2 and SOX2 in patients with gastric cancer also affects the non-malignant mucosa. Journal of clinical pathology 17 23613102
2002 The caudal-related homeodomain protein CDX1 activates proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells. International journal of oncology 17 11743638
2005 Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor members repress retinoic acid-induced Cdx1 expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 16 15677473
1995 Expression of carp-cdx1, a caudal homolog, in embryos of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO 13 28305738
2020 MiR-24 Promotes Cell Growth in Human Glioma by CDX1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 11 32876500
2019 Primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney without HEY1-NCOA2 and IRF2BP2-CDX1 fusion: A case report and review. Oncology letters 10 31897203
2014 A novel role of CDX1 in embryonic epicardial development. PloS one 10 25068460
2012 Multiple microRNAs induced by Cdx1 suppress Cdx2 in human colorectal tumour cells. The Biochemical journal 10 22849325
2008 Homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 is required for the transcriptional induction of PPARgamma in intestinal cell differentiation. FEBS letters 10 19059241
2006 Functional interaction between the homeoprotein CDX1 and the transcriptional machinery containing the TATA-binding protein. Nucleic acids research 10 17158164
2019 LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 accelerates the progression of cervical cancer via downregulating CDX1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 9 31841177
2012 Cdx1 is essential for the initiation of HoxC8 expression during early embryogenesis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 9 22426122
2011 Hypoxia induces expression of COX-2 through the homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 and orphan nuclear receptor SHP in human endometrial cells. Molecular human reproduction 9 21613300
2009 Cdx1::Cre allele for gene analysis in the extraembryonic ectoderm and the three germ layers of mice at mid-gastrulation. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 9 19241391
2004 Putative intestine-specific enhancers located in 5' sequence of the CDX1 gene regulate CDX1 expression in the intestine. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 9 14715525
2013 Mutations and down-regulation of CDX1 in children with anorectal malformations. International journal of medical sciences 8 23329892
2011 Negative autoregulation of Oct3/4 through Cdx1 promotes the onset of gastrulation. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 8 21360791
2020 Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Taq-1 and Cdx-1 in Female Pattern Hair Loss. Indian journal of dermatology 6 32831364
2005 Relationships between the expressions of CDX1 and CDX2 mRNA and clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancers. The Korean journal of internal medicine 6 16491830
2020 MicroRNA-24 inhibits CDX1 expression in decidual tissues of recurrent spontaneous abortion mice to reduce the abortion risk. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University 5 32820872
2000 Overexpression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeogenes enhances expression of the HLA-I in HT-29 cells. Molecular cell biology research communications : MCBRC 5 10964750

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