Affinage

CDR2

Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 · UniProt Q01850

Length
454 aa
Mass
51.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 8 papers cited in narrative 8 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDR2 (cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2) is a leucine-zipper protein that functions as a regulator of transcription factor activity and cell proliferation, principally through sequestration of the oncoprotein c-Myc (PMID:10465786). Via its helix-leucine zipper motif, CDR2 binds the homologous HLZ motif of c-Myc, redistributing Myc to the cytoplasm of Purkinje neurons and tumor cells and downregulating c-Myc-dependent transcription (PMID:10465786). Its abundance is cell-cycle gated: CDR2 protein peaks in mitosis and is ubiquitinated by the APC/C and degraded by the proteasome upon mitotic exit, and its loss produces aberrant mitotic spindles and impaired proliferation while overexpression drives proliferation (PMID:20383333). CDR2 also interacts with the HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD1 and attenuates hypoxic HIF-1alpha transactivation when overexpressed (PMID:19581925). CDR2 protein expression is restricted to immune-privileged brain and testis by a post-transcriptional mechanism, despite near-ubiquitous mRNA (PMID:9006982). Within Purkinje neurons CDR2 localizes to nuclear speckles, co-localizing with SON, eIF4A-III, and SRSF2, distinguishing it from its cytoplasmic, ribosome-associated paralog CDR2L (PMID:33009713). As the canonical paraneoplastic Yo autoantigen, CDR2 (and CDR2L) antibody uptake into Purkinje cells triggers calcium homeostasis dysregulation and cell death (PMID:25341622, PMID:25885452), with mass-spectrometry proteomics indicating that endogenous Yo reactivity is directed at CDR2L rather than CDR2 (PMID:33009713).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Resolved why the Yo antigen is confined to immune-privileged tissue by showing the restriction is post-transcriptional, not transcriptional.

    Evidence Northern blot for mRNA versus Western blot and IHC for protein across tissues

    PMID:9006982

    Open questions at the time
    • The specific post-transcriptional mechanism (translational control, RNA stability) was not identified
    • No identification of the regulatory factors enforcing restriction
  2. 1999 High

    Established CDR2's first molecular function: it binds c-Myc through their shared leucine-zipper motifs and sequesters Myc in the cytoplasm to suppress its transcriptional output.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP from tumor and cerebellar extracts, cotransfection reporter assays, and immunofluorescence colocalization

    PMID:10465786

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether cytoplasmic sequestration occurs in non-neuronal cells in vivo was not established
    • Structural basis of the HLZ-HLZ interaction not resolved
  3. 2009 Medium

    Extended CDR2 function beyond c-Myc by linking it to hypoxic signaling through interaction with the prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD1.

    Evidence Interaction screen plus CDR2 overexpression with HIF-target and HIF-1alpha transactivation reporter assays in tumor cell lines

    PMID:19581925

    Open questions at the time
    • Interaction interface and stoichiometry not characterized
    • Effect demonstrated by overexpression, not loss-of-function
    • Endogenous role in neurons untested
  4. 2010 Medium

    Connected CDR2 to mitotic control by showing its abundance is APC/C-regulated and that it is functionally required for normal spindle formation and proliferation.

    Evidence Cell-cycle synchronization, ubiquitination and APC/C inhibition assays, siRNA knockdown with spindle readout, and overexpression proliferation assays

    PMID:20383333

    Open questions at the time
    • The APC/C degron in CDR2 not mapped
    • Mechanism linking CDR2 to spindle integrity not defined
    • Single-lab evidence
  5. 2014 Medium

    Began defining the pathological cascade of Yo autoimmunity by linking internalized CDR2 antibodies to calcium dysregulation via calbindin D28K and downstream effectors.

    Evidence Organotypic cerebellar slice culture, multiphoton imaging, Co-IP of CDR2 with calbindin, and pharmacological rescue

    PMID:25341622

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect nature of CDR2-calbindin association unclear
    • Single-lab study
  6. 2015 Medium

    Demonstrated that Yo antibody cytotoxicity requires specific binding to the 62 kDa CDR2 antigen rather than mere intracellular antibody accumulation.

    Evidence Rat cerebellar slice culture with antigen adsorption controls and comparison against antibodies to other intracellular Purkinje proteins

    PMID:25885452

    Open questions at the time
    • The intracellular event triggered by antibody-antigen binding not defined
    • Mechanism of antibody internalization unresolved
  7. 2018 Medium

    Dissected the mitochondrial component of Yo pathology and revealed that CDR2 and its paralog CDR2L produce distinct effects, with mitochondrial calcium handling altered by CDR2L but not CDR2.

    Evidence Organotypic slice culture with purified CDR2/CDR2L antibodies and pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial pathways

    PMID:29679372

    Open questions at the time
    • The CDR2-specific death mechanism distinct from CDR2L remains undefined
    • Single-lab pharmacological dissection
  8. 2020 High

    Reassigned subcellular localization and antigen identity, placing CDR2 in nuclear speckles and showing endogenous Yo reactivity targets cytoplasmic CDR2L.

    Evidence Mass-spectrometry proteomics, super-resolution microscopy, proximity ligation assay, and Co-IP in cancer cells and Purkinje neurons

    PMID:33009713

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of CDR2 in nuclear speckles not established
    • Reconciliation with earlier cytoplasmic c-Myc sequestration model not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CDR2's nuclear speckle localization integrates with its reported c-Myc, PHD1, and APC/C-linked functions, and which mechanism drives CDR2-specific Purkinje cell death, remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of CDR2 complexes
  • No unified model linking nuclear localization to transcriptional/cell-cycle roles
  • CDR2-specific neurodegeneration mechanism undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 1
Partners
CALB1MYCPHD1

Evidence

Reading pass · 8 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 CDR2 (cdr2), a cytoplasmic protein harboring a helix-leucine zipper (HLZ) motif, interacts specifically with the HLZ motif of c-Myc. Both proteins colocalize in the cytoplasm of adult cerebellar Purkinje neurons and co-immunoprecipitate from tumor cell lines and cerebellar extracts. cdr2 down-regulates c-Myc-dependent transcription in cotransfection assays and redistributes Myc protein to the cytoplasm, indicating that cdr2 normally sequesters c-Myc in the neuronal cytoplasm to inhibit its transcriptional activity. Co-immunoprecipitation from tumor cell lines and cerebellar extracts; cotransfection transcription assays; immunofluorescence colocalization; in vitro interaction blockade by PCD patient antisera Genes & development High 10465786
1997 cdr2 mRNA is expressed in almost all tissues, but cdr2 protein is expressed only in brain and testis (immune-privileged sites) due to post-transcriptional regulation, establishing that CDR2 protein expression is restricted by a post-transcriptional mechanism rather than transcriptional control. Northern blot (mRNA distribution across tissues), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (protein distribution); comparison of mRNA vs. protein levels across tissues The Journal of neuroscience High 9006982
2010 In tumor cells, cdr2 protein levels peak in mitosis and are cell-cycle regulated. As cells exit mitosis, cdr2 is ubiquitinated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and rapidly degraded by the proteasome. During mitosis, cdr2 and c-Myc interact to synergistically regulate c-Myc-dependent transcription. Loss of cdr2 causes aberrant mitotic spindle formation and impaired proliferation, while cdr2 overexpression drives cell proliferation. Cell cycle synchronization with Western blot; ubiquitination assays; APC/C inhibition experiments; cotransfection transcription assays; siRNA knockdown with mitotic spindle phenotype readout; overexpression proliferation assay PloS one Medium 20383333
2009 CDR2 was identified as a novel interactor of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD1. CDR2 overexpression in tumor cell lines reduced HIF-dependent transcriptional regulation by attenuating hypoxic protein accumulation and suppressing the transactivation activity of HIF-1alpha. Protein interaction screen identifying CDR2 as PHD1 interactor; CDR2 overexpression in cell lines with HIF-target gene expression assays; HIF-1alpha transactivation reporter assays Oncogene Medium 19581925
2014 CDR2 antibodies (paraneoplastic Yo antibodies) are internalized by Purkinje cells and cause calcium homeostasis dysregulation. CDR2 co-immunoprecipitates with calbindin D28K. CDR2 antibody internalization leads to reduced calbindin immunoreactivity, increased Cav2.1 (voltage-gated calcium channel), protein kinase C gamma, and calpain-2 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of these pathways prevented CDR2-antibody-induced morphological changes, establishing a mechanistic pathway from CDR2 antibody binding to calcium dysregulation and Purkinje cell degeneration. Cerebellar organotypic slice culture; high-resolution multiphoton imaging; co-immunoprecipitation (CDR2 with calbindin D28K); Western blot; pharmacological inhibition experiments Acta neuropathologica Medium 25341622
2015 Anti-Yo (CDR2) IgG antibodies cause Purkinje cell death specifically through binding to the intracellular 62 kDa CDR2 antigen. Adsorption of anti-Yo IgG with its 62 kDa target antigen abolished both intracellular antibody accumulation and cytotoxicity. Other antibodies against intracellular Purkinje cell proteins (calbindin, calmodulin, PCP-2) were also taken up but did not cause cell death, demonstrating that cell death requires specific antibody-antigen interaction with CDR2, not merely intracellular antibody accumulation. Rat cerebellar slice culture; antibody adsorption/pre-absorption experiments; immunofluorescence for intracellular antibody accumulation; cell viability assays; comparison with control antibodies against other intracellular Purkinje cell proteins PloS one Medium 25885452
2020 CDR2 localizes to the nucleus (not the cytoplasm) in Purkinje neurons, where it co-localizes with nuclear speckle proteins SON, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2. In contrast, CDR2L (the paralog) localizes to the cytoplasm and co-localizes with the 40S ribosomal protein S6. Yo antibodies were confirmed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics to specifically bind CDR2L, not endogenous CDR2. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics; super-resolution microscopy; proximity ligation assay; co-immunoprecipitation; immunofluorescence in cancer cells, rat Purkinje neuron cultures, and human cerebellar sections Annals of clinical and translational neurology High 33009713
2018 Yo antibody internalization into Purkinje neurons causes depletion of calbindin immunoreactivity and alters mitochondrial calcium retention capacity. Specifically, Yo-CDR2 binding did NOT alter mitochondrial calcium retention capacity, cyclophilin D-independent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), or NCX activity — whereas Yo-CDR2L binding did produce these mitochondrial effects, indicating distinct pathological mechanisms for the two targets. Cerebellar organotypic slice culture treated with patient Yo antisera or purified CDR2/CDR2L antibodies; pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial pathways (cyclosporin-A, cannabidiol, ROS scavenger); immunohistochemistry Neuropathology and applied neurobiology Medium 29679372

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. I. A clinical analysis of 55 anti-Yo antibody-positive patients. Neurology 491 1407575
1997 Cloning of Candida albicans genes conferring resistance to azole antifungal agents: characterization of CDR2, a new multidrug ABC transporter gene. Microbiology (Reading, England) 475 9043118
2006 A mutation in Tac1p, a transcription factor regulating CDR1 and CDR2, is coupled with loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 5 to mediate antifungal resistance in Candida albicans. Genetics 300 16452151
2002 A common drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, two genes involved in antifungal drug resistance. Molecular microbiology 141 11918807
1991 Effect of intraventricular injection of an anti-Purkinje cell antibody (anti-Yo) in a guinea pig model. Journal of the neurological sciences 140 1779243
1996 Control of MHC restriction by TCR Valpha CDR1 and CDR2. Science (New York, N.Y.) 131 8688082
1994 Immunity to TCR peptides in multiple sclerosis. I. Successful immunization of patients with synthetic V beta 5.2 and V beta 6.1 CDR2 peptides. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 105 7510746
2006 Directed evolution of human T cell receptor CDR2 residues by phage display dramatically enhances affinity for cognate peptide-MHC without increasing apparent cross-reactivity. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 98 16600963
1996 Single- and double-strand photocleavage of DNA by YO, YOYO and TOTO. Nucleic acids research 98 8604342
2015 'Medusa head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 3: Anti-Yo/CDR2, anti-Nb/AP3B2, PCA-2, anti-Tr/DNER, other antibodies, diagnostic pitfalls, summary and outlook. Journal of neuroinflammation 97 26377319
1999 The cytoplasmic Purkinje onconeural antigen cdr2 down-regulates c-Myc function: implications for neuronal and tumor cell survival. Genes & development 95 10465786
2018 Genetic alterations and tumor immune attack in Yo paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Acta neuropathologica 93 29299667
1996 Application of the novel nucleic acid dyes YOYO-1, YO-PRO-1, and PicoGreen for flow cytometric analysis of marine prokaryotes. Applied and environmental microbiology 89 8633863
1998 The cdr2(+) gene encodes a regulator of G2/M progression and cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Molecular biology of the cell 88 9843577
2009 T cell receptor CDR2 beta and CDR3 beta loops collaborate functionally to shape the iNKT cell repertoire. Immunity 86 19592274
1998 The protein kinase Cdr2, related to Nim1/Cdr1 mitotic inducer, regulates the onset of mitosis in fission yeast. Molecular biology of the cell 84 9843572
2016 Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibodies - a review. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 81 27606347
2009 Spatial control of cytokinesis by Cdr2 kinase and Mid1/anillin nuclear export. Current biology : CB 81 19427212
1997 A post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism restricts expression of the paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration antigen cdr2 to immune privileged tissues. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 79 9006982
2004 High-affinity, peptide-specific T cell receptors can be generated by mutations in CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3. Journal of molecular biology 77 15663940
2010 Purkinje cell death after uptake of anti-Yo antibodies in cerebellar slice cultures. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 74 20838245
1995 Trial to establish an animal model of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibody. 1. Mouse strains bearing different MHC molecules produce antibodies on immunization with recombinant Yo protein, but do not cause Purkinje cell loss. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 72 7788981
1994 Passive transfer and active immunization with the recombinant leucine-zipper (Yo) protein as an attempt to establish an animal model of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Journal of the neurological sciences 66 7707074
1992 Generation and analysis of random point mutations in an antibody CDR2 sequence: many mutated antibodies lose their ability to bind antigen. The Journal of experimental medicine 66 1512548
2009 Functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting elements of the Candida albicans CDR2 promoter with a novel promoter reporter system. Eukaryotic cell 62 19561319
1994 Immunity to TCR peptides in multiple sclerosis. II. T cell recognition of V beta 5.2 and V beta 6.1 CDR2 peptides. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 62 7510747
1995 Trial to establish an animal model of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibody. 2. Passive transfer of murine mononuclear cells activated with recombinant Yo protein to paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration lymphocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 61 7788964
2016 Anti-Yo Antibodies in Children With ADHD: First Results About Serum Cytokines. Journal of attention disorders 57 27095560
2004 Has the yo-yo stopped? An assessment of human protein-coding gene number. Proteomics 56 15174140
2010 Overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 genes plays an important role in fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans with G487T and T916C mutations. The Journal of international medical research 55 20515567
2005 Proteome analysis of programmed cell death and defense signaling using the rice lesion mimic mutant cdr2. Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI 55 15672818
2015 The roles of CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 in kaempferol-induced suppression with fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Pharmaceutical biology 54 26459663
2019 Reprogramming Cdr2-Dependent Geometry-Based Cell Size Control in Fission Yeast. Current biology : CB 53 30639107
2006 Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2. Molecular microbiology 51 16942600
2014 Paraneoplastic CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies affect Purkinje cell calcium homeostasis. Acta neuropathologica 47 25341622
2019 CDR2L Is the Major Yo Antibody Target in Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. Annals of neurology 46 31148214
2001 Anti-Yo-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in a man with gastric adenocarcinoma. Journal of the neurological sciences 46 11311295
2014 Pom1 regulates the assembly of Cdr2-Mid1 cortical nodes for robust spatial control of cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 45 24982431
2000 Antagonist effects on human P2X(7) receptor-mediated cellular accumulation of YO-PRO-1. British journal of pharmacology 45 10821778
1997 Results of a phase I clinical trial of a T-cell receptor vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis. II. Comparative analysis of TCR utilization in CSF T-cell populations before and after vaccination with a TCRV beta 6 CDR2 peptide. Journal of neuroimmunology 45 9184630
2015 Anti-Yo antibody uptake and interaction with its intracellular target antigen causes Purkinje cell death in rat cerebellar slice cultures: a possible mechanism for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in humans with gynecological or breast cancers. PloS one 44 25885452
2013 Evaluation of YO-PRO-1 as an early marker of apoptosis following radiofrequency ablation of colon cancer liver metastases. Cytotechnology 44 24065619
2013 Distinct levels in Pom1 gradients limit Cdr2 activity and localization to time and position division. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 43 24316795
2006 Yo antibodies in ovarian and breast cancer patients detected by a sensitive immunoprecipitation technique. Clinical and experimental immunology 43 16542365
1995 Characterization of the binding of YO to [poly(dA-dT)]2 and [poly(dG-dC)]2, and of the fluorescent properties of YO and YOYO complexed with the polynucleotides and double-stranded DNA. Biopolymers 43 7492743
2001 Anti-Yo antibodies and cerebellar degeneration in a man with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Annals of neurology 41 11220746
1998 Cytotoxic T cells react with recombinant Yo protein from a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibody. Journal of the neurological sciences 36 9879687
2016 Overexpression of MDR-1 and CDR-2 genes in fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Current medical mycology 34 28959792
2014 Dueling kinases regulate cell size at division through the SAD kinase Cdr2. Current biology : CB 33 24508166
1999 Cytotoxic T cells against a peptide of Yo protein in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibody. Journal of the neurological sciences 33 10500270
1995 Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry in the CDR2 loop of the CD4 glycoprotein. Journal of virology 31 7983707
2018 Cell size-dependent regulation of Wee1 localization by Cdr2 cortical nodes. The Journal of cell biology 30 29514920
2012 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression in breast cancer of patients with anti-Yo--associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Neuro-oncology 30 22351748
2010 The onconeural antigen cdr2 is a novel APC/C target that acts in mitosis to regulate c-myc target genes in mammalian tumor cells. PloS one 30 20383333
2003 Qualitative evidence of anti-Yo-specific intrathecal antibody synthesis in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Journal of neuroimmunology 30 12965268
1999 Fine specificity of ligand-binding domain 1 in the polymeric Ig receptor: importance of the CDR2-containing region for IgM interaction. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 30 10229845
1994 Immunocytochemical localization of glutathione S-transferase Yo subunit in the rat testis and epididymis. Journal of andrology 30 7860422
2018 Anti-Yo antibody-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with cognitive affective syndrome in a patient with breast cancer: a case report and literature review. Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) 29 30607127
2017 Cerebellar degeneration-related proteins 2 and 2-like are present in ovarian cancer in patients with and without Yo antibodies. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 29 28710511
2010 CDR2 antigen and Yo antibodies. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 28 21080165
2013 Anti-yo associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in a man with large cell cancer of the lung. Case reports in neurological medicine 27 24167748
1999 Association of anti-Yo (type I) antibody with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in the setting of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: detection of Yo antigen in tumor tissue and fall in antibody titers following tumor removal. Annals of neurology 27 10360776
2022 Immune and Genetic Signatures of Breast Carcinomas Triggering Anti-Yo-Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 25 35821104
2001 Restricted IgG1 subclass of anti-Yo antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Journal of neuroimmunology 25 11240040
1998 Conserved motifs in T-cell receptor CDR1 and CDR2: implications for ligand and CD8 co-receptor binding. Current opinion in immunology 25 9523115
1989 Amino acid substitutions in VH CDR2 change the idiotype but not the antigen-binding of monoclonal antibodies to alpha(1----6)dextrans. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 25 2464031
2018 Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: Yo antibody alters mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology 24 29679372
2005 Measurement of apoptosis of intact human islets by confocal optical sectioning and stereologic analysis of YO-PRO-1-stained islets. Transplantation 24 15818328
1996 Modulation of promiscuous T cell receptor recognition by mutagenesis of CDR2 residues. The Journal of experimental medicine 23 8642315
2009 Onconeuronal cerebellar degeneration-related antigen, Cdr2, is strongly expressed in papillary renal cell carcinoma and leads to attenuated hypoxic response. Oncogene 22 19581925
2001 Vaccination with a CDR2 BV6S2/6S5 peptide in adjuvant induces peptide-specific T-cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroscience research 22 11319774
1998 Anti-idiotypic antibody D12 and superantigen SPA both interact with human VH3-encoded antibodies on the external face of the heavy chain involving FR1, CDR2 and FR3. Molecular immunology 22 10199392
2017 A fast and reproducible cell- and 96-well plate-based method for the evaluation of P2X7 receptor activation using YO-PRO-1 fluorescent dye. Journal of biological methods 21 31453224
2022 Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration With P/Q-VGCC vs Yo Autoantibodies. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 20 36070310
2020 Localization of CDR2L and CDR2 in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 20 33009713
2004 Constitutive activation of the PDR16 promoter in a Candida albicans azole-resistant clinical isolate overexpressing CDR1 and CDR2. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20 15215129
2002 Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: patient with anti-Yo antibody and breast cancer: a case report. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 20 14605824
2017 Effects of time-of-day on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, biochemical markers, and hormonal response following level-1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Physiology international 19 28361573
2017 The effect of Opuntia ficus-indica juice supplementation on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, and biochemical markers following yo-yo Intermittent recovery test. Food science & nutrition 18 29564091
2009 The bovine T cell receptor alpha/delta locus contains over 400 V genes and encodes V genes without CDR2. Immunogenetics 18 19568741
2008 Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibody in a patient with HER2/neu overexpressing breast cancer: a case report with a current literature review. The breast journal 18 18540952
2007 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in ob/ob mice treated with yo jyo hen shi ko (YHK): effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Digestive diseases and sciences 18 17394061
2007 Functional analysis of CD8+ T cell responses to the onconeural self protein cdr2 in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Journal of neuroimmunology 18 18053582
2022 The evaluation of the overexpression of the ERG-11, MDR-1, CDR-1, and CDR-2 genes in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolated from Ahvazian cancer patients with oral candidiasis. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 17 34997991
2022 Investigation of fluconazole susceptibility to Candida albicans by MALDI-TOF MS and real-time PCR for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11. BMC microbiology 17 35689195
2018 Transcriptomic immune profiling of ovarian cancers in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with anti-Yo antibodies. British journal of cancer 17 29899393
2010 Isomerization in the CDR2 of a monoclonal antibody: Binding analysis and factors that influence the isomerization rate. Biotechnology and bioengineering 17 19806678
2005 A single nucleotide polymorphism-based technique for specific characterization of YO and YN isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY). Journal of virological methods 17 15737420
2001 Cytotoxic T cell activity against the peptide, AYRARALEL, from Yo protein of patients with the HLA A24 or B27 supertype and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Journal of the neurological sciences 17 11489286
2015 Molecular control of the Wee1 regulatory pathway by the SAD kinase Cdr2. Journal of cell science 16 26071525
2012 Biochemical responses to level-1 yo-yo intermittent recovery test in young tunisian football players. Asian journal of sports medicine 16 23785572
2002 A selective plasmin inhibitor, trans-aminomethylcyclohexanecarbonyl-L-(O-picolyl)tyrosine-octylamide (YO-2), induces thymocyte apoptosis. Biochemical pharmacology 16 11960608
1996 MHC-restriction, cytokine profile, and immunoregulatory effects of human T cells specific for TCR V beta CDR2 peptides: comparison with myelin basic protein-specific T cells. Journal of neuroscience research 16 8892096
1995 Anti-Yo positive paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: a report of three cases and review of the literature. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 15 18638835
2022 Electric yo-yo centrifugation combining with paper-based microfluidic immunoassay chip for inflammatory biomarkers detection in whole blood. Talanta 14 36137494
1994 Developmental expression of the glutathione S-transferase Yo subunit in the rat testis and epididymis using light microscope immunocytochemistry. The Anatomical record 14 7825731
2021 Arf6 anchors Cdr2 nodes at the cell cortex to control cell size at division. The Journal of cell biology 13 34958661
2019 Does red orange juice supplementation has a protective effect on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 under polluted air? International journal of environmental health research 13 31081360
1997 Single amino acid substitutions in V(H) CDR2 are sufficient to generate or enhance the specificity of two forms of an anti-arsonate antibody variable region for DNA. Molecular immunology 13 9683270
2017 SIN-Dependent Dissociation of the SAD Kinase Cdr2 from the Cell Cortex Resets the Division Plane. Current biology : CB 12 28162898

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