Affinage

CDIPT

CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase · UniProt O14735

Length
213 aa
Mass
23.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
75 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/4 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDIPT is the endoplasmic reticulum-resident phosphatidylinositol synthase that catalyzes de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and CMP from CDP-diacylglycerol and myo-inositol (EC 2.7.8.11), as established by functional complementation of the yeast pis mutant with rat cDNA and by reconstitution of enzymatic activity in heterologous hosts (PMID:8804431, PMID:2844726). The catalytic CAPT-motif active site faces the cytosol, the enzyme aligns with six transmembrane helices of the archaeal CAPT family, and its structure and activity are strongly sensitive to the surrounding lipid environment (PMID:25687304); a conserved histidine (His114 in yeast) is critical for catalysis, with substitutions raising the Km for myo-inositol or abolishing activity (PMID:7896081). Expression of the yeast ortholog PIS1 is multiply controlled — induced by zinc depletion via direct Zap1p binding to a promoter zinc-responsive element (PMID:15980062), repressed aerobically through a Rox1p site (PMID:12890676), induced by inositol via Ume6p (PMID:19019152), and attenuated by upstream in-frame AUG codons in the transcript (PMID:16997274) — and phosphatidylinositol content tracks PIS1 expression, with phosphatidic acid serving as the regulatory signal coupling synthesis to inositol homeostasis (PMID:19456874). Loss of CDIPT function in vivo abolishes de novo phosphatidylinositol synthesis, disrupts ER architecture, triggers the ER stress response, and produces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish (PMID:21488074), while the enzyme is essential for normal growth and modulates ER/cell-wall stress responses and virulence in Candida albicans (PMID:35227874).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1988 High

    Established that the PIS gene product is itself the catalytic phosphatidylinositol synthase, resolving whether PIS encoded the enzyme or a regulator.

    Evidence Heterologous expression of S. cerevisiae PIS in E. coli with phospholipid compositional analysis

    PMID:2844726

    Open questions at the time
    • No mammalian gene identified at this point
    • Active-site residues and topology unmapped
  2. 1995 High

    Identified His114 as a catalytically critical residue, providing the first residue-level mechanistic insight into the active site.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of yeast Pis1 with in vitro activity assays and in vivo growth complementation

    PMID:7896081

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure to place His114 in catalytic mechanism
    • Role in substrate binding vs catalysis not fully resolved
  3. 1996 High

    Cloned the mammalian (rat) ortholog and confirmed conserved enzymatic identity, extending the yeast biochemistry to vertebrates.

    Evidence Functional complementation of yeast pis mutant with rat brain cDNA library and sequence analysis

    PMID:8804431

    Open questions at the time
    • No characterization of mammalian regulation or physiology
    • Subcellular localization not directly demonstrated
  4. 2003 Medium

    Defined oxygen-responsive transcriptional control via Rox1p, linking phosphatidylinositol synthesis to aerobic/anaerobic state.

    Evidence PIS1 promoter deletion and reporter assays with rox1Δ mutant analysis under aerobic/anaerobic conditions in yeast

    PMID:12890676

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Rox1p binding not shown by EMSA/ChIP here
    • Conservation of oxygen regulation in mammals untested
  5. 2005 High

    Showed zinc availability regulates PIS1 transcription through direct Zap1p binding, connecting phospholipid synthesis to metal homeostasis.

    Evidence Zinc depletion, reporter assays, zap1Δ mutants, EMSA, and promoter element mutagenesis in yeast

    PMID:15980062

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological rationale for zinc coupling not fully defined
    • Mammalian relevance unknown
  6. 2006 Medium

    Revealed translational attenuation of PIS1 by upstream in-frame AUG codons, adding a post-transcriptional layer of expression control.

    Evidence Mutagenesis of upstream ATG codons, promoter-lacZ reporter assays, and RT-PCR in yeast

    PMID:16997274

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of ribosome reinitiation/leaky scanning not dissected
    • Conservation of uORF control unknown
  7. 2008 Medium

    Identified inositol-responsive induction via Ume6p, integrating PIS1 into inositol-dependent regulation of phospholipid genes.

    Evidence Reporter assays in ino2Δ/ino4Δ/ume6Δ mutants with ChIP confirmation of Ume6p promoter binding in yeast

    PMID:19019152

    Open questions at the time
    • Ume6p acting as positive rather than typical repressor not mechanistically explained
    • Crosstalk with Ino2/Ino4 pathway incomplete
  8. 2009 Medium

    Demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol content tracks PIS1 dosage and that altered synthesis feeds back on inositol regulatory genes through phosphatidic acid signaling.

    Evidence GAL1-inducible PIS1 expression, phospholipid analysis, INO1/CHO1/INO2 reporters, and inositol excretion assays in yeast

    PMID:19456874

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration that phosphatidic acid is the signal not shown
    • Minimal phosphatidylinositol threshold for specific pathways undefined
  9. 2011 High

    Connected loss of CDIPT-dependent phosphatidylinositol synthesis to ER stress and hepatic steatosis in a vertebrate, establishing physiological consequence of enzyme deficiency.

    Evidence Zebrafish cdipt insertional mutant with lipid synthesis assays, transcriptomics, EM ultrastructure, and tunicamycin phenocopy

    PMID:21488074

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal chain from phosphatidylinositol loss to specific ER stress arms not dissected
    • Human disease association not established here
  10. 2015 High

    Mapped the cytosolic orientation of the CAPT catalytic domain and demonstrated lipid-environment dependence, defining the enzyme's membrane topology.

    Evidence Cysteine accessibility with permeant/non-permeant maleimides, Cys-free Pis1, activity assays, and structural alignment to archaeal CAPT structures

    PMID:25687304

    Open questions at the time
    • No experimental high-resolution structure of the eukaryotic enzyme
    • Mechanism of lipid-dependent inactivation unresolved
  11. 2022 Medium

    Confirmed ER localization and essentiality of the enzyme in a fungal pathogen and linked its dosage to stress responses and virulence.

    Evidence GFP imaging, conditional knockdown, overexpression with ER/cell-wall stress assays, and mouse infection model in Candida albicans

    PMID:35227874

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis linking PIS1 dosage to virulence not defined
    • Relevance of overexpression phenotypes to native regulation unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CDIPT regulation, topology, and lipid sensitivity operate in mammalian cells and whether loss-of-function causes human disease remain to be established.
  • No mammalian regulatory mechanisms characterized in the corpus
  • No human Mendelian disease link in the timeline
  • No high-resolution structure of the eukaryotic enzyme

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 4
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 Rat phosphatidylinositol synthase (CDIPT/PIS) cDNA was cloned by functional complementation of the yeast pis mutation; the encoded 213-amino acid protein catalyzes formation of phosphatidylinositol and CMP from CDP-diacylglycerol and myo-inositol (EC 2.7.8.11), and is highly homologous to yeast phosphatidylinositol synthase. Functional complementation of yeast pis mutant with rat brain cDNA library; sequence analysis FEBS letters High 8804431
1988 Expression of the S. cerevisiae PIS gene (ortholog of CDIPT) in E. coli reconstituted phosphatidylinositol synthase activity; cells accumulated phosphatidylinositol (~4% of total phospholipids) at the expense of phosphatidylglycerol when supplemented with myo-inositol, directly demonstrating the enzymatic function of PIS in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Heterologous expression in E. coli with lacZ fusion; phospholipid compositional analysis by labeling Journal of bacteriology High 2844726
1995 Mutation of His114 in the yeast Pis1 phosphatidylinositol synthase to Gln increased Km for myo-inositol; site-directed mutagenesis at codon 114 showed that Ala, Thr, and Leu substitutions supported growth while Asp, Lys, and Tyr substitutions did not; all mutant enzymes showed greatly reduced in vitro activity, identifying His114 as critical for catalytic function. Isolation of mutant PIS allele; oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis; in vitro enzyme activity assay in E. coli expression system; in vivo yeast growth assay FEMS microbiology letters High 7896081
2005 Zinc depletion in S. cerevisiae increases phosphatidylinositol synthase (Pis1p) activity, PIS1 mRNA, and Pis1p protein levels via a transcriptional mechanism; this regulation is mediated by the zinc-responsive transcription factor Zap1p, which directly binds a UAS zinc-responsive element in the PIS1 promoter. Mutations in this element abolished Zap1p-DNA interaction in vitro and zinc-mediated PIS1 regulation in vivo. Zinc depletion experiments; PIS1-lacZ reporter assay; zap1Δ and zrt1Δzrt2Δ mutant analysis; EMSA with GST-Zap1p and PIS1 promoter; site-directed mutagenesis of UAS zinc-responsive element The Journal of biological chemistry High 15980062
2003 PIS1 promoter analysis in S. cerevisiae identified three upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements required for expression; deletion of UAS1 or UAS2 reduced expression ~45%, while deletion of UAS3 reduced it ~84%. UAS3 contains a Rox1p binding site; PIS1 expression is repressed under aerobic conditions in a Rox1p-dependent manner, and phosphatidylinositol levels are elevated under anaerobic conditions. Promoter deletion analysis; PIS1-cat reporter gene assays; rox1Δ mutant analysis; aerobic/anaerobic growth conditions The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12890676
2008 PIS1 expression in S. cerevisiae is induced twofold by inositol through a mechanism requiring the transcriptional regulator Ume6p (but not the canonical Ino2p/Ino4p activators, though Ino4p is required for full expression); chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that Ume6p directly binds the PIS1 promoter and acts as a positive regulator. PIS1 reporter assays in ino2Δ, ino4Δ, ume6Δ mutants; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Molecular microbiology Medium 19019152
2009 Regulated reduction of PIS1 expression in S. cerevisiae (using a GAL1-PIS1 strain) demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol content correlates with PIS1 expression; as little as 4% phosphatidylinositol is sufficient for cell growth. Reduced PIS1 expression caused derepression of INO1, CHO1, and INO2, and overproduction of inositol (Opi- phenotype), consistent with phosphatidic acid acting as the regulatory signal. GAL1-inducible PIS1 expression system; phospholipid composition analysis; INO1/CHO1/INO2 reporter assays; inositol excretion assay FEMS yeast research Medium 19456874
2006 The PIS1 promoter in S. cerevisiae contains three upstream ATG codons in-frame with three stop codons located before the authentic start codon; mutation of the first ATG (ATG1) caused the largest increase in PIS1-lacZ reporter expression. RT-PCR confirmed that at least some PIS1 transcripts include all upstream AUG codons, and these negatively regulate PIS1 expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of upstream ATG codons; PIS1 promoter-lacZ reporter assays; RT-PCR Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16997274
2015 The active site (CAPT motif) of yeast phosphatidylinositol synthase Pis1 faces the cytosol; cysteine accessibility experiments using membrane-impermeant and membrane-permeant maleimide reagents on native and Cys-free versions of Pis1 demonstrated cytosolic orientation of the catalytic domain. The central 84% of the Pis1 sequence aligns with six transmembrane helices of archaeal CAPT family crystal structures. Mild non-denaturing detergent (dodecylmaltoside at 0.05%) altered active-site Cys accessibility, and low concentrations inactivated the enzyme, indicating strong sensitivity of Pis1 structure to the lipid environment. Cysteine accessibility with membrane-permeant (NEM) and non-permeant maleimides; Cys-free Pis1 mutagenesis; in vitro enzyme activity assay; structural alignment to archaeal CAPT crystal structures Biochimica et biophysica acta High 25687304
2011 Loss of cdipt function in zebrafish (hi559 insertional mutant) abrogates de novo phosphatidylinositol synthesis, causing hepatomegaly, macrovesicular steatosis, ballooning, and necroapoptosis. cdipt-deficient hepatocytes display marked ER architectural disruption and upregulation of ER stress markers (atf6, hspa5, calr, xbp1), revealing a mechanistic link between CDIPT-dependent phosphatidylinositol synthesis, ER stress, and hepatic steatosis. Zebrafish insertional mutant (cdipthi559Tg/+); phospholipid synthesis assay; microarray gene expression profiling with GSEA; ER stress marker RT-PCR; ultrastructural EM; tunicamycin ER stress induction in wild-type as phenocopy Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) High 21488074
2022 In Candida albicans, phosphatidylinositol synthase Pis1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (demonstrated by GFP tagging); PIS1 is essential for normal growth. Overexpression of PIS1 increased sensitivity to ER stress and cell wall stress, downregulated ER stress response and cell wall integrity genes, enhanced secretion of extracellular hydrolases, and increased fungal virulence in a mouse infection model. GFP tagging and live-cell imaging for ER localization; MET3 promoter-regulated knockdown; PIS1 overexpression; ER stress/cell wall stress assays; mouse infection virulence model; gene expression analysis Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B Medium 35227874

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 75 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 The role of radical cystectomy in the management of high grade superficial bladder cancer (PA, P1, PIS and P2). The Journal of urology 96 2388320
2017 Precision targeting by phosphoinositides: how PIs direct endomembrane trafficking in plants. Current opinion in plant biology 87 28734137
2011 Lack of de novo phosphatidylinositol synthesis leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatic steatosis in cdipt-deficient zebrafish. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 71 21488074
2008 Pistachio vicilin, Pis v 3, is immunoglobulin E-reactive and cross-reacts with the homologous cashew allergen, Ana o 1. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 64 18479490
2009 Identification of two pistachio allergens, Pis v 1 and Pis v 2, belonging to the 2S albumin and 11S globulin family. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 59 19522997
2005 Ovarian-specific expression of a new gene regulated by the goat PIS region and transcribed by a FOXL2 bidirectional promoter. Genomics 54 15885498
2003 Expression studies of the PIS-regulated genes suggest different mechanisms of sex determination within mammals. Cytogenetic and genome research 47 14684983
2012 Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency PI*Z and PI*S Gene Frequency Distribution Using on Maps of the World by an Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Multivariate Interpolation Method. Hepatitis monthly 36 23166537
2005 Regulation of the PIS1-encoded phosphatidylinositol synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by zinc. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 15980062
1996 Molecular cloning of rat phosphatidylinositol synthase cDNA by functional complementation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae pis mutation. FEBS letters 34 8804431
2012 SERPINA1 PiZ and PiS heterozygotes and lung function decline in the SAPALDIA cohort. PloS one 32 22912729
2005 Positional cloning of the PIS mutation in goats and its impact on understanding mammalian sex-differentiation. Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE 31 15601595
1999 High-resolution human/goat comparative map of the goat polled/intersex syndrome (PIS): the human homologue is contained in a human YAC from HSA3q23. Genomics 30 10036183
1977 Molecular abnormality of PI S variant of human alpha1-antitrypsin. American journal of human genetics 30 301355
2020 Pea (Pisum sativum) allergy in children: Pis s 1 is an immunodominant major pea allergen and presents IgE binding sites with potential diagnostic value. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 29 32078204
2007 Factors associated with the selection of mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) in PI-experienced patients displaying treatment failure on darunavir. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 29 18039922
2017 Development of a high-density linkage map and mapping of the three-pistil gene (Pis1) in wheat using GBS markers. BMC genomics 28 28760136
2001 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease genotype predicts immune and viral responses to combination therapy with protease inhibitors (PIs) in PI-naive patients. The Journal of infectious diseases 28 11170983
2021 Switching from boosted PIs to dolutegravir decreases soluble CD14 and adiponectin in high cardiovascular risk people living with HIV. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 27 34120186
1988 Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PIS gene and synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 26 2844726
2018 Impact of intensification with raltegravir on HIV-1-infected individuals receiving monotherapy with boosted PIs. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 24 29635527
1996 Rapid and simple diagnosis of the two common alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency alleles Pi*Z and Pi*S by DNA analysis. European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies 23 8891530
2004 [PI*S and PI*Z alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: estimated prevalence and number of deficient subjects in Spain]. Medicina clinica 21 15607066
2010 Novel protease inhibitors (PIs) containing macrocyclic components and 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane that are potent against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20 20439612
1986 The equine protease inhibitory system (Pi): abnormal expressions of PiF, PiL, and PiS1. Biochemical genetics 20 3753429
2008 Attempt to rescue sex-reversal by transgenic expression of the PISRT1 gene in XX PIS-/- goats. Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation 18 18769074
2023 The Ka /Ks and πa /πs Ratios under Different Models of Gametophytic and Sporophytic Selection. Genome biology and evolution 17 37561000
2013 Long-term incubation with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) induces IκBα degradation via the lysosomal pathway in an IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent and IKK-independent manner. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 24085292
2003 Expression of the yeast PIS1 gene requires multiple regulatory elements including a Rox1p binding site. The Journal of biological chemistry 16 12890676
1979 Alpha-1-antitrypsin Pi S phenotype and liver cell inclusion bodies in alcoholic hepatitis. Journal of clinical pathology 16 227942
2024 Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Pi*S and Pi*Z SERPINA1 variants are associated with asthma exacerbations. Pulmonology 15 37236906
2012 Long-lasting protection of activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (PIs) by boosted PI containing regimens. PloS one 15 23189194
2015 Molecular, genomic, and expressional delineation of a piscidin from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) with evidence for the potent antimicrobial activities of Of-Pis1 peptide. Fish & shellfish immunology 13 26549174
2009 Real time PCR detection of the PI*Z and PI*S mutations associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. American journal of translational research 13 19956452
2021 Mapping of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean PIs using whole-genome sequencing reveals a major QTL. The plant genome 12 34964282
2022 NBS-LRR-WRKY genes and protease inhibitors (PIs) seem essential for cowpea resistance to root-knot nematode. Journal of proteomics 11 35351660
2018 Molecular mechanisms of an antimicrobial peptide piscidin (Lc-pis) in a parasitic protozoan, Cryptocaryon irritans. BMC genomics 11 29703140
2008 Transcription regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PIS1 gene by inositol and the pleiotropic regulator, Ume6p. Molecular microbiology 10 19019152
2002 Pi*S and Pi*Z alpha 1 antitrypsin polymorphism and the risk for asbestosis in occupational exposure to asbestos. Toxicology letters 10 12368052
2018 Antimicrobial peptide Pc-pis: A new cancer cell killer. Fish & shellfish immunology 9 30031065
2015 The active site of yeast phosphatidylinositol synthase Pis1 is facing the cytosol. Biochimica et biophysica acta 9 25687304
2022 Structural insights on the selective interaction of the histidine-rich piscidin antimicrobial peptide Of-Pis1 with membranes. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes 8 36328080
2017 Therapeutic drug monitoring of boosted PIs in HIV-positive patients: undetectable plasma concentrations and risk of virological failure. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 8 28333285
2013 PCR-based screening for the most prevalent alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency mutations (PI S, Z, and Mmalton) in COPD patients from Eastern Tunisia. Biochemical genetics 8 23666394
2009 Regulated transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic gene, PIS1, yields pleiotropic effects on phospholipid synthesis. FEMS yeast research 8 19456874
1995 Functional analysis of mutations in the PIS gene, which encodes Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol synthase. FEMS microbiology letters 8 7896081
1993 PI*S(iiyama), a deficiency gene of alpha 1-antitrypsin: evidence for the occurrence in western Japan. The Japanese journal of human genetics 8 8358043
2020 New cis-Acting Variants in PI*S Background Produce Null Phenotypes Causing Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 7 32515985
2015 Prevalence of PI*Z and PI*S alleles of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in Finland. European clinical respiratory journal 7 26672964
2007 Resistance costs and future drug options of antiretroviral therapies: analysis of the role of NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs in a large clinical cohort. HIV clinical trials 7 17434844
2013 SNPs at 3'-UTR of the bovine CDIPT gene associated with Qinchuan cattle meat quality traits. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 6 23546961
2002 Modulation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in CEM MDR cells simultaneously exposed to anti HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI's) and cytotoxic drugs. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita 6 12760335
2020 Switching from boosted PIs to dolutegravir in HIV-infected patients with high cardiovascular risk: 48 week effects on subclinical cardiovascular disease. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 5 32737482
2017 The prevalence of PI*S and PI*Z SERPINA1 alleles in healthy individuals and COPD patients in Saudi Arabia: A case-control study. Medicine 5 29049242
2015 Two Aromatic Rings Coupled a Sulfur-Containing Group to Favor Protein Electron Transfer by Instantaneous Formations of π∴S:π↔π:S∴π or π∴π:S↔π:π∴S Five-Electron Bindings. The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces 5 26120374
2004 Concentration of hydroxyproline in blood: a biological marker in occupational exposure to asbestos and its relationship with Pi*Z and Pi*S polymorphism in the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene. American journal of industrial medicine 5 14748049
2024 Genome-wide association study provided insights into the polled phenotype and polled intersex syndrome (PIS) in goats. BMC genomics 4 38956513
2022 Function of the phosphatidylinositol synthase Pis1 in maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum function and pathogenicity in Candida albicans. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 4 35227874
2022 Molecular characterization of PI * S , a SERPINA1 allele from continental China encoding a defective alpha-1-antitrypsin. Frontiers in pediatrics 4 36186645
2023 PacBio long read-assembled draft genome of Pythium insidiosum strain Pi-S isolated from a Thai patient with pythiosis. BMC research notes 3 37833791
2002 Analysis of two common alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency alleles (PI*Z and PI*S) in subjects with periodontitis. Journal of clinical periodontology 3 12492914
2022 Effectiveness and Safety Analysis of PIs/r Based Dual Therapy in Treatment-Naïve, HIV/AIDS Patients: A Network Meta Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in pharmacology 2 35308227
2019 Detection of polled intersex syndrome (PIS) and its effect on phenotypic traits in goats. Animal biotechnology 2 31198087
2014 Bilateral sertoli and interstitial cell tumours in abdominal testes of a goat with polled intersex syndrome (PIS). Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 2 25219569
2012 [Detection and application of PIS genetic deficiency gene in dairy goat]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 2 22805216
2006 Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PIS1 gene is modulated by multiple ATGs in the promoter. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2 16997274
2024 Real-time PCR detection of PI*S and PI*Z alleles of SERPINA1 gene using SYBR green. Gene 1 38723785
2017 A model incorporating combined RTIs and PIs therapy during early HIV-1 infection. Mathematical biosciences 1 28108293
2026 Modeling NRTIs and PIs class drug therapy on the dynamics of HIV infection with real patient data analysis and optimized control strategy. Scientific reports 0 41501180
2026 Preventive Effects of Tri Garn Pis Polyherbal Extract on Sexual Performance, Testicular Apoptosis, and Sperm Quality in a Dexamethasone-Induced Chronic Stress in Mice. Life (Basel, Switzerland) 0 41598271
2026 Proteomic signatures of COVID-19 Post-Vaccination/Post-Infection Syndrome (PV/PIS): insights into immune dysregulation and coagulopathy. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 0 41959563
2025 A new SERPINA1 null allele of the PI*S-plus type: PI*Q0Tegueste. Gene 0 40889583
2024 Pi∗S and Pi∗Z Alleles of SERPINA1 Gene Are Associated With Specific Variants of a BRD4-Independent Enhancer. Human mutation 0 40225912
2020 Targeting PIs to improve PTs:a new approach to treating genetic diseases of the proximal tubule. Kidney international 0 32998810
2009 Cavity ringdown spectrum of the T(1)(n,pi*) <-- S(0) transition of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione. The journal of physical chemistry. A 0 19735120

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