Affinage

CD3G

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain · UniProt P09693

Length
182 aa
Mass
20.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
99 papers in source corpus 31 papers cited in narrative 31 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD3γ is an invariant subunit of the TCR/CD3 complex that is required for assembly, surface expression, internalization, and signaling of the antigen receptor, and for T cell development (PMID:2963821, PMID:1532815, PMID:9524111). During biogenesis, CD3γ is part of the ER core of CD3 subunits to which TCR-α and TCR-β chains add, and CD3γ and CD3δ form mutually exclusive heterodimers with CD3ε, so the receptor exists as a mixture of αβγεζ and αβδεζ complexes rather than a single complex (PMID:2963821, PMID:1826255). Heterodimerization is mediated by the CD3γ extracellular Ig-like domain — including its terminal β-strand residues (Q76, Y78, Y79) — which binds CD3ε, while a transmembrane acidic residue contributes to TCR-β association; this extracellular domain is uniquely non-substitutable and specifically required for ER-to-Golgi export and surface expression of the assembled receptor (PMID:1532815, PMID:7533164, PMID:8636209, PMID:17339464). The cytoplasmic tail houses a leucine-based sorting determinant: PKC-mediated phosphorylation of serine 126 triggers a conformational change exposing a D127xxxL131L132 motif that binds the clathrin adaptors AP-1 and AP-2 to drive internalization via clathrin-coated pits, with TCR-ζ masking this motif in the fully assembled receptor to stabilize surface expression and PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation enabling functional recycling (PMID:8187769, PMID:9230070, PMID:9756853, PMID:15296492, PMID:9727047). The CD3γ ITAM, once doubly phosphorylated, recruits ZAP-70 and the adaptors Shc, Grb-2, and p85-PI3K, and is specifically required for ERK/LAT-dependent positive selection while being dispensable for negative selection (PMID:8647168, PMID:12093866). In mice CD3γ is essential for pre-TCR function, with deficiency causing developmental arrest at the double-negative stage (PMID:9524111), and in humans CD3G mutation underlies a T cell immunodeficiency in which Treg diversity and suppressive function are impaired (PMID:29653965).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 30 steps
  1. 1988 High

    Established that CD3γ is an obligatory member of the ER assembly core onto which TCR-α and TCR-β are added, defining where in biogenesis the subunit acts.

    Evidence Metabolic labeling, pulse-chase and co-IP in TCR/CD3 chain-variant T cell lines

    PMID:2963821

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the specific interaction surfaces
    • Did not address surface export versus retention
  2. 1991 High

    Showed CD3γ and CD3δ compete for CD3ε, establishing that the TCR is a heterogeneous mixture of γε- and δε-containing complexes rather than a single species.

    Evidence Subunit-specific co-IP in human and murine T cells and competitive transfection in COS cells

    PMID:1826255

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry per complex not determined
    • Functional differences between γε and δε complexes not addressed
  3. 1991 High

    Demonstrated that CD3γ/ε and CD3δ/ε pairing induces a conformational epitope on CD3ε, linking heterodimer assembly to receptor maturation recognized by clinical anti-CD3 antibodies.

    Evidence COS cell transfections with CD3 gene combinations; anti-CD3 antibody panel by immunofluorescence and IP

    PMID:1717585

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the conformational change not defined
  4. 1992 High

    Identified the specific trafficking step CD3γ controls, showing its absence traps a δε-containing tetramer in the ER unable to acquire ζ or reach the surface, rescued by re-expression.

    Evidence CD3γ-negative Jurkat mutant JGN with co-IP and transfection rescue

    PMID:1532815

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular export signal in CD3γ not mapped
    • Mechanism of ER retention not defined
  5. 1994 High

    Mapped the down-regulation machinery to a phospho-Ser126 plus di-leucine motif acting through clathrin-coated pits, separating receptor endocytosis from signaling.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis in JGN cells plus hypertonic disruption of clathrin lattices

    PMID:8187769

    Open questions at the time
    • Adaptor proteins binding the motif not yet identified
    • Conformational coupling between S126 and the motif not defined
  6. 1995 High

    Domain-swap experiments assigned non-substitutable functions to CD3γ domains: the extracellular domain to assembly/surface expression and the intracellular domain to PKC-induced down-regulation but not tyrosine signaling.

    Evidence Chimeric CD3γ/CD3δ constructs in CD3γ-negative T cells with surface and functional assays

    PMID:7533164

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise residues mediating ε-binding not identified here
  7. 1996 High

    Localized assembly determinants to two predicted interaction sites in the CD3γ Ig domain (likely ε-binding) and a transmembrane acidic residue (likely β-binding), and excluded N-glycosylation as a requirement.

    Evidence Computer modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, tunicamycin, reconstitution in CD3γ-negative T cells

    PMID:8636209

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding partners not biochemically confirmed
    • Structural model not validated experimentally
  8. 1996 Medium

    Defined the differential signaling capacity of the CD3γ ITAM, which binds ZAP-70 plus Shc, Grb-2 and p85-PI3K that the CD3ε ITAM does not, indicating ITAM-specific signaling outputs.

    Evidence In vitro phosphopeptide binding assays across all TCR/CD3 ITAMs

    PMID:8647168

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro peptide binding only; not confirmed in cells
    • Functional consequences of each interaction not established
  9. 1997 High

    Resolved the down-regulation mechanism by showing D127xxxL131L132 is a unified AP-1/AP-2 binding sorting motif unmasked by S126 phosphorylation-induced conformational change.

    Evidence In vitro AP binding assays plus CD4/CD3γ chimeras and intact TCR mutagenesis

    PMID:9230070

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural detail of the conformational switch not solved
  10. 1998 High

    Established CD3γ as essential for pre-TCR function, with knockout causing developmental arrest at the DN stage without affecting TCR gene rearrangement.

    Evidence CD3γ knockout mice with flow cytometry, rearrangement analysis and anti-CD3ε rescue

    PMID:9524111

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not distinguish pre-TCR signaling defect from assembly defect at single-cell level
  11. 1998 High

    Defined partial redundancy between CD3γ and CD3δ, with double-knockout producing complete early thymic arrest absent in single knockouts.

    Evidence CD3γ/CD3δ double-knockout mice with thymic and peripheral analysis

    PMID:9763617

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the overlapping requirement not dissected
  12. 1998 Medium

    Showed TCR-ζ masks the CD3γ leucine motif to stabilize surface receptor, explaining why ζ-associated chimeras internalize slowly while ζ-free chimeras are constitutively endocytosed and degraded.

    Evidence CD4/CD3γ and CD16/CD3γ chimeras with co-IP and internalization rate measurement

    PMID:9756853

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Structural basis of masking not defined
  13. 1998 Medium

    Demonstrated PKC-internalized TCR recycles back to the surface in a PP2A-dephosphorylation-dependent, cytoskeleton-independent manner, defining the recycling arm of the cycle.

    Evidence Mutated TCR and CD4-CD3γ chimeras with pharmacological inhibitors and phosphorylation correlation

    PMID:9727047

    Open questions at the time
    • PP2A involvement inferred pharmacologically, not direct
    • Recycling route not mapped
  14. 1998 Medium

    Characterized the human CD3γ-deficiency phenotype as a selective IL-2 production defect upstream of PKC, with most effector functions preserved.

    Evidence HVS-immortalized CD3γ-deficient human T cells with functional assays and PMA/ionophore rescue

    PMID:9743383

    Open questions at the time
    • Single patient-derived model
    • Molecular step responsible for IL-2 defect not pinpointed
  15. 1989 Medium

    Showed that ionomycin-induced CD3γ phosphorylation by a non-PKC kinase is insufficient to trigger down-regulation, establishing that phosphorylation alone does not drive endocytosis.

    Evidence Ionomycin/PMA stimulation with 32P incorporation and surface TCR measurement

    PMID:2521884

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the non-PKC kinase not determined
  16. 1992 Medium

    Identified cytosolic type 2A phosphatases as responsible for CD3γ dephosphorylation, with rapid loss of phosphate from Ser-123 versus Ser-126.

    Evidence Streptolysin-O permeabilization, fractionation, phosphatase inhibitors and phosphopeptide mapping

    PMID:1359883

    Open questions at the time
    • PP2A identity inferred by inhibitor profile, not direct purification
  17. 1999 Medium

    Showed the CD3γε signaling module is necessary and sufficient for CD38-mediated activation independent of ζ, broadening CD3γ's signaling role beyond classical TCR engagement.

    Evidence TCR+ Jurkat with defective ζ, chimeric receptors, PTK/MAPK assays

    PMID:10400695

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of CD38 route not established
    • Single cell-line model
  18. 2002 High

    Established that the CD3γ ITAM is selectively required for positive selection through ERK/LAT signaling, while negative selection and ZAP-70/JNK signaling are preserved.

    Evidence CD3γ-ΔITAM knock-in crossed with F5 TCR transgenics with in vivo/in vitro selection and signaling readouts

    PMID:12093866

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of ITAM-specific ERK coupling not resolved
  19. 2002 Medium

    Linked ligand-induced and PKC-induced TCR internalization by showing both require the CD3γ di-leucine motif and PKC activity.

    Evidence CD3γ-negative variant, PBMC and mouse T cell lines with peptide-MHC stimulation and di-leucine mutants

    PMID:11970997

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of each pathway in vivo not quantified
  20. 2002 Medium

    Mapped the CD3γ promoter as a TATA-less lymphoid-specific promoter regulated by differential NFAT binding, and connected HIV-1 infection to loss of CD3γ transcripts via increased NFATc2.

    Evidence EMSA, supershift, RLM-RACE, promoter deletion/mutation and cyclosporin A in HIV-infected cells

    PMID:12374807

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal link between NFATc2 binding and transcript loss correlative
    • In vivo regulation in patients not confirmed
  21. 2003 Medium

    Distinguished TCR comodulation of non-engaged receptors (PKC- and CD3γ di-leucine-dependent) from engaged-TCR internalization (PTK-dependent), refining the rules of internalization.

    Evidence Dual-TCR T cells with antibody/peptide-MHC stimulation, di-leucine mutants and PKC inhibitors

    PMID:12960325

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Physiological importance of comodulation not established
  22. 2004 Medium

    Quantitatively confirmed that ζ masks the CD3γ di-leucine motif, since ζ truncation raises endocytic rate and a di-leucine-disrupted CD3γ partially restores surface TCR.

    Evidence ζ truncation mutants with endocytic/exocytic rate measurement and CD3γ di-leucine rescue

    PMID:15296492

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural mechanism of masking not resolved
  23. 2004 High

    Determined single-copy stoichiometry of CD3γ and CD3δ in the surface TCR, constraining models of complex architecture.

    Evidence 2D non-reducing/reducing PAGE of surface-biotinylated thymocytes from altered-subunit transgenic mice

    PMID:15459203

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address whether γε and δε copies coexist in one complex
  24. 2007 High

    Explained the human/mouse divergence in γδ development by showing human γδ TCR incorporates CD3δ (which can substitute for CD3γ) whereas mouse γδ TCR uses CD3γ exclusively.

    Evidence Blue native PAGE on human/mouse γδ T cells plus human CD3δ transgene rescue in mice

    PMID:17923503

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural determinants of species-specific subunit usage not defined
  25. 2007 Medium

    Identified the terminal β-strand residues (Q76, Y78, Y79) of the CD3γ Ig domain as essential for γ/ε heterodimerization and surface TCR, and characterized the stalk cysteine contributions.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis with retroviral transduction, fetal thymic organ culture and co-IP

    PMID:17339464

    Open questions at the time
    • Disulfide topology inferred, not directly solved
    • Single lab
  26. 1998 Medium

    Identified pTAC12, a transmembrane-less alternatively spliced CD3γ product associated with the pre-TCR on immature thymocytes, suggesting a developmentally restricted CD3γ isoform.

    Evidence Protein sequencing, cloning, RT-PCR/Western and co-IP with pre-TCR complex

    PMID:9804841

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of pTAC12 not established
    • Single lab
  27. 1999 Medium

    Defined the CD3γ-dependent step in human mature T cells as recycling and re-expression after down-modulation rather than constitutive internalization.

    Evidence Confocal kinetics and flow cytometry in primary CD3γ-deficient T cells with retroviral rescue

    PMID:12794121

    Open questions at the time
    • Single patient model
    • Molecular machinery of the recycling step not identified
  28. 2015 Medium

    Showed the CD3γ di-leucine motif fine-tunes development at the β-selection checkpoint and during selection, beyond its role in down-regulation.

    Evidence CD3γLLAA knock-in mice with thymic subset, apoptosis and Bcl-2 analyses

    PMID:25920998

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between motif and apoptosis not defined
    • Single lab
  29. 2018 Medium

    Linked human CD3γ deficiency to impaired tolerance, showing reduced Treg diversity, increased clonality, defective suppression and self-reactive Tconv repertoire features.

    Evidence High-throughput TCR-β sequencing and Treg suppression assays in CD3G-mutant patients

    PMID:29653965

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal mechanism connecting CD3γ to Treg repertoire not defined
    • Patient cohort single study
  30. 2022 Medium

    Reaffirmed in modern reconstitution that the CD3γ extracellular domain (not CD3δ's) restores surface TCR and the intracellular domain mediates PMA-induced down-regulation and full cytokine/CD69 responses.

    Evidence Retroviral CD3γ/δ chimeras in JGN and primary CD3γ-deficient T cells with surface, cytokine and CD69 assays

    PMID:36119034

    Open questions at the time
    • Residual signaling without CD3γ intracellular domain not fully explained

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the CD3γ ITAM is selectively coupled to ERK/LAT for positive selection, and the molecular machinery linking CD3γ to Treg repertoire diversity and tolerance, remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of ITAM-specific signaling coupling
  • Mechanism connecting CD3γ to Treg diversity unknown
  • Identity of the recycling-step machinery undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 5 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3
Partners
AP-1AP-2CD247CD3DCD3EPIK3R1TRBZAP70
Complex memberships
TCR/CD3 complexpre-TCR complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 31 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1988 Assembly of the TCR-CD3 complex begins in the endoplasmic reticulum with a core of CD3-γ, CD3-δ, and CD3-ε, to which TCR-α and TCR-β chains bind sequentially as individual chains before forming a disulfide-linked αβ heterodimer; CD3-γ is required in this core for ER assembly. Metabolic labeling, immunoprecipitation, pulse-chase analysis, and analysis of variant T cell lines lacking individual TCR/CD3 chains The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 2963821
1991 CD3-γ and CD3-δ form mutually exclusive complexes with CD3-ε: antibodies to CD3-γ failed to co-immunoprecipitate CD3-δ and vice versa, and competitive transfection in COS cells showed CD3-γ and CD3-δ compete for binding to CD3-ε, indicating the TCR/CD3 complex exists as a mixture of αβγεζ and αβδεζ complexes rather than a single αβγδεζ complex. Subunit-specific co-immunoprecipitation in human and murine T cell lines, competitive transfection in COS cells The EMBO Journal High 1826255
1992 In the absence of CD3-γ (Jurkat variant JGN), a tetrameric Ti-αβ/CD3-δε complex forms in the ER but cannot associate with CD3-ζ, is not exported to the Golgi, and does not reach the cell surface; transfection of wild-type CD3-γ rescues surface TCR expression, demonstrating CD3-γ is required for ER-to-Golgi export of the TCR complex. Characterization of CD3-γ-negative Jurkat mutant (JGN), co-immunoprecipitation, transfection rescue experiments Journal of Immunology High 1532815
1994 PKC-mediated TCR down-regulation requires phosphorylation of serine 126 (but not S123) in the cytoplasmic tail of CD3-γ plus a membrane-proximal di-leucine motif (L131/L132); TCR down-regulation proceeds via clathrin-coated pit endocytosis, as hypertonic medium disrupting clathrin lattices severely inhibited it. Site-directed mutagenesis of CD3-γ cDNA transfected into CD3-γ-negative JGN T cells; hypertonic medium treatment; analysis of TCR surface expression The EMBO Journal High 8187769
1991 A conformational epitope on CD3-ε recognized by widely used anti-CD3 mAbs (OKT3, WT31, UCHT1, Leu-4) is only expressed when CD3-ε associates with either CD3-γ or CD3-δ, demonstrating that CD3-γ/ε and CD3-δ/ε heterodimer formation induces a conformational change in CD3-ε. COS cell transfections with individual and combinations of CD3 genes; immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation with panel of anti-CD3 antibodies Journal of Immunology High 1717585
1995 The extracellular domain of CD3-γ plays a unique and non-substitutable role in TCR assembly: replacing the extracellular domain of CD3-γ with that of CD3-δ (in chimeric CD3-γ/δ molecules) prevents TCR cell surface expression, whereas replacing the transmembrane and/or intracellular domains does not. The intracellular domain of CD3-γ is required for PKC-mediated TCR down-regulation but is dispensable for tyrosine phosphorylation signaling. Chimeric CD3-γ/CD3-δ molecule construction; transfection into CD3-γ-negative T cells; surface expression analysis; functional assays The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 7533164
1996 The extracellular Ig-like domain of CD3-γ contains two predicted interaction sites that are required for TCR assembly, likely by binding to CD3-ε; the acidic amino acid in the transmembrane domain of CD3-γ is involved in TCR assembly, likely by binding to TCR-β; N-linked glycosylation of CD3-γ is not required for TCR assembly. Computer modeling of the CD3-γ extracellular Ig domain, site-directed mutagenesis, tunicamycin treatment, reconstitution of TCR expression in CD3-γ-negative T cells The Journal of Cell Biology High 8636209
1997 The CD3-γ D127xxxL131L132 sequence is a unified sorting motif that binds both AP-1 and AP-2 clathrin adaptor proteins in vitro; phosphorylation of CD3-γ S126 within the complete TCR induces a conformational change that exposes this DxxxLL motif for AP binding, thereby increasing TCR internalization rate and impairing TCR signaling. In vitro binding of CD3-γ peptides to clathrin-coated vesicle adaptor proteins; analysis of monomeric CD4/CD3-γ chimeras; analysis of complete multimeric TCR; site-directed mutagenesis The Journal of Cell Biology High 9230070
1996 The doubly phosphorylated ITAM of CD3-γ binds ZAP-70 as well as the adapter proteins Shc, Grb-2, and the p85 subunit of PI3K; CD3-γ ITAM does not bind CD3-ε ITAM partners (Shc, Grb-2, p85 do not bind CD3-ε ITAM), indicating differential signaling capacity among CD3 ITAMs. In vitro phosphopeptide binding assays using doubly phosphorylated CD3 ITAM peptides; comparison across all TCR/CD3 ITAM sequences European Journal of Immunology Medium 8647168
1998 TCR-ζ chain masks the CD3-γ leucine-based endocytosis motif to allow stable surface expression of the fully assembled TCR; CD16/CD3-γ chimeras that associate with TCR-ζ show low spontaneous internalization, whereas CD4/CD3-γ chimeras that do not associate with TCR-ζ have constitutively active leucine-based motif leading to rapid internalization and lysosomal degradation. CD4/CD3-γ and CD16/CD3-γ chimera transfection; co-immunoprecipitation with TCR-ζ; measurement of internalization rates The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 9756853
1998 Following PKC-induced internalization, the TCR is recycled back to the cell surface in a functional state; recycling depends on dephosphorylation of CD3-γ, likely mediated by serine/threonine protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A), but is independent of microtubules, actin polymerization, CD45, Lck, and Fyn; the only sorting information in CD3-γ is the leucine-based motif that mediates lysosomal sorting. Analysis of mutated TCR and chimeric CD4-CD3-γ molecules; pharmacological inhibitors; phosphorylation state correlation with T cell responsiveness The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 9727047
1998 CD3-γ is an essential component of the pre-TCR: CD3-γ-deficient mice show severe T cell developmental arrest at the CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage, with <1% normal thymus cellularity; both TCRαβ and TCRγδ lineages fail to develop, but absence of CD3-γ does not affect TCRβ, δ, or γ locus rearrangements. CD3-γ gene knockout mice; flow cytometric analysis of thymic and peripheral T cell subsets; TCR gene rearrangement analysis; anti-CD3ε cross-linking rescue experiments The EMBO Journal High 9524111
1998 CD3-γ and CD3-δ together play an essential but partially overlapping role in pre-TCR and TCR function: double-knockout CD3-γδ-/- mice show complete arrest of early thymic development (unlike single knockouts which allow some TCRαβ T cells), and have no TCRαβ or TCRγδ T cells, demonstrating collective requirement. CD3-γ and CD3-δ double-knockout mouse generation and analysis; flow cytometric analysis of thymic and peripheral T cells The Journal of Experimental Medicine High 9763617
1998 Absence of CD3-γ specifically impairs IL-2 production in both CD4+ and CD8+ human T cells following TCR/CD3 engagement; other activation responses (calcium flux, cytotoxicity, CD69/CD40L upregulation, TNF-α induction, proliferation) are maintained, and the defect is upstream of PKC as it is rescued by PMA plus calcium ionophore. HVS immortalization of CD3-γ-deficient human T cells; functional assays for calcium flux, cytotoxicity, activation marker expression, cytokine production Journal of Immunology Medium 9743383
1999 The CD3-γδε signaling module is a necessary and sufficient component of the TCR/CD3 complex for CD38-mediated T cell activation: in TCR+ cells with defective CD3-ζ association, CD38 ligation caused CD3-ε phosphorylation (not CD3-ζ) yet still activated PTK and MAPK pathways, whereas chimeric CD25-ζ or CD25-ε receptors alone could not transduce CD38 signals. TCR+ Jurkat T cells with defective CD3-ζ; chimeric receptor expression; tyrosine phosphorylation assays; PTK and MAPK activation measurement The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 10400695
2002 The CD3-γ ITAM is required for efficient positive selection: knock-in mice with a signaling-deficient CD3-γ-ΔITAM TCR complex show severely impaired positive selection correlated with defective ERK activation and LAT phosphorylation, while negative selection, ZAP-70 and JNK activation, and CD69 upregulation are preserved. CD3-γ-ΔITAM knock-in mice crossed with F5 TCR transgenic mice; in vivo and in vitro positive selection assays; signaling pathway analysis The Journal of Experimental Medicine High 12093866
2002 PKC activation and the CD3-γ di-leucine-based motif are required for efficient ligand-induced TCR down-regulation, demonstrating a connection between ligand-mediated and PKC-induced TCR internalization pathways. CD3-γ-negative T cell variant; PBMC analysis; mouse T cell lines; anti-TCR antibodies and peptide-MHC stimulation; di-leucine motif mutant analysis Journal of Immunology Medium 11970997
1989 CD3-γ chain phosphorylation can be induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin through a kinase distinct from PKC; however, ionomycin-induced CD3-γ phosphorylation is not sufficient to trigger TCR down-regulation, demonstrating that phosphorylation alone is not sufficient for endocytosis of the TCR/CD3 complex. Ionomycin and PMA stimulation of T cells; 32P incorporation; PKC activity assays; TCR surface expression measurement Journal of Immunology Medium 2521884
1992 Cytosolic type 2A phosphatases (not membrane-associated phosphatases) are responsible for dephosphorylating the CD3-γ chain in situ; PKC phosphorylates CD3-γ at Ser-123 and Ser-126 but phosphate is rapidly lost from Ser-123 by cytosolic phosphatase action. Streptolysin-O permeabilization of T cells; fractionation; phosphatase inhibitor studies; phosphopeptide mapping; CD2/CD3 cross-linking The Biochemical Journal Medium 1359883
2004 Progressive truncations of the TCR-ζ cytoplasmic tail reduce surface TCR expression by increasing the endocytic rate constant without affecting the exocytic rate; introduction of a CD3-γ chain with a disrupted di-leucine endocytosis motif partially restores TCR expression in cells with truncated ζ, confirming that ζ masks the CD3-γ di-leucine motif to stabilize surface TCR. ζ chain truncation mutants transfected into T cells; TCR endocytic and exocytic rate constant measurements; CD3-γ di-leucine mutant rescue Traffic Medium 15296492
2003 TCR comodulation (internalization of non-engaged TCR upon triggering of a distinct TCR) is dependent on PKC activity and the CD3-γ di-leucine-based motif, distinguishing it mechanistically from internalization of engaged TCR which requires protein tyrosine kinase activity but is less dependent on PKC and CD3-γ. T cells expressing two distinct TCRs; anti-TCR mAb and peptide-MHC stimulation; CD3-γ di-leucine motif mutants; PKC inhibitors; kinetics of comodulation Journal of Immunology Medium 12960325
2004 The surface TCR/CD3 complex contains exactly one molecule each of CD3-δ and CD3-γ (single copy stoichiometry), as demonstrated by 2D non-reducing/reducing gel analysis of surface-biotinylated thymocytes from transgenic mice expressing an altered form of CD3-δ and CD3-γ on the respective knockout backgrounds. Transgenic mice expressing altered CD3-δ and CD3-γ on knockout backgrounds; surface biotinylation; immunoprecipitation; 2D non-reducing/reducing PAGE The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 15459203
2007 Human γδ TCR has a TCRγδ/CD3ε2δγ/ζ2 stoichiometry (includes CD3-δ), whereas mouse γδ TCR has a TCRγδ/CD3ε2γ2/ζ2 stoichiometry (does not incorporate CD3-δ); this difference explains why CD3-γ-deficient mice but not CD3-γ-deficient humans show a block in γδ T cell development—in humans CD3-δ can substitute for CD3-γ in the γδ TCR. Blue native PAGE with anti-TCR specific antibodies on primary and cultured human and mouse γδ T cells; human CD3-δ transgene rescue in CD3-δ/γ double-deficient mice The Journal of Experimental Medicine High 17923503
2007 The terminal β-strand of the CD3-γ extracellular Ig domain (residues Q76, Y78, Y79) is essential for CD3-γ/ε heterodimerization and surface TCR expression; the stalk cysteines C82 and C85 of CD3-γ are required for optimal CD3-γ/ε association and thymocyte development but their disruption does not abolish surface TCR expression; the two stalk cysteines likely form a tight intrachain disulfide loop rather than a metal coordination site with CD3-ε cysteines. Site-directed mutagenesis of CD3-γ; retroviral transduction of lymphoid progenitors; fetal thymic organ culture; co-immunoprecipitation; antisera reactivity assays Journal of Immunology Medium 17339464
1998 pTAC12, a 12-kDa pre-TCR-associated chain, is an alternatively spliced product of CD3-γ lacking exon 4 (transmembrane region); it is expressed as a dimer associated with the pre-TCR complex and the clonotype-independent CD3 complex on immature thymocytes but not on mature T cells, despite mature T cells expressing low levels intracellularly. Protein sequencing, molecular cloning, expression analysis by RT-PCR and Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation with pre-TCR complex The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 9804841
1995 The TCR-β chain interacts with CD3-γ specifically through their extracellular domains, as demonstrated by domain-swap mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation in COS-7 cells. Recombinant cDNA constructs with domain swaps; COS-7 transfection; metabolic labeling; co-immunoprecipitation; NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE Immunology and Cell Biology Low 8713474
2002 The human CD3-γ promoter is a TATA-less lymphoid-specific promoter driven by an initiator sequence and adjacent Sp-family binding GT/GC boxes; three NFAT consensus motifs differentially bind NFATc1+NF-κB p50 (positive regulation at NFATγ1 and NFATγ3) or NFATc2 alone (negative regulation at NFATγ2), and HIV-1 infection progressively increases NFATc2 binding correlating with loss of CD3-γ transcripts. EMSA, supershift assays, RLMRACE, promoter deletion/mutation analysis, cyclosporin A treatment of HIV-infected cells The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 12374807
2015 The CD3-γ di-leucine motif fine-tunes T cell development: PKC-induced TCR down-regulation is abolished in thymocytes from CD3-γLLAA mice; early development is impaired at the β-selection checkpoint (reduced DN4 cells due to increased apoptosis and Bcl-2 downregulation), and positive/negative selection and CD4/CD8 SP differentiation are also affected, establishing a developmental role for the CD3-γ di-leucine motif in pre-TCR and TCR regulation. CD3-γLLAA knock-in mouse model; flow cytometric analysis of thymic subsets; apoptosis assays; Bcl-2 expression analysis; PKC-induced TCR down-regulation assays International Immunology Medium 25920998
1999 In human CD3-γ-deficient mature T cells, constitutive TCR internalization and degradation are apparently normal, but TCR recycling after down-modulation is impaired, early ligand-induced endocytosis is reduced, and TCR re-expression after complete down-modulation is delayed; retroviral transduction of CD3-γ restores normal surface TCR expression, confirming CD3-γ-dependence of the recycling/transport step. Confocal microscopy kinetics; flow cytometry; retroviral transduction of CD3-γ in primary CD3-γ-deficient T cells Journal of Immunology Medium 12794121
2022 The extracellular domain of CD3-γ (not CD3-δ) is specifically required for restoring surface TCR levels in CD3-γ-deficient JGN cells; the intracellular domain of CD3-γ is required for PMA-induced TCR down-regulation and for TCR-induced IL-2/TNF-α production and CD69 expression, while a TCR lacking the CD3-γ intracellular domain still propagates some signals. Retroviral expression of CD3-γ/δ chimeric constructs in JGN cells and primary CD3-γ-deficient T cells; flow cytometry for surface TCR; cytokine production assays; CD69 expression Frontiers in Immunology Medium 36119034
2018 CD3-γ deficiency in humans results in reduced diversity, increased clonality, and impaired suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the Tconv TRB repertoire is enriched for hydrophobic amino acids at CDR3 positions 6-7 (a biomarker of self-reactivity), linking CD3-γ to establishment of normal T cell tolerance. High-throughput TCR-β sequencing in CD3G-mutant patients vs. healthy controls; Treg suppression assays Blood Medium 29653965

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 99 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 CD3 gamma contains a phosphoserine-dependent di-leucine motif involved in down-regulation of the T cell receptor. The EMBO journal 212 8187769
1991 Novel function for intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Murine CD3+, gamma/delta TCR+ T cells produce IFN-gamma and IL-5. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 160 1682383
1997 Regulation and function of the CD3gamma DxxxLL motif: a binding site for adaptor protein-1 and adaptor protein-2 in vitro. The Journal of cell biology 147 9230070
1992 Expression of cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon proteins in activated human adult natural killer (NK) cells and CD3 gamma, delta, epsilon complexes in fetal NK cells. Implications for the relationship of NK and T lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 147 1387664
1988 Assembly of the human T cell receptor-CD3 complex takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves intermediary complexes between the CD3-gamma.delta.epsilon core and single T cell receptor alpha or beta chains. The Journal of biological chemistry 145 2963821
1998 The CD3gamma chain is essential for development of both the TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta lineages. The EMBO journal 126 9524111
1988 Characterization of human peripheral lymphocytes expressing the CD3-gamma/delta complex with anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 110 3263423
1991 The CD3-gamma and CD3-delta subunits of the T cell antigen receptor can be expressed within distinct functional TCR/CD3 complexes. The EMBO journal 108 1826255
1996 The protein interactions of the immunoglobulin receptor family tyrosine-based activation motifs present in the T cell receptor zeta subunits and the CD3 gamma, delta and epsilon chains. European journal of immunology 92 8647168
1991 A conformational epitope expressed upon association of CD3-epsilon with either CD3-delta or CD3-gamma is the main target for recognition by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 82 1717585
1999 Expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein-CD3gamma chimeras to demonstrate the selective generation of amyloid beta(1-40) and amyloid beta(1-42) peptides within secretory and endocytic compartments. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 10542269
1992 Failure to synthesize the CD3-gamma chain. Consequences for T cell antigen receptor assembly, processing, and expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 69 1532815
2007 Different composition of the human and the mouse gammadelta T cell receptor explains different phenotypes of CD3gamma and CD3delta immunodeficiencies. The Journal of experimental medicine 63 17923503
1996 Role of CD3 gamma in T cell receptor assembly. The Journal of cell biology 63 8636209
1991 Expression and function of a variant T cell receptor complex lacking CD3-gamma. The Journal of experimental medicine 61 1713248
2018 Patients with CD3G mutations reveal a role for human CD3γ in Treg diversity and suppressive function. Blood 57 29653965
1987 Close linkage of the mouse and human CD3 gamma- and delta-chain genes suggests that their transcription is controlled by common regulatory elements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 2827170
1999 PIM1 reconstitutes thymus cellularity in interleukin 7- and common gamma chain-mutant mice and permits thymocyte maturation in Rag- but not CD3gamma-deficient mice. The Journal of experimental medicine 50 10523604
1990 A specific defect in CD3 gamma-chain gene transcription results in loss of T-cell receptor/CD3 expression late after human immunodeficiency virus infection of a CD4+ T-cell line. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 47 2144349
1997 An amphibian CD3 homologue of the mammalian CD3 gamma and delta genes. European journal of immunology 44 9247572
1990 Human T cell leukemia virus type I prevents cell surface expression of the T cell receptor through down-regulation of the CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta genes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 41 2144550
1989 Identification of pre-T cells in human peripheral blood. Extrathymic differentiation of CD7+CD3- cells into CD3+ gamma/delta+ or alpha/beta+ T cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 40 2473158
1995 Distinct domains of the CD3-gamma chain are involved in surface expression and function of the T cell antigen receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 7533164
2005 Characterization and expression analysis of CD3varepsilon and CD3gamma/delta in fugu, Takifugu rubripes. Immunogenetics 36 15756549
1990 Characterization of thymus-derived lymphocytes expressing Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta, Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon eta-eta or Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta/zeta-eta antigen receptor isoforms: analysis by gene transfection. The Journal of experimental medicine 36 2145389
2002 Contributions of the T cell receptor-associated CD3gamma-ITAM to thymocyte selection. The Journal of experimental medicine 34 12093866
1999 The CD3-gamma delta epsilon transducing module mediates CD38-induced protein-tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in Jurkat T cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 10400695
1998 The phosphorylation state of CD3gamma influences T cell responsiveness and controls T cell receptor cycling. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 9727047
2002 The CD3 gamma leucine-based receptor-sorting motif is required for efficient ligand-mediated TCR down-regulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 33 11970997
2002 Identification of three NFAT binding motifs in the 5'-upstream region of the human CD3gamma gene that differentially bind NFATc1, NFATc2, and NF-kappa B p50. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 12374807
2005 The CD3 gamma epsilon/delta epsilon signaling module provides normal T cell functions in the absence of the TCR zeta immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. European journal of immunology 30 16259006
1992 Human fetal liver-derived CD7+CD2lowCD3-CD56- clones that express CD3 gamma, delta, and epsilon and proliferate in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, or IL-7: implications for the relationship between T and natural killer cells. Blood 30 1381242
1998 T cell receptor zeta allows stable expression of receptors containing the CD3gamma leucine-based receptor-sorting motif. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 9756853
1989 Evidence that a kinase distinct from protein kinase C induces CD3 gamma-subunit phosphorylation without a concomitant down-regulation in CD3 antigen expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 29 2521884
2001 A redundant role of the CD3 gamma-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in mature T cell function. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 11160319
1991 CD3G is within 200 kb of the leukemic t(4;11) translocation breakpoint. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 27 1829960
2007 Molecular cloning and characterization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) TCRgamma and CD3gamma/delta chains. Fish & shellfish immunology 26 18272397
1997 Role of CD3gamma and CD3delta cytoplasmic domains in cytolytic T lymphocyte functions and TCR/CD3 down-modulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 26 9126976
2008 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a CD3 gamma-deficient infant with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatric transplantation 25 18482219
1999 T lymphocyte development in the absence of CD3 epsilon or CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 24 9886373
2013 Variable presentation of primary immune deficiency: two cases with CD3 gamma deficiency presenting with only autoimmunity. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 23 23590417
1999 Conformational and biochemical differences in the TCR.CD3 complex of CD8(+) versus CD4(+) mature lymphocytes revealed in the absence of CD3gamma. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 10574994
1998 Signaling through a CD3 gamma-deficient TCR/CD3 complex in immortalized mature CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 23 9743383
1998 Essential and partially overlapping role of CD3gamma and CD3delta for development of alphabeta and gammadelta T lymphocytes. The Journal of experimental medicine 22 9763617
2007 Importance of the CD3gamma ectodomain terminal beta-strand and membrane proximal stalk in thymic development and receptor assembly. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 17339464
2003 TCR dynamics in human mature T lymphocytes lacking CD3 gamma. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 12794121
2014 CD3G gene defects in familial autoimmune thyroiditis. Scandinavian journal of immunology 20 24910257
1998 Expression of a CD3 epsilon transgene in CD3 epsilon(null) mice does not restore CD3 gamma and delta expression but efficiently rescues T cell development from a subpopulation of prothymocytes. International immunology 20 9885898
2003 TCR comodulation of nonengaged TCR takes place by a protein kinase C and CD3 gamma di-leucine-based motif-dependent mechanism. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 19 12960325
2021 CD3G or CD3D Knockdown in Mature, but Not Immature, T Lymphocytes Similarly Cripples the Human TCRαβ Complex. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 18 34249896
1996 Herpes virus saimiri transformation of T cells in CD3 gamma immunodeficiency: phenotypic and functional characterization. Journal of immunological methods 18 8946013
2005 Defective CD3gamma gene transcription is associated with NFATc2 overexpression in the lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Experimental hematology 17 16219537
2011 Deficiency of CD3gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta expression in T cells from AML patients. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 16 21269565
1993 Selective disbalances of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in human CD3 gamma deficiency. European journal of immunology 16 8325321
1990 Characterization of the CD3 gamma and delta invariant subunits of the sheep T cell antigen receptor. European journal of immunology 16 2143727
1992 CD3 and CD2 antigen-mediated CD3 gamma-chain phosphorylation in permeabilized human T cells. Regulation by cytosolic phosphatases. The Biochemical journal 15 1359883
1992 CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta, T-cell receptor-alpha and -beta transcripts are independently regulated during thymocyte ontogeny and T-cell activation. Immunology 14 1478692
1991 Biochemical basis of a novel T lymphocyte receptor immunodeficiency by immunohistochemistry. A possible CD3 gamma abnormality. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 14 1709425
1990 The phosphorylation of the CD3 gamma chain of T lymphocytes is modulated by beta-endorphin. European journal of immunology 14 2140792
2006 Overlapping functions of human CD3delta and mouse CD3gamma in alphabeta T-cell development revealed in a humanized CD3gamma-mouse. Blood 13 16888097
2002 Sequencing and expression of the CD3 gamma/delta mRNA in Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian). Immunogenetics 13 12037605
1999 Antigen-induced TCR-CD3 down-modulation does not require CD3delta or CD3gamma cytoplasmic domains, necessary in response to anti-CD3 antibody. International immunology 13 10545476
1989 Immunoactive products of human placenta. II. Direct inhibition of non-MHC restricted cytolytic activity of human CD3 alpha-beta but not CD3 gamma-delta expressing T cell clones. Journal of reproductive immunology 13 2532256
2019 A Novel CD3G Mutation in a Taiwanese Patient With Normal T Regulatory Function Presenting With the CVID Phenotype Free of Autoimmunity-Analysis of all Genotypes and Phenotypes. Frontiers in immunology 12 31921117
2000 Evaluation of T-cell receptor CD3+ gamma delta in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta diabetologica 12 11450505
1993 T lymphocyte signalling defects and immunodeficiency due to the lack of CD3 gamma. Immunodeficiency 12 7909475
2020 Characterization of CD3γ/δ+ cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Developmental and comparative immunology 11 32784010
1997 Construction of retroviral vectors carrying human CD3 gamma cDNA and reconstitution of CD3 gamma expression and T cell receptor surface expression and function in a CD3 gamma-deficient mutant T cell line. Human gene therapy 11 9189762
1996 CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, and CD3 zeta mRNA in adult human marrow hematopoietic progenitors correlates with surface CD2 and CD7 expression. Experimental hematology 11 8913286
2013 Human CD3γ, but not CD3δ, haploinsufficiency differentially impairs γδ versus αβ surface TCR expression. BMC immunology 10 23336327
2011 CD3γ/δ in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Molecular characterization and expression analysis. Results in immunology 10 24371550
2005 Transcriptional regulation of the human CD3 gamma gene: the TATA-less CD3 gamma promoter functions via an initiator and contiguous Sp-binding elements. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 10 15879122
2004 Masking of the CD3 gamma di-leucine-based motif by zeta is required for efficient T-cell receptor expression. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 10 15296492
2002 Contribution of CD3 gamma to TCR regulation and signaling in human mature T lymphocytes. International immunology 10 12407027
1990 DNase hypersensitivity and methylation of the human CD3G and D genes during T-cell development. Immunogenetics 9 2137107
2020 Association of variants in IL1B, TLR9, TREM1, IL10RA, and CD3G and Native American ancestry on malaria susceptibility in Colombian populations. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 8 33316430
1998 Molecular cloning of pTAC12 an alternative splicing product of the CD3gamma chain as a component of the pre-T cell antigen-receptor complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 9804841
2006 Different role for mouse and human CD3delta/epsilon heterodimer in preT cell receptor (preTCR) function: human CD3delta/epsilon heterodimer restores the defective preTCR function in CD3gamma- and CD3gammadelta-deficient mice. Molecular immunology 7 16412509
2006 The impact of single amino acid substitutions in CD3gamma on the CD3epsilongamma interaction and T-cell receptor-CD3 complex formation. Human immunology 7 16916653
2004 Biochemical evidence for the presence of a single CD3delta and CD3gamma chain in the surface T cell receptor/CD3 complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 7 15459203
2000 Dissection of the role of CD3gamma chains in profound but reversible T-cell receptor down-regulation. Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 10931385
1999 Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 produces a defect in CD3-gamma gene transcripts similar to that observed for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Journal of virology 7 10233990
1993 Covalent binding of guanine nucleotides to the CD3-gamma chain of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex. European journal of immunology 7 8436180
1989 Human CD3 gamma delta + activated lymphocytes exhibit killer activity in vitro against autologous leukemic cells. Nouvelle revue francaise d'hematologie 6 2528119
1995 The T cell antigen receptor beta chain interacts with the extracellular domain of CD3-gamma. Immunology and cell biology 5 8713474
2011 Molecular and biochemical characterization of the Mexican axolotl CD3 (CD3ε and CD3γ/δ). Immunogenetics 4 21789595
2000 On the genetic mechanism of induction of CD3gamma-negative human T cell variants. European journal of immunology 4 10671218
2015 Fine-tuning of T-cell development by the CD3γ di-leucine-based TCR-sorting motif. International immunology 3 25920998
2011 CD3γ-independent pathways in TCR-mediated signaling in mature T and iNKT lymphocytes. Cellular immunology 3 21764047
1997 Difference between lambs with chronic and mild dermatophilosis in frequency of alleles of CD3 gamma. Veterinary microbiology 3 9444070
2024 A CD3G homozygous pathogenic variant in a Chinese child with lupus-like disease, autoimmune thyroiditis and immunodeficiency. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2 39094808
2023 Characterization of CD3γ/δ gene and its immune response in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus after challenged by Aeromonas veronii and Poly(I:C). Fish & shellfish immunology 2 36646341
2025 CD3γ/δ+ T cells and MCSFR+ macrophages are activated to produce IL-26 after bacterial infection in grass carp. Fish & shellfish immunology 1 39938622
2024 Immune-Related Molecules CD3G and FERMT3: Novel Biomarkers Associated with Sepsis. International journal of molecular sciences 1 38255822
2022 The role of the different CD3γ domains in TCR expression and signaling. Frontiers in immunology 1 36119034
1989 Components of the human T lymphocyte antigen receptor complex, CD3-p28 and CD3-gamma, are biochemically distinct. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 1 2794751
2026 Fate mapping reveals a prenatal-to-neonatal wave of ILC2s with a history of Cd3g expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 0 42252125
2025 Unveiling the dual role of CD3G: a diagnostic biomarker for depression and its oncogenic implications. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 0 41103455
2016 [Changes of CD3γ, CD3δ and CD3epsilon chains mRNAs in lead-poisoned patients after chelate treatment]. Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 0 27053617

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