Affinage

CD1C

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1c · UniProt P29017

Length
333 aa
Mass
37.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 38 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD1c is an MHC class I-like, beta2-microglobulin-associated antigen-presenting molecule that surveys non-lysosomal compartments to capture and display lipid antigens to T cells (PMID:2447586, PMID:10899914). Originally defined as a CD1 family glycoprotein expressed on a subset of B cells and myeloid dendritic cells (PMID:2447586, PMID:3260523), CD1c presents a structurally diverse repertoire of foreign and self lipids—including mycobacterial isoprenoid glycolipids and mannosyl-beta1-phosphomycoketides, lipopeptides, leukemia-associated methyl-lysophosphatidic acids, and self cholesteryl esters/steryl glycosides—to alphabeta and Vdelta1 gammadelta T cells (PMID:10786796, PMID:18022562, PMID:19468063, PMID:24935257, PMID:26884207). Its intracellular trafficking is directed by a cytoplasmic-tail tyrosine-based internalization motif that targets CD1c to early/late endosomes rather than lysosomes; deleting the tail abolishes most intracellular localization, and rerouting CD1c to lysosomes destroys certain antigens, establishing that CD1c loads antigen along an early endosomal/non-lysosomal pathway distinct from the lysosome-dependent CD1b route (PMID:10899914, PMID:10903726, PMID:19468063). Presentation can require cellular processing: mannosylphosphomycoketide antigens are deglycosylated before recognition, a model reinforced by hydrolysis-resistant analogs that alter T-cell but not CD1c recognition (PMID:23530121, PMID:34536421). Crystallographic and biophysical studies define a ternary CD1c–lipid–TCR interaction in which the A' pocket accommodates the alkyl chain and lipid occupancy stabilizes specific conformations of the alpha1/alpha2 helices that form the TCR footprint; autoreactivity arises when small self lipids are fully sequestered within the closed portal, allowing TCRs to bind the CD1c surface directly (PMID:25298532, PMID:26884207, PMID:29531339). Beyond antigen display, CD1c binds the inhibitory receptor ILT4 with higher affinity than CD1d and acts as a sink that relieves ILT4-mediated inhibition of CD1d-restricted NKT responses (PMID:22888216, PMID:23885215). CD1c also marks a functionally distinct myeloid DC subset that cross-primes CD8+ T cells and drives Th1/Th17 polarization through context-dependent cytokine programs (PMID:23794066, PMID:25765676, PMID:28878767). CD1c-restricted T cells contribute to antimicrobial immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PMID:10786796, PMID:15611286) and to recognition of CD1c+ leukemia cells (PMID:24935257).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1987 High

    Established CD1c as a distinct member of an MHC class I-like, beta2-microglobulin-associated gene family, defining the molecular class of the protein before any function was known.

    Evidence Gene transfection into mouse cells, genomic/cDNA sequencing, and monoclonal antibody recognition

    PMID:2447586

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define ligand or antigen-presenting function
    • No cell-type expression pattern established
  2. 1988 High

    Defined the cellular expression niche of CD1c—restricted to B-cell subsets and inducible by BCR activation—linking the molecule to adaptive immune cell populations.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, ultrastructural analysis, and in vitro B-cell activation

    PMID:3260523

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role on B cells not addressed
    • Did not characterize dendritic cell expression
  3. 1996 High

    Demonstrated that CD1c is a functional antigen-presenting molecule for mycobacterial lipids, recognized in a TAP- and DM-independent manner, distinguishing it from peptide-presenting MHC.

    Evidence CD1c-restricted T cell line cytotoxicity assays with TAP/DM independence testing and antibody blocking

    PMID:8816382

    Open questions at the time
    • Chemical identity of antigens not defined
    • Basis of autoreactivity to CD1c itself unexplained
  4. 2000 High

    Identified the chemical class of CD1c foreign antigens (isoprenoid glycolipids/phosphodolichols) and showed clinical relevance via responses in M. tuberculosis-infected subjects.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry lipid identification plus CD1c-restricted T cell assays and ex vivo responses

    PMID:10786796

    Open questions at the time
    • Bacterial biosynthetic origin of antigens not yet established
    • Stereochemical requirements unknown
  5. 2000 High

    Defined the trafficking and antigen-loading pathway of CD1c, showing surface/early-endosomal distribution governed by a tail tyrosine motif and a lysosome-independent route distinct from CD1b.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, tail-deletion mutagenesis, acidification inhibition, and GPI-reanchoring with functional T cell assays

    PMID:10899914 PMID:10903726

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular machinery directing endosomal sorting not identified
    • Lipid loading chaperones unknown
  6. 2004 High

    Pinpointed the mycobacterial polyketide synthase pks12 as the genetic source of CD1c mycoketide antigens, providing pathogen-specific biosynthetic grounding for antigen production.

    Evidence Genetic deletion/complementation of pks12 in M. tuberculosis with biochemistry and T cell activation

    PMID:15611286

    Open questions at the time
    • Host processing of these antigens not yet addressed
    • Structural basis of CD1c binding unknown
  7. 2007 High

    Established the stereochemical fine specificity of CD1c-restricted T cells, showing recognition of bacteria-specific S-configuration methyl-branched lipid patterns matched to pks12 output.

    Evidence Synthetic stereorandom vs stereospecific phosphomycoketide analogs in T cell assays

    PMID:18022562

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural docking of antigen in CD1c not determined
    • TCR contribution to stereoselectivity unresolved
  8. 2009 High

    Showed CD1c presents lipopeptides and that proper presentation depends on its early-endosomal trafficking, since lysosomal rerouting destroys the antigen—mechanistically defining where CD1c surveys.

    Evidence Synthetic lipopeptide assays with CD1c tail mutation to redirect trafficking and protease inhibition

    PMID:19468063

    Open questions at the time
    • Range of compartments surveyed beyond endosomes unclear
    • Loading mechanism for lipopeptides not defined
  9. 2011 High

    Catalogued the endogenous self-lipid cargo of CD1c by direct biochemistry, implicating ER/Golgi/secretory as well as endocytic compartments in CD1c surveillance.

    Evidence Affinity purification of CD1c and mass spectrometry of bound lipids with specificity controls

    PMID:21900247

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional/antigenic role of individual self-lipids not tested here
    • Compartmental loading routes inferred, not directly shown
  10. 2012 Medium

    Revealed an antigen-presentation-independent function: CD1c binds the inhibitory receptor ILT4 with higher affinity than CD1d and acts as a sink to enhance CD1d-restricted NKT recognition.

    Evidence Binding affinity measurements with CD1c gain/loss-of-function and NKT co-culture assays

    PMID:22888216

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; structural basis of CD1c-ILT4 interaction not defined
    • In vivo relevance of the ILT4 sink mechanism untested
  11. 2013 High

    Provided direct biophysical and processing evidence for the ternary CD1c-lipid-TCR interaction, showing antigen deglycosylation generates the recognized phosphomycoketide neoepitope.

    Evidence CD1c tetramers, cell-free antigen-processing systems, and ex vivo human T cell detection

    PMID:23530121

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of host deglycosylating enzyme not established
    • Generality of processing across CD1c antigens unknown
  12. 2013 High

    Defined CD1c+ myeloid DCs as a functionally specialized subset that cross-primes CD8 T cells and polarizes T-helper responses through distinctive, often IL-12-independent, cytokine programs.

    Evidence Purified blood/tissue DC subset functional assays, TLR stimulation, cross-presentation and priming assays, IL-12 neutralization and an IL-12-deficient patient

    PMID:22678905 PMID:23562160 PMID:23794066 PMID:25765676

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between CD1c lipid presentation and these DC effector functions unclear
    • Molecular basis of subset-specific cytokine wiring incomplete
  13. 2014 High

    Extended CD1c antigen repertoire to a tumor-associated self lipid (methyl-lysophosphatidic acid), demonstrating CD1c-restricted T cells can recognize and kill CD1c+ leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

    Evidence Lipid biochemistry, CD1c-blocked cytotoxicity, and xenograft mouse model

    PMID:24935257

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of mLPA accumulation in leukemia not defined
    • Therapeutic translatability untested
  14. 2014 High

    Solved the structural basis of CD1c antigen presentation, mapping the A' pocket binding of the mycoketide chain and identifying diverse alpha1/alpha2 helix residues used by structurally varied TCRs.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of CD1c-PM, surface plasmon resonance across multiple TCRs, and CD1c/TCR mutagenesis

    PMID:25298532

    Open questions at the time
    • No single archetypical TCR footprint—rules of recognition incomplete
    • Self-lipid complexes not crystallized here
  15. 2016 High

    Showed CD1c serves Vdelta1+ gammadelta TCRs directly and discriminates permissive from non-permissive lipid ligands, broadening CD1c's role across T cell lineages.

    Evidence CD1c tetramer staining with Vdelta selection and Vdelta1 domain mutagenesis across diverse lipids

    PMID:26755823

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological gammadelta ligand in vivo unidentified
    • Structural basis of gammadelta-CD1c contact not solved
  16. 2016 High

    Linked CD1c conformation to autoreactivity, showing self-lipid occupancy (cholesteryl esters, acylated steryl glycosides) stabilizes conformations forming a footprint for self-reactive TCRs.

    Evidence 2.4 Å crystal structure, molecular dynamics, lipid loading, and TCR binding assays

    PMID:26884207

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological abundance of these self-lipids on APCs unclear
    • Consequences of autoreactivity in vivo not defined
  17. 2018 High

    Resolved the structural mechanism of CD1c TCR polyspecificity, showing TCRs dock over the closed portal without contacting fully sequestered small self lipids—explaining lipid-permissive autoreactivity.

    Evidence CD1c tetramer staining with diverse self lipids and crystallography of a TCR-CD1c complex

    PMID:29531339

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional threshold separating tolerance from autoreactivity unknown
    • Role of portal sequestration for larger antigens unaddressed
  18. 2021 High

    Reinforced the antigen-processing model by showing hydrolysis-resistant phosphomycoketide analogs bind CD1c normally but are recognized differently by T cells, indicating glycolipid hydrolysis during presentation.

    Evidence Synthetic analogs, crystallography of CD1c-analog complexes, and T cell assays

    PMID:34536421

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity and localization of the responsible hydrolase still unknown
    • Kinetics of processing during presentation undefined
  19. 2016 Medium

    Identified post-transcriptional control of CD1c expression by miR-381-3p as part of an IL-10-driven immunosuppressive circuit during mycobacterial infection.

    Evidence Luciferase 3'-UTR reporter, miR-381-3p inhibition in BCG-infected DCs, and TB patient DC analysis

    PMID:27296666

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; in vivo causal role of the circuit not established
    • Other regulators of CD1c expression not surveyed here

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CD1c lipid surveillance, conformational autoreactivity, and the effector functions of CD1c+ DCs are mechanistically integrated in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No identified host enzyme performing antigen deglycosylation
  • Connection between CD1c lipid presentation and CD1c+ DC cytokine programs unestablished
  • In vivo significance of ILT4-sink and autoreactivity not demonstrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 6 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3
Localization
GO:0005768 endosome 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5
Partners
B2MILT4TRAV/TRBV TCRTRDV1 (VDELTA1 TCR)

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 CD1c (along with CD1a and CD1b) was identified as a member of a family of antigen-presenting molecules distantly related to MHC class I, with a beta2-microglobulin-binding domain and characteristic intron-exon structure. CD1c has a duplicated form of a conserved 5'-untranslated exon. The genes were identified by transfection into mouse cells, which then expressed the surface antigens recognized by cluster-defining monoclonal antibodies. Gene transfection into mouse cells, genomic DNA sequencing, cDNA cloning, monoclonal antibody recognition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2447586
1988 CD1c expression is restricted to a subset of B cells (mantle zone B cells in lymphoid organs and ~50% of peripheral blood/spleen B cells), whereas CD1a and CD1b are not expressed on B or T cells. CD1c expression is upregulated on B cells upon BCR activation and induced de novo on previously CD1c-negative B cells in vitro, while activated T cells remain CD1c-negative. Flow cytometry, in vitro B cell activation, immunofluorescence, ultrastructural analysis Blood High 3260523
1990 CD1c molecules on target cell surfaces can serve as recognition structures for a subset of gamma/delta T cells. Only rare peripheral blood gamma/delta clones (using Vdelta1/J1 rearrangement) interact with targets via a CD1c-dependent recognition pathway, indicating CD1c does not have a broad contribution to the peripheral gamma/delta T cell repertoire. Cytotoxicity assays using 43 cloned and 11 polyclonal gamma/delta T cell lines; blocking with anti-CD1c antibody European journal of immunology Medium 1690662
1996 CD1c functions as an antigen-presenting molecule that restricts mycobacteria-specific T cell responses. CD1c-restricted T cell lines recognize protease-resistant mycobacterial lipid antigens in an MHC-unrestricted, TAP-1/2- and DMA/B-independent manner. A subpopulation of T cells also shows direct cytotoxicity toward CD1c-expressing target cells without mycobacterial antigen, indicating autoreactivity to CD1c itself. T cell line derivation from donor blood, cytotoxicity assays, MHC-blocking, TAP/DM independence testing, clonal analysis Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 8816382
2000 CD1c presents an evolutionarily conserved family of isoprenoid glycolipids including mycobacterial hexosyl-1-phosphoisoprenoids and mannosyl-beta1-phosphodolichols. T cell recognition via CD1c and the T cell antigen receptor was demonstrated for these lipid antigens, with T cell responses observed in M. tuberculosis-infected subjects but not naive controls. CD1c-restricted T cell line recognition assays, mass spectrometry-based lipid identification, ex vivo T cell responses from infected vs. naive subjects Nature High 10786796
2000 CD1c distributes predominantly at the cell surface with minimal intracellular accumulation in human dendritic cells, contrasting with CD1b which accumulates in lysosomal MHC class II compartments. Intracellular CD1c localizes to early and late endosomes, not lysosomes. Deletion of the cytoplasmic tail tyrosine-based internalization motif of CD1c abolishes most intracellular localization. CD1c-mediated antigen presentation is resistant to endosomal acidification inhibitors and is independent of endosomal localization, distinguishing it mechanistically from CD1b. Subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, tail-deletion mutagenesis, pharmacological inhibition of endosomal acidification, T cell functional assays The Journal of experimental medicine High 10899914
2000 CD1c-restricted double-negative (DN) T cells from SLE patients provide help to CD1c+ B cells for IgG production and isotype switching. Anti-CD1c blocking antibodies inhibit DN T cell-induced IgG production, and anti-IL-4 neutralization also inhibits IgG production, correlating with IL-4 production by DN T cells from SLE patients. DN T cells from healthy donors induced only IgM with CD1c+ B cells. T cell-B cell co-culture, antibody blocking (anti-CD1c, anti-IL-4), cytokine measurement (IL-4, IFN-gamma) Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 11046069
2000 GPI-reanchored CD1c (CD1c.DAF) maintains the ability to present mycobacterial antigens to CD1c-restricted T cells as efficiently as native CD1c, whereas GPI-reanchored CD1b is less efficient than native CD1b. This demonstrates that CD1c and CD1b have distinct, non-overlapping antigen-presenting pathways, with CD1c accessing antigen-loading compartments that do not require the cytoplasmic tail-directed trafficking used by CD1b. GPI-reanchored fusion protein engineering, cytotoxicity and cytokine release assays with CD1c-restricted and CD1b-restricted T cell lines, PI-PLC treatment to confirm GPI anchoring Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 10903726
2004 The M. tuberculosis gene pks12 encodes a polyketide synthase responsible for producing CD1c-presented mycoketide antigens (C30-34 branched alkane lipids). Genetic deletion and complementation of pks12 demonstrated it is necessary for antigen production. The lipid moiety distinguishes mycobacterial antigens from mammalian mannosyl-beta1-phosphodolichols and is required for activation of CD1c-restricted T cells. Metabolic radiolabeling, mass spectrometry, genetic deletion and complementation of pks12 in M. tuberculosis, T cell activation assays The Journal of experimental medicine High 15611286
2005 CD1c-restricted, glycolipid-specific T cells accumulate in inflamed thyroid tissue during Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis but were not detected in peripheral blood. Polyclonal thyroid-derived lymphocytes and T cell lines lyse targets in a CD1c-dependent manner. CD1c is expressed on CD83+ dendritic cells and on CD20+ IgD+ mantle zone B cells within thyroid lymphoid follicles. Immunofluorescence of thyroid tissue, ex vivo T cell line derivation, cytotoxicity assays with CD1c-blocking antibodies Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 15749918
2007 CD1c presentation of synthetic mannosyl phosphomycoketide antigens requires both a phosphate group and a beta-linked mannose unit. T cell responses show preference for C30-34 lipid units with methyl branches in the S-configuration, matching the stereospecific output of mycobacterial pks12. Stereorandom branching is insufficient for T cell activation, indicating that CD1c-restricted T cells detect a bacterial-specific polyketide lipid pattern. Synthetic chemistry (stereorandom and stereospecific analogs), T cell activation assays with CD1c-restricted T cell lines Chemistry & biology High 18022562
2009 CD1c can present a lipopeptide antigen (N-acyl glycine dodecamer, lipo-12) to human T cells in a manner dependent on the acyl linkage, peptide length, and sequence. Unlike CD1b-presented antigens that require lysosomal processing, rerouting CD1c to lysosomes by mutating its cytoplasmic tail sequences reduces lipo-12 presentation. This demonstrates that CD1c surveys early endosomal/non-lysosomal pathways and that certain antigens are destroyed in lysosomes. Synthetic lipopeptide T cell activation assays, CD1c tail mutation to redirect trafficking, protease inhibitor treatment, CD1c transfection The Journal of experimental medicine High 19468063
2011 Mass spectrometry analysis of highly purified CD1c protein identified 11 novel self-lipids specifically loaded into CD1c's lipid-binding site, including lipids distinct from those presented by CD1d. The distinct but overlapping lipid populations identified for each CD1 family member imply that CD1c surveys specific endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and/or secretory compartments in addition to endocytic compartments. Affinity purification of CD1c protein, mass spectrometry with rigorous controls for specificity of lipid binding The Journal of biological chemistry High 21900247
2011 CD1c expression and function in human B cells are regulated by activation signals. BCR activation significantly upregulates CD1c expression particularly on marginal zone-like B cells, while CD40L stimulation downregulates CD1c. The CD40L-induced downregulation of CD1c correlates with diminished retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) response gene expression, which is reversed by RARα agonists. BCR-induced CD1c upregulation is RAR-independent. In vitro B cell activation, flow cytometry, RARα agonist treatment, gene expression analysis Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 21451111
2012 CD1c can interact specifically with immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) with higher affinity than CD1d. Upregulation of CD1c expression enhances NKT cell recognition of CD1d, while downregulation reduces CD1d recognition. The proposed mechanism is that CD1c acts as a sink for the inhibitory receptor ILT4, reducing ILT4-mediated inhibition of CD1d. Binding affinity measurements, CD1c overexpression and knockdown, NKT cell co-culture functional assays International immunology Medium 22888216
2012 In rhesus macaques vaccinated with BCG, the major T cell response to glucose monomycolate (GMM), a mycolate-containing glycolipid normally thought to be CD1b-restricted in humans, is restricted by CD1c rather than CD1b. GMM-specific CD1c-restricted T cells produced IFN-γ and TNF-α, and could extravasate to sites of infection where CD1c+ cells accumulated. BCG vaccination of macaques, T cell proliferation assays with CD1b/CD1c blocking antibodies, cytokine analysis, immunohistochemistry of infection sites Infection and immunity Medium 23132493
2013 CD1c-restricted T cells recognize C32 phosphomycoketide (PM) as a CD1c-presented antigen, with antigen binding and presentation requiring the unusual mycobacteria-specific methyl-branched lipid pattern from pks12. Antigen processing by dendritic cells and B cells generates a deglycosylated phosphomycoketide neoepitope — cell-free systems showed recognition only of the deglycosylated form. CD1c tetramers loaded with PM stain T cell receptors directly, providing biophysical evidence for a ternary CD1c-lipid-TCR interaction, and detected polyclonal T cell responses ex vivo in human peripheral blood. CD1c tetramer staining, cell-free antigen presentation systems, T cell activation assays, ex vivo human blood T cell detection The Journal of experimental medicine High 23530121
2013 Human CD1c+ myeloid DCs (mDC1) are the only human DC subset to secrete high amounts of IL-12p70 (requiring combinational TLR stimulation), and they are fully equipped to cross-prime naive CD8+ T cells, inducing the highest levels of cytotoxic molecules due to IL-12 production. CD1c+ DCs required different TLR ligand combinations for cross-presentation compared to BDCA-3+ DCs. Purification of blood DC subsets, TLR stimulation, intracellular cytokine staining, naive CD8+ T cell priming assays, cross-presentation assays Blood High 23794066
2013 CD1c+ blood myeloid DCs respond to E. coli with an immunoregulatory rather than inflammatory phenotype: they produce high IL-10 and regulatory molecules IDO and soluble CD25, but only low TNF, IL-6, and IL-12. E. coli-activated CD1c+ DCs suppress T cell proliferation in an IL-10-dependent manner, distinguishing them functionally from monocyte-derived DCs. Purified blood DC stimulation with E. coli, multiplex cytokine measurement, T cell suppression assays with IL-10 neutralization European journal of immunology Medium 22678905
2013 Lung-tissue-resident CD1c+ DCs, but not CD141+ DCs, drive CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells and promote CD8+ T cell accumulation in lung epithelia. CD1c+ DC induction of CD103 expression is dependent on membrane-bound TGF-β1. Human lung tissue DC isolation, humanized mouse model, in vitro and in vivo CD8+ T cell priming assays, TGF-β1 blocking/neutralization Immunity High 23562160
2013 CD1c+ blood myeloid DCs stimulate a strong IL-12-independent IFN-γ (Th1) response, in contrast to monocyte-derived DCs which induce IL-12-dependent Th1 responses. This was validated in a patient with severely impaired IL-12 production, whose CD1c+ DCs induced normal Th1 responses while his moDC failed. CD1c+ DCs showed minimal upregulation of inflammatory-associated genes compared to moDC. IL-12 neutralization in co-culture assays, patient with IL-12 deficiency as natural experiment, microarray gene expression analysis Journal of leukocyte biology High 25765676
2013 CD1c+ myeloid DCs acquire high retinoic acid-producing capacity (RALDH2 expression and ALDH activity) in response to vitamin D3 in the presence of GM-CSF, via a p38-dependent pathway. RALDH2-high CD1c+ DCs stimulate naive CD4+ T cells to express gut-homing molecules and produce Th2 cytokines in an RA-dependent manner. TLR ligands or TNF abrogate this ALDH activity. RALDH2 mRNA quantification, ALDH activity assays, vitamin D3 stimulation, p38 inhibition, T cell gut-homing assays with RA blockade Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 23966631
2014 CD1c presents a novel class of self-lipids—methyl-lysophosphatidic acids (mLPAs)—that accumulate in leukemia cells. mLPA-specific CD1c-restricted T cells efficiently kill CD1c+ acute leukemia cells in vitro and protect immunodeficient mice against CD1c+ human leukemia cells in vivo. Lipid biochemistry to identify mLPA, T cell recognition assays with CD1c-blocking, in vitro cytotoxicity, xenograft mouse model The Journal of experimental medicine High 24935257
2014 Crystal structure of CD1c with phosphomycoketide (PM) shows the A' pocket accommodates the mycoketide alkyl chain, with the phosphate head-group shifted ~6 Å compared to mannosyl-β1-PM. Six human TCRs show high-to-moderate affinity interactions with CD1c-mycoketide complexes. Mutagenesis of CD1c reveals residues in both α1 and α2 helices involved in TCR recognition, with no single archetypical binding footprint shared among CD1c-reactive TCRs. X-ray crystallography of CD1c-PM complex, surface plasmon resonance (TCR binding affinity), site-directed mutagenesis of CD1c residues, TCR CDR mutagenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25298532
2014 Langerin expression is rapidly induced on CD1c+ DCs by serum or TGF-β via an ALK-3-dependent pathway when DCs are isolated from blood and cultured. Langerin is not expressed on freshly isolated CD1c+ blood DCs but appears on CD1c+ DCs in tissues, indicating tissue microenvironment drives this phenotypic differentiation. Flow cytometry of tissue and blood DC subsets, TGF-β stimulation, ALK-3 inhibition, stem cell transplantation models Journal of leukocyte biology Medium 25516751
2014 CD1c+ DCs can differentiate into Langerhans cell-like cells with high langerin expression, Birbeck granules, EpCAM, and E-cadherin when cultured with GM-CSF, TGF-β, and BMP7, making them far more LC-like than monocytes under the same conditions. In vitro differentiation assay with defined cytokine combinations, flow cytometry, electron microscopy for Birbeck granules Blood Medium 25352125
2016 CD1c tetramers loaded with phosphomycoketide bind Vδ1+ γδ TCRs with biophysical evidence for a direct CD1c–γδ TCR interaction. Mutational analysis demonstrates a role of the Vδ1 domain during recognition. CD1c-reactive γδ TCRs also bind CD1c complexes with diverse lipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, sulfatide, mannosyl-phosphomycoketide) but not lipopeptide ligands, revealing permissive and non-permissive lipid determinants. CD1c tetramer staining with Vδ subtype selection, TCR binding assays, Vδ1 domain mutagenesis Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 26755823
2016 Crystal structure of CD1c at 2.4 Å reveals an extended ligand binding groove and a substantially different conformation from previously known CD1c structures. Computational simulations predict cholesteryl esters (CE) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) as CD1c ligands. Binding of CE and ASG to CD1c enables binding of human CD1c self-reactive T cell receptors, demonstrating that lipid occupancy stabilizes specific CD1c conformations that provide a footprint for autoreactive TCR binding. X-ray crystallography (2.4 Å), molecular dynamics simulations, lipid-loading assays, T cell receptor binding experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 26884207
2018 Human T cells frequently stain with CD1c tetramers carrying diverse self lipids, with TCRs showing extreme polyspecificity — autoreactivity occurs with CD1c loaded with numerous, chemically diverse self lipids. Crystal structure shows the TCR binds over the closed portal surface of CD1c where lipids normally protrude, with the TCR failing to contact lipids because they are fully sequestered within CD1c. Small lipid size is identified as a determinant of autoreactive T cell responses. CD1c tetramer staining with diverse lipids, X-ray crystallography of TCR-CD1c complex, mutational analysis Nature immunology High 29531339
2016 MiR-381-3p binds the 3'-UTR of the CD1c gene and suppresses CD1c mRNA expression in M. tuberculosis-infected dendritic cells. Inhibition of miR-381-3p in BCG-infected DCs reverses suppression of CD1c expression and promotes T cell responses against BCG. IL-10 upregulates miR-381-3p as part of an immunosuppressive circuit. Luciferase 3'-UTR reporter assay (bioinformatic prediction + validation), miR-381-3p inhibitor in BCG-infected DCs, T cell co-culture assays, in vivo miR-381-3p expression in TB patient DCs Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 27296666
2003 iC3b inhibits differentiation of CD11b+ monocytes into CD1c-expressing dendritic cell precursors. This inhibition is mediated through CD11b (the iC3b receptor) as an anti-CD11b blocking antibody reverses the effect. iC3b also inhibits IL-12p70 production and CD80/CD40 expression, causing a temporary arrest of DC differentiation. GM-CSF-induced monocyte differentiation in vitro, iC3b treatment, anti-CD11b blocking antibody, keratome biopsy-derived dermal cell analysis The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 12713585
2021 Crystallographic studies of CD1c complexes with three hydrolysis-resistant MPM analogs (including difluoromethylene-modified MPM-3) show anchoring of the lipid tail and phosphate group highly comparable to native MPM, but with considerable conformational flexibility for the mannose head group. MPM-3, resistant to hydrolysis, shows altered recognition by T cells but not by CD1c proteins, supporting the cellular antigen processing hypothesis that glycolipid hydrolysis occurs during presentation. Synthetic chemistry, X-ray crystallography of CD1c-analog complexes, T cell activation assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 34536421
2017 Human CD1c+ DCs produce IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 in response to combined TLR stimulation and are capable of promoting both Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22) effector function in memory CD4+ T cells. Purified blood CD1c+ DC TLR stimulation (R848+LPS or poly I:C), multiplex cytokine measurement, memory CD4+ T cell co-culture with cytokine readout Frontiers in immunology Medium 28878767
2018 CLEC10A (CD301) is identified as a specific endocytic receptor on human CD1c+ DCs. CLEC10A rapidly internalizes upon monoclonal antibody binding. A bivalent CLEC10A-specific ligand (MUC-1 peptide glycosylated with N-acetylgalactosamine) enhances cytokine secretion (TNFα, IL-8, IL-10) induced by TLR 7/8 stimulation specifically in CD1c+ DCs. Transcriptomic analysis, flow cytometry across tissues, antibody internalization assay, bivalent ligand stimulation with cytokine measurement Frontiers in immunology Medium 29755453
2013 Inhibition of p38-MK2 signaling in circulating CD1c+ myeloid DCs markedly increases IL-12 secretion, which is opposite to its effect in monocyte-derived DCs where p38 inhibition ablates IL-12. In both DC types, p38 inhibition suppresses IL-10. This differential regulation was confirmed at the transcriptional level and does not involve differential Rsk kinase phosphorylation. p38 inhibitors (BIRB0796, SB203580) applied to purified circulating myDC and moDC, cytokine measurement, transcriptional analysis, MAPK pathway interrogation International journal of cancer Medium 23901045
2015 CD1c+ DCs are recruited and retained in the renal tubulointerstitium via a fractalkine-CX3CR1-dependent mechanism. CD1c+ DCs are identified as the predominant source of profibrotic TGF-β in the renal DC compartment and the highest expressors of CX3CR1. Interferon-γ and TNF-α-activated PTECs upregulate fractalkine, which mediates chemotaxis and adhesion of CD1c+ DCs. Immunohistochemistry of kidney biopsies, chemotaxis assays with fractalkine blocking, adhesion assays to activated PTECs, cytokine-induced PTEC fractalkine expression Kidney international Medium 25587706
2022 Hypoxic human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) undergo ferroptosis and activate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in CD1c+ DCs, leading to IL-1β and IL-18 production. Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 reduces PTEC death; VX-765 (caspase-1/4 inhibitor) and MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) attenuate IL-1β/IL-18 in CD1c+ DC-PTEC co-cultures. In situ, CD1c+ DCs with active inflammasome (ASC) specks colocalize with ferroptotic PTECs in fibrotic kidney tissue. In vitro hypoxia model, ferroptosis inhibitor, NLRP3 and caspase-1/4 inhibitors in co-cultures, cytokine measurement, immunolabeling of human fibrotic kidney tissue Cell death & disease Medium 36030251
2013 CD1c expression on antigen-presenting cells synergistically enhances alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-dependent activation of human iNKT cells by CD1d, beyond presenting α-GalCer as a weak agonist itself. Primary human B cells expressing CD1c induced stronger iNKT cell responses to α-GalCer than the CD1c-negative subset, and anti-CD1c antibody inhibited iNKT cell cytokine secretion. α-GalCer stimulation of iNKT cells with CD1c+ and CD1c- APCs, anti-CD1c blocking antibody, primary B cell subset comparison Cancer immunity Medium 23885215

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 CD1c-mediated T-cell recognition of isoprenoid glycolipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nature 342 10786796
2020 Transcriptional and Functional Analysis of CD1c+ Human Dendritic Cells Identifies a CD163+ Subset Priming CD8+CD103+ T Cells. Immunity 291 32610077
2013 Human CD1c+ dendritic cells secrete high levels of IL-12 and potently prime cytotoxic T-cell responses. Blood 278 23794066
2007 Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets. Blood 172 17332250
2015 Circulating precursors of human CD1c+ and CD141+ dendritic cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 170 25687281
1996 CD1c restricts responses of mycobacteria-specific T cells. Evidence for antigen presentation by a second member of the human CD1 family. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 170 8816382
2020 COVID-19 severity associates with pulmonary redistribution of CD1c+ DCs and inflammatory transitional and nonclassical monocytes. The Journal of clinical investigation 151 32784290
2014 Residual endotoxin contaminations in recombinant proteins are sufficient to activate human CD1c+ dendritic cells. PloS one 147 25478795
2013 Human CD1c+ dendritic cells drive the differentiation of CD103+ CD8+ mucosal effector T cells via the cytokine TGF-β. Immunity 147 23562160
2004 Mycobacterium tuberculosis pks12 produces a novel polyketide presented by CD1c to T cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 144 15611286
1987 Structure and expression of the human thymocyte antigens CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 136 2447586
2019 Mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces FLT3L and CD1c+ dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Nature communications 134 31175312
1990 CD1c as a target recognition structure for human T lymphocytes: analysis with peripheral blood gamma/delta cells. European journal of immunology 127 1690662
2016 Human dendritic cells (DCs) are derived from distinct circulating precursors that are precommitted to become CD1c+ or CD141+ DCs. The Journal of experimental medicine 110 27864467
2018 CLEC10A Is a Specific Marker for Human CD1c+ Dendritic Cells and Enhances Their Toll-Like Receptor 7/8-Induced Cytokine Secretion. Frontiers in immunology 108 29755453
2014 Langerin-expressing dendritic cells in human tissues are related to CD1c+ dendritic cells and distinct from Langerhans cells and CD141high XCR1+ dendritic cells. Journal of leukocyte biology 103 25516751
2000 Human double-negative T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus provide help for IgG and are restricted by CD1c. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 103 11046069
2013 CD1c tetramers detect ex vivo T cell responses to processed phosphomycoketide antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine 90 23530121
2016 Molecular Analysis of Lipid-Reactive Vδ1 γδ T Cells Identified by CD1c Tetramers. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 85 26755823
2014 FLT3-ligand treatment of humanized mice results in the generation of large numbers of CD141+ and CD1c+ dendritic cells in vivo. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 85 24453245
2014 A novel self-lipid antigen targets human T cells against CD1c(+) leukemias. The Journal of experimental medicine 83 24935257
2013 Intra-articular CD1c-expressing myeloid dendritic cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients express a unique set of T cell-attracting chemokines and spontaneously induce Th1, Th17 and Th2 cell activity. Arthritis research & therapy 82 24286358
2016 Human CD1c(+) DCs are critical cellular mediators of immune responses induced by immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology 80 27622063
2017 Human Blood CD1c+ Dendritic Cells Promote Th1 and Th17 Effector Function in Memory CD4+ T Cells. Frontiers in immunology 78 28878767
2000 Human CD1b and CD1c isoforms survey different intracellular compartments for the presentation of microbial lipid antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine 76 10899914
2012 Human CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myeloid dendritic cells secrete IL-10 and display an immuno-regulatory phenotype and function in response to Escherichia coli. European journal of immunology 74 22678905
2014 CD1c+ blood dendritic cells have Langerhans cell potential. Blood 68 25352125
1988 CD1c but neither CD1a nor CD1b molecules are expressed on normal, activated, and malignant human B cells: identification of a new B-cell subset. Blood 66 3260523
2020 Subsets of CD1c+ DCs: Dendritic Cell Versus Monocyte Lineage. Frontiers in immunology 62 33101275
2014 Molecular basis of mycobacterial lipid antigen presentation by CD1c and its recognition by αβ T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 25298532
2018 T cell autoreactivity directed toward CD1c itself rather than toward carried self lipids. Nature immunology 59 29531339
2013 Increased tubulointerstitial recruitment of human CD141(hi) CLEC9A(+) and CD1c(+) myeloid dendritic cell subsets in renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 59 24049150
2011 CD1d and CD1c expression in human B cells is regulated by activation and retinoic acid receptor signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 56 21451111
2010 Human langerhans cells are more efficient than CD14(-)CD1c(+) dermal dendritic cells at priming naive CD4(+) T cells. The Journal of investigative dermatology 54 20107482
2014 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a novel proinflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis that potently activates CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells to attract and stimulate T cells. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 48 24782181
2009 CD1c bypasses lysosomes to present a lipopeptide antigen with 12 amino acids. The Journal of experimental medicine 48 19468063
2007 CD1c presentation of synthetic glycolipid antigens with foreign alkyl branching motifs. Chemistry & biology 48 18022562
2005 CD1a and CD1c activate intrathyroidal T cells during Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 47 15749918
2016 Cholesteryl esters stabilize human CD1c conformations for recognition by self-reactive T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 46 26884207
2016 IL-10 promotes homeostatic proliferation of human CD8(+) memory T cells and, when produced by CD1c(+) DCs, shapes naive CD8(+) T-cell priming. European journal of immunology 46 27129615
2015 Fractalkine-CX3CR1-dependent recruitment and retention of human CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells by in vitro-activated proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney international 46 25587706
2017 Human CD141+ Dendritic Cell and CD1c+ Dendritic Cell Undergo Concordant Early Genetic Programming after Activation in Humanized Mice In Vivo. Frontiers in immunology 44 29163495
2022 Hypoxic human proximal tubular epithelial cells undergo ferroptosis and elicit an NLRP3 inflammasome response in CD1c+ dendritic cells. Cell death & disease 40 36030251
2013 CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in immunity against mycobacteria. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 37 23468110
2011 Identification of self-lipids presented by CD1c and CD1d proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 21900247
2018 Activation of human CD141+ and CD1c+ dendritic cells in vivo with combined TLR3 and TLR7/8 ligation. Immunology and cell biology 35 29344995
2008 CD1c+ and CD303+ dendritic cells in peripheral blood, lymph nodes and tumor tissue of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology reports 35 18097601
2014 Tolerogenic signaling by pulmonary CD1c+ dendritic cells induces regulatory T cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by IL-27/IL-10/inducible costimulator ligand. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 34 25051954
2008 Effect of SIVmac infection on plasmacytoid and CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells in cynomolgus macaques. Immunology 34 18217951
2007 Inhaled allergen-driven CD1c up-regulation and enhanced antigen uptake by activated human respiratory-tract dendritic cells in atopic asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 33 17210044
2015 Plasmodium falciparum Infection of Human Volunteers Activates Monocytes and CD16+ Dendritic Cells and Induces Upregulation of CD16 and CD1c Expression. Infection and immunity 32 26169270
1988 CD1c antigens are present in normal and neoplastic B-cells. The Journal of pathology 31 3264333
2022 Intratumoral administration of CD1c (BDCA-1)+ and CD141 (BDCA-3)+ myeloid dendritic cells in combination with talimogene laherparepvec in immune checkpoint blockade refractory advanced melanoma patients: a phase I clinical trial. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 30 36113895
2009 Human gammadelta T cell recognition of lipid A is predominately presented by CD1b or CD1c on dendritic cells. Biology direct 30 19948070
2019 Impaired circulating myeloid CD1c+ dendritic cell function in human glioblastoma is restored by p38 inhibition - implications for the next generation of DC vaccines. Oncoimmunology 29 31143512
2017 Lipopolysaccharide-Elicited TSLPR Expression Enriches a Functionally Discrete Subset of Human CD14+ CD1c+ Monocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 29 28341671
2016 CD1c-Expression by Monocytes - Implications for the Use of Commercial CD1c+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kits. PloS one 29 27311059
1995 Distinctive dendritic cell subsets expressing factor XIIIa, CD1a, CD1b and CD1c in mycosis fungoides and psoriasis. Journal of cutaneous pathology 29 7593815
2017 Early Immune Regulatory Changes in a Primary Controlled Human Plasmodium vivax Infection: CD1c+ Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation Arrest, Induction of the Kynurenine Pathway, and Regulatory T Cell Activation. Infection and immunity 28 28320838
2013 Human CD1c⁺ myeloid dendritic cells acquire a high level of retinoic acid-producing capacity in response to vitamin D₃. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 23966631
2012 Major T cell response to a mycolyl glycolipid is mediated by CD1c molecules in rhesus macaques. Infection and immunity 28 23132493
2003 CD1a and CD1c cell sorting yields a homogeneous population of immature human Langerhans cells. Journal of immunological methods 28 12969546
2021 Functionally Mature CD1c+ Dendritic Cells Preferentially Accumulate in the Inflammatory Arthritis Synovium. Frontiers in immunology 27 34691053
2020 Circulating CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells are potential precursors to LCH lesion CD1a+CD207+ cells. Blood advances 26 31899802
2018 Gastric cancer patients have elevated plasmacytoid and CD1c+ dendritic cells in the peripheral blood. Oncology letters 26 29552142
2016 CD1c-Related DCs that Express CD207/Langerin, but Are Distinguishable from Langerhans Cells, Are Consistently Present in Human Tonsils. Frontiers in immunology 26 27252701
2003 iC3b arrests monocytic cell differentiation into CD1c-expressing dendritic cell precursors: a mechanism for transiently decreased dendritic cells in vivo after human skin injury by ultraviolet B. The Journal of investigative dermatology 26 12713585
2021 Immunological responses to adjuvant vaccination with combined CD1c+ myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in stage III melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 25 36524210
2017 A Subset of Human Autoreactive CD1c-Restricted T Cells Preferentially Expresses TRBV4-1+ TCRs. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 25 29237773
2016 Profoundly Reduced CD1c+ Myeloid Dendritic Cell HLA-DR and CD86 Expression and Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor Production in Experimental Human Blood-Stage Malaria Infection. Infection and immunity 23 26902728
2016 IL-32 induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase+CD1c+ dendritic cells and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase+CD163+ macrophages: Relevance to mycosis fungoides progression. Oncoimmunology 23 28344860
2016 MiR-381-3p Regulates the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Dendritic Cells and Represses Antituberculosis Cellular Immune Responses by Targeting CD1c. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 22 27296666
2019 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Modulate the Development of Human CD1c+ Conventional Dendritic Cell Subsets Mediated by CD103 and CD205. Frontiers in immunology 21 31921114
2014 Toxoplasma gondii infection of decidual CD1c(+) dendritic cells enhances cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer cells. Inflammation 21 24573986
2015 Human blood CD1c dendritic cells stimulate IL-12-independent IFN-γ responses and have a strikingly low inflammatory profile. Journal of leukocyte biology 19 25765676
2012 Diverse antigen presentation by the Group 1 CD1 molecule, CD1c. Molecular immunology 19 23127489
2012 Mycoketide: a CD1c-presented antigen with important implications in mycobacterial infection. Clinical & developmental immunology 18 22536277
2012 A novel role of CD1c in regulating CD1d-mediated NKT cell recognition by competitive binding to Ig-like transcript 4. International immunology 18 22888216
2018 A subset of CD1c+ dendritic cells is increased in patients with tuberculosis and promotes Th17 cell polarization. Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 17 30514502
2013 Novel function for the p38-MK2 signaling pathway in circulating CD1c+ (BDCA-1+) myeloid dendritic cells from healthy donors and advanced cancer patients; inhibition of p38 enhances IL-12 whilst suppressing IL-10. International journal of cancer 17 23901045
1993 B and T lymphocyte subsets in fetal and cord blood: age-related modulation of CD1c expression. Biology of the neonate 17 7680236
2015 The efficacy of abatacept in reducing synovial T cell activation by CD1c myeloid dendritic cells is overruled by the stimulatory effects of T cell-activating cytokines. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 15 25469671
2022 NLRC4-mediated activation of CD1c+ DC contributes to perpetuation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. JCI insight 14 36194479
2019 Natural Immunity to HIV is associated with Low BLyS/BAFF levels and low frequencies of innate marginal zone like CD1c+ B-cells in the genital tract. PLoS pathogens 14 31173604
2004 CD1c(+) immature myeloid dendritic cells are predominant in cord blood of healthy neonates. Immunology letters 14 14757372
2017 A pilot study of peripheral blood BDCA-1 (CD1c) positive dendritic cells pulsed with NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant. Immunotherapy 13 28183192
2016 Targeting CD1c-expressing classical dendritic cells to prevent thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)-mediated T-cell chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 13 27250804
2015 CD1c(+) myeloid dendritic cells in myeloid neoplasia. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 13 26502918
1991 Distinct morphophenotypic features of chronic B-cell leukaemias identified with CD1c and CD23 antibodies. European journal of haematology 13 1714406
2024 Ex vivo-generated human CD1c+ regulatory B cells by a chemically defined system suppress immune responses and alleviate graft-versus-host disease. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 11 39489917
2021 Rational design of a hydrolysis-resistant mycobacterial phosphoglycolipid antigen presented by CD1c to T cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 11 34536421
2013 Expression of CD1c enhances human invariant NKT cell activation by α-GalCer. Cancer immunity 11 23885215
1989 Diagnostic differentiation of chronic B-cell malignancies using monoclonal antibody L161 (CD1c). British journal of haematology 11 2783856
2023 Saponin-based adjuvants enhance antigen cross-presentation in human CD11c+ CD1c+ CD5- CD163+ conventional type 2 dendritic cells. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 10 37612044
2022 Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4A Signaling as a Key Disease Pathway of CD1c+ Dendritic Cell Dysregulation in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 10 36482877
2021 Human T cells engineered with a leukemia lipid-specific TCR enables donor-unrestricted recognition of CD1c-expressing leukemia. Nature communications 10 34381053
2013 Effects of HIV-1-induced CD1c and CD1d modulation and endogenous lipid presentation on CD1c-restricted T-cell activation. BMC immunology 10 23347583
2000 Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol reanchoring unmasks distinct antigen-presenting pathways for CD1b and CD1c. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 10 10903726
2024 A randomized phase II clinical trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and systemic pembrolizumab with or without intratumoral avelumab/ipilimumab plus CD1c (BDCA-1)+/CD141 (BDCA-3)+ myeloid dendritic cells in solid tumors. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 9 38954010
2016 Elevated CD1c+ Myeloid Dendritic Cell Proportions Associate With Clinical Activity and Predict Disease Reactivation in Noninfectious Uveitis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 8 27070110

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