| 2002 |
Nna1 (AGTPBP1) was identified as the gene mutated in the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse, encoding a putative nuclear protein with a zinc carboxypeptidase domain; loss-of-function of Nna1 causes degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, retinal photoreceptors, olfactory bulb mitral neurons, selected thalamic neurons, and defective spermatogenesis. |
Genetic mapping and sequencing of pcd alleles; identification of mutations in Nna1 in original pcd, pcd2J, and pcd3J alleles |
Science |
High |
11884758
|
| 2000 |
Nna1 encodes a zinc carboxypeptidase with nuclear localization signals and an ATP/GTP binding motif; GFP-Nna1 fusion protein localizes to both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in cultured neurons. |
GFP-fusion protein transfection and live-cell imaging in cultured neurons; bioinformatic domain analysis |
Molecular and cellular neurosciences |
Medium |
11083920
|
| 2006 |
The carboxypeptidase substrate-binding site of Nna1 is functionally essential for Purkinje cell survival; a substrate-binding site mutant of Nna1 failed to rescue ataxic behavior and Purkinje cell loss in pcd(3J) mice, whereas wild-type Nna1 did rescue. |
Transgenic rescue in pcd mice using L7/pcp2 promoter-driven wild-type vs. substrate-binding site mutant Nna1; behavioral and histological analysis |
Molecular and cellular neurosciences |
High |
16952463
|
| 2006 |
The pcd5J allele results from a single aspartic acid insertion at position 775 of Nna1, which does not affect mRNA expression but dramatically destabilizes the Nna1 protein, as shown by pulse-chase experiments. |
Sequencing of Nna1 in pcd5J mice; pulse-chase protein stability assay |
Mammalian genome |
High |
16465590
|
| 2007 |
Nna1-like proteins constitute a new M14 subfamily (M14D) of metallocarboxypeptidases with an unusually open active site; a C. elegans ortholog was shown to be a fully functional metallocarboxypeptidase cleaving C-terminal amino acids from synthetic peptides, with activity activated by ATP/ADP and preferentially inhibited by Z-Glu-Tyr, resembling tubulin carboxypeptidase activity. |
Recombinant protein expression and in vitro enzymatic assay with synthetic peptide substrates; phylogenetic and conformational modeling |
FASEB journal |
High |
17244817
|
| 2008 |
The zinc-binding domain of Nna1 is required to prevent retinal photoreceptor loss and Purkinje cell degeneration; a BAC transgene containing wild-type Nna1 rescues these phenotypes in pcd(5J) mice, but mutation of the zinc-binding domain abolishes rescue. |
BAC transgenic rescue in pcd(5J) mice with wild-type vs. zinc-binding domain mutant Nna1; histological analysis of retina and cerebellum |
Vision research |
High |
18602413
|
| 2010 |
CCP1/Nna1 (AGTPBP1) functions in protein turnover by degrading proteasome-generated peptides into amino acids; pcd mice lacking functional CCP1/Nna1 accumulate hundreds of intracellular peptides from cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, while proteasome activity is normal, indicating a specific downstream peptide-degradation deficit. |
Quantitative proteomics and peptidomics comparing pcd mutant vs. wild-type mouse brain regions; 2D gel electrophoresis; proteasome activity assay; autophagy markers |
FASEB journal |
High |
20061535
|
| 2010 |
Loss of CCP1/Nna1 causes elevated autophagy in both degenerating and non-degenerating brain regions of pcd mice, proposed to result from decreased cellular amino acid levels due to failure to degrade proteasome-generated peptides. |
Autophagy marker analysis in pcd mouse brain regions |
Autophagy |
Medium |
20484972
|
| 2010 |
Mutant Nna1 leads to abnormal Purkinje cell dendrite development through increased intranuclear localization of lysyl oxidase propeptide, which interferes with NF-κB RelA signaling and microtubule-associated protein regulation of microtubule stability. |
Single-cell gene profiling of pcd(Sid) mouse Purkinje cells; virus-based gene transfer rescue; pathway analysis of NF-κB RelA signaling and MAP-microtubule stability |
Neuron |
Medium |
20920790
|
| 2010 |
AGTPBP1 is expressed in spermatogenic cells between late-stage primary spermatocytes and round spermatids; loss of Agtpbp1 in pcd(3J) mice causes apoptosis of differentiating germ cells beginning at the pachytene spermatocyte stage, with altered expression of cyclin B3 and deubiquitinating enzymes USP2 and USP9y. |
Immunohistochemistry with anti-AGTPBP1 antibody in testes; global gene expression analysis of pcd(3J) testes; histological and apoptosis analysis |
Molecules and cells |
Medium |
21110128
|
| 2012 |
Recombinant Nna1 is a monomeric metallocarboxypeptidase that removes glutamate from tubulin and preferentially cleaves substrates with 2 or more C-terminal glutamate residues (Vmax for 3 glutamates ~7-fold higher than 2 glutamates); catalytic mutants D1007E, R1078E, and E1094A are inactive; ATP/GTP binding is not required for catalysis or neuronal survival in vivo. |
Purified recombinant Nna1 enzymatic assay with synthetic substrates and tubulin; active-site mutagenesis; transgenic rescue in pcd mice |
FASEB journal |
High |
22835831
|
| 2012 |
A missense mutation c.2909G>C (p.Arg970Pro) in the AGTPBP1 gene, affecting a conserved residue for catalytic activity, causes autosomal recessive lower motor neuron disease in Romney sheep, establishing that AGTPBP1 loss-of-function causes motor neuron disease in a large mammal. |
Genome-wide homozygosity mapping; sequencing of candidate gene AGTPBP1; genotyping in affected, carrier, and normal sheep |
Heredity |
Medium |
22588130
|
| 2018 |
Conditional knockout of the carboxypeptidase domain of Nna1 in mice produces Purkinje cell degeneration with cerebellar ataxia and results in increased polyglutamylated tubulin in the cerebellum, confirming that Nna1 acts as a de-glutamatase on the C-terminus of α- and β-tubulin; ER stress marker CHOP is upregulated in mutant Purkinje cells. |
Conditional Cre-loxP knockout of exons encoding carboxypeptidase domain; western blot for polyglutamylated tubulin; ER stress markers; histology |
Journal of neurochemistry |
High |
30225910
|
| 2020 |
Loss of Nna1 deglutamylase activity leads to hyperglutamylated microtubules and dimeric tubulins accumulating in Purkinje neurons; treatment with a microtubule depolymerizer corrects the glutamylation/deglutamylation ratio and increases Purkinje neuron survival; pcd Purkinje neurons also display ER stress, unfolded protein response, and protein synthesis inhibition preceding death by apoptosis/necroptosis. |
Laser capture microdissection of single Purkinje neurons; mRNA and protein analysis; pharmacological treatment with microtubule depolymerizer; ER stress marker analysis |
JCI insight |
High |
33004692
|
| 2015 |
agtpbp1 is essential for T lymphocyte development in zebrafish; homozygous agtpbp1 mutants and morpholino knockdown embryos show impaired T cell development at 6 days of age. |
Gene-breaking transposon mutagenesis; flow cytometry of immune cells; morpholino knockdown confirmation |
PloS one |
Medium |
26161877
|
| 2022 |
The N-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) of Nna1 is involved in hippocampal function; exon 3 (N-terminal NLS) knockout mice that still express a truncated Nna1 protein do not develop the pcd phenotype but show reduced GluA2 AMPA receptor and kinesin-1 in the hippocampal synaptosomal fraction, along with impaired context- and cue-dependent learning and altered anxiety. |
Conditional exon 3 knockout mouse; behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, light/dark box, fear conditioning); synaptosomal fractionation and western blot for GluA2 and kinesin-1 |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Medium |
36361749
|
| 2023 |
AGTPBP1 is localized to the manchette structure in murine spermatids, and its loss (null mice) causes sperm head and tail defects associated with abnormal polyglutamylated tubulin accumulation and decreased Δ-2 tubulin; in humans, AGTPBP1 missense mutations produce teratozoospermia with sperm head and flagella defects and fragmented/abnormal AGTPBP1 localization in the neck and annulus regions. |
Immunolocalization in mouse testes; analysis of Agtpbp1-null mouse sperm morphology; western blot for polyglutamylated and Δ-2 tubulin; whole-exome sequencing in human patients |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Medium |
37937809
|
| 2025 |
AGTPBP1 knockout leads to excessive neurite outgrowth, increased CRMP2 expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and a hyperdopaminergic state in differentiated neurons in vitro; in zebrafish, AGTPBP1 knockdown causes reduced brain volume and impaired motor function; lacosamide (a CRMP2 modulator) rescues these defects. |
AGTPBP1 KO cell model; zebrafish knockdown; neurite outgrowth measurement; CRMP2 western blot; mitochondrial function assay; dopamine level measurement; pharmacological rescue with lacosamide |
Molecular neurobiology |
Medium |
40347376
|
| 2025 |
The R791H knock-in mutation in Agtpbp1 (equivalent to human R811H) causes sperm head and tail defects with abnormal accumulation of polyglutamylated tubulin in the sperm head, confirming that the carboxypeptidase activity of AGTPBP1 is required for proper sperm morphology. |
CRISPR knock-in mouse model; sperm morphological analysis; immunofluorescence for polyglutamylated tubulin |
Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics |
Medium |
41160201
|
| 2025 |
Nna1 overexpression in Müller cells suppresses microtubule hyper-glutamylation, reducing autophagy and apoptosis in vitro and ameliorating diabetic retinopathy progression in vivo. |
In vivo knockdown and overexpression of Nna1 in diabetic mouse retina; in vitro Müller cell experiments; measurement of autophagy and apoptosis markers; polyglutamylation assay |
Advanced science |
Medium |
41190783
|
| 2026 |
AGTPBP1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration through activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway (increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation) and upregulation of MYLK at the transcriptional level; ERK signaling controls MYLK activity post-translationally without affecting MYLK expression. |
Gain-of-function and siRNA knockdown in PANC-1/AsPC-1 cells; ERK inhibitor (PD98059) rescue experiments; western blot; RNA-seq; IHC |
Tissue & cell |
Low |
41930881
|
| 2026 |
AGTPBP1 promotes breast cancer progression by repressing envoplakin (EVPL) expression, leading to ERK1/2 activation; rescue experiments confirmed that EVPL overexpression attenuates AGTPBP1-induced malignant phenotypes and ERK activation. |
Stable overexpression and knockdown in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells; RNA-sequencing; rescue experiments with EVPL overexpression; western blot for ERK phosphorylation |
Experimental cell research |
Low |
41905574
|