Affinage

CAV3

Caveolin-3 · UniProt P56539

Length
151 aa
Mass
17.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Caveolin-3 (CAV3, originally VIP21-caveolin) is a muscle-enriched integral membrane protein that serves as the principal structural component driving the de novo biogenesis of plasma membrane caveolae (PMID:1360410, PMID:7567992). It binds cholesterol directly and reconstitutes into membranes only in cholesterol-containing lipid mixtures, and cholesterol binding promotes its assembly into high-molecular-mass homo-oligomers of ~200, 400, and 600 kDa (PMID:7479780, PMID:7579702). These oligomers form early in the ER, where the hydrophobic domain adopts a hairpin loop exposing both N- and C-terminal regions to the cytoplasm; protein domains are the primary determinants of oligomerization, while palmitoylation of cysteine residues stabilizes but is not required for oligomer formation (PMID:7579702, PMID:8690074). De novo expression of caveolin-3 in cells lacking caveolae is sufficient to generate morphologically normal caveolae and to recruit GPI-anchored proteins into glycosphingolipid microdomains, organizing apical membrane sorting (PMID:8306971, PMID:7567992); caveolin is found in direct proximity to ganglioside GM1 at the caveolar membrane (PMID:7498456). At caveolae, caveolin-3 scaffolds ion channel signaling complexes: it physically associates with Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels via its N-terminus, suppressing their current density and gating PKA-dependent regulation of T-type current in cardiomyocytes (PMID:21084288), and it binds the inward rectifier channel Kir2.1, where long-QT-associated mutations (F97C, T78M, P104L) reduce Kir2.1 surface expression and current density without altering channel gating (PMID:23640888). CAV3 mutations cause partial-to-severe caveolin-3 deficiency with caveolar disorganization in skeletal muscle, producing hyperCKemia, with effects in myocardium being milder owing to a distinct tissue-specific interaction network (PMID:10746614, PMID:14663034).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1992 Medium

    Establishing the molecular identity of the protein: cloning revealed VIP21/caveolin as an integral membrane protein of trans-Golgi-derived vesicles enriched in muscle, framing it as part of the vesicular transport machinery.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, detergent fractionation of Golgi vesicles, immunolocalization, and Northern blotting

    PMID:1360410 PMID:1512286

    Open questions at the time
    • Function beyond localization not yet defined
    • No structural or oligomeric mechanism established
  2. 1994 High

    Linking caveolin to membrane organization: it localizes to caveolae and the trans-Golgi network, forms high-molecular-mass oligomers, and is required to cluster GPI-anchored proteins with glycosphingolipids for apical sorting.

    Evidence Immunolocalization, biochemical fractionation, and loss-of-function comparison in caveolin-negative FRT cells with sorting assays

    PMID:8206165 PMID:8306971

    Open questions at the time
    • Lipid-binding basis of oligomerization not yet shown
    • Sufficiency for caveola formation not demonstrated
  3. 1995 High

    Defining the biochemical mechanism of assembly: caveolin binds cholesterol directly, cholesterol drives oligomerization, oligomers form in the ER via a hairpin topology, and de novo expression is sufficient to create caveolae and recruit GPI-anchored proteins.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of purified protein into liposomes, cholesterol-binding quantitation, pulse-chase, native complex purification, and gain-of-function expression in lymphocytes with EM

    PMID:7479780 PMID:7498456 PMID:7567992 PMID:7579702

    Open questions at the time
    • Role of acylation versus protein domains unresolved
    • In vivo muscle function not addressed
  4. 1996 High

    Resolving the determinants of oligomerization: fatty acyl-CoA and oxysterols can substitute for cytosol to induce oligomers, and palmitoylation stabilizes but is not required, establishing protein domains as the primary drivers.

    Evidence In vitro synthesis/membrane insertion with lipid substitution, cysteine-to-alanine mutagenesis, and SDS-PAGE with/without boiling

    PMID:8690074

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological lipid trigger in vivo unknown
    • Link to disease mutations not made
  5. 1999 Medium

    Showing caveolae are dynamic: caveolin cycles between plasma membrane caveolae and endocytic compartments, and ligand stimulus redistributes it intracellularly.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation of rat liver, EM, and tracking of caveolin redistribution after retinol-binding protein administration

    PMID:10347129

    Open questions at the time
    • Performed largely on caveolin-1/hepatocyte context
    • Trafficking machinery not identified
  6. 2003 Medium

    Connecting CAV3 mutations to disease and tissue specificity: deficiency-causing mutations disorganize caveolae and cause hyperCKemia in skeletal muscle but spare myocardium, revealing distinct tissue interaction networks.

    Evidence CAV3 sequencing, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and EM of patient muscle and heart biopsies

    PMID:10746614 PMID:14663034

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cardiac sparing not defined
    • Limited to small patient cohorts
  7. 2013 High

    Defining caveolin-3 as an ion-channel scaffold: it physically associates with Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels and Kir2.1, regulating their current density and surface expression, and LQT9 mutations act by reducing Kir2.1 trafficking rather than gating.

    Evidence Immunogold EM, co-IP, GST pulldown, FRET, surface-expression assays, and patch clamp in native myocytes and HEK293 cells

    PMID:21084288 PMID:23640888

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of channel binding not resolved
    • In vivo arrhythmia mechanism not directly tested
  8. 2023 Medium

    Identifying an upstream regulator of caveolin-3 stability: ANKRD1 reduces caveolin-3 ubiquitination to increase its protein level, and its osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin effects depend on CAV3.

    Evidence Lentiviral ANKRD1 manipulation, ubiquitination assays, Wnt reporter assays, CAV3 knockdown, and micro-CT in ovariectomized mice

    PMID:36958710

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ANKRD1-CAV3 interaction not demonstrated
    • Relevance to muscle pathology unknown
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How caveolin-3 oligomer architecture and its cholesterol/sphingolipid interactions are integrated to scaffold and traffic specific ion channels in muscle, and why cardiac and skeletal tissues respond differently to the same mutation, remains unresolved.
  • No high-resolution structure of the caveolin-3 oligomer-channel complex
  • Tissue-specific interaction networks uncharacterized
  • Mechanistic basis of variable cardiac phenotype unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
ANKRD1CACNA1HKCNJ2
Complex memberships
caveolin-3 homo-oligomer (caveolar coat)

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 VIP21 (caveolin-3 precursor) is an integral membrane protein component of trans-Golgi-network-derived transport vesicles and localizes to the Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, and vesicular structures, suggesting a role in vesicular transport machinery. cDNA cloning, detergent solubilization of Golgi-derived vesicles, CHAPS-insoluble complex isolation, transient expression/immunolocalization The Journal of Cell Biology Medium 1512286
1992 Human caveolin (CAV3 locus product) is the same protein as VIP21, an integral membrane protein; Northern blot confirmed that caveolin mRNA is elevated in muscle tissue. cDNA sequencing, sequence homology analysis, Northern blotting, genomic Southern blotting FEBS Letters Medium 1360410
1994 VIP21-caveolin is localized to both caveolae (plasma membrane) and the trans-Golgi network, and forms high-molecular-mass oligomers (a key structural feature), implicating it in membrane protein sorting. Immunolocalization, biochemical fractionation, SDS-PAGE analysis of oligomeric complexes FEBS Letters Medium 8206165
1994 VIP21/caveolin is required for recruiting GPI-anchored proteins into glycosphingolipid complexes necessary for apical sorting; FRT cells lacking VIP21/caveolin expression fail to cluster GPI-anchored proteins with glycosphingolipids, resulting in basolateral mistargeting. Comparison of cell lines differing in VIP21/caveolin expression, TX-100 insolubility assays, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, apical/basolateral sorting assays The EMBO Journal High 8306971
1995 VIP21/caveolin (CAV3) binds cholesterol directly (at least 1 mol cholesterol per mol protein) and this cholesterol binding promotes formation of protein oligomers; the protein reconstitutes into liposomes only with cholesterol-containing lipid mixtures. In vitro reconstitution of E. coli-expressed VIP21 into liposomes, cholesterol-binding assay, oligomerization assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7479780
1995 VIP21-caveolin is a key structural component required for caveolar biogenesis; de novo expression of VIP21-caveolin in lymphocytes (which normally lack caveolae) is sufficient to drive formation of morphologically normal plasma membrane caveolae and recruit GPI-anchored proteins (Thy1) to these structures. Semliki Forest virus expression system in lymphocytes, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, antibody patching of GPI-anchored proteins Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7567992
1995 VIP21-caveolin forms homo-oligomers of ~200, 400, and 600 kDa; oligomers form early in the ER via classical translocation machinery, with the hydrophobic domain adopting a hairpin loop configuration exposing both N- and C-flanking regions to the cytoplasm; oligomer formation is cytosol-dependent but does not require vesicle fusion. SDS-PAGE analysis of detergent-insoluble complexes, pulse-chase experiments, in vitro translation/membrane insertion, sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, purification of 400-kDa complex from dog lung Molecular Biology of the Cell High 7579702
1995 A photo-reactive ganglioside GM1 derivative specifically cross-links VIP21-caveolin at the cell surface, demonstrating direct proximity between GM1 and caveolin in the caveolar membrane and implicating sphingolipid segregation in caveolar biogenesis. Photoaffinity cross-linking with radiolabeled GM1 derivative, SDS-PAGE, autoradiography in A431 and MDCK cells FEBS Letters Medium 7498456
1996 Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters can substitute for cytosol in inducing VIP21-caveolin oligomerization (200 and 400 kDa forms); 25-hydroxycholesterol produces the 200 kDa oligomer. Palmitoylation of cysteine residues is not required for oligomerization per se but increases stability of oligomers (non-palmitoylated oligomers are disrupted by SDS-PAGE without boiling whereas palmitoylated ones are not), establishing that protein domains are the primary determinants of oligomerization. In vitro synthesis and membrane insertion of VIP21-caveolin, cytosol substitution with lipids/fatty acyl-CoA, cysteine-to-alanine mutagenesis, sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation in octylglucoside, SDS-PAGE with/without boiling FEBS Letters High 8690074
1999 Caveolin-1 (VIP-21) cycles between the plasma membrane caveolae and intracellular endocytic compartments including early-sorting endosomes (CURL) and the receptor-recycling compartment in hepatocytes; retinol-binding protein administration caused redistribution of caveolin-1 from plasma membrane to these endocytic compartments, demonstrating dynamic trafficking of caveolae. Subcellular fractionation of rat liver, electron microscopy, immunoblotting of fractions, intravenous administration of retinol-binding protein and tracking of caveolin-1 redistribution Hepatology Medium 10347129
2000 A novel sporadic CAV3 gene mutation causes partial caveolin-3 deficiency (reduced protein expression in muscle fibers) leading to hyperCKemia without muscle weakness, establishing that partial caveolin-3 deficiency is sufficient to disrupt muscle membrane integrity. CAV3 gene sequencing, immunohistochemistry of muscle biopsies, quantitative immunoblot analysis Neurology Medium 10746614
2003 A CAV3 3-bp microdeletion (Phe97del) in the transmembrane domain causes severe caveolin-3 deficiency and caveolar disorganization in skeletal muscle, but only ~40% reduction in myocardium where caveolin-3 is correctly localized with preserved caveolar structures, demonstrating that the molecular network interacting with caveolin-3 differs between skeletal and cardiac muscle. CAV3 genetic analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blot, electron microscopy of muscle and heart biopsies Neurology Medium 14663034
2010 Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) co-localizes with and regulates Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in cardiomyocytes: immunogold EM demonstrated co-localization at caveolae; co-immunoprecipitation confirmed physical association of Cav3.2 and Cav3.1 with Cav-3; GST pulldown showed the N-terminus of Cav-3 interacts with Cav3.2; Cav-3 co-expression decreased peak Cav3.2 current density; PKA-dependent stimulation of T-type current was abolished by Cav-3 siRNA knockdown. Immunogold electron microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation from neonatal ventricular myocytes and HEK293 cells, GST pulldown, whole-cell patch clamp, siRNA knockdown, adenoviral overexpression The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 21084288
2013 Caveolin-3 (Cav3) associates physically with the inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1; LQT9-associated CAV3 mutations (F97C, T78M, P104L) decrease Kir2.1 current density by ~30–60% by reducing Kir2.1 cell surface expression, not by altering intrinsic channel gating. Co-immunoprecipitation, FRET analysis (molecular distance 5.6 ± 0.4 nm), and colocalization in Golgi confirmed the physical interaction. Whole-cell voltage clamp, co-immunoprecipitation from human ventricular myocytes and HEK293 cells, confocal imaging, FRET analysis, on-cell Western blot for surface expression The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 23640888
2023 ANKRD1 modulates CAV3 expression by reducing caveolin-3 ubiquitination, thereby increasing caveolin-3 protein stability; ANKRD1-mediated promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in BMSCs is dependent on CAV3, as CAV3 knockdown impairs ANKRD1's osteogenic effects. Lentiviral ANKRD1 silencing/overexpression, ubiquitination assays, Wnt/β-catenin reporter assays, siRNA knockdown of CAV3, osteogenic differentiation assays, micro-CT in ovariectomized mice Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease Medium 36958710

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 VIP21/caveolin is a cholesterol-binding protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 787 7479780
1995 De novo formation of caveolae in lymphocytes by expression of VIP21-caveolin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 514 7567992
1992 VIP21, a 21-kD membrane protein is an integral component of trans-Golgi-network-derived transport vesicles. The Journal of cell biology 481 1512286
1995 VIP21-caveolin, a membrane protein constituent of the caveolar coat, oligomerizes in vivo and in vitro. Molecular biology of the cell 405 7579702
2004 Silencing of the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel gene in sensory neurons demonstrates its major role in nociception. The EMBO journal 366 15616581
2006 Bradycardia and slowing of the atrioventricular conduction in mice lacking CaV3.1/alpha1G T-type calcium channels. Circulation research 232 16690884
2014 The deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 modulates neuropathic and inflammatory pain by enhancing Cav3.2 channel activity. Neuron 214 25189210
1992 The sequence of human caveolin reveals identity with VIP21, a component of transport vesicles. FEBS letters 182 1360410
2017 Dorsal root ganglion neurons become hyperexcitable and increase expression of voltage-gated T-type calcium channels (Cav3.2) in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain 164 27902567
1995 A photo-reactive derivative of ganglioside GM1 specifically cross-links VIP21-caveolin on the cell surface. FEBS letters 163 7498456
2015 The Low-Threshold Calcium Channel Cav3.2 Determines Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptor Function. Cell reports 162 25600872
1996 Oligomerization of VIP21-caveolin in vitro is stabilized by long chain fatty acylation or cholesterol. FEBS letters 159 8690074
1994 VIP21/caveolin, glycosphingolipid clusters and the sorting of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in epithelial cells. The EMBO journal 152 8306971
2000 Mutation in the CAV3 gene causes partial caveolin-3 deficiency and hyperCKemia. Neurology 110 10746614
2013 Surface expression and function of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels are controlled by asparagine-linked glycosylation. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 91 23503728
2009 Functional coupling between mGluR1 and Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels contributes to parallel fiber-induced fast calcium signaling within Purkinje cell dendritic spines. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 86 19657020
2015 A Recurrent Mutation in CACNA1G Alters Cav3.1 T-Type Calcium-Channel Conduction and Causes Autosomal-Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia. American journal of human genetics 85 26456284
1994 VIP21-Caveolin, a protein of the trans-Golgi network and caveolae. FEBS letters 78 8206165
2013 Chronic hypoxia selectively enhances L- and T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity in pulmonary artery by upregulating Cav1.2 and Cav3.2. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 74 23686856
2003 Immunological characterization of T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel CaV3.1 (alpha 1G) and CaV3.3 (alpha 1I) isoforms reveal differences in their localization, expression, and neural development. Neuroscience 72 12614673
2013 Immunohistological demonstration of CaV3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channel expression in soma of dorsal root ganglion neurons and peripheral axons of rat and mouse. Neuroscience 71 23867767
2012 Hydrogen sulfide-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia require activation of both Cav3.2 and TRPA1 channels in mice. British journal of pharmacology 71 22300342
2021 Targeting T-type/CaV3.2 channels for chronic pain. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 69 33422652
2012 T-type voltage-activated calcium channel Cav3.1, but not Cav3.2, is involved in the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. International journal of oncology 68 22469755
2007 Temperature-dependent modulation of CaV3 T-type calcium channels by protein kinases C and A in mammalian cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 17855364
2002 Stimulation of recombinant Ca(v)3.2, T-type, Ca(2+) channel currents by CaMKIIgamma(C). The Journal of physiology 64 11790804
2014 Ca(V)3.2 channels and the induction of negative feedback in cerebral arteries. Circulation research 63 25085940
2012 Transcriptional regulation of T-type calcium channel CaV3.2: bi-directionality by early growth response 1 (Egr1) and repressor element 1 (RE-1) protein-silencing transcription factor (REST). The Journal of biological chemistry 62 22431737
2008 Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 selectively inhibits CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels. Molecular pharmacology 59 18292205
2014 Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel is required for the NFAT-dependent Sox9 expression in tracheal cartilage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 58 24778262
1999 The "early-sorting" endocytic compartment of rat hepatocytes is involved in the intracellular pathway of caveolin-1 (VIP-21). Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 55 10347129
2006 Augmentation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel activity by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 53 16569752
2013 Low voltage activation of KCa1.1 current by Cav3-KCa1.1 complexes. PloS one 52 23626738
2014 Endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide facilitates T-type calcium channel currents in Cav3.2-expressing HEK293 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 49 24508802
2015 Phosphorylation of the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel directly regulates its gating properties. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 47 26483470
2013 Age-related downregulation of the CaV3.1 T-type calcium channel as a mediator of amyloid beta production. Neurobiology of aging 46 24268883
2015 Expression and Regulation of Cav3.2 T-Type Calcium Channels during Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. PloS one 45 25974104
2013 The interaction of caveolin 3 protein with the potassium inward rectifier channel Kir2.1: physiology and pathology related to long qt syndrome 9 (LQT9). The Journal of biological chemistry 44 23640888
2015 CaV3.2 calcium channels control NMDA receptor-mediated transmission: a new mechanism for absence epilepsy. Genes & development 42 26220996
2004 Functional impact of alternative splicing of human T-type Cav3.3 calcium channels. Journal of neurophysiology 42 15254077
2016 Suppression of Sleep Spindle Rhythmogenesis in Mice with Deletion of CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 T-type Ca(2+) Channels. Sleep 41 26612388
2015 Genetic ablation of CaV3.2 channels enhances the arterial myogenic response by modulating the RyR-BKCa axis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 41 26069238
2007 Selective inhibition of Cav3.3 T-type calcium channels by Galphaq/11-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 17535809
2015 CaV1.2/CaV3.x channels mediate divergent vasomotor responses in human cerebral arteries. The Journal of general physiology 40 25918359
2016 Ontogenic Changes and Differential Localization of T-type Ca(2+) Channel Subunits Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 in Mouse Hippocampus and Cerebellum. Frontiers in neuroanatomy 39 27616982
2014 Hydrogen sulfide inhibits Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 38 25183670
2010 Caveolin-3 regulates protein kinase A modulation of the Ca(V)3.2 (alpha1H) T-type Ca2+ channels. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 21084288
2022 Histone methylation-mediated microRNA-32-5p down-regulation in sensory neurons regulates pain behaviors via targeting Cav3.2 channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 35353623
2013 Functional coupling between large-conductance potassium channels and Cav3.2 voltage-dependent calcium channels participates in prostate cancer cell growth. Biology open 36 24143281
2009 Protein kinase A activity controls the regulation of T-type CaV3.2 channels by Gbetagamma dimers. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 19131331
2016 Low-Voltage-Activated CaV3.1 Calcium Channels Shape T Helper Cell Cytokine Profiles. Immunity 34 27037192
2015 Hydrogen sulfide-induced itch requires activation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel in mice. Scientific reports 34 26602811
2022 Cav3.1-driven bursting firing in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons exerts dual control of anxiety-like behavior and energy expenditure. Molecular psychiatry 33 35318460
2019 Nerve injury elevates functional Cav3.2 channels in superficial spinal dorsal horn. Molecular pain 33 30803310
2018 CACHD1 is an α2δ-Like Protein That Modulates CaV3 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Activity. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 33 30181139
2016 The voltage gated Ca(2+)-channel Cav3.2 and therapeutic responses in breast cancer. Cancer cell international 33 27034617
2016 CAV3 mutations causing exercise intolerance, myalgia and rhabdomyolysis: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of caveolinopathies. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 33 27312022
2013 Carbon monoxide inhibition of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels reveals tonic modulation by thioredoxin. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 33 23671274
2014 Roles of Cav3.2 and TRPA1 channels targeted by hydrogen sulfide in pancreatic nociceptive processing in mice with or without acute pancreatitis. Journal of neuroscience research 32 25267397
2005 Subtype switching of T-type Ca 2+ channels from Cav3.2 to Cav3.1 during differentiation of embryonic stem cells to cardiac cell lineage. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 32 16195632
2014 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate elicits Ca2+ spike in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: essential role of Cav3.2 channels. Cell calcium 31 25260713
2016 Modulation of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel permeability by asparagine-linked glycosylation. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 30 26745591
2015 Functional upregulation of the H2S/Cav3.2 channel pathway accelerates secretory function in neuroendocrine-differentiated human prostate cancer cells. Biochemical pharmacology 30 26256074
2003 A CAV3 microdeletion differentially affects skeletal muscle and myocardium. Neurology 30 14663034
2021 CaMKII and CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel mediate Connexin-43-dependent inflammation by activating astrocytes in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. Cell biology and toxicology 29 34286406
2017 Calmodulin regulates Cav3 T-type channels at their gating brake. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 28972185
2009 Rippling muscle disease and cardiomyopathy associated with a mutation in the CAV3 gene. Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 29 19773168
2022 Voltage-dependent CaV3.2 and CaV2.2 channels in nociceptive pathways. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 28 35043234
2019 SUMOylation regulates USP5-Cav3.2 calcium channel interactions. Molecular brain 25 31455361
2010 Regulation and function of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels in IGF-I-stimulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 25 21148410
2008 17 beta-estradiol modulates expression of low-voltage-activated Ca(V)3.2 T-type calcium channel via extracellularly regulated kinase pathway in cardiomyocytes. Endocrinology 25 18832095
2014 The expression pattern of a Cav3-Kv4 complex differentially regulates spike output in cerebellar granule cells. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 24 24966380
2012 β-Adrenergic stimulation increases Cav3.1 activity in cardiac myocytes through protein kinase A. PloS one 24 22808078
2006 Cav3.1 (alpha1G) controls von Willebrand factor secretion in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 24 17172292
2018 Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels induces sensory neuronal hypoexcitability through the novel protein kinase C-eta isoform. Journal of pineal research 23 29437250
2010 Involvement of CaV3.1 T-type calcium channels in cell proliferation in mouse preadipocytes. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 23 20457833
2010 Characterization of the gating brake in the I-II loop of CaV3 T-type calcium channels. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 23 21099341
2014 Cav3 T-type channels: regulators for gating, membrane expression, and cation selectivity. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 22 24515291
2006 Determinants of the differential gating properties of Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 T-type channels: a role of domain IV? Neuroscience 22 16996222
2024 α-Synuclein oligomers potentiate neuroinflammatory NF-κB activity and induce Cav3.2 calcium signaling in astrocytes. Translational neurodegeneration 21 38378800
2022 A Synthetically Accessible Small-Molecule Inhibitor of USP5-Cav3.2 Calcium Channel Interactions with Analgesic Properties. ACS chemical neuroscience 21 35113527
2021 Neuromedin B receptor stimulation of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels in primary sensory neurons mediates peripheral pain hypersensitivity. Theranostics 21 34646374
2020 Channelopathies of voltage-gated L-type Cav1.3/α1D and T-type Cav3.1/α1G Ca2+ channels in dysfunction of heart automaticity. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 21 32601767
2023 Cav3.2 channel regulates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a promising target for intervention. Neural regeneration research 20 38526284
2021 Trigeminal neuropathic pain is alleviated by inhibition of Cav3.3 T-type calcium channels in mice. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 20 33283622
2019 T-Type Cav3.1 Channels Mediate Progression and Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancer research 20 30755443
2016 Colocalization of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and T type Cav3.2 channel in dorsal root ganglia in chronic inflammatory pain mouse model. Neuroreport 20 27213932
2013 Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from plasma membrane Cav3.2 protein channels contributes to ischemic toxicity in PC12 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 23508951
2009 CCR2 receptor ligands inhibit Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels. Molecular pharmacology 20 19864434
2015 Regulation of neuronal cav3.1 channels by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). PloS one 19 25760945
2013 Physical interaction between calcineurin and Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel modulates their functions. FEBS letters 19 23669360
2006 CAV3 gene mutation analysis in patients with idiopathic hyper-CK-emia. Muscle & nerve 19 16770780
2023 ANKRD1 activates the Wnt signaling pathway by modulating CAV3 expression and thus promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in ovariectomized mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 18 36958710
2018 Disrupting USP5/Cav3.2 interactions protects female mice from mechanical hypersensitivity during peripheral inflammation. Molecular brain 18 30340616
2014 CaV3.2 T-type Ca²⁺ channels in H₂S-mediated hypoxic response of the carotid body. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 18 25377087
2010 ACTH induces Cav3.2 current and mRNA by cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent mechanisms. The Journal of biological chemistry 18 20424171
2003 Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in a 71-year-old woman with an R27Q mutation in the CAV3 gene. Neurology 18 12939441
2015 CaV3.1 T-Type Ca2+ Channels Contribute to Myogenic Signaling in Rat Retinal Arterioles. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 17 26241400
2009 Protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of recombinant T-type Cav3.2 channels by neurokinin 1 receptors. Molecular pharmacology 17 19805509
2009 G protein-mediated inhibition of Cav3.2 T-type channels revisited. Molecular pharmacology 17 19903827

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