Affinage

C7

Complement component C7 · UniProt P10643

Round 2 corrected
Length
843 aa
Mass
93.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Complement component C7 is a single-chain mosaic glycoprotein that undergoes a hydrophilic-to-amphiphilic transition upon incorporation into the C5b-67 intermediate, forming the membrane-anchoring stalk of the membrane attack complex (MAC) (PMID:3335508). Synthesized primarily by the liver and bone marrow, with additional local production by monocytes, fibroblasts, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, C7 is also a plasminogen-binding protein that enhances tPA-mediated plasminogen activation, thereby focusing plasmin activity at complement-tagged surfaces (PMID:8814254, PMID:7814888, PMID:7722325). Diverse loss-of-function mutations — including splice-site defects, exon deletions, and the ER-retaining missense variant R499S — cause hereditary C7 deficiency, which predisposes to Neisserial infections (PMID:9218625, PMID:17407100). Beyond canonical MAC function, C7 has been implicated in maintaining liver cancer stem cell properties via LSF-1 regulation and in modulating excitatory synaptic transmission relevant to Alzheimer's disease (PMID:26723877, PMID:31032141).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1975 Low

    Identification of a C7-inactivating principle in deficient serum provided early evidence that C7 activity is physiologically regulated, though the molecular identity of the regulator remained unknown.

    Evidence Functional hemolysis assays and immunodiffusion in C7-deficient human serum

    PMID:813921

    Open questions at the time
    • The molecular identity of the inactivating principle was never determined
    • Single study without independent replication
    • No mechanism of inactivation established
  2. 1979 High

    Biochemical characterization established that C6 and C7 are structurally homologous single-chain glycoproteins, supporting their origin from a common ancestral gene and implying shared mechanistic principles in MAC assembly.

    Evidence Affinity chromatography purification, amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE, CD spectroscopy of purified C6 and C7

    PMID:381516

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural basis for the functional divergence of C6 and C7 despite their similarity
    • Sequence-level comparison not yet available
  3. 1988 High

    Determination of the complete primary structure of C7 and its role in the C5b-7 complex resolved how C7 mediates the critical hydrophilic-to-amphiphilic transition: C7 and C6 constitute the membrane-anchoring stalk of C5b-7, as demonstrated by photoreactive cross-linking and EM.

    Evidence cDNA sequencing (821 aa, 28 disulfide bonds), transmission EM, photoreactive phosphatidylethanolamine cross-linking

    PMID:3335508

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure of C5b-7 not determined
    • Precise lipid-interaction domain within C7 not mapped at residue level
  4. 1990 High

    Chromosomal mapping placed C6 and C7 genes together on chromosome 5, consistent with earlier genetic observations of co-segregation and confirming physical linkage that explains combined C6/C7 deficiencies.

    Evidence Somatic cell hybrid panel with Southern blot and PCR amplification of human C7 sequences

    PMID:2382968

    Open questions at the time
    • Physical distance and shared regulatory elements between C6 and C7 loci not determined
  5. 1993 High

    Identification of clusterin as a direct binding partner of C7 (and C8β/C9) established a soluble inhibitory mechanism for MAC assembly, with clusterin recognizing conformational epitopes exposed during the amphiphilic transition.

    Evidence Radioligand binding with [125I]clusterin, competition assays, hemolysis and C9 polymerization inhibition

    PMID:8345200

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding site on C7 for clusterin not mapped
    • Relative importance of clusterin vs. other fluid-phase MAC inhibitors in vivo unclear
  6. 1995 High

    Discovery that C7 binds plasminogen via lysine-binding sites and enhances tPA-mediated plasmin generation revealed a non-canonical role linking complement activation to fibrinolysis at complement-targeted surfaces.

    Evidence Radioligand binding with [125I]-plasminogen, lysine analogue competition, tPA-mediated plasminogen activation assay

    PMID:7814888

    Open questions at the time
    • Lysine residues on C7 responsible for plasminogen binding not identified
    • In vivo relevance of C7-plasminogen interaction not demonstrated
  7. 1996 Medium

    Allotype-tracking in transplant recipients quantified organ-specific contributions to circulating C7, establishing the liver (30–62%) and bone marrow (18–27%) as the primary systemic sources, while earlier work had shown local synthesis by monocytes, fibroblasts, and PMNs.

    Evidence C7 allotype-specific ELISA in liver and bone marrow transplant recipients; serum-free monocyte/fibroblast culture; PMN allotype and PMA release experiments

    PMID:2270435 PMID:3764345 PMID:7722325 PMID:8814254

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of extrahepatic sources under inflammatory conditions not systematically quantified
    • Transcriptional regulation of C7 in different cell types not characterized
  8. 1997 Medium

    Identification of multiple loss-of-function mutations (splice defects, exon deletions, missense) in diverse ethnic populations established the molecular genetic basis of hereditary C7 deficiency and revealed founder effects in specific populations.

    Evidence Exon PCR, direct sequencing, Southern blotting, haplotype marker analysis in Irish and Moroccan Sephardic Jewish families

    PMID:9218625

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of the missense mutation in exon 9 not characterized at the protein level
    • Genotype–phenotype correlation with infection susceptibility not established
  9. 2007 High

    The R499S variant was shown to cause ER retention of misfolded C7, providing a molecular mechanism for subtotal C7 deficiency and distinguishing it from complete null mutations.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence co-localization with ER/Golgi markers in cells expressing wild-type vs. R499S C7; population frequency analysis

    PMID:17407100

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for R499S misfolding not determined
    • Whether ER-retained R499S triggers unfolded protein response not tested
  10. 2012 Medium

    C7-knockout mice infected with M. tuberculosis showed reduced immunopathology with altered T-cell and macrophage responses, establishing that MAC contributes to tissue damage rather than bacterial killing in tuberculosis.

    Evidence C7-KO mouse aerosol infection, CFU, histopathology, flow cytometry, cytokine profiling

    PMID:22973398

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which MAC mediates immunopathology (direct tissue lysis vs. inflammatory amplification) not resolved
    • Findings not confirmed in other infection models
  11. 2015 Medium

    A non-canonical role for C7 in maintaining liver cancer stem cell properties was demonstrated: C7 knockdown abolished tumorsphere formation and stemness factor expression via LSF-1, while overexpression enhanced in vivo tumor growth.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown and overexpression in liver tumor-initiating cells, tumorsphere assays, xenograft models, LSF-1 pathway analysis

    PMID:26723877

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether C7 acts intracellularly or via autocrine MAC-independent signaling is unknown
    • Mechanism of C7–LSF-1 regulation not elucidated
    • Relevance beyond hepatocellular carcinoma not tested
  12. 2018 Medium

    The rare C7 K420Q variant was associated with Alzheimer's disease, and functional studies showed it impairs C7's inhibitory effect on excitatory synaptic transmission, linking complement to neuronal function beyond neuroinflammation.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing in Han Chinese cohort, hippocampal MRI, β-amyloid processing assays, electrophysiological recordings in pyramidal neurons

    PMID:31032141

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which wild-type C7 inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission is unknown
    • Whether the effect is MAC-dependent or a direct neuronal action not resolved
    • Single ethnic cohort — replication in other populations needed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the atomic structure of C7 within the MAC and C5b-7 complexes, the precise lipid-interaction residues mediating membrane insertion, the mechanism underlying C7's non-canonical roles in cancer stemness and synaptic modulation, and whether these non-canonical functions operate through MAC-independent pathways.
  • No high-resolution structure of C7 alone or in the C5b-7/MAC complex
  • MAC-independent signaling mechanisms of C7 not delineated
  • Transcriptional regulation of C7 expression across tissues poorly characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 1 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 8 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4
Partners
C5C6C8C9CFHCLUPLG
Complex memberships
C5b-7 complexMembrane attack complex (MAC/C5b-9)

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1988 Human complement C7 is a single-chain glycoprotein of 821 amino acids with 28 disulfide bonds, organized as a mosaic protein with N-terminal homology to C8 and C9 and C-terminal cysteine-rich domains homologous to LDL receptor, EGF precursor, thrombospondin, and coagulation factors IX/X. Electron microscopy revealed a flexible elongated molecule; in the C5b-7 complex, C7 forms the stalk region that mediates hydrophilic-to-amphiphilic transition and membrane anchoring, with photoreactive cross-linking confirming that C6 and C7 constitute the membrane-anchoring stalk of the C5b-7 complex. cDNA sequencing, circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, photoreactive cross-linking with radioiodinated phosphatidylethanolamine The Journal of biological chemistry High 3335508
1979 C6 and C7 are structurally very similar single-chain glycoproteins with nearly identical amino acid compositions, molecular weights (~120–125 kDa), electrophoretic properties (both β2-globulins), and secondary structure content, consistent with evolution from a common ancestral gene. Affinity chromatography purification, amino acid composition analysis, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, UV and CD spectroscopy Journal of immunology High 381516
1993 Clusterin (apolipoprotein J/complement inhibitor) binds specifically to complement C7, C8β, and the C9b fragment of C9 (which contains the hydrophobic membrane interaction segment). Binding to C9 is competed by polymerized C9 but not by C6, C7, or CD59, indicating that conformational changes during the hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition of C9 expose the clusterin interaction site. Both subunits of clusterin interact with C9 and equivalently inhibit C5b-9 hemolysis and zinc-induced C9 polymerization. Ligand blotting with [125I]clusterin, competition binding assays, hemolysis inhibition assays, C9 polymerization assays Journal of immunology High 8345200
1995 Complement component C7 (but not C5b6, C8, or C9) is a plasminogen-binding protein. C7, both in isolated form and after incorporation into the C5b-9 terminal complement complex, binds plasminogen via lysine-binding sites (inhibited by 6-aminohexanoic acid and tranexamic acid). Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated plasminogen activation is enhanced in the presence of C7, suggesting C7 focuses plasmin activity to complement-tagged structures. Radioligand binding studies with [125I]-plasminogen, competition assays with lysine analogues, tPA-mediated plasminogen activation assay Journal of immunology High 7814888
1975 A C7-inactivating principle was identified in C7-deficient human serum that can inactivate C7 both in fluid phase and in its cell-bound state, suggesting existence of a physiological regulator of C7 activity. Functional complement hemolysis assays, immunodiffusion, physicochemical characterization of inactivator Clinical and experimental immunology Low 813921
1985 In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) type III erythrocytes, enhanced reactive lysis by C5b-9 is not due to increased C7 binding from fluid phase; C5b6-dependent 125I-C7 binding to PNH erythrocytes is equivalent to normal erythrocytes. Instead, the increased lysis reflects more efficient conversion of cell-bound C5b67 to hemolytic sites on PNH cells, indicating a post-C7 binding defect downstream in MAC assembly. Pre-incubation with anti-C3 antibodies failed to inhibit PNH reactive lysis, ruling out cell-bound C3b as the mechanism. 125I-C7 radioligand binding assays, reactive lysis hemolysis assays, anti-C3 antibody inhibition experiments Journal of immunology Medium 3964820
1986 Human monocytes cultured under serum-free conditions synthesize and secrete complement components C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, which assemble as a functional terminal complement complex on activator surfaces (agarose beads), as demonstrated by binding of antibodies against C5–C9 and a neoepitope of polymerized C9. Serum-free monocyte culture, immunoassay with anti-complement antibodies (including anti-polymerized C9 neoantigen), alternative pathway activation on agarose beads Scandinavian journal of immunology Medium 3764345
1990 Human fibroblasts produce complement components C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 in vitro, and the locally synthesized terminal components assemble into a functional terminal complement complex on alternative pathway activator surfaces, as evidenced by anti-activated C9 neoepitope reactivity. Serum-free co-culture of fibroblasts with agarose activators, radioimmunoassay with anti-complement antibodies including anti-C9 neoepitope Scandinavian journal of immunology Medium 2270435
1995 Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) store large quantities of C7 and C6 intracellularly (median 149.7 ng and 60.1 ng per 10^7 cells respectively), independent of serum uptake, with C7 and C6 release occurring upon PMA stimulation. The stored C7 retains molecular integrity (identical MW to serum C7) and functional activity, being incorporated into the terminal complement complex. ELISA, immunoblot, allotype tracking experiment (C7 M/N allotype), PMA stimulation of PMNs, terminal complement complex functional assay Journal of immunology Medium 7722325
1996 The majority of circulating C7 is synthesized by the liver and bone marrow. Following organ transplantation with C7 allotype mismatch, liver transplants contributed 30–62% of circulating C7, and a bone marrow transplant contributed 18–27% during post-transplant inflammation, demonstrating organ-specific origins of plasma C7. C7 allotype-specific ELISA (monoclonal antibody WU 4-15) in bone marrow and liver transplant recipients with allotype mismatch European journal of immunology Medium 8814254
1997 C7 deficiency is caused by diverse molecular defects. In Irish families, mutations include a heterozygous 3' splice acceptor site mutation in intron 1 and a deletion of exons 7 and 8. In Israeli families of Moroccan Sephardic Jewish origin, a missense mutation in exon 9 (shared haplotype, likely ancient) causes the deficiency. These mutations result in absent or severely reduced circulating C7 protein. Exon PCR and direct sequencing, Southern blotting, haplotype marker analysis Journal of immunology Medium 9218625
2007 The C7 R499S missense mutation causes subtotal C7 deficiency (C7SD) by producing a misfolded protein that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, while wild-type C7 localizes to the Golgi apparatus. R499S represents a loss-of-function polymorphism with a frequency of ~1% in normal Caucasian populations, occurring in compound heterozygosity with complete C7 null alleles. Exon-specific PCR and sequencing, subcellular localization by immunofluorescence (ER vs. Golgi markers), population frequency analysis European journal of immunology High 17407100
1999 Phylogenetic analysis of terminal complement complex proteins (C6, C7, C8α, C8β, C9) demonstrates that they all originate from a single ancestral gene with complex modular composition, with C6 and C7 being the earliest diverged members. Evolution involved gene duplications and module loss, resulting in successive proteins with decreasing modular complexity; C9 and perforin represent parallel evolution toward pore-forming function. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences using all available C6–C9 and perforin sequences Journal of molecular evolution Medium 10441679
2015 C7 and complement factor H (CFH) are required to maintain stemness in liver tumor-initiating cells. Knockdown of C7 or CFH abrogates tumorsphere formation and induces differentiation, while overexpression stimulates stemness factor expression and in vivo tumor growth. Mechanistically, C7 and CFH regulate LSF-1 expression, which directly controls transcription of stemness factors. NanoString gene expression analysis of tumorspheres, siRNA knockdown, overexpression studies, tumorsphere formation assay, in vivo xenograft assay, LSF-1 interaction analysis Cancer letters Medium 26723877
2018 A rare missense variant p.K420Q in the C7 gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese. Overexpression of mutant C7 (K420Q) disturbs cell viability and immune activation, affects β-amyloid processing, and electrophysiological analyses show that the K420Q mutation impairs the inhibitory effect of wild-type C7 on excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. Whole-exome sequencing, hippocampal volume MRI analysis, cell viability assays, β-amyloid processing assays, electrophysiological recordings in pyramidal neurons National science review Medium 31032141
2012 C7-deficient mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed significantly reduced liver colony-forming units at day 30, markedly reduced lung occlusion, increased total lymphocytes, decreased macrophages, and increased CD4+ T cells at day 60 post-infection. Lung IFN-γ and TNF-α expression was increased in C7-deficient mice, with no differences in macrophage-level MTB proliferation. This indicates C7 contributes to MAC-mediated immunopathology in tuberculosis rather than bacterial killing. C7-knockout mouse aerosol infection model, bacterial burden (CFU), histopathology, flow cytometry, cytokine expression, macrophage proliferation assay Clinical & developmental immunology Medium 22973398
1978 Combined genetic deficiency of C6 and C7 was identified in a family, transmitted as a single genetic characteristic with a silent C6 allele. The propositus had an abnormal, smaller C6 (110 kDa vs normal 140 kDa) with reduced antigenicity, together with trace amounts of normal C7. The data suggest C6 and C7 genes are closely linked and may share a primary transcript, and that a structural C6 mutation can cause hyposynthesis of both C6 and C7, implying possible co-regulation. Functional complement assays, immunodiffusion, SDS-PAGE molecular weight determination, family segregation analysis Clinical and experimental immunology Low 102474
1990 The genes encoding human complement components C6 and C7 were both assigned to chromosome 5 by somatic cell hybrid panel analysis, with C7 detection confirmed by PCR amplification of human-specific C7 sequences in hybrid DNA. Somatic cell hybrid panel (19 hybrids), Southern blot with human C6 and C7 cDNA probes, PCR amplification of human C7 sequences Annals of human genetics High 2382968

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2020 The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 936 32446778
1985 Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature 899 3925348
2005 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression is increased in asthmatic airways and correlates with expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and disease severity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 681 15944327
1995 Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. Nature 660 7566098
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1997 Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology 655 9060447
2011 CXCL10/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 648 21802343
2003 An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4. The Journal of experimental medicine 588 12782716
1995 Human interferon-inducible protein 10 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo. The Journal of experimental medicine 571 7540647
2019 Macrophage-Derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 Are Required for Antitumor Immune Responses Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 569 31636098
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2013 HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment. Nature 388 24196705
2003 Many chemokines including CCL20/MIP-3alpha display antimicrobial activity. Journal of leukocyte biology 379 12949249
2005 Cytokine responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages in vitro: possible relevance to pathogenesis. Journal of virology 347 15919935
2004 One nucleotide in a kappaB site can determine cofactor specificity for NF-kappaB dimers. Cell 330 15315758
2008 CXCL10 and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity reviews 290 19105984
2002 Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 279 12016104
1997 The immunobiology of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD (IP-10): a novel, pleiotropic member of the C-X-C chemokine superfamily. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 273 9462486
2002 Novel 4-anilinoquinazolines with C-7 basic side chains: design and structure activity relationship of a series of potent, orally active, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Journal of medicinal chemistry 262 11881999
2000 The ligands of CXC chemokine receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, are natural antagonists for CCR3. The Journal of biological chemistry 249 11110785
2012 CXCL10-CXCR3 enhances the development of neutrophil-mediated fulminant lung injury of viral and nonviral origin. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 238 23144331
2001 Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family. The Journal of biological chemistry 227 11390394
2005 The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates human lung mast cell migration to asthmatic airway smooth muscle. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 225 15879427
2020 IP-10 and MCP-1 as biomarkers associated with disease severity of COVID-19. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 220 33121429
2016 CXCL9 and CXCL10 predict survival and are regulated by cyclooxygenase inhibition in advanced serous ovarian cancer. British journal of cancer 219 27490802
2004 Intracellular domains of CXCR3 that mediate CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 function. The Journal of biological chemistry 217 15150261
1999 Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 213 10201901
2020 Tebentafusp, A TCR/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Fusion Protein Targeting gp100, Potently Activated Antitumor Immune Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 203 32816891
2015 Mixed lineage kinase 3 mediates release of C-X-C motif ligand 10-bearing chemotactic extracellular vesicles from lipotoxic hepatocytes. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 202 26406121
2006 Chemokine expression by astrocytes plays a role in microglia/macrophage activation and subsequent neurodegeneration in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta neuropathologica 194 16733654
1988 The structure of human complement component C7 and the C5b-7 complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 158 3335508
1993 Clusterin, the human apolipoprotein and complement inhibitor, binds to complement C7, C8 beta, and the b domain of C9. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 140 8345200
1995 Chemical structure and translation inhibition studies of the antibiotic microcin C7. The Journal of biological chemistry 106 7559516
1981 Isolation and characterization of dexamethasone-resistant mutants from human lymphoid cell line CEM-C7. Molecular and cellular biology 99 6965106
1993 Galanin receptor antagonists M40 and C7 block galanin-induced feeding. Brain research 94 7679604
2000 Ochratoxin A induces JNK activation and apoptosis in MDCK-C7 cells at nanomolar concentrations. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 88 10869383
1979 Structural similarities between C6 and C7 of human complement. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 80 381516
1978 Combined genetic deficiency of C6 and C7 in man. Clinical and experimental immunology 71 102474
2020 Regio- and Stereoselective Steroid Hydroxylation at C7 by Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Mutants. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 70 32243054
1995 Structure and organization of plasmid genes required to produce the translation inhibitor microcin C7. Journal of bacteriology 70 8522520
2004 Family of cytochrome c7-type proteins from Geobacter sulfurreducens: structure of one cytochrome c7 at 1.45 A resolution. Biochemistry 69 14744127
2003 Rutinoside at C7 attenuates the apoptosis-inducing activity of flavonoids. Biochemical pharmacology 68 14505793
2018 Complement C7 is a novel risk gene for Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese. National science review 67 31032141
2012 Structures of KlenTaq DNA polymerase caught while incorporating C5-modified pyrimidine and C7-modified 7-deazapurine nucleoside triphosphates. Journal of the American Chemical Society 66 22475415
2007 TrpC3/C7 and Slo2.1 are molecular targets for metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling in rat striatal cholinergic interneurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 64 17699666
2004 Cardiotonic steroids differentially affect intracellular Na+ and [Na+]i/[K+]i-independent signaling in C7-MDCK cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 15494417
1990 Prevalence of hereditary properdin, C7 and C8 deficiencies in patients with meningococcal infections. Clinical and experimental immunology 63 2397612
1999 The AcbC protein from Actinoplanes species is a C7-cyclitol synthase related to 3-dehydroquinate synthases and is involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 10196166
1996 Yeast sterol C8-C7 isomerase: identification and characterization of a high-affinity binding site for enzyme inhibitors. Biochemistry 60 8988026
1986 Synthesis of complement components C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9 in vitro by human monocytes and assembly of the terminal complement complex. Scandinavian journal of immunology 58 3764345
2011 Fungicidal monoclonal antibody C7 interferes with iron acquisition in Candida albicans. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 57 21518848
2015 Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties. European journal of medicinal chemistry 56 26599530
2010 Synthesis and biological characterization of the histone deacetylase inhibitor largazole and C7- modified analogues. Journal of medicinal chemistry 55 20491440
2015 Complement proteins C7 and CFH control the stemness of liver cancer cells via LSF-1. Cancer letters 54 26723877
2016 Overexpression of Rice Glutaredoxin OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 Reduces Intracellular Arsenic Accumulation and Increases Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in plant science 51 27313586
1998 Characterization of the enzymatic 7-O-acetylation of sialic acids and evidence for enzymatic O-acetyl migration from C-7 to C-9 in bovine submandibular gland. Journal of biochemistry 51 9644253
1994 Multicomplex cellulase-xylanase system of Clostridium papyrosolvens C7. Journal of bacteriology 48 8282713
1992 Growth inhibitory effects of bioflavonoids and related compounds on human leukemic CEM-C1 and CEM-C7 cells. Cancer letters 47 1483269
1995 Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes store large amounts of terminal complement components C7 and C6, which may be released on stimulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 46 7722325
1996 Oligodeoxynucleotides containing C-7 propyne analogs of 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine and 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine. Nucleic acids research 43 8760882
2004 Two cDNAs from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, encoding mosaic proteins with domains found in factor H, factor I, and complement components C6 and C7. Immunogenetics 40 15088130
2001 Constitutive expression of ectopic c-Myc delays glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis of human leukemic CEM-C7 cells. Oncogene 39 11498786
2001 Reduction in the local expression of complement component 6 (C6) and 7 (C7) mRNAs in oesophageal carcinoma. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 38 11378347
1986 Cloning and mapping of the genetic determinants for microcin C7 production and immunity. Journal of bacteriology 38 3536876
1975 A case of deficiency of the seventh component of complement in man. Biological properties of a C7-deficient serum and description of a C7-inactivating principle. Clinical and experimental immunology 38 813921
1973 Studies on the formation of C7-oxygenated cholesterol and beta-sitosterol metabolites in cell-free preparations of rat liver. Journal of lipid research 38 4729972
1986 In vitro activation and DNA binding affinity of human lymphoid (CEM-C7) cytoplasmic receptors labeled with the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486. Journal of steroid biochemistry 36 2871233
2004 Structure of a novel c7-type three-heme cytochrome domain from a multidomain cytochrome c polymer. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 35 15133162
2022 Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin C7 on Growth Performance, Immune and Intestinal Barrier Functions, and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers. Frontiers in veterinary science 34 35071396
2004 Redox characterization of Geobacter sulfurreducens cytochrome c7: physiological relevance of the conserved residue F15 probed by site-specific mutagenesis. Biochemistry 34 15274645
1990 Synthesis of C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 by human fibroblasts. Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 2270435
2019 Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of C7-functionalized DMXAA derivatives as potential human-STING agonists. Organic & biomolecular chemistry 33 30117503
2009 PPARgamma agonists inhibit vasopressin-mediated anion transport in the MDCK-C7 cell line. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 33 19403648
2012 Expression of complement component C7 and involvement in innate immune responses to bacteria in grass carp. Fish & shellfish immunology 31 22617254
2021 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum C7 and Staphylococcus warneri S6 on flavor quality and bacterial diversity of fermented meat rice, a traditional Chinese food. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) 30 34865763
2010 Simultaneous C7- and N1-prenylation of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp catalyzed by a prenyltransferase from Aspergillus oryzae. Organic & biomolecular chemistry 30 20473424
2007 ValC, a new type of C7-Cyclitol kinase involved in the biosynthesis of the antifungal agent validamycin A. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 30 17335096
2007 Piericidins C7 and C8, new cytotoxic antibiotics produced by a marine Streptomyces sp. The Journal of antibiotics 30 17446692
2002 The metal reductase activity of some multiheme cytochromes c: NMR structural characterization of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by cytochrome c(7). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 29 12119407
1992 Identification of new markers in Xp21 between DXS28 (C7) and DMD. Genomics 29 1505987
1990 The assignment of the genes coding for human complement components C6 and C7 to chromosome 5. Annals of human genetics 29 2382968
2023 Functional identification of a novel C7 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Virology 28 37331112
1999 Characterization of the subtype selectivity of the allosteric modulator heptane-1,7-bis-(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropyl) ammonium bromide (C7/3-phth) at cloned muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochemical pharmacology 27 9890565
1997 Molecular bases of C7 deficiency: three different defects. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 27 9218625
1985 Enhanced reactive lysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes by C5b-9 does not involve increased C7 binding or cell-bound C3b. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 27 3964820
2018 Intracellular Iron Chelation by a Novel Compound, C7, Reactivates Epstein⁻Barr Virus (EBV) Lytic Cycle via the ERK-Autophagy Axis in EBV-Positive Epithelial Cancers. Cancers 26 30544928
2016 Comparison of 3 type VII collagen (C7) assays for serologic diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 26 26947449
2014 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialosides containing C7-modified sialic acids and their application in sialidase substrate specificity studies. Carbohydrate research 26 24680514
2011 Structural basis for microcin C7 inactivation by the MccE acetyltransferase. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 21507941
2007 Hereditary complement C7 deficiency in nine families: subtotal C7 deficiency revisited. European journal of immunology 26 17407100
2004 Squalene-hopene cyclase: insight into the role of the methyl group on the squalene backbone upon the polycyclization cascade. Enzymatic cyclization products of squalene analogs lacking a 26-methyl group and possessing a methyl group at C7 or C11. Organic & biomolecular chemistry 26 15254628
2015 Structural basis for antagonizing a host restriction factor by C7 family of poxvirus host-range proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25 26578811
2012 Structure and function of a serine carboxypeptidase adapted for degradation of the protein synthesis antibiotic microcin C7. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25 22388748
2012 Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 8: the effect of C7-heteroaryl substitution on the potency, and in vitro and in vivo profiles of indole-based inhibitors. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 25 23200249
1995 Glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 reverses agonist-induced apoptosis and c-myc repression in human leukemic CEM-C7 cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 24 7625725
2023 Deeper Defluorination and Mineralization of a Novel PFECA (C7 HFPO-TA) in Vacuum UV/Sulfite: Unique Mechanism of H/OCF3 Exchange. Environmental science & technology 23 37747133
2018 Human Host Range Restriction of the Vaccinia Virus C7/K1 Double Deletion Mutant Is Mediated by an Atypical Mode of Translation Inhibition. Journal of virology 23 30209174
1996 Organ-specific contribution to circulating C7 levels by the bone marrow and liver in humans. European journal of immunology 23 8814254
2013 An anatomical and immunohistochemical characterization of afferents innervating the C6-C7 facet joint after painful joint loading in the rat. Spine 22 23324931
1983 Structure-activity relationships of estrogens. Effects of 14-dehydrogenation and axial methyl groups at C-7, C-9 and C-11. Steroids 22 6665822
1998 Reference typing report for complement components C6, C7 and C9 including mutations leading to deficiencies. Experimental and clinical immunogenetics 21 10072638
1995 DNA polymorphisms of the complement C6 and C7 genes. Annals of human genetics 21 7625764
2013 The Sterol-C7 desaturase from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is a Rieske Oxygenase, which is highly conserved in animals. Molecular biology and evolution 20 23603937
1999 Phylogenetic analysis of the homologous proteins of the terminal complement complex supports the emergence of C6 and C7 followed by C8 and C9. Journal of molecular evolution 20 10441679
1998 The Desulfuromonas acetoxidans triheme cytochrome c7 produced in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans retains its metal reductase activity. Applied and environmental microbiology 20 9546165
2001 C7, a novel nucleolar protein, is the mouse homologue of the Drosophila late puff product L82 and an isoform of human OXR1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 11237729
1995 Complement component C7 is a plasminogen-binding protein. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 19 7814888
2000 Antisecretory effects of galanin and its putative antagonists M15, M35 and C7 in the rat stomach. Journal of physiology, Paris 18 10761687
1998 Complement C7 deficiency: seven further molecular defects and their associated marker haplotypes. Human genetics 18 9856499
1995 Complement component C6 and C7 haplotypes associated with deficiencies of C6. Annals of human genetics 18 7625765
1984 Genetic polymorphism of complement C6 and haplotype analysis between C6 and C7 in a Japanese population. Human genetics 18 6500564
1981 Organic solvents and chronic glomerulonephritis: a cross-sectional study with negative findings for aliphatic and alicyclic C5-C7 hydrocarbons. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 18 7184941
2022 BnaC7.ROT3, the causal gene of cqSL-C7, mediates silique length by affecting cell elongation in Brassica napus. Journal of experimental botany 17 34486674
2021 CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGrx_C7 plays a crucial role in enhancing protection against salt stress in rice. Journal of biotechnology 17 33610657
2016 Suppression of gyrase-mediated resistance by C7 aryl fluoroquinolones. Nucleic acids research 17 26984528
2014 C7-prenylation of tryptophanyl and O-prenylation of tyrosyl residues in dipeptides by an Aspergillus terreus prenyltransferase. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 25125042
1988 Sensory irritation and pulmonary irritation of C3-C7 n-alkylamines: mechanisms of receptor activation. Pharmacology & toxicology 17 3194350
2013 C7: a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide that induces protective immune response against megalocytivirus in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) via Toll-like receptor 9-mediated signaling pathway. Developmental and comparative immunology 16 24333437
2004 Complement component C7 deficiency in two Spanish families. Immunology 16 15554930
1992 Combined total deficiency of C7 and C4B with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical and experimental immunology 16 1347491
2007 Alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement component C7 are involved in asthma exacerbation. Proteomics. Clinical applications 15 21136778
2005 Motoneuron survival after C7 nerve root avulsion and replantation in the adult rabbit: effects of local ciliary neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor application. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 15 15923853
1992 Fluorescence in situ hybridization establishes the order cen-DXS28(C7)-DXS67(B24)-DXS68(L1)-tel in human chromosome Xp21.3. Genomics 15 1612605
2019 HepG2-1A2 C2 and C7: Lentivirus vector-mediated stable and functional overexpression of cytochrome P450 1A2 in human hepatoblastoma cells. Toxicology letters 14 31706005
1995 Modulator inhibits nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor and inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line CEM C-7. Cancer research 14 7834624
2022 High Versatility of IPP and DMAPP Methyltransferases Enables Synthesis of C6 , C7 and C8 Terpenoid Building Blocks. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 13 35593726
2019 C7 peptide inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by targeting the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Cancer biology & therapy 13 31441380
2018 Membrane attack complex-associated molecules from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Molecular characterization and transcriptional evidence of C6, C7, C8β, and C9 in innate immunity. Fish & shellfish immunology 13 29981471
2012 Complement factor C7 contributes to lung immunopathology caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical & developmental immunology 13 22973398