Affinage

PLG

Plasminogen · UniProt P00747

Length
810 aa
Mass
90.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PLG (plasminogen) is the circulating zymogen whose surface-localized activation arms cells with broad-spectrum proteolytic activity that drives inflammatory cell trafficking, fibrin clearance, and tissue remodeling (PMID:21940822, PMID:33311441). A central determinant of this activity is the integral membrane plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT, which exposes a C-terminal lysine, co-localizes with uPAR, binds tissue plasminogen activator, and markedly accelerates cell-surface plasminogen activation (PMID:19897580). Through this receptor, plasminogen activation by uPA on monocyte and macrophage surfaces supports chemotactic migration, Matrigel invasion, and recruitment in peritonitis, with the highest receptor expression on proinflammatory monocyte subsets and migration that is strictly plasmin-dependent (PMID:21940822, PMID:31221672). Beyond proteolysis, plasmin/plasminogen acts as a signaling ligand: it induces transient STAT3 phosphorylation to promote M2-like macrophage polarization and efferocytosis (PMID:31316511), drives scar-associated macrophage transformation in liver fibrosis (PMID:37207518), and signals through Plg-RKT/ERK to promote muscle satellite cell expansion during caloric restriction (PMID:38442019). The fibrin-clearing arm of this system is required for wound healing and platelet-surface fibrinolysis, both demonstrably fibrin/fibrinogen-dependent (PMID:33311441, PMID:32842150), and for mammary lobuloalveolar development and lactation, loss of which is lethal to nursing offspring (PMID:27714956, PMID:29495105). Plg-RKT also restrains catecholamine secretion in chromaffin cells (PMID:21795689) and supports metabolic homeostasis, with its loss exacerbating diet-induced steatosis, insulin resistance, and reduced PPARγ expression (PMID:34897983). Genetic linkage places the Lp(a)-determining LP locus at PLG on chromosome 6q (PMID:2966760).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1988 Medium

    Before molecular dissection of plasminogen function, the genomic position of PLG was established, anchoring it to chromosome 6q and linking it to control of Lp(a) lipoprotein levels.

    Evidence Family-based linkage analysis with lod score calculation

    PMID:2966760

    Open questions at the time
    • Positional/genomic finding, not a direct assay of PLG protein function
    • Does not establish a mechanism connecting PLG to Lp(a) regulation
  2. 2009 High

    It was unknown how plasminogen is concentrated and efficiently activated at cell surfaces; identification of Plg-RKT as an integral membrane receptor exposing a C-terminal lysine, co-localizing with uPAR and binding tPA, defined the molecular platform for surface plasminogen activation.

    Evidence MudPIT proteomics, carboxypeptidase B treatment, co-localization imaging, and plasminogen activation assay

    PMID:19897580

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor structure and stoichiometry with uPAR not defined
    • Direct binding mode of plasminogen to the exposed C-terminal lysine not structurally resolved
  3. 2011 High

    To test whether the receptor is functionally required for immune cell behavior, blockade and plasminogen-null epistasis showed Plg-RKT promotes uPA-driven activation and is required for macrophage invasion, migration, and recruitment within the plasminogen pathway.

    Evidence Anti-Plg-RKT mAb blockade, Matrigel invasion and chemotaxis assays, peritonitis model, and plasminogen-null mouse epistasis

    PMID:21940822

    Open questions at the time
    • Proteolytic substrates cleaved during invasion not enumerated
    • Did not yet use a Plg-RKT knockout
  4. 2011 High

    Whether Plg-RKT acts beyond myeloid cells was addressed in catecholaminergic cells, where it associates with uPAR, enhances plasminogen activation, and negatively regulates nicotine-evoked norepinephrine release.

    Evidence GFP localization, Co-IP with uPAR, overexpression, antibody blockade, and neurosecretion assay in chromaffin/PC12 cells

    PMID:21795689

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking surface proteolysis to suppressed secretion unresolved
    • Single cell-type study without in vivo confirmation
  5. 2016 High

    Pharmacological blockade left open the in vivo necessity of the receptor; germline deletion confirmed Plg-RKT is required for macrophage plasminogen binding and recruitment, and revealed an essential role in lactation as all offspring of knockout females died neonatally.

    Evidence Homologous recombination knockout mouse, peritonitis model, plasminogen binding assay, and offspring survival analysis

    PMID:27714956

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue basis of lactation failure not yet mechanistically dissected
    • Cell-autonomous versus systemic contributions not separated
  6. 2018 High

    The neonatal lethality was traced to a mammary developmental defect: Plg-RKT loss caused fibrin accumulation, fibrotic stroma, loss of epithelial proliferation, EGF and Mcl-1 downregulation, and apoptosis, with the developmental defect only partly attributable to fibrin.

    Evidence Knockout histology, transcriptional profiling, fibrinogen genetic reduction cross, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL

    PMID:29495105

    Open questions at the time
    • Fibrin-independent component of the developmental defect remains mechanistically undefined
    • Direct link between plasmin proteolysis and EGF/Mcl-1 regulation not established
  7. 2019 High

    Whether plasminogen acts only as a protease or also as a signaling ligand was tested in macrophages: plasmin/plasminogen induced STAT3 phosphorylation and M2 polarization and supported efferocytosis, all dependent on Plg-RKT.

    Evidence Plg-/- and Plg-RKT-/- mice, BMDM culture, phospho-STAT3 blots, flow cytometry, efferocytosis assay, and pleurisy model

    PMID:31316511

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor coupling that triggers STAT3 phosphorylation not identified
    • Distinction between proteolytic and direct signaling contributions incomplete
  8. 2019 High

    To refine which cells the receptor serves, proinflammatory monocyte subsets were shown to express the most Plg-RKT, bind the most plasminogen, and migrate in a plasmin-dependent manner abolished by receptor blockade or protease inhibitors.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, anti-Plg-RKT mAb blockade, migration assays, knockout peritonitis model, and immunohistochemistry

    PMID:31221672

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional control of subset-specific Plg-RKT expression unknown
    • Pericellular substrates enabling directional migration not mapped
  9. 2020 High

    The role of the receptor in tissue repair was resolved with conditional knockouts: Plg-RKT promotes fibrin clearance during the wound proliferation phase in a fibrinogen-dependent manner, with opposing myeloid and keratinocyte contributions.

    Evidence Global and cell-type-specific knockouts, burn wound model, fibrinogen genetic reduction, fibrin immunostaining, and cytokine measurement

    PMID:33311441

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of the keratinocyte-specific acceleration (filaggrin/caspase-14) not fully explained
    • Interplay between myeloid and epithelial arms in intact wounds unresolved
  10. 2021 High

    Extending fibrinolysis to hemostatic surfaces, platelet-membrane Plg-RKT was shown to retain platelet-derived plasminogen on activated platelets via a lysine-dependent mechanism, driving local clot lysis.

    Evidence Western blot, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, knockout platelets, aminocaproic acid, and fibrin clot lysis assay

    PMID:32842150

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution to in vivo thrombus resolution not quantified
    • Regulation of platelet-surface plasminogen activation timing unknown
  11. 2021 Medium

    Whether the system contributes to metabolic homeostasis was tested with high-fat-diet knockouts, revealing worsened steatosis, insulin resistance, adipose inflammation/fibrosis, and reduced PPARγ, with receptor levels rising during adipogenesis.

    Evidence Knockout HFD model, glucose/insulin tolerance tests, 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and western blot

    PMID:34897983

    Open questions at the time
    • PPARγ placement inferred from expression, not direct regulation
    • Single-lab finding; causal mechanism linking receptor loss to insulin resistance not isolated
  12. 2023 High

    Plasminogen signaling was shown to instruct macrophage fate in fibrosis: PLG drove scar-associated macrophage transformation through Plg-RKT, and macrophage-selective receptor knockdown alleviated liver fibrosis.

    Evidence scRNA-seq, CyTOF, macrophage-selective siRNA-GeRP knockdown, BDL and CCl4 fibrosis models, and in vitro BMM PLG treatment

    PMID:37207518

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway downstream of Plg-RKT in SAM transformation not mapped
    • Single-lab finding
  13. 2024 High

    A systemic endocrine role emerged: liver-secreted plasminogen signals through Plg-RKT/ERK to drive muscle satellite cell expansion during caloric restriction, linking circulating plasminogen to regenerative capacity.

    Evidence Liver-secretome labeling (MetRSL274G), plasminogen knockdown, knockout mice, ERK assay, and CALERIE human replication

    PMID:38442019

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct receptor-to-ERK coupling not structurally defined
    • Whether plasmin proteolysis is required versus zymogen-level signaling unresolved
  14. 2021 Low

    A candidate tumor-promoting role was proposed in HBV-positive HCC, where PLG silencing induced apoptosis and suppressed xenografts, with SRC-Hippo signaling implicated downstream.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, TUNEL, and xenograft model

    PMID:33594307

    Open questions at the time
    • PLG→SRC→Hippo placement inferred from differential expression without direct binding or enzymatic validation
    • Single lab, not independently confirmed
    • No demonstration of a direct PLG-SRC interaction

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular events coupling Plg-RKT-bound plasmin(ogen) to intracellular signaling cascades (STAT3, ERK, SRC-Hippo) remain undefined — it is unresolved how a surface protease/receptor pair transduces transcriptional and proliferative signals.
  • No structural model of the Plg-RKT/uPAR/plasminogen assembly
  • Signal transduction mechanism from receptor to kinase activation unknown
  • Whether proteolytic activity is strictly required for each signaling output not separated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis 2 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2
Partners
PLATPLAUPLAUR

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 Plg-RKT (C9orf46 homolog) was identified as a novel integral membrane plasminogen receptor that exposes a C-terminal lysine on the cell surface, co-localizes with uPAR, interacts directly with tissue plasminogen activator, and markedly promotes cell surface plasminogen activation. Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) proteomics, carboxypeptidase B treatment, co-localization imaging, functional plasminogen activation assay Blood High 19897580
2011 Plg-RKT promotes plasminogen activation by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on monocyte surfaces and is required for macrophage invasion through Matrigel, chemotactic migration, and macrophage recruitment in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis; anti-Plg-RKT antibody did not further reduce macrophage recruitment in plasminogen-null mice, placing Plg-RKT in the plasminogen-dependent pathway. Anti-Plg-RKT monoclonal antibody blockade, Matrigel invasion assay, chemotaxis assay, murine peritonitis model, plasminogen-null mouse epistasis Blood High 21940822
2011 Plg-RKT is expressed on the surface of catecholaminergic cells (adrenal chromaffin cells, PC12 cells), co-immunoprecipitates with uPAR, enhances plasminogen activation, and negatively regulates nicotine-evoked norepinephrine release; overexpression decreased norepinephrine release by 51% while antibody blockade increased it. GFP fusion localization, phase partitioning, co-immunoprecipitation with uPAR, FACS, stable overexpression, antibody blockade, neurosecretion assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 21795689
2016 Genetic deletion of Plg-RKT in mice markedly decreased macrophage plasminogen binding capacity and macrophage recruitment in peritonitis; all offspring of Plg-RKT−/− females died within 2 days of birth, indicating Plg-RKT is required for lactation and species survival. Homologous recombination knockout mouse, peritonitis model, plasminogen binding assay, survival analysis of offspring Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH High 27714956
2018 Plg-RKT is essential for mammary lobuloalveolar development and lactogenesis; Plg-RKT−/− glands showed fibrin accumulation in alveoli and ducts, hypertrophic fibrotic stroma, macrophage infiltration, 12-fold downregulation of EGF, absent epithelial cell proliferation, downregulated Mcl-1, and increased apoptosis. Fibrinogen heterozygosity decreased fibrin accumulation but did not rescue lobuloalveolar development defects. Knockout mouse model, histology, transcriptional profiling, fibrinogen genetic reduction cross, immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH High 29495105
2019 Plasminogen (PLG) and plasmin (Pla) induced transient STAT3 phosphorylation and promoted M2-like macrophage polarization (increased CD206/Arginase-1, IL-10/TGF-β); Plg-RKT deletion impaired IL-4- and IL-10-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and M2 polarization, and decreased efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in vivo and in vitro. Plg−/− and Plg-RKT−/− mouse models, BMDM culture, phospho-STAT3 western blot, flow cytometry, efferocytosis assay, murine pleurisy model Frontiers in immunology High 31316511
2019 Proinflammatory CD14++CD16+ human monocytes and Ly6Chigh mouse monocytes express the highest levels of Plg-RKT, bind more plasminogen, and their directional migration is plasmin-dependent and abolished by anti-Plg-RKT mAb, ε-aminocaproic acid, aprotinin, or the aminoterminal fragment of uPA; Plg-RKT−/− mice showed significantly reduced Ly6Chigh monocyte recruitment in peritonitis. Flow cytometry, anti-Plg-RKT mAb blockade, migration assay, Plg-RKT−/− mouse peritonitis model, immunohistochemistry Blood High 31221672
2020 Plg-RKT deletion delayed wound healing during the proliferation phase; fibrin clearance was significantly impaired in Plg-RKT−/− wound tissue; reducing fibrinogen levels 50% completely abrogated the wound healing delay, demonstrating that Plg-RKT's role in wound healing is fibrinogen/fibrin-dependent. Myeloid-specific Plg-RKT deletion delayed healing while keratinocyte-specific deletion accelerated it, with upregulation of filaggrin and caspase-14. Global and cell-type-specific conditional knockout mice, standardized burn wound model, fibrinogen genetic reduction, fibrin immunostaining, cytokine measurement Cell death & disease High 33311441
2021 Plg-RKT is present in platelet membranes (17-kDa band by western blot) and co-localizes with platelet-derived plasminogen on activated platelet surfaces; Plg-RKT−/− platelets show significantly attenuated plasminogen exposure upon activation; platelet-derived plasminogen is retained on the activated platelet membrane via a lysine-dependent mechanism and drives local fibrinolysis. Western blotting, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, Plg-RKT−/− mice, ε-aminocaproic acid treatment, fluorescent fibrin clot lysis assay Blood High 32842150
2021 Plg-RKT−/− mice fed a high-fat diet gained more weight, developed more hepatic steatosis, and were more insulin resistant/glucose intolerant than controls; mechanistically linked to increased adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage/T-cell accumulation, adipose and hepatic fibrosis, decreased insulin signaling, and reduced PPARγ expression. Plg-RKT levels dramatically increase during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Plg-RKT−/− mouse HFD model, glucose/insulin tolerance tests, 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, western blot Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH Medium 34897983
2023 PLG signaling through Plg-RKT drives phenotypic transformation of scar-associated macrophages (SAMs) in liver fibrosis; in vitro, PLG-treated bone marrow macrophages adopted a SAM gene expression profile, and knockdown of Plg-RKT blocked this effect; selective Plg-RKT knockdown in intrahepatic macrophages in vivo reduced SAM numbers and alleviated BDL- and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. scRNA-seq, CyTOF, siRNA-GeRP macrophage-selective knockdown, BDL and CCl4 mouse fibrosis models, in vitro BMM treatment with PLG Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease High 37207518
2024 Liver-secreted plasminogen is required for muscle satellite cell (SC) expansion during caloric restriction; knockdown of circulating plasminogen prevents SC expansion; loss of Plg-RKT is sufficient to prevent CR-related SC expansion, consistent with direct signaling of plasminogen through Plg-RKT/ERK kinase to promote SC proliferation. MetRSL274G transgenic mouse (non-canonical amino acid labeling of liver secretome), plasminogen knockdown, Plg-RKT−/− mice, ERK signaling assay, CALERIE human trial replication Cell reports High 38442019
1988 Genetic linkage analysis established that the LP locus (determining Lp(a) lipoprotein levels) is linked to the PLG locus (peak lod score = 12.73), assigning both to chromosome 6q. Family-based linkage analysis, lod score calculation Human genetics Medium 2966760
2021 PLG silencing in HBV-positive HCC cells promoted apoptosis and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo through inhibiting HBV replication; SRC was identified as a downstream target upregulated by PLG, and PLG was proposed to promote HCC progression by activating the SRC-Hippo signaling axis. siRNA knockdown, qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, subcutaneous xenograft model American journal of translational research Low 33594307

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Proteomics-based discovery of a novel, structurally unique, and developmentally regulated plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, a major regulator of cell surface plasminogen activation. Blood 118 19897580
2017 Tolerogenic Ag-PLG nanoparticles induce tregs to suppress activated diabetogenic CD4 and CD8 T cells. Journal of autoimmunity 90 29258717
2005 Encapsulation of the immune potentiators MPL and RC529 in PLG microparticles enhances their potency. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 88 16360956
1981 Effect of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy and dopamine/neuroleptic receptor bindings. Peptides 83 6113579
2005 Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune response with intranasal immunization of mice with HIV peptides entrapped in PLG microparticles in combination with Ulex Europaeus-I lectin as M cell target. Vaccine 82 16099080
2011 Regulation of macrophage migration by a novel plasminogen receptor Plg-R KT. Blood 79 21940822
1995 Synthetic delivery system for tuberculosis vaccines: immunological evaluation of the M. tuberculosis 38 kDa protein entrapped in biodegradable PLG microparticles. Vaccine 71 8578845
1998 Monitoring microviscosity and microacidity of the albumin microenvironment inside degrading microparticles from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) or ABA-triblock polymers containing hydrophobic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) A blocks and hydrophilic poly(ethyleneoxide) B blocks. Pharmaceutical research 68 9619791
2000 Incorporation of protein in PLG-microspheres with retention of bioactivity. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 67 10825551
2013 PLG scaffold delivered antigen-specific regulatory T cells induce systemic tolerance in autoimmune diabetes. Tissue engineering. Part A 62 23432371
2019 Plasminogen and the Plasminogen Receptor, Plg-RKT, Regulate Macrophage Phenotypic, and Functional Changes. Frontiers in immunology 60 31316511
2004 Intranasal immunisation with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite antigen encapsulated into PLG microspheres induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity in sheep. Vaccine 60 15364441
1988 Linkage between the loci for the Lp(a) lipoprotein (LP) and plasminogen (PLG). Human genetics 58 2966760
2010 Identification of three novel plasminogen (PLG) gene mutations in a series of 23 patients with low PLG activity. Thrombosis and haemostasis 48 21174000
2007 Patterned PLG substrates for localized DNA delivery and directed neurite extension. Biomaterials 47 17324456
2015 Chlorogenic Acid Maintains Glucose Homeostasis through Modulating the Expression of SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and PLG in Different Intestinal Segments of Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 46 26777909
2018 Localized immune tolerance from FasL-functionalized PLG scaffolds. Biomaterials 43 30458362
2011 Permanent protection of PLG scaffold transplanted allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic mice treated with ECDI-fixed donor splenocyte infusions. Biomaterials 43 21458857
2010 Genetic variation in LPAL2, LPA, and PLG predicts plasma lipoprotein(a) level and carotid artery disease risk. Stroke 41 21127300
2007 Macromolecule release from monodisperse PLG microspheres: control of release rates and investigation of release mechanism. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 41 17455338
1984 Linkage of plasma alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA2) and the plasminogen (PLG) system. Clinical genetics 40 6590153
2005 An investigation of the factors controlling the adsorption of protein antigens to anionic PLG microparticles. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 37 16200615
2004 A novel injectable approach for cartilage formation in vivo using PLG microspheres. Annals of biomedical engineering 36 15095816
2004 Adsorption of a novel recombinant glycoprotein from HIV (Env gp120dV2 SF162) to anionic PLG microparticles retains the structural integrity of the protein, whereas encapsulation in PLG microparticles does not. Pharmaceutical research 36 15648244
2014 Enhancing human islet transplantation by localized release of trophic factors from PLG scaffolds. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 35 24909237
2012 Tolerance strategies employing antigen-coupled apoptotic cells and carboxylated PLG nanoparticles for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The review of diabetic studies : RDS 34 23804269
2008 The potency of the adjuvant, CpG oligos, is enhanced by encapsulation in PLG microparticles. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 34 17683059
2004 Enhanced protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine by adsorption onto cationic PLG microparticles. Vaccine 34 15309815
2016 Deficiency of plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT , causes defects in plasminogen binding and inflammatory macrophage recruitment in vivo. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 33 27714956
2014 New insights into the role of Plg-RKT in macrophage recruitment. International review of cell and molecular biology 33 24529725
2010 Consecutive low doses of cyclophosphamide preferentially target Tregs and potentiate T cell responses induced by DNA PLG microparticle immunization. Cellular immunology 33 20206921
2003 The effect of CTAB concentration in cationic PLG microparticles on DNA adsorption and in vivo performance. Pharmaceutical research 32 12636163
1997 Modulation of dopamine receptor agonist-induced rotational behavior in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats by a peptidomimetic analogue of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG). Peptides 32 9396063
1985 Mesolimbic and striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity: prophylactic and reversal effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG). Peptides 32 2863809
2011 Relationship of vaccine efficacy to the kinetics of DC and T-cell responses induced by PLG-based cancer vaccines. Biomatter 31 23507728
1990 Modulation of high-affinity CNS dopamine D2 receptor by L-pro-L-leu-glycinamide (PLG) analogue 3(R)-(N-L-prolylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 31 1981396
2008 Layered PLG scaffolds for in vivo plasmid delivery. Biomaterials 27 18929408
1993 Isolation and purification of propionicin PLG-1, a bacteriocin produced by a strain of Propionibacterium thoenii. Applied and environmental microbiology 27 8439170
2019 Optimizing PLG nanoparticle-peptide delivery platforms for transplantation tolerance using an allogeneic skin transplant model. Biomaterials 26 31077862
2019 Differential expression of Plg-RKT and its effects on migration of proinflammatory monocyte and macrophage subsets. Blood 26 31221672
2014 Genetic variants in PLG, LPA, and SIGLEC 14 as well as smoking contribute to plasma plasminogen levels. Blood 26 25208887
2005 Nerve growth factor expression by PLG-mediated lipofection. Biomaterials 26 16316681
2013 A PLG/HAp composite scaffold for lentivirus delivery. Biomaterials 25 23602363
1999 Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses following oral immunization with synthetic peptides encapsulated in PLG microparticles. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 25 10528070
2011 The novel plasminogen receptor, plasminogen receptor(KT) (Plg-R(KT)), regulates catecholamine release. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 21795689
1998 Protection against MPTP treatment by an analog of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG, MIF-1). Peptides 24 9493876
2022 PLG nanoparticles target fibroblasts and MARCO+ monocytes to reverse multiorgan fibrosis. JCI insight 23 35104243
2020 Functions of the plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 23 32662180
2008 LPA and PLG sequence variation and kringle IV-2 copy number in two populations. Human heredity 23 18612205
2010 Cationic surface modification of PLG nanoparticles offers sustained gene delivery to pulmonary epithelial cells. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 21 19911425
2021 Exposure of plasminogen and a novel plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, on activated human and murine platelets. Blood 20 32842150
2020 The plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, plays a role in inflammation and fibrinolysis during cutaneous wound healing in mice. Cell death & disease 20 33311441
2011 The efficacy of intracranial PLG-based vaccines is dependent on direct implantation into brain tissue. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 20 21704093
1982 CNS putative L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) receptors, brain and lymphocyte dopamine receptors. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 20 6298884
2004 Design, synthesis and evaluation of a PLG tripeptidomimetic based on a pyridine scaffold. Journal of medicinal chemistry 19 15588094
1987 Down-regulation of haloperidol-induced striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity by active analogues of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG). Peptides 19 2893360
2012 The plasminogen receptor, Plg-R(KT), and macrophage function. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 17 23125524
2006 Development of hepatitis B oral vaccine using B-cell epitope loaded PLG microparticles. Vaccine 17 16713035
1997 The immune response to a model antigen associated with PLG microparticles prepared using different surfactants. Vaccine 17 9413098
1996 Mucosal immunization with a measles virus CTL epitope encapsulated in biodegradable PLG microparticles. Journal of immunological methods 17 8814328
2007 Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles modify the immune response to DNA vaccination. Vaccine 16 18191308
1999 Synthesis and dopamine receptor modulating activity of unsubstituted and substituted triproline analogues of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 16 10476867
1998 Beta-analogs of PLG (L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide): ex-chiral pool syntheses and dopamine D2 receptor modulating effects. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 16 9873642
1992 Serum protein polymorphisms in Arab Moslems and Druze of Israel: BF, F13B, AHSG, GC, PLG, PI, and TF. Human biology 16 1644425
2013 Synthesis and allosteric modulation of the dopamine receptor by peptide analogs of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) modified in the L-proline or L-proline and L-leucine scaffolds. European journal of medicinal chemistry 15 24013414
2018 The plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, is essential for mammary lobuloalveolar development and lactation. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 14 29495105
2016 Novel l-prolyl-l-leucylglycinamide (PLG) tripeptidomimetics based on a 2-azanorbornane scaffold as positive allosteric modulators of the D2R. Organic & biomolecular chemistry 14 27830864
2010 In vivo electroporation enhances the potency of poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLG) plasmid DNA immunization. Vaccine 14 20943208
2008 Characterization of antigens adsorbed to anionic PLG microparticles by XPS and TOF-SIMS. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 14 17724659
2005 A novel osteotropic biomaterial OG-PLG: in vitro efficacy. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 14 15962265
2005 A novel osteotropic biomaterial OG-PLG: Synthesis and in vitro release. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 14 15981201
1992 Genetic mapping of three human homologues of murine t-complex genes localizes TCP10 to 6q27, 15 cM distal to TCP1 and PLG. Genomics 14 1572657
2023 Plasma exosomal protein PLG and SERPINA1 in colorectal cancer diagnosis and coagulation abnormalities. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 13 37093347
1983 Are the pharmacological effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) mediated through specific receptor mechanisms? Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 13 6141616
2016 The preparation and characterization of PLG nanoparticles with an entrapped synthetic TLR7 agonist and their preclinical evaluation as adjuvant for an adsorbed DTaP vaccine. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 11 27224856
2024 Liver-derived plasminogen mediates muscle stem cell expansion during caloric restriction through the plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT. Cell reports 10 38442019
2023 Single-cell RNA seq identifies Plg-RKT-PLG as signals inducing phenotypic transformation of scar-associated macrophage in liver fibrosis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 10 37207518
2021 PLG inhibits Hippo signaling pathway through SRC in the hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular-carcinoma progression. American journal of translational research 10 33594307
2008 Synthesis and evaluation of novel pyridine based PLG tripeptidomimetics. Organic & biomolecular chemistry 10 18421399
2009 Preparation, physiochemical characterization, and oral immunogenicity of Abeta(1-12), Abeta(29-40), and Abeta(1-42) loaded PLG microparticles formulations. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 9 18980172
2008 Encapsulated zinc salt increases the diffusion of protein through PLG films. International journal of pharmaceutics 9 19073244
1991 Linkage of plasminogen (PLG) and apolipoprotein(a) (LPA) in baboons. Genomics 9 1783400
2021 The plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT regulates adipose function and metabolic homeostasis. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 8 34897983
2021 Tolerance Induced by Antigen-Loaded PLG Nanoparticles Affects the Phenotype and Trafficking of Transgenic CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Cells 8 34943952
2020 Multi-omic studies on missense PLG variants in families with otitis media. Scientific reports 8 32929111
2014 Root dentin anomaly and a PLG mutation. European journal of medical genetics 8 25281489
2025 Single-cell multi-omics reveals that FABP1 + renal cell carcinoma drive tumor angiogenesis through the PLG-PLAT axis under fatty acid reprogramming. Molecular cancer 7 40518526
2022 Plg-RKT Expression in Human Breast Cancer Tissues. Biomolecules 7 35454092
2003 PLG regulates hnRNP-L expression in the rat striatum and pre-frontal cortex: identification by ddPCR. Peptides 7 12576095
2024 Integrative analysis of multi-omics data identified PLG as key gene related to Anoikis resistance and immune phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of translational medicine 6 39633373
2004 Measuring the heterogeneity of protein loading in PLG microspheres using flow cytometry. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 6 15063041
1984 Parentage testing using the serum protein plasminogen (PLG). American journal of clinical pathology 6 6507385
2022 Case-only design identifies interactions of genetic risk variants at SIGLEC5 and PLG with the lncRNA CTD-2353F22.1 implying the importance of periodontal wound healing for disease aetiology. Journal of clinical periodontology 5 36129033
2022 Distinct Expression Patterns of Genes Coding for Biological Response Modifiers Involved in Inflammatory Responses and Development of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C: Upregulation of SMAD-6 and MMP-8 and Downregulation of CAV-1, CTGF, CEBPB, PLG, TIMP-3, MMP-1, ITGA-1, ITGA-2 and LOX. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 5 36556936
2015 Ligneous membranitis in Scottish Terriers is associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in the plasminogen (PLG) gene. Animal genetics 5 26360520
2008 Enhanced immune response of DNA vaccine (VP1-pCDNA) adsorbed on cationic PLG for foot and mouth disease in guinea pigs. Virus genes 5 18516668
2008 Differential expression of plg genes from Penicillium griseoroseum: plg1 a pectinolytic gene is expressed in sucrose and yeast extract. Journal of applied microbiology 5 19146495
2001 Detection of the bacteriocin propionicin PLG-1 with polyvalent anti-PLG-1 antiserum. Applied and environmental microbiology 5 11319106
1996 Long-Term Storage Stability of the Bacteriocin Propionicin PLG-1 Produced by Propionibacterium thoenii and Potential as a Food Preservative †. Journal of food protection 5 31159064
1992 Genetic serum protein polymorphisms in Jordanian Arabs: a pilot study of the systems AHSG, BF, F XIII B, GC, PI, PLG and TF. Gene geography : a computerized bulletin on human gene frequencies 5 1299313

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