Affinage

BMP6

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 · UniProt P22004

Length
513 aa
Mass
57.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BMP6 is a secreted, proteolytically processed TGF-β superfamily morphogen that serves as the principal iron-responsive ligand of the hepatic BMP/Smad1/5/8 axis controlling systemic iron homeostasis (PMID:19252486, PMID:19252488, PMID:8089189). Genetic ablation of Bmp6 in mice produces a hereditary hemochromatosis-like phenotype with multi-organ iron overload, loss of hepatic phospho-Smad1/5/8 and Smad nuclear translocation, and severely reduced hepcidin synthesis, establishing BMP6 as functionally non-redundant for activating this pathway (PMID:19252486, PMID:19252488). BMP6 physically binds the co-receptor hemojuvelin (HJV), which selectively facilitates BMP6 signal transduction to hepcidin, and signals through type I/type II serine-threonine kinase receptors to drive Smad-dependent transcription (PMID:19252486, PMID:17924656, PMID:30213871). Iron loading induces Bmp6 expression in liver non-parenchymal cells—predominantly sinusoidal endothelial cells—which sense non-transferrin-bound iron through Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and act paracrinally on hepatocytes, with circulating and tissue iron pools differentially engaging the pathway (PMID:21488083, PMID:31276102, PMID:36351237, PMID:23565256, PMID:20952515). The pathway is embedded in feedback and regulatory loops: BMP6 induces TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 via Id1 as a negative-feedback brake on hepcidin, while erythroferrone suppresses signaling by sequestering BMP6 as a ligand trap (PMID:30097509, PMID:21622652). Beyond iron, BMP6 acts as an osteoinductive and chondrogenic morphogen on mesenchymal cells, cooperating with BMP2/BMP5/BMP7 in bone formation and cardiac cushion development (PMID:8089189, PMID:7547504, PMID:11437450, PMID:16109715, PMID:9664685), drives keratinocyte terminal differentiation through an E2F-5/p130/HDAC1 switch (PMID:11319226), directs endothelial filopodial assembly and directional migration via myosin-X (PMID:18158328), and modulates Smad/Id1-dependent programs in ovarian granulosa-cell steroidogenesis and in multiple cancers (PMID:19308091, PMID:18072288, PMID:24751708, PMID:29750278). Heterozygous missense mutations in the BMP6 pro-peptide domain impair secretion and downstream Smad signaling, causing loss of hepcidin production and iron overload in patients (PMID:26582087).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2007 High

    Established the structural and biophysical basis for BMP6 signaling by showing it directly engages type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors to drive Smad activation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, surface plasmon resonance, and Smad-based luciferase reporter

    PMID:17924656

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the iron-specific receptor configuration in vivo
    • No co-receptor (HJV) interaction defined at this stage
  2. 2009 High

    Answered which BMP ligand controls iron homeostasis by identifying BMP6 as the non-redundant endogenous activator of hepatic BMP/Smad signaling that drives hepcidin, with HJV as its binding co-receptor.

    Evidence HJV.Fc–BMP6 pulldown, neutralizing antibody in vivo, and Bmp6-/- mice with iron/hepcidin readouts (two companion papers)

    PMID:19252486 PMID:19252488

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular source of iron-induced BMP6 not resolved
    • Mechanism of iron-to-Bmp6-transcription coupling unknown
  3. 2009 Medium

    Distinguished ligand regulation from signal transduction by showing HFE acts downstream of BMP6 (facilitating signaling), since Hfe-/- mice raise Bmp6 but fail to raise phospho-Smad/Id1.

    Evidence Hfe-/- mouse, phospho-Smad and Id1 readouts versus secondary iron overload

    PMID:19622835

    Open questions at the time
    • Epistatic placement rests on a negative pSmad finding
    • Molecular interaction of HFE with the receptor complex undefined
  4. 2010 Medium

    Localized the iron-responsive BMP6 source by demonstrating iron induces Bmp6 in liver but not duodenum across strains.

    Evidence Dietary iron and Hfe-/- models, qRT-PCR, IHC, Western blot

    PMID:20952515

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific liver cell type not yet pinpointed
    • Iron-sensing transducer to Bmp6 promoter unknown
  5. 2011 High

    Separated circulating from tissue iron signals, showing liver iron correlates with Bmp6 mRNA while transferrin saturation activates Smad without inducing Bmp6, refining how two iron pools tune the pathway.

    Evidence Acute/chronic iron loading in mice, qRT-PCR, phospho-Smad/Erk Western blot, correlation analysis

    PMID:21488083

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular sensors for the two iron pools not identified
    • Erk pathway role excluded but alternative non-Smad arms untested
  6. 2011 High

    Defined a negative-feedback brake by showing BMP6 induces TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 through Id1, limiting hepcidin output.

    Evidence In vitro BMP6 treatment, Id1 siRNA, in vivo BMP6 injection and anti-BMP6 antibody

    PMID:21622652

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative contribution of this loop to systemic iron set-point unclear
  7. 2013 Medium

    Refined the cellular source to liver non-parenchymal cells (hepatic stellate cells) responding to transferrin-bound iron rather than hepatocytes.

    Evidence Cell fractionation, isolated stellate cell iron treatment, qRT-PCR

    PMID:23565256

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional rescue confirming stellate-cell BMP6 drives hepcidin
    • Conflicts with later endothelial-source data — cell-type attribution unsettled
  8. 2017 High

    Established cooperative but distinct roles for endothelial BMP2 versus BMP6, with BMP6 absolutely required for the acute serum-iron response.

    Evidence Endothelial-conditional Bmp2 KO, Bmp6-/-, acute gavage versus dietary loading, anti-BMP2/4 antibody (companion studies)

    PMID:28815688 PMID:30478858

    Open questions at the time
    • How BMP2 and BMP6 form functional heterodimers/complexes in vivo not defined
  9. 2017 High

    Used genetic epistasis to show BMP6 can signal to hepcidin partially independently of HJV and that baseline BMP/Smad tone sets the inflammatory hepcidin ceiling.

    Evidence Bmp6-/-;Hjv-/- double-knockout mice, phospho-Smad, qRT-PCR, LPS challenge

    PMID:29021231

    Open questions at the time
    • HJV-independent receptor route not molecularly identified
    • Sex-specific differences mechanistically unexplained
  10. 2018 High

    Identified erythroferrone as a ligand trap that preferentially sequesters BMP6 (and BMP5/7), explaining erythroid suppression of hepcidin.

    Evidence Cell-free HTRF competition, in vitro SMAD1/5/8 assay, EPO/ERFE mouse experiments, anti-ERFE rescue

    PMID:30097509

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structural basis of ERFE–BMP6 trapping not resolved
  11. 2018 High

    Showed HJV selectively facilitates BMP6 (not BMP2 or IL-6/Stat) signaling and is required for BMP6/IL-6 synergy during inflammation.

    Evidence Hjv-/- primary hepatocytes, BMP6/BMP2 stimulation, phospho-Smad/Stat3 Western blot, in vivo infection models

    PMID:30213871

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of HJV's BMP6 selectivity undefined
  12. 2019 High

    Resolved the iron-sensing-to-transcription link by showing Nrf2, activated by iron-induced mitochondrial pro-oxidants in LSECs, drives Bmp6 expression.

    Evidence Nrf2-/- mice, iron loading, pharmacological Nrf2 activation, oxidative stress measurements

    PMID:31276102

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Nrf2 binding to the Bmp6 promoter not demonstrated here
    • Other transcriptional inputs not excluded
  13. 2023 High

    Pinpointed LSECs as the dominant Bmp6-expressing cell and showed they sense NTBI via Nrf2 with a Tfr1 contribution under low iron, acting paracrinally on hepatocytes.

    Evidence Endothelial-specific Tfrc KO, single-cell transcriptomics, NTBI measurement, qRT-PCR

    PMID:36351237

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with earlier stellate-cell attribution incomplete
    • NTBI uptake transporter beyond Tfr1 not fully defined
  14. 2015 Medium

    Defined the BMP6 pro-peptide as essential for secretion and signaling, linking heterozygous missense mutations to human iron overload.

    Evidence Cell transfection of mutant versus wild-type BMP6, secretion imaging, phospho-Smad, serum hepcidin by LC-MS/MS, patient biopsy

    PMID:26582087

    Open questions at the time
    • Penetrance and population-level disease contribution not established
    • Processing protease for the pro-peptide not identified
  15. 2020 Medium

    Characterized BMP6 heparan-sulfate binding via N- and C-terminal basic residues, defining matrix sequestration of the ligand.

    Evidence Solid-phase heparin binding, microcantilever, CHO-K1 HS binding, site-directed mutagenesis, MD simulation

    PMID:33232799

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological consequence of HS binding for iron signaling untested in vivo

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular logic linking receptor selection (ALK2/ALK3/ALK6, type II receptors, RGMb), co-receptor context, and tissue-specific BMP6 outputs across iron, bone, skin, vasculature, and reproduction remains incompletely unified.
  • No integrated model of how a single ligand achieves distinct tissue programs
  • Receptor usage often inferred from Fc-fusion competition without mutagenesis
  • Cancer and steroidogenic roles rest largely on single-lab Medium/Low evidence

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0031012 extracellular matrix 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 2
Partners
ALK2ALK3ERFEHJVMYO10RGMBTMPRSS6

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 BMP6 is an endogenous ligand for hemojuvelin (HJV) that regulates hepcidin expression and iron metabolism in vivo. Physical interaction between HJV.Fc and BMP6 was demonstrated, and Bmp6-null mice develop hereditary hemochromatosis-like phenotype with reduced hepcidin expression and tissue iron overload. A neutralizing antibody to BMP6 inhibits hepcidin expression and increases serum iron in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown (HJV.Fc–BMP6 physical interaction), neutralizing antibody in vivo, Bmp6-/- mouse knockout with phenotypic readout (serum iron, tissue iron, hepcidin mRNA) Nature genetics High 19252486
2009 Targeted disruption of Bmp6 in mice causes massive iron overload in liver, exocrine pancreas, heart, and renal tubules with markedly reduced hepatic phospho-Smad1/5/8, failure of Smad nuclear translocation, and severely reduced hepcidin synthesis, demonstrating BMP6 is functionally non-redundant for activating the BMP/Smad signaling axis that drives hepcidin expression. Bmp6 knockout mouse; Western blot (phospho-Smad1/5/8); immunohistochemistry (Smad nuclear translocation); quantitative RT-PCR (hepcidin mRNA); tissue iron measurements Nature genetics High 19252488
2007 Crystal structure of BMP-6 was solved, and surface plasmon resonance showed BMP-6 binds type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. BMP-6 signaling capability served as a reference comparator demonstrating its receptor binding mediates Smad-based signaling in whole-cell luciferase assays. X-ray crystallography; surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore); Smad-based whole-cell luciferase assay Biochemistry High 17924656
2011 Liver iron content independently and positively correlates with hepatic Bmp6 mRNA expression and Smad1/5/8 signaling, whereas transferrin saturation activates downstream Smad1/5/8 signaling without inducing Bmp6 mRNA, indicating that circulating and tissue iron differentially regulate the BMP6-Smad pathway to control hepcidin. The Erk1/2 MAPK pathway is not activated by iron in vivo. In vivo acute and chronic iron administration in mice; quantitative RT-PCR (Bmp6 mRNA, Smad7, hepcidin); Western blot (phospho-Smad1/5/8, phospho-Erk1/2); correlation analysis of transferrin saturation vs. liver iron content Hepatology High 21488083
2018 Erythroferrone (ERFE) suppresses hepcidin by acting as a ligand trap that preferentially binds BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7, inhibiting hepatic BMP/Smad signaling. Cell-free HTRF competition assays showed BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7 compete with anti-ERFE for binding to ERFE, and recombinant ERFE specifically abrogated hepcidin induction by BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7 but not BMP2, BMP4, or BMP9. Cell-free homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) competition binding assay; in vitro SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation assay; in vivo EPO/ERFE mouse experiments; neutralizing anti-ERFE antibody rescue Blood High 30097509
2019 Nrf2 is activated by iron-induced mitochondria-derived pro-oxidants in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and drives Bmp6 expression, which in turn increases hepcidin synthesis in neighboring hepatocytes. Nrf2 knockout mice show impaired Bmp6-hepcidin response to iron. Pharmacological Nrf2 activation stimulates the Bmp6-hepcidin axis. Nrf2 knockout mouse; in vivo iron loading (oral and parenteral); quantitative RT-PCR; pharmacological Nrf2 activation; cell fractionation/oxidative stress measurements Nature metabolism High 31276102
2023 Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) sense non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and induce Bmp6 expression via Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, which then acts paracrinally on hepatocytes to induce hepcidin. Endothelial-specific Tfr1 ablation (TfrcTek-Cre mice) showed Tfr1 contributes to iron sensing by LSECs, particularly under low-iron conditions, and single-cell transcriptomics confirmed LSECs as the predominant Bmp6-expressing liver cell type. Conditional endothelial-specific Tfr1 knockout mouse (TfrcTek-Cre); single-cell transcriptomics; quantitative RT-PCR (Bmp6, Hamp); serum NTBI measurement; correlation analysis Blood High 36351237
2017 BMP2, expressed predominantly in liver endothelial cells, plays a non-redundant role in hepcidin regulation in addition to BMP6. Endothelial-conditional Bmp2 knockout mice have hepcidin deficiency and iron overload. However, BMP6 is absolutely required for hepcidin induction by serum iron (acute oral iron gavage fails to induce hepcidin in Bmp6-/- mice), whereas BMP2 has at least a partially redundant role. Conditional endothelial Bmp2 knockout mouse; Bmp6-/- mouse; acute oral iron gavage vs. chronic dietary iron loading; neutralizing BMP2/4 antibody; quantitative RT-PCR (hepcidin, Smad targets) American journal of hematology High 28815688 30478858
2011 BMP6 stimulates TMPRSS6 (matriptase-2) expression at mRNA and protein levels and increases matriptase-2 activity in vitro. Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) is identified as the key BMP-Smad pathway element mediating TMPRSS6 regulation by BMP6. In vivo, Tmprss6 mRNA is induced by chronic iron treatment or BMP6 injection and is blocked by anti-BMP6 neutralizing antibody, establishing a negative feedback loop. In vitro BMP6 treatment (RT-PCR, Western blot, matriptase-2 activity assay); siRNA knockdown of Id1; in vivo BMP6 injection and neutralizing antibody; quantitative RT-PCR Blood High 21622652
2018 Hemojuvelin (HJV) is required for BMP6/Smad signaling to hepcidin; Hjv-/- primary hepatocytes show severely impaired BMP6/Smad signaling (but not IL-6/Stat or BMP2/Smad signaling), abolishing synergism with IL-6/Stat during inflammation. This establishes that Hjv selectively facilitates BMP6 signal transduction. Hjv-/- mouse; primary murine hepatocyte culture; BMP6 and BMP2 stimulation; Western blot (phospho-Smad, phospho-Stat3); hepcidin mRNA quantification; LPS, FSL1, and E. coli infection in vivo Blood High 30213871
2017 Deletion of Bmp6 in Hjv-/- mice further represses Smad signaling and hepcidin expression in the liver, indicating BMP6 can signal to hepcidin partially independently of HJV in female mice. This genetic epistasis also demonstrated that baseline BMP/Smad signaling determines the level of hepcidin reached after LPS challenge, consistent with synergy between IL-6/Stat3 and BMP/Smad pathways. Bmp6-/-;Hjv-/- double-knockout mouse (genetic epistasis); quantitative RT-PCR; Western blot (phospho-Smad); LPS challenge; tissue iron measurement Blood High 29021231
2009 BMP6/HFE epistasis: Hfe-deficient mice with iron overload show increased Bmp6 mRNA and protein but do NOT show increased phospho-Smad1/5/8 or Id1 (BMP signaling indicators), unlike mice with secondary iron overload. This indicates HFE facilitates signal transduction downstream of the BMP6 ligand, rather than regulating Bmp6 expression. Hfe-/- mouse; Western blot (phospho-Smad1/5/8); quantitative RT-PCR (Id1, hepcidin, Bmp6); comparison to secondary iron-overload mice Blood Medium 19622835
2013 Iron-induced Bmp6 mRNA expression is localized to non-parenchymal liver cells (primarily hepatic stellate cells), not hepatocytes. Iron-saturated transferrin induces Bmp6 mRNA in isolated hepatic stellate cells but not hepatocytes, suggesting non-parenchymal cells are the primary source of BMP6 for paracrine hepcidin regulation. In vivo dietary iron loading; cell fractionation into hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells; quantitative RT-PCR; isolated hepatic stellate cell treatment with iron-saturated transferrin PloS one Medium 23565256
2010 Iron overload induces Bmp6 mRNA and protein expression in the liver but NOT in the duodenum across three mouse strains, establishing liver as the iron-responsive source of BMP6 for hepcidin regulation. Iron-enriched diet and Hfe-/- mouse models; quantitative RT-PCR; immunohistochemistry; Western blot for Bmp6 protein in liver and duodenum Haematologica Medium 20952515
1994 Recombinant VGR-1/BMP-6 protein is secreted and proteolytically processed to yield the mature molecule. Continuous secretion of BMP-6 from tumor cells in vivo induces surrounding host mesenchymal cells to undergo endochondral bone formation, establishing BMP-6 as a secreted bone-inductive morphogen acting on mesenchymal cells. CHO cell overexpression of recombinant murine BMP-6; Western blot (secretion and processing); subcutaneous injection in athymic nude mice; histological analysis of cartilage and bone formation The Journal of cell biology Medium 8089189
1995 VGR-1/BMP-6 overexpression in pluripotent mesenchymal ROB-C26 cells induces osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and the extracellular matrix from these cells induces ectopic bone formation in vivo. This osteoinductive effect requires BMP-6 presentation within the matrix (not soluble BMP-6) and is blocked by neutralizing BMP-6 antibody but not by anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Stable transfection of ROB-C26 cells; neutralizing antibody blockade (anti-BMP6 vs. anti-TGF-β1); in vivo ectopic bone formation assay; MyoD overexpression competition experiment Cell growth & differentiation Medium 7547504
2019 Deubiquitinase PSMD14 stabilizes the ALK2 type I BMP receptor by removing K48-linked ubiquitin chains added by Smurf1 E3 ligase, thereby preventing proteasomal degradation of ALK2 and sustaining BMP6 signaling pathway initiation. Human DUB siRNA library screen; immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assay; immunoblot; in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer xenograft model EBioMedicine Medium 31685442
2007 BMP6-induced myosin-X (Myo10) localizes in filopodia and is required for BMP-dependent filopodial assembly, endothelial cell alignment and directional migration toward BMP6 gradients, and BMP6-dependent Smad activation. BMP6 receptor ALK6 co-localizes with Myo10 in filopodia in a BMP6-dependent manner and both exhibit intrafilopodial motility. Microarray (Myo10 as BMP6 target); siRNA knockdown of Myo10; co-localization imaging (confocal microscopy); directional migration assay; Western blot (Smad activation) The Journal of cell biology Medium 18158328
2012 Estrogen regulates hepcidin expression via GPR30 (7-transmembrane estrogen receptor)-dependent upregulation of BMP6 in hepatocytes. GPR30 siRNA abolishes E2-induced hepcidin and BMP6 expression; GPR30 agonist G1 recapitulates E2 effects on BMP6 and hepcidin in vivo in ovariectomized mice. Ovariectomized mouse model; HepG2 cell culture; GPR30 siRNA knockdown; GPR30 agonist G1 treatment; quantitative RT-PCR; in vivo estrogen/G1 supplementation PloS one Medium 22792339
2015 Heterozygous missense mutations in the BMP6 pro-peptide domain (p.Pro95Ser, p.Leu96Pro, p.Gln113Glu) cause defective BMP6 secretion, reduced SMAD1/5/8 signaling, and loss of hepcidin production in transfected cells, establishing that the BMP6 pro-peptide is essential for proper processing, secretion, and downstream signaling. Cell transfection with mutant vs. wild-type BMP6; immunofluorescence (secretion); quantitative RT-PCR (hepcidin); immunoblot (phospho-Smad1/5/8); serum hepcidin by LC-MS/MS; liver biopsy immunohistochemistry Gastroenterology Medium 26582087
2020 BMP6 binding to heparin and heparan sulfate is mediated by N-terminal basic residues (R5, R6, R7) and C-terminal basic residues (K126, K127, R129). Mutation of both sites abolished heparin-binding activity of recombinant monomeric BMP6 and binding to membrane heparan sulfate on CHO-K1 cells. Solid-phase heparin binding assay; microcantilever assay; CHO-K1 cell membrane heparan sulfate binding; site-directed mutagenesis; molecular dynamics simulation Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Medium 33232799
1999 BMP-6 functions as an autocrine stimulator of chondrocyte maturation. BMP-6 mRNA expression precedes type X collagen induction during chondrocyte maturation. PTHrP directly inhibits BMP-6 expression, blocking maturation; exogenous BMP-6 overcomes PTHrP inhibition and stimulates Indian hedgehog mRNA, placing BMP-6 upstream of Ihh in the chondrocyte maturation pathway. Primary embryonic chondrocyte monolayer culture; exogenous BMP-6 treatment; PTHrP inhibition and rescue; RT-PCR (BMP-6, type X collagen, Ihh mRNA); alkaline phosphatase activity assay Journal of bone and mineral research Medium 10234567
2001 Bmp6 and Bmp7 are required together for cardiac cushion formation and septation during mouse embryonic development. Bmp6;Bmp7 double mutants show a marked delay in outflow tract endocardial cushion formation, defects in valve morphogenesis and chamber septation, and lethality between 10.5–15.5 dpc, whereas single mutants have no cardiac defect. Bmp6;Bmp7 double-mutant mouse (genetic epistasis); in situ hybridization; histological analysis Developmental biology Medium 11437450
2005 Endogenous BMP2 and BMP6 cooperatively regulate bone formation in vivo. Bmp2+/-;Bmp6-/- compound-deficient mice show reduced trabecular bone volume with suppressed bone formation and impaired endochondral (but not intramembranous) bone formation after fracture, whereas single-deficient animals show no such defect. Bmp2+/-;Bmp6-/- compound knockout mouse; micro-CT/histomorphometry; fracture healing model; bone marrow cell culture osteogenic differentiation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16109715
1998 Bmp6-null mice are viable and fertile with only a transient delay in sternal ossification (not other skeletal elements), and Bmp2 and Bmp6 are co-expressed in hypertrophic cartilage, suggesting functional compensation. Sternal defects are exacerbated in Bmp5/Bmp6 double mutants. Gene-targeted Bmp6 knockout mouse; skeletal analysis (histology, in situ hybridization); Bmp5;Bmp6 double mutant analysis Developmental genetics Medium 9664685
2009 BMP-6 inhibits miR-21 transcription in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through repression of deltaEF1 and AP-1 transcription factors. BMP-6 reduces binding of deltaEF1 to the E2-box on the miR-21 promoter (miPPR-21) and decreases c-Fos/c-Jun expression, thereby inhibiting MDA-MB-231 cell invasion via upregulation of PDCD4. Luciferase reporter assay (miPPR-21 constructs); ChIP assay (deltaEF1 binding to miPPR-21); site-directed mutation; RT-PCR; siRNA knockdown; invasion assay Cell research Medium 19308091
2007 BMP-6 promotes E-cadherin expression in breast cancer cells by inhibiting deltaEF1 transcription and physically dislodging deltaEF1 from the E-cadherin proximal promoter, thereby de-repressing E-cadherin transcription. RNAi knockdown of deltaEF1 abolishes E-cadherin transactivation by BMP-6. Luciferase reporter assay (E-cadherin promoter); ChIP assay (deltaEF1 binding); RNAi knockdown of deltaEF1; Western blot; quantitative RT-PCR BMC cancer Medium 17997862
2003 BMP-6 inhibits proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells through BMP receptor type II. RCC cell lines lacking BMP-RII are resistant to BMP-6-induced growth inhibition. Transfection of BMP-RII restores BMP-6 sensitivity, and constitutively active BMP-RIA or -RIB restores BMP-6 reporter activity in resistant cells. Adenoviral transduction (constitutively active BMP-RIA, RIB); BMP-RII transfection; BMP-6-responsive luciferase reporter; cell proliferation assay; Northern blot/RT-PCR Clinical cancer research Medium 14676131
2008 BMP-6 induction in prostate cancer PC3M cells leads to nuclear translocation of SMADs, activation of Id-1, increased migration and invasion, upregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 mRNA, and direct transcriptional activation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 promoters. BMP-6 also activates MAPK phosphorylation. Doxycycline-inducible BMP-6 expression system; Western blot (SMAD translocation, MAPK phosphorylation); luciferase reporter (MMP-1, MMP-9 promoters); migration/invasion assay; RT-PCR The Journal of pathology Medium 18072288
2018 BMP-6 inhibits FSH-induced progesterone production in rat granulosa cells via Smad1/5/8 signaling and Id-1 transcription. Melatonin impairs this BMP-6/Smad signaling by upregulating inhibitory Smad6 (but not Smad7), thereby counteracting BMP-6-mediated inhibition of steroidogenesis. Primary rat granulosa cell culture; BMP-6 + melatonin co-treatment; Western blot (phospho-Smad1/5/8); RT-PCR (Id-1, Smad6/7, MT1/MT2); progesterone ELISA; cAMP assay The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 24751708
2018 BMP6 downregulates GDNF expression in human granulosa-lutein cells via ALK2 and ALK3 type I receptors, activating both SMAD1/5 and ERK1/2 (but not AKT or p38) signaling. Combined knockdown of SMAD4 and ERK1/2 inhibition completely reverses BMP6-induced GDNF downregulation, demonstrating both pathways are required. Immortalized SVOG cells and primary human granulosa-lutein cells; kinase receptor inhibitor plus siRNA dual knockdown of ALK2/ALK3, SMAD1/5/4; ERK1/2 inhibitor; Western blot (phospho-SMAD1/5/8, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-AKT, phospho-p38); quantitative RT-PCR (GDNF) Endocrinology Medium 29750278
2019 BMP6 overexpression in vivo (adenovirus injection) inhibits the telogen-to-anagen transition of hair follicles. BMP6 signaling and Wnt10b signaling mutually inhibit each other in hair follicle skin, and hair follicle stem cell activation is competitively regulated by BMP6 (inhibitor) and Wnt10b (activator). Adenovirus-mediated BMP6 overexpression in mouse skin; in situ hybridization; immunofluorescence; H&E staining; BrdU tracing Cell communication and signaling Medium 30791955
2021 The SIN3A-HDAC1/2 repressor complex silences BMP6 expression in melanoma cells, causing increased metastatic dissemination via suppression of BMP6-activated SMAD5 signaling. A downstream effector FAM83G/PAWS1 contributes to metastatic progression through actin-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics. Pharmacological HDAC1/2 inhibition restores BMP6 expression and reduces circulating melanoma cells. Mouse melanoma metastasis model; pharmacological SIN3A-HDAC1/2 complex inhibition; Western blot (phospho-SMAD5); ChIP (SIN3A-HDAC1/2 at BMP6 locus); siRNA knockdown of FAM83G/PAWS1; cell migration assay; in vivo circulating tumor cell enumeration Molecular cancer research Medium 34610961
2022 In Sjögren's syndrome, HSP70 released by lysosomal exocytosis (triggered by LAMP3 overexpression) acts as an endogenous TLR4 ligand that stimulates BMP6 expression in monocytic cells. In vivo LAMP3 overexpression in mice induces BMP6 expression and an SS-like phenotype. RNA ISH identified monocytic lineage cells as the cellular source of BMP6 in SS salivary glands. RNA ISH on salivary gland sections; in vitro TLR4 signaling assays; single-cell transcriptomics of human PBMCs; siRNA knockdown; LAMP3 overexpression in mice; RT-PCR correlation analysis The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 35113815
2022 The RNF4 ubiquitin ligase acts upstream of BMP6 and its co-receptor RGMb (Dragon) in a signaling axis required for osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Knockdown of either RGMb or BMP6 halts osteogenic differentiation, and combined co-addition of purified RGMb and BMP6 proteins to RNF4-deficient cells fully restores differentiation. RNF4 siRNA in hBMSCs; conditioned media rescue; BMP6 and RGMb knockdown; protein co-addition rescue; transcriptional analysis; xenograft osteosarcoma model Cell death & disease Medium 36153321
2001 BMP-6 (and Ca2+) induces terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes with a specific switch in E2F expression from E2F-1/2/3 (undifferentiated) to E2F-5 (differentiated), accompanied by formation of nuclear E2F5·p130·HDAC1 complexes. E2F-5 overexpression inhibits DNA synthesis in an HDAC-dependent manner, linking BMP-6-driven differentiation to permanent cell cycle exit. Primary murine keratinocyte culture; BMP-6 treatment; co-immunoprecipitation (E2F5·p130·HDAC1 complex); E2F-5 overexpression; HDAC inhibitor; DNA synthesis assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11319226
2018 HIF-1α directly binds to the hypoxia-response element (HRE) in the BMP6 promoter to repress BMP6 transcription in keratinocytes. HIF-1α overexpression reduces BMP6 expression, promotes proliferation and inhibits terminal differentiation, effects that are mediated via BMP6 suppression. HIF-1α overexpression in primary human keratinocytes; ChIP assay (HIF-1α binding to HRE in BMP6 promoter); quantitative RT-PCR; cell proliferation assay; differentiation marker expression Experimental dermatology Medium 30230035
2011 Intraocular BMP6 protein injection in mice upregulates retinal hepcidin expression and alters retinal labile iron levels. Bmp6-/- mice develop age-dependent retinal iron accumulation and degeneration, establishing BMP6 as a regulator of retinal iron homeostasis through local hepcidin induction. Intraocular BMP6 injection in mice; quantitative RT-PCR (hepcidin); calcein-AM labile iron assay; Bmp6-/- mouse with age-dependent retinal phenotyping; cultured RPE cell BMP6 modulation The American journal of pathology Medium 21703414
2015 A 190 bp enhancer ~2.5 kb 5' of the Bmp6 gene drives expression in developing teeth and fins; a predicted Smad3 binding site in this enhancer is required for its activity, and pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signaling abolishes enhancer activity and severely reduces endogenous Bmp6 expression. TALEN-mediated disruption of the enhancer in vivo dramatically reduces Bmp6 expression, identifying a required cis-regulatory element. Transgenic reporter assays in sticklebacks and zebrafish; site-directed mutagenesis of Smad3 binding site; pharmacological TGFβ inhibition; TALEN enhancer disruption in vivo; quantitative RT-PCR Developmental biology Medium 25732776
2017 BMP6 regulates human Sertoli cell proliferation and apoptosis through Smad2/3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 upregulation, as well as activation of DACH1 and TFAP2A. BMP6 siRNA inhibits Sertoli cell division and increases apoptosis; the signaling operates through a non-canonical Smad2/3 pathway. Primary human Sertoli cell culture; BMP6 treatment and siRNA knockdown; Western blot (phospho-Smad2/3, cyclin D1, DACH1, TFAP2A); CCK-8 and EDU proliferation assays; Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay; ELISA (SCF) Scientific reports Low 28387750
2020 BMP6 modulates VEGF signaling by regulating VEGFR2 expression and acts via the Hippo signaling effector TAZ in endothelial cells. BMP6 induces angiogenesis in a matrigel plug assay in vivo, making BMP6 the first BMP family member demonstrated to directly regulate Hippo signaling and neovessel formation. C57/Bl6 VEGF gene transfer mouse model; porcine myocardial ischemia model; siRNA knockdown; VEGFR2 expression assay; TAZ reporter; matrigel plug assay in nude mice Angiogenesis Low 33021694
2018 BMP6 improves glycemia in ob/ob mice and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in rat H4IIE hepatoma cells by downregulating PepCK expression via Smad signaling, antagonizing cAMP-driven glycogenolytic effects. BMP6 acts on pancreatic and liver cells through Alk3, Alk6, and ActRIIA receptors (identified using receptor Fc fusion proteins in luciferase reporter and glucose output assays). ob/ob mouse BMP6 treatment; oral glucose tolerance test; chromatin immunoprecipitation (PepCK); glucose output assay in H4IIE cells; receptor Fc fusion protein specificity assay; luciferase reporter; quantitative RT-PCR Acta diabetologica Low 30539233

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1991 Involvement of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) and Vgr-1 in morphogenesis and neurogenesis in the mouse. Development (Cambridge, England) 631 1893873
2009 BMP6 is a key endogenous regulator of hepcidin expression and iron metabolism. Nature genetics 611 19252486
2009 Lack of the bone morphogenetic protein BMP6 induces massive iron overload. Nature genetics 475 19252488
1989 Patterns of expression of murine Vgr-1 and BMP-2a RNA suggest that transforming growth factor-beta-like genes coordinately regulate aspects of embryonic development. Genes & development 419 2481605
1998 Mice lacking Bmp6 function. Developmental genetics 279 9664685
2007 Reduced chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue derived stromal cells correlates with an altered TGFbeta receptor and BMP profile and is overcome by BMP-6. Journal of cellular physiology 261 17238135
2018 Erythroferrone inhibits the induction of hepcidin by BMP6. Blood 227 30097509
1989 Vgr-1, a mammalian gene related to Xenopus Vg-1, is a member of the transforming growth factor beta gene superfamily. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 175 2734307
2001 Bmp6 and Bmp7 are required for cushion formation and septation in the developing mouse heart. Developmental biology 170 11437450
2011 Serum and liver iron differently regulate the bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6)-SMAD signaling pathway in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 169 21488083
1999 BMP-6 is an autocrine stimulator of chondrocyte differentiation. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 144 10234567
2020 BMP6/TAZ-Hippo signaling modulates angiogenesis and endothelial cell response to VEGF. Angiogenesis 141 33021694
1994 Recombinant Vgr-1/BMP-6-expressing tumors induce fibrosis and endochondral bone formation in vivo. The Journal of cell biology 131 8089189
2009 A rapid and sensitive bioassay for the simultaneous measurement of multiple bone morphogenetic proteins. Identification and quantification of BMP4, BMP6 and BMP9 in bovine and human serum. BMC cell biology 124 19298647
2019 Nrf2 controls iron homeostasis in haemochromatosis and thalassaemia via Bmp6 and hepcidin. Nature metabolism 121 31276102
2005 Involvement of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP6 in bone formation. The Journal of biological chemistry 120 16109715
2009 BMP-6 and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 113 19900832
2012 Estrogen regulates hepcidin expression via GPR30-BMP6-dependent signaling in hepatocytes. PloS one 109 22792339
2017 Bone morphogenetic protein 2 controls iron homeostasis in mice independent of Bmp6. American journal of hematology 99 28815688
2011 Regulation of TMPRSS6 by BMP6 and iron in human cells and mice. Blood 94 21622652
2007 BMP-3 and BMP-6 structures illuminate the nature of binding specificity with receptors. Biochemistry 92 17924656
2009 BMP/Smad signaling is not enhanced in Hfe-deficient mice despite increased Bmp6 expression. Blood 91 19622835
2007 Sequential roles for myosin-X in BMP6-dependent filopodial extension, migration, and activation of BMP receptors. The Journal of cell biology 88 18158328
2009 BMP-6 inhibits microRNA-21 expression in breast cancer through repressing deltaEF1 and AP-1. Cell research 81 19308091
2012 The transcription factor osterix (SP7) regulates BMP6-induced human osteoblast differentiation. Journal of cellular physiology 80 21898406
2012 BMP-6 is more efficient in bone formation than BMP-2 when overexpressed in mesenchymal stem cells. Gene therapy 79 22717741
2009 Temporal regulation of BMP2, BMP6, BMP15, GDF9, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 and TGFBR1 mRNA expression in the oocyte, granulosa and theca cells of developing preovulatory follicles in the pig. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 79 19359354
2004 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 signaling and BMP antagonist noggin in prostate cancer. Cancer research 79 15548695
2013 BMP system expression in GCs from polycystic ovary syndrome women and the in vitro effects of BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 on GC steroidogenesis. European journal of endocrinology 73 23243014
2015 Heterozygous Mutations in BMP6 Pro-peptide Lead to Inappropriate Hepcidin Synthesis and Moderate Iron Overload in Humans. Gastroenterology 72 26582087
2001 Ca2+ and BMP-6 signaling regulate E2F during epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 11319226
1995 Vgr-1/BMP-6 induces osteoblastic differentiation of pluripotential mesenchymal cells. Cell growth & differentiation : the molecular biology journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 67 7547504
2008 Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and BMP7 inhibit estrogen-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells by suppressing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. The Journal of endocrinology 65 18780779
2015 Bmp6 expression in murine liver non parenchymal cells: a mechanism to control their high iron exporter activity and protect hepatocytes from iron overload? PloS one 64 25860887
2007 BMP-6 promotes E-cadherin expression through repressing deltaEF1 in breast cancer cells. BMC cancer 64 17997862
2010 Does bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) affect female fertility in the mouse? Biology of reproduction 61 20702851
2008 BMP-6 over-expression in prostate cancer is associated with increased Id-1 protein and a more invasive phenotype. The Journal of pathology 60 18072288
2023 Naotaifang formula attenuates OGD/R-induced inflammation and ferroptosis by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 59 37713988
2014 Enhanced expression of BMP6 inhibits hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 58 25011936
2013 Increased iron loading induces Bmp6 expression in the non-parenchymal cells of the liver independent of the BMP-signaling pathway. PloS one 58 23565256
2018 Hepcidin-mediated hypoferremic response to acute inflammation requires a threshold of Bmp6/Hjv/Smad signaling. Blood 57 30213871
1992 Isolation of Vgr-2, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta-related gene family. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 57 1480182
2019 The balance of Bmp6 and Wnt10b regulates the telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 52 30791955
2011 Direct delayed human adenoviral BMP-2 or BMP-6 gene therapy for bone and cartilage regeneration in a pony osteochondral model. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 52 21683796
2013 BMP-6 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting microRNA-192 in breast cancer. Biochimica et biophysica acta 51 24012720
2010 Iron overload induces BMP6 expression in the liver but not in the duodenum. Haematologica 50 20952515
2006 BMP2 and BMP6 control p57(Kip2) expression and cell growth arrest/terminal differentiation in normal primary human epidermal keratinocytes. Cellular signalling 50 17112701
1992 A bone morphogenetic protein subfamily: chromosomal localization of human genes for BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7. Genomics 50 1427904
2019 The deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14 facilitates tumor growth and chemoresistance through stabilizing the ALK2 receptor in the initiation of BMP6 signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 47 31685442
2011 Bmp6 regulates retinal iron homeostasis and has altered expression in age-related macular degeneration. The American journal of pathology 43 21703414
2010 The effects of BMP6 overexpression on adipose stem cell chondrogenesis: Interactions with dexamethasone and exogenous growth factors. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 43 19722282
2019 Suppression of miR-451a accelerates osteogenic differentiation and inhibits bone loss via Bmp6 signaling during osteoporosis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 41 31541885
2015 Cross-Talk Between VEGF and BMP-6 Pathways Accelerates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Journal of cellular physiology 41 25753222
2010 Post-treatment circulating plasma BMP6 mRNA and H3K27 methylation levels discriminate metastatic prostate cancer from localized disease. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 41 20573596
2023 An H2 S-BMP6 Dual-Loading System with Regulating Yap/Taz and Jun Pathway for Synergistic Critical Limb Ischemia Salvaging Therapy. Advanced healthcare materials 39 37531238
2020 Vitellogenin Receptor (VgR) Mediates Oocyte Maturation and Ovarian Development in the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Frontiers in physiology 39 32499719
2017 BMP6 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Sertoli Cells Via Smad2/3 and Cyclin D1 Pathway and DACH1 and TFAP2A Activation. Scientific reports 39 28387750
2017 Deletion of BMP6 worsens the phenotype of HJV-deficient mice and attenuates hepcidin levels reached after LPS challenge. Blood 39 29021231
2003 Decreased expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type II correlates with insensitivity to BMP-6 in human renal cell carcinoma cells. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 39 14676131
2017 Identification of new BMP6 pro-peptide mutations in patients with iron overload. American journal of hematology 36 28335084
1995 Developmental alteration and neuron-specific expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) mRNA in rodent brain. Brain research. Molecular brain research 36 7707865
2021 IL-6 Regulates Hepcidin Expression Via the BMP/SMAD Pathway by Altering BMP6, TMPRSS6 and TfR2 Expressions at Normal and Inflammatory Conditions in BV2 Microglia. Neurochemical research 35 33835366
2009 BMP6 reverses TGF-beta1-induced changes in HK-2 cells: implications for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 35 19543302
2017 Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) enhances the osteogenic activity of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) in vitro and in vivo, and together have a stronger osteogenic effect than when IGF-1 is combined with BMP-2. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 34 28256809
2020 miR-765 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting BMP6 via regulating the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway. Stem cell research & therapy 32 32059748
2014 Reduced BMP6 expression by DNA methylation contributes to EMT and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Oncology reports 31 24890613
2018 HIF-1α-mediated BMP6 down-regulation leads to hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro. Experimental dermatology 30 30230035
2008 The aberrant promoter methylation of BMP3b and BMP6 in malignant pleural mesotheliomas. Oncology reports 29 18949431
2023 Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells induce BMP6 expression in response to non-transferrin-bound iron. Blood 28 36351237
2018 BMP6-induced modulation of the tumor micro-milieu. Oncogene 28 30171260
2019 The role of BMP6 in the proliferation and differentiation of chicken cartilage cells. PloS one 27 31260450
2014 Exogenous BMP7 corrects plasma iron overload and bone loss in Bmp6-/- mice. International orthopaedics 27 25300398
2001 Upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein GDF-3/Vgr-2 expression in adipose tissue of FABP4/aP2 null mice. Cytokine 27 11396990
2022 Lysosomal exocytosis of HSP70 stimulates monocytic BMP6 expression in Sjögren's syndrome. The Journal of clinical investigation 26 35113815
2018 BMP6 Downregulates GDNF Expression Through SMAD1/5 and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Endocrinology 25 29750278
2013 Downregulation of BMP6 enhances cell proliferation and chemoresistance via activation of the ERK signaling pathway in breast cancer. Oncology reports 25 23674072
2018 A novel role of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) in glucose homeostasis. Acta diabetologica 24 30539233
2015 A 190 base pair, TGF-β responsive tooth and fin enhancer is required for stickleback Bmp6 expression. Developmental biology 24 25732776
2018 Iron, erythropoietin, and inflammation regulate hepcidin in Bmp2-deficient mice, but serum iron fails to induce hepcidin in Bmp6-deficient mice. American journal of hematology 23 30478858
2018 An intronic enhancer of Bmp6 underlies evolved tooth gain in sticklebacks. PLoS genetics 22 29902209
2012 BMP-6 and BMPR-1a are up-regulated in the growth plate of the fractured tibia. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 22 23097200
2014 Melatonin counteracts BMP-6 regulation of steroidogenesis by rat granulosa cells. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 21 24751708
2006 Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), their receptors, and activins in normal and scarred conjunctiva: role of BMP-6 and activin-A in conjunctival scarring? Experimental eye research 21 16879818
2020 Modulatory effects of TGF-β1 and BMP6 on thecal angiogenesis and steroidogenesis in the bovine ovary. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 20 31967968
2018 Interaction of Melatonin and BMP-6 in Ovarian Steroidogenesis. Vitamins and hormones 20 29544628
2023 BMP6 knockdown enhances cardiac fibrosis in a mouse myocardial infarction model by upregulating AP-1/CEMIP expression. Clinical and translational medicine 18 37313693
2015 Combined delivery of PDGF-BB and BMP-6 for enhanced osteoblastic differentiation. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 18 26676858
2012 In vitro chondrogenesis by BMP6 gene therapy. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 16 23077084
2018 Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) modulates lung function, pulmonary iron levels and cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Mucosal immunology 15 30542109
2017 A MicroRNA-124 Polymorphism is Associated with Fracture Healing via Modulating BMP6 Expression. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 15 28441666
2014 Bmp6 expression can be regulated independently of liver iron in mice. PloS one 15 24454764
2021 Epigenetic Silencing of BMP6 by the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 Repressor Complex Drives Melanoma Metastasis via FAM83G/PAWS1. Molecular cancer research : MCR 14 34610961
2016 Increased Retinal Expression of the Pro-Angiogenic Receptor GPR91 via BMP6 in a Mouse Model of Juvenile Hemochromatosis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 14 27046124
2012 Growth differentiation factor 3 is induced by bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and BMP-7 and increases luteinizing hormone receptor messenger RNA expression in human granulosa cells. Fertility and sterility 14 22305102
2022 RNF4~RGMb~BMP6 axis required for osteogenic differentiation and cancer cell survival. Cell death & disease 13 36153321
2020 BMP6 binding to heparin and heparan sulfate is mediated by N-terminal and C-terminal clustered basic residues. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects 13 33232799
1995 Immunolocalization of vgr (BMP-6, DVR-6), a TGF-beta related cytokine, to Schwann cells of the rat peripheral nervous system: expression patterns are not modulated by autoimmune disease. Glia 13 7751058
2021 Black pepper prevents anemia of inflammation by inhibiting hepcidin over-expression through BMP6-SMAD1/ IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway. Free radical biology & medicine 12 33771600
2021 Role of the BMP6 protein in breast cancer and other types of cancer. Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 12 34706618
2019 Copresentation of BMP-6 and RGD Ligands Enhances Cell Adhesion and BMP-Mediated Signaling. Cells 12 31847477

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