| 1999 |
BCL10 contains an N-terminal CARD domain that mediates homodimerization/oligomerization; CARD-mediated oligomerization is essential for both NF-κB activation and apoptosis induction. Wild-type BCL10 activates NF-κB and induces apoptosis, while C-terminal truncation mutants retain NF-κB activation but lose pro-apoptotic activity. |
Overexpression in 293/MCF7 cells, mutational analysis, NF-κB reporter assays, apoptosis assays |
Cell |
High |
10319863 9989495
|
| 1999 |
BCL10 (also called mE10/CIPER/CLAP/c-E10) contains an N-terminal CARD that forms homodimers; the C-terminal region binds pro-caspase-9 and promotes its autoproteolytic activation to induce apoptosis, with CARD-mediated oligomerization being essential for killing activity. |
Overexpression in MCF-7 cells, co-immunoprecipitation, mutational analysis, caspase processing assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10187770 10187815 10364242
|
| 1999 |
BCL10 CARD domain activates NF-κB through a NIK-dependent pathway upstream of IKKα; the CARD is both necessary and sufficient for NF-κB activation and for homodimerization. |
Mutational analysis, dominant-negative NIK/IκBα constructs, NF-κB reporter assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10187770 10364242
|
| 2001 |
BCL10 is a positive regulator of antigen receptor-induced NF-κB activation in B and T lymphocytes. BCL10-deficient mice show complete absence of antigen receptor-induced NF-κB activation while retaining normal Ca2+ signaling, MAPK, and AP-1 activation, placing BCL10 specifically in the NF-κB branch downstream of antigen receptors. |
Bcl10 knockout mice, lymphocyte stimulation assays, NF-κB activation assays, genetic epistasis |
Cell |
High |
11163238
|
| 2001 |
BCL10 and MALT1 form a specific protein complex; BCL10 mediates oligomerization and activation of the MALT1 caspase-like domain, and together they synergistically activate NF-κB through the IKK complex. BCL10 bridges the BIMP1/MALT1 interaction in a ternary complex. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, NF-κB reporter assays, dominant-negative mutant analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11262391 11387339
|
| 2001 |
CARD11/CARMA1 binds BCL10 via CARD-CARD interaction, induces phosphorylation of BCL10, and translocates BCL10 from cytoplasm to perinuclear structures, thereby activating NF-κB. CARD11 and CARD14 both associate specifically with the BCL10 CARD domain. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, co-transfection, subcellular localization by immunofluorescence, NF-κB reporter assays |
FEBS letters / The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11278692 11356195
|
| 2000 |
CARD9 directly interacts with the BCL10 CARD domain (but not other CARD-containing proteins), forms a pre-existing signaling complex with endogenous BCL10, and activates NF-κB as an upstream activator of BCL10. |
Mammalian two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins, NF-κB reporter assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
11053425
|
| 2003 |
BCL10 activates NF-κB by targeting NEMO/IKKγ for K63-linked polyubiquitination, requiring MALT1 (paracaspase) and UBC13 as a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. A NEMO mutant unable to be ubiquitinated blocks BCL10-induced NF-κB activation. |
siRNA knockdown, ubiquitination assays, NEMO ubiquitination-site mutants, NF-κB reporter assays |
Nature |
High |
14695475
|
| 2004 |
TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase and TAK1 kinase mediate IKK activation downstream of BCL10 and MALT1. Only oligomeric (high-molecular-weight) forms of BCL10 and MALT1 can activate IKK in vitro. MALT1 oligomers bind TRAF6, induce TRAF6 oligomerization, and activate TRAF6 ligase activity to polyubiquitinate NEMO. |
In vitro reconstitution with purified proteins, RNAi silencing, IKK activation assays, gel filtration to isolate oligomers |
Molecular cell |
High |
15125833
|
| 2004 |
CARMA1 recruits BCL10 and IKKβ into lipid rafts of the immunological synapse in a CD3/CD28-dependent manner; CARMA1 membrane association is required for this recruitment, and a CARMA1 mutant unable to associate with BCL10 fails to rescue NF-κB activation. |
Lipid raft fractionation, immunological synapse imaging, CARMA1-deficient T cell complementation assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
14673152
|
| 2004 |
BCL10 degradation following TCR/PKC stimulation occurs via the lysosomal pathway (not proteasome), requires an intact CARD domain, and is promoted by HECT-domain ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Itch, which ubiquitinate BCL10. This degradation selectively terminates IKK/NF-κB signaling. |
Proteasome inhibitor treatment, lysosome fractionation, ubiquitin ligase overexpression/knockdown, NF-κB activity assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
15082780
|
| 2006 |
IKKβ plays a dual role at the CBM complex: it is required for initial CBM complex formation, but upon engagement IKKβ phosphorylates BCL10 at its C-terminus, disrupting BCL10/MALT1 association and BCL10-mediated IKKγ ubiquitination, thereby providing negative feedback. Mutation of IKKβ phosphorylation sites on BCL10 enhances NF-κB target gene expression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, IKKβ phosphorylation site mutagenesis, primary T cell NF-κB reporter assays, IL-2/TNFα measurement |
Molecular cell |
High |
16818229
|
| 2006 |
cIAP2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for BCL10, targeting it for degradation and thereby inhibiting antigen receptor-mediated cytokine production. The cIAP2-MALT1 fusion protein lacks E3 activity, leading to BCL10 stabilization in MALT lymphomas. |
In vitro ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, BCL10 protein stability assays, cytokine production assays |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
16395405
|
| 2006 |
BCL10 and MALT1 are essential for FcεRI-mediated NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mast cells, but are dispensable for degranulation and leukotriene secretion, demonstrating that BCL10 selectively controls the NF-κB arm downstream of FcεRI. |
Bcl10−/− and Malt1−/− mice, mast cell stimulation, cytokine ELISA, degranulation assays |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
16432253
|
| 2006 |
CARMA3/BCL10/MALT1 form a signalosome that mediates angiotensin II receptor (GPCR)-dependent NF-κB activation in hepatocytes and vascular cells, acting through IKKγ ubiquitination. BCL10-deficient mice show defective hepatic cytokine production after Ang II treatment. |
Dominant-negative mutants, RNAi, gene targeting (Bcl10−/− mice), IKKγ ubiquitination assay, cytokine ELISA |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
17101977
|
| 2006 |
BCL10 and MALT1 are required for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced NF-κB activation and IL-6 production downstream of G protein-coupled receptors in non-immune cells, cooperating with PKC. BCL10/MALT1 are dispensable for LPA-activated JNK, p38, ERK, and Akt. |
Bcl10−/− and Malt1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, IκBα degradation assays, IL-6 ELISA, kinase pathway analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
17095601
|
| 2007 |
BCL10 is phosphorylated at Ser138 by CaMKII following TCR stimulation; phosphorylation at this residue by CaMKII is required for CaMKII's ability to regulate interactions within the Carma1-BCL10-MALT1 complex and for signal-induced ubiquitinations of BCL10 and IKKγ. |
In vitro kinase assay (CaMKII + BCL10), CaMKII inhibitor KN93, CaMKII siRNA, S138A mutagenesis, NF-κB reporter assays |
Molecular immunology |
High |
17052756 21513986
|
| 2006 |
Phosphorylation of BCL10 at Ser138 negatively regulates NF-κB activation: the S138A mutation impairs TCR-induced ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of BCL10, prolonging NF-κB activation and enhancing IL-2 production. |
Phosphorylation site mutagenesis (S138A), ubiquitination assays, NF-κB reporter assays, IL-2 ELISA |
Journal of immunology / Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
17371994 17502353
|
| 2007 |
IKK complex phosphorylates BCL10 after TCR stimulation and causes its proteolysis via the β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase/proteasome pathway, providing a negative feedback loop. BCL10 mutants at IKK phosphorylation sites are resistant to degradation, accumulate in the nucleus, and increase IL-2 production. |
In vitro IKK kinase assay, proteasome inhibitors, β-TrCP overexpression, phosphorylation-site mutagenesis, IL-2 measurement |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
17213322
|
| 2007 |
BCL10 (but not CARMA1) controls TCR-induced and FcγR-induced actin polymerization independently of NF-κB activation. Phosphorylation-deficient S138A BCL10 specifically inhibits TCR-induced actin polymerization without affecting NF-κB. BCL10 silencing impairs phagocytosis in monocytes. |
BCL10 siRNA, S138A mutagenesis, F-actin staining, phagocytosis assays, NF-κB reporter assays |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
17371994
|
| 2008 |
K63-linked polyubiquitination of BCL10 at residues K31 and K63 is required for NEMO/IKKγ binding and NF-κB activation following TCR stimulation. Mutation of these ubiquitination sites prevents NEMO recruitment without affecting CBM complex assembly. |
K63-ubiquitin linkage-specific assays, BCL10 ubiquitination site mutagenesis (K31R, K63R), NEMO binding assay, NF-κB reporter assays |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
18287044
|
| 2008 |
Bcl10-MALT1 interaction involves multiple protein domains: a 13-aa region C-terminal to the Bcl10 CARD interacts with MALT1 Ig-like domains, and additionally the MALT1 death domain and BCL10 CARD (especially residues D80 and E84 of helix 5) contribute to the interaction. CARD mutations that disrupt folding strongly impair BCL10-MALT1 interaction. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, FRET in T cells, point mutagenesis of conserved BCL10 CARD residues, molecular modeling |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
18806265
|
| 2008 |
CARD11 recruits multiple signaling cofactors (BCL10, TRAF6, TAK1, IKKγ, caspase-8) through its CARD and coiled-coil domains in a signal-inducible manner; BCL10 and MALT1 are independently recruited to CARD11 and can associate with certain cofactors independently of one another. |
RNAi rescue assays, co-immunoprecipitation in BCL10- and MALT1-deficient cells, NF-κB reporter assays |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
18625728
|
| 2003 |
RIP2 kinase associates with BCL10 following TCR engagement and phosphorylates BCL10. RIP2-deficient T cells show defective BCL10 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation; kinase-dead RIP2 cannot rescue NF-κB activation in Rip2−/− fibroblasts. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, Rip2−/− mice, kinase-dead mutant complementation, NF-κB assays, BCL10 phosphorylation assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
14638696
|
| 2004 |
BCL10 interacts with Pellino2 downstream of TLR4 in response to LPS; BCL10 is recruited to TLR4 signaling complexes, and this recruitment is negatively regulated by SOCS3. BCL10-deficient macrophages show defective LPS-induced NF-κB activation while AP-1 and Elk-1 signaling remain intact. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, BCL10-deficient macrophage cell line, SOCS3 overexpression, NF-κB reporter assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
15213237
|
| 2006 |
BCL10 and MALT1 are required for NK cell-mediated NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK activation downstream of ITAM-coupled receptors (NK1.1, Ly49D, Ly49H, NKG2D), and depend on CARMA1 (not CARD9). These cascades selectively control cytokine/chemokine production but not cytotoxicity. |
Bcl10−/−, Malt1−/−, Carma1−/−, Card9−/− primary NK cells, cytokine production assays, cytotoxicity assays, NF-κB reporter assays |
Blood |
High |
18192506
|
| 2006 |
CARMA1-BCL10 complex selectively regulates JNK2 (not JNK1) after TCR stimulation: BCL10 is inducibly associated with JNK2 and acts as a JIP-like scaffold to assemble JNK2, MKK7, and TAK1 kinases, regulating c-Jun protein levels. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, CARMA1/BCL10 knockout cells, JNK isoform-specific analysis, kinase assays |
Immunity |
Medium |
17189706
|
| 2006 |
BCL10 interacts with IRAK-1 upstream in the TLR4 pathway; upon BCL10 dissociation from IRAK-1, BCL10 translocates to cytosol with TRAF6 and TAK1 via a direct BCL10-Pellino2 interaction. BCL10 oligomerization is a prerequisite for its function in LPS-induced NF-κB signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA against MALT1, subcellular fractionation, NF-κB activation assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16831874
|
| 2011 |
Calcineurin (Ca2+-dependent phosphatase) directly dephosphorylates BCL10 in vivo and in vitro and interacts with the CBM complex; calcineurin activity positively regulates CBM complex formation and TCR-induced NF-κB. BCL10 is hyperphosphorylated when calcineurin is inhibited by CsA or FK506. |
In vitro phosphatase assay (calcineurin + BCL10), calcineurin A siRNA, CsA/FK506 treatment, co-immunoprecipitation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
21199863
|
| 2011 |
E3 ubiquitin ligase MIB2 directly interacts with BCL10, promotes autoubiquitination and ubiquitination of IKKγ/NEMO, and recruits/activates TAK1 as part of the activated BCL10 complex. MIB2 knockdown inhibits BCL10-dependent NF-κB activation. |
Proteomic identification, in vitro pulldown, overexpression NF-κB assays, MIB2 knockdown |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
21896478
|
| 2012 |
BCL10 has an NF-κB-independent role in actin and membrane remodeling downstream of FcγR in macrophages. BCL10 depletion impairs Rac1 and PI3K activation and leads to abortive phagocytic cups. BCL10 forms a complex with clathrin adaptors AP1 and EpsinR and is required to deliver the OCRL phosphatase (which regulates PI(4,5)P2 and F-actin) to the phagocytic cup. |
BCL10 depletion by siRNA, phagocytosis assays, Rac1/PI3K activation assays, co-immunoprecipitation with AP1/EpsinR, PI(4,5)P2 imaging |
Developmental cell |
Medium |
23153494
|
| 2012 |
TCR engagement triggers selective autophagy of BCL10 in effector (but not naive) T cells, requiring K63-polyubiquitination of BCL10 and subsequent association with the autophagy adaptor p62. p62 binding is required for both BCL10 signaling to NF-κB and gradual BCL10 degradation; blockade of BCL10 autophagy enhances NF-κB activation. |
Autophagy inhibition, ubiquitin linkage-specific assays, p62 knockout/knockdown, BCL10 degradation assays, NF-κB activation |
Immunity |
High |
22658522
|
| 2013 |
The reconstituted CBM signalosome forms a helical filamentous assembly: CARMA1 nucleates BCL10 filament formation through CARD-CARD interactions in a cooperative, threshold-sensitive manner; MALT1 binds BCL10 filaments and is activated; structure of the BCL10 CARD filament was determined by crystallography, NMR, and EM. Structure-guided mutagenesis confirmed interfaces required for BCL10 filament assembly and MALT1 activation in vitro and NF-κB activation in cells. |
Cryo-EM, crystallography, NMR, in vitro reconstitution of CBM filament, structure-guided mutagenesis, NF-κB reporter assays |
Molecular cell |
High |
24074955
|
| 2014 |
BCL10 polymerizes in a unidirectional manner as shown by time-lapse confocal imaging; cryo-EM structure of the BCL10 CARD filament at 4.0 Å resolution redefines CARD-CARD interfaces. CARMA1 serves as a hub forming star-shaped filamentous BCL10 networks and decreases BCL10 polymerization lag time. MALT1 immediately dimerizes on BCL10 filaments, and TRAF6 cooperatively decorates CBM filaments to form higher-order assemblies. |
Cryo-EM at 4.0 Å, time-lapse confocal imaging, EM of MALT1 and TRAF6 decoration of filaments |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
29382759
|
| 2014 |
A cytosolic p62-BCL10-MALT1-IKK signalosome forms in effector T cells upon TCR stimulation; the active IKK complex is a component of this signalosome; phosphorylated IκBα and NF-κB are transiently recruited before nuclear NF-κB translocation. p62-dependent clustering is required for NF-κB activation in effector T cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, p62-deficient T cells, confocal imaging of signalosome clusters, IKK activity assays |
Science signaling |
Medium |
24825920
|
| 2014 |
BCL10 is NOT required for TCR/CD28-induced mTOR activation in T cells; this distinguishes the BCL10 requirement for NF-κB from a CARMA1/MALT1-dependent but BCL10-independent pathway to mTOR signaling. |
BCL10-deficient T cells, mTOR pathway activation assays, metabolic flux assays |
Science signaling |
Medium |
24917592
|
| 2005 |
MALT1 contains nuclear export signals (NES) and controls the cytoplasmic localization of BCL10; MALT1 is involved in nuclear export of BCL10, shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm. Leptomycin B (NES inhibitor) retains MALT1 and BCL10 in the nucleus. |
Deletion mutagenesis of MALT1 NES, leptomycin B treatment, subcellular fractionation and imaging |
Blood |
Medium |
16123224
|
| 2005 |
BCL10 undergoes nuclear translocation in response to TNFα: Akt1 phosphorylates BCL10 at Ser218 and Ser231, and phosphorylated BCL10 then complexes with Bcl3 to enter the nucleus. An NF-κB-binding site in the BCL10 5'-UTR drives NF-κB-dependent BCL10 upregulation. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, EMSA, Akt1 kinase assay, Bcl3 co-immunoprecipitation, Akt1 inhibitor, Bcl3 depletion |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16280327
|
| 2010 |
LPS activates the non-canonical NF-κB pathway (RelB/p52) in colonic epithelial cells through BCL10; phosphorylation of BCL10 Ser138 is required for NIK phosphorylation and subsequent RelB/p52 nuclear translocation. Mutation of Ser138 or Ser218 reduces both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation. |
BCL10 siRNA, BCL10 phosphorylation-site mutagenesis (S138G, S218G), nuclear RelB/p52 assays, phospho-NIK assays |
Experimental cell research |
Medium |
20466000
|
| 2009 |
COP9 signalosome subunit CSN5 interacts with MALT1 and CARMA1; TCR activation recruits CSN to the CBM complex. The CSN is required for maintaining BCL10 stability in response to T cell activation and for TCR-induced IKK activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, CSN5 siRNA knockdown, BCL10 stability assays, IKK activation assays |
EMBO reports |
Medium |
19444310
|
| 2016 |
BCL10 undergoes TCR-induced conjugation with linearly-linked (M1) polyubiquitin chains (Lin(Ub)n-BCL10) at lysines K17, K31, and K63; linear ubiquitination requires CARD11, MALT1, and the HOIP subunit of LUBAC. Lin(Ub)n-BCL10 is required for NEMO/IKK recruitment. CARD11 co-recruits BCL10 with HOIP to bring substrate to enzyme. |
Linkage-specific ubiquitin assays, BCL10 lysine mutagenesis, HOIP/LUBAC knockdown, CARD11 co-IP experiments, NF-κB reporter assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
27777308
|
| 2018 |
GSK3β regulates CBM complex formation through site-specific phosphorylation of BCL10; GSK3β inhibition reduces BCL10 phosphorylation, impairs CBM assembly, and consequently reduces MALT1 protease-dependent cleavage of substrates (BCL10, CYLD, RelB), IκBα degradation, and NF-κB activity. |
GSK3β pharmacological inhibitors (SB216763, SB415286), GSK3β RNAi, BCL10 phosphorylation assays, MALT1 substrate cleavage assays |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
29358699
|
| 2019 |
BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling mediates TCR-induced NF-κB activation in regulatory T cells and controls their suppressive function; BCL10-dependent MALT1 protease activity is specifically required for Treg suppressive function. Acute BCL10 deletion in mature Tregs impairs suppression and causes lethal autoimmunity. |
Conditional BCL10 knockout in Tregs (Bcl10fl/fl Foxp3cre), Treg suppression assays, Rag1−/− colitis transfer, gene expression profiling, MALT1 inhibitor treatment |
Nature communications |
High |
31138793
|
| 2022 |
BCL10 mutations in ABC-DLBCL fall into two biochemically distinct classes: (1) CARD missense mutations enhance BCL10 filament formation via glutamine network structures that stabilize filaments; (2) C-terminal truncating mutations abrogate a MALT1 inhibitory motif, trapping MALT1 in activated filament-bound state. Both classes confer BTK inhibitor resistance, while truncating (not CARD) mutants are hypersensitive to MALT1 inhibitors. |
Structural analysis, BCL10 polymerization assays, MALT1 activity assays, BTK inhibitor/MALT1 inhibitor drug sensitivity testing in primary lymphoma and cell lines |
Cancer discovery |
High |
35658124
|