Affinage

APOA1

Apolipoprotein A-I · UniProt P02647

Length
267 aa
Mass
30.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

APOA1 is the principal structural and functional protein of HDL, organizing lipid particles and driving reverse cholesterol transport (PMID:29773713, PMID:23650622). On nascent discoidal HDL the two antiparallel APOA1 molecules adopt distinct helical registries (5/5 and 5/2) interconverting via a thumbwheel-like rotation; full activation of LCAT-mediated cholesteryl esterification requires a hybrid epitope formed by helices 5–7 of one molecule and helices 3–4 of the other (PMID:29773713). The integrated N-terminal domain functions as part of the protein belt that stabilizes the discoidal bilayer and accommodates cholesterol loading (PMID:26200866). Particle size governs function: in small HDL the APOA1 C-termini flip off the lipid surface to engage the ABCA1 transporter and promote cholesterol efflux, whereas in larger particles the C-termini form a lipid-adherent helical bundle that prevents productive ABCA1 interaction, so LCAT-driven conversion of small to large HDL suppresses efflux capacity (PMID:38018436). The ABCA1/APOA1 acceptor system also mediates selective tocopherol secretion from intestinal cells (PMID:23946344). In humans, the APOA1 L202P mutation reduces in vivo tissue cholesterol efflux, confirming a causal contribution to reverse cholesterol transport (PMID:23650622). Beyond lipid handling, APOA1 acts as a signaling ligand: it engages SCARB-1 to activate PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and suppress glucagon in pancreatic α-cells (PMID:33086869) and improves systemic glucose tolerance and muscle glucose uptake independently of AMPKα2 (PMID:32244181). APOA1 abundance is controlled both by tissue-specific promoter DNA methylation favoring hepatic expression (PMID:25463085) and by the FOXM1–METTL3–m6A–YTHDF2 axis governing mRNA stability (PMID:38190128), and the protein is targeted for polyubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ligase TRIM15 (PMID:34311082).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2005 Low

    Established the relative kinetic stability of APOA1 on discoidal particles and linked protein unfolding to HDL fusion and lipid-poor protein release, framing HDL remodeling as a kinetically governed process.

    Evidence Comparative biophysical analysis (CD melting, DSC, light scattering, EM) of apoA-1 vs apoA-2 vs apoC-1 disks

    PMID:15681655

    Open questions at the time
    • APOA1 served as a comparative reference, not the primary subject
    • No connection to physiological remodeling enzymes tested
  2. 2013 Medium

    Provided direct in vivo human evidence that APOA1 drives tissue cholesterol efflux, moving reverse cholesterol transport from inference to causal demonstration.

    Evidence 13C-cholesterol isotope tracer infusion with compartmental modeling in APOA1 L202P mutation carriers vs controls

    PMID:23650622

    Open questions at the time
    • Fecal sterol excretion unchanged, indicating non-HDL pathways contribute
    • Single mutation, single lab
  3. 2015 Medium

    Resolved the structural role of the APOA1 N-terminal domain, showing it is integrated into the lipid-binding belt rather than a separate globular module and enables stable cholesterol-loaded discs.

    Evidence SAXS with molecular modeling comparing full-length vs N-terminally truncated APOA1 particles at varying cholesterol

    PMID:26200866

    Open questions at the time
    • No atomic-resolution structure
    • Does not address dynamics during enzymatic remodeling
  4. 2018 High

    Defined the conformational mechanism of LCAT activation, showing APOA1 toggles between helical registries and that a two-molecule hybrid epitope is required for esterification activity.

    Evidence Disulfide-locked discoidal HDL via cysteine mutagenesis, LCAT activity and efflux assays, chemical cross-linking

    PMID:29773713

    Open questions at the time
    • Registry switching kinetics in native particles not measured
    • Triggers of the thumbwheel rotation in vivo unknown
  5. 2023 High

    Linked HDL particle size to cholesterol efflux capacity through C-terminal positioning, explaining why LCAT-driven particle enlargement suppresses ABCA1 engagement.

    Evidence Cross-linking MS, MD simulation, reconstituted HDL, macrophage efflux assays, LCAT-deficient human subjects

    PMID:38018436

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of the APOA1–ABCA1 contact not solved
    • Regulation of C-terminal flipping in vivo not defined
  6. 2013 Medium

    Showed the ABCA1/APOA1 acceptor pathway exports cargo beyond cholesterol, mediating vitamer-selective tocopherol secretion from intestinal cells.

    Evidence Polarized Caco-2 monolayer secretion assay with LXR agonist and MTP inhibitor, ABCA1 Western blot

    PMID:23946344

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of vitamer selectivity unresolved
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  7. 2020 Medium

    Identified APOA1 as a glucose-homeostasis signaling ligand, suppressing glucagon via SCARB-1/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and enhancing muscle glucose uptake through systemic rather than direct mechanisms.

    Evidence αTC1 cell assays with pathway inhibitors plus in vivo mouse injection (glucagon study); recombinant ApoA-1 injection in HFD and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice with 2-DG uptake (glucose study)

    PMID:32244181 PMID:33086869

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating muscle effect not identified
    • Failure of ex vivo muscle uptake leaves systemic mediator undefined
  8. 2021 Medium

    Revealed post-translational control of APOA1 abundance, with TRIM15 binding via its PRY/SPRY domain and polyubiquitinating APOA1 via its RING domain to drive degradation and tumor lipid accumulation.

    Evidence MS interactor identification, reciprocal Co-IP, domain-deletion mutagenesis, ubiquitination assay, knockdown invasion assays in PDAC cells

    PMID:34311082

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination sites on APOA1 not mapped
    • Single lab, cancer-context only
  9. 2014 Medium

    Established that tissue-specific DNA methylation of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster controls hepatic-restricted APOA1 expression.

    Evidence Genome-wide methylation array, bisulfite pyrosequencing, 5-Aza demethylation rescue with RT-qPCR re-expression

    PMID:25463085

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific regulatory CpGs not functionally dissected
    • Trans-acting factors reading methylation not identified
  10. 2024 Medium

    Defined an epitranscriptomic regulatory axis in which FOXM1 represses METTL3 to lower APOA1 m6A marking, reducing YTHDF2-mediated mRNA decay and raising APOA1 with downstream effects on scleral fibroblast fate.

    Evidence ChIP, Me-RIP, PAR-CLIP, siRNA knockdown with rescue, RT-qPCR and apoptosis assays in hypoxic scleral fibroblasts

    PMID:38190128

    Open questions at the time
    • m6A sites on APOA1 mRNA not precisely mapped
    • Generalizability beyond scleral fibroblasts untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the registry/thumbwheel conformational cycle, C-terminal flipping, and size-dependent ABCA1 engagement are coordinated and regulated on native circulating HDL remains unresolved.
  • No native high-resolution structure of the APOA1–ABCA1 complex
  • Physiological triggers of conformational switching unknown
  • Integration of transcriptional, epitranscriptomic, and degradation control into systemic lipid/glucose phenotypes not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 2
Partners
ABCA1LCATSAASCARB1TRIM15
Complex memberships
HDL

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2018 APOA1 on nascent discoidal HDL adopts two distinct helical registries (5/5 and 5/2) via a thumbwheel-like rotation mechanism. Engineered disulfide bonds locking APOA1 in the 5/2 registry impaired LCAT cholesteryl esterification activity without affecting LCAT binding or cholesterol efflux, indicating that full LCAT activation requires a hybrid epitope composed of helices 5-7 on one APOA1 molecule and helices 3-4 on the other. Cysteine mutagenesis to engineer disulfide-locked discoidal HDL particles, LCAT activity assay, cholesterol efflux assay, chemical cross-linking Journal of lipid research High 29773713
2023 In small HDL particles, the C-termini of the two antiparallel APOA1 molecules are 'flipped' off the lipid surface, enabling engagement with ABCA1 transporter and promoting cholesterol efflux. In larger HDL particles, C-termini form a helical bundle adhering to the lipid surface, preventing productive ABCA1 interaction. Conversion of small HDL to larger particles by LCAT markedly inhibited cholesterol efflux capacity. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of chemically cross-linked peptides, molecular dynamics simulations, reconstituted HDL model system, cholesterol efflux capacity assay in macrophages, studies in LCAT-deficient subjects, calibrated ion mobility analysis Circulation High 38018436
2021 TRIM15 E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with APOA1 through its PRY/SPRY domain and promotes APOA1 polyubiquitination via its RING domain, leading to APOA1 degradation. APOA1 degradation enhances lipid anabolism and promotes lipid droplet accumulation in pancreatic cancer cells, and TRIM15 promotes PDAC metastasis via the APOA1-LDLR axis. Mass spectrometry identification of TRIM15-binding partners, co-immunoprecipitation, domain-deletion mutagenesis, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown with invasion/migration assays, lipid droplet staining Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease Medium 34311082
2013 In vivo tissue cholesterol efflux is reduced by ~19% in carriers of the L202P mutation in APOA1 (mean HDL-c 20 mg/dL vs. 54 mg/dL in controls), demonstrating that APOA1 contributes to efflux of tissue cholesterol in humans as part of reverse cholesterol transport. Fecal sterol excretion did not differ significantly, suggesting non-HDL pathways also contribute to reverse cholesterol transport. 13C2-cholesterol isotope tracer infusion in vivo, three-compartment SAAM-II pharmacokinetic modeling, fecal 13C recovery measurement in APOA1 L202P mutation carriers vs. controls Journal of lipid research Medium 23650622
2020 Recombinant ApoA-1 injected in vivo improves glucose tolerance and increases glucose clearance into skeletal muscle (+50%) and heart muscle (+270%) independently of AMPKα2 kinase activity. ApoA-1 also increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. ApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles ex vivo, indicating that systemic effects beyond direct muscle action are required. Intravenous injection of recombinant human ApoA-1 in high-fat diet-fed wild-type and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice, glucose tolerance test, 2-deoxyglucose uptake measurement in vivo, epinephrine/propranolol-induced insulin secretion blockade, ex vivo isolated muscle glucose uptake assay Molecular metabolism Medium 32244181
2021 ApoA1-mediated lipid raft depletion inhibits DENV (dengue virus) attachment to cell surfaces. ApoA1 neutralizes NS1-induced cell activation and prevents NS1-mediated enhancement of DENV infection. The ApoA1 mimetic peptide 4F similarly depletes lipid rafts to control DENV infection. Cell-based infection assay, lipid raft staining/quantification, NS1 protein treatment of cells, ApoA1 co-treatment, peptide 4F treatment, flow cytometry Journal of virology Medium 33827950
2016 In an in vitro BBB model, rApoA1 complexed to Aβ1-40 did not influence Aβ1-40 efflux from the basolateral (brain) compartment, but rApoA1 present in the apical (blood) compartment mobilized Aβ1-40 from the basolateral side. rApoA1 crossed the monolayer (blood-to-brain direction) through a mechanism involving the LDL receptor-related protein family, and rApoA1 trafficking was restricted when bound to Aβ peptide. Primary cerebral endothelial cell Transwell BBB model, fluorescently labeled Aβ1-40 transport assay, LRP family inhibitor treatment, compartment-specific protein addition Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD Low 27232214
2015 SAXS structural analysis showed that in discoidal ApoA1-POPC-cholesterol particles, the N-terminal domain of full-length ApoA1 is an integrated part of the protein belt (not a separate globular domain) that stabilizes the particles. Upon cholesterol incorporation, the N-terminal domain allows bilayer thickness to increase while maintaining a flat bilayer, in contrast to N-terminally truncated ApoA1 (nanodisc) which forms a less favorable lens shape. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), molecular-constrained data modeling, comparison of full-length vs. N-terminally truncated ApoA1 particles with varying cholesterol content Biophysical journal Medium 26200866
2020 HDL and ApoA-1 reduce glucagon expression and secretion from pancreatic α-cells in vitro through binding to receptor SCARB-1 (SR-BI) and activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling cascade. Pretreatment with Akt inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, or SCARB-1 inhibitor BLT-1 restored α-cell response to low glucose, demonstrating dependence on this pathway. In vitro αTC1 cell treatment with HDL or ApoA-1, glucagon secretion and expression assays, phosphorylation assays for Akt and FoxO1, pharmacological inhibitors (Akt inhibitor VIII, LY294002, BLT-1), in vivo mouse ApoA-1 injection with insulin-induced hypoglycemia Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Medium 33086869
2016 ApoA1 activates the ERK pathway and promotes actin polymerization in a neuroblastoma injury model, contributing to wound healing after neuronal injury. ApoA1 expression increases as a delayed response to neuronal injury, and ApoA1 treatment accelerated scratch wound closure after an initial lag phase. Neuroblastoma scratch wound assay, ApoA1 treatment, ERK pathway activation measurement, actin polymerization assay, spinal cord injury model Molecular and cellular biochemistry Low 27734225
2018 ApoA-1 treatment of hepatocytes attenuated steatosis and accelerated proliferation, and in a mouse hepatectomy model promoted liver regeneration at day 2 post-surgery. ApoA-1 treatment increased expression of PGC-1α and its target genes Tfam, Ucp2, and SDHB, suggesting a mechanism through regulation of mitochondrial function. Rat liver transplantation model (small-for-size fatty graft), mouse hepatectomy model in vivo, in vitro hepatocyte culture with ApoA-1 treatment, gene expression analysis (PGC-1α, Tfam, Ucp2, SDHB), steatosis quantification Life sciences Low 30473024
2016 Heparin interacts with both ApoA1 and SAA (serum amyloid A) on HDL isolated from inflamed mice, forming complex aggregates. Mass spectrometry analysis of chemically crosslinked HDL-SAA particles detected multiple crosslinks between ApoA1 and SAA, indicating close proximity (within 25 Å) on the HDL surface, providing a structural basis for simultaneous heparin binding. Gel electrophoresis of heparin-HDL complexes, chemical crosslinking, mass spectrometry peptide mapping of crosslinked ApoA1-SAA interactions Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 27105909
2013 ABCA1-dependent secretion of vitamin E (tocopherols) from Caco-2 intestinal monolayers is mediated in part via ApoA1 as acceptor. The ABCA1/ApoA1 pathway demonstrated vitamer selectivity, with α- and γ-tocopherol secreted more efficiently than δ-tocopherol. Liver X receptor agonist T0901317 induced ABCA1 expression and enhanced tocopherol secretion to ApoA1. Polarized Caco-2 monolayer assay, ABCA1 protein expression (Western blot), LXR agonist treatment, MTP inhibitor treatment, tocopherol secretion quantification with three tocopherol forms simultaneously The Journal of nutrition Medium 23946344
2014 Tissue-specific DNA methylation of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster inversely correlates with tissue-specific expression. APOA1 promoter is less methylated in liver than other tissues. Demethylation of intestinal TC7/Caco-2 cells with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine reduced methylation of APOA1/C3/A4/A5 by 24-37% and induced re-expression of APOA1 mRNA (up to 600% increase), demonstrating that DNA methylation controls liver-specific APOA1 expression. Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array across multiple tissues, bisulfite PCR and pyrosequencing, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylation treatment of intestinal cells, RT-qPCR for gene re-expression Atherosclerosis Medium 25463085
2024 FOXM1 transcription factor represses METTL3 transcription by binding to the METTL3 promoter (confirmed by ChIP), which reduces m6A methylation of APOA1 mRNA, thereby decreasing YTHDF2-mediated APOA1 mRNA degradation and increasing APOA1 expression. Elevated APOA1 in hypoxia-induced scleral fibroblasts promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation, reduced collagen production, and apoptosis. Knockdown of APOA1 or FOXM1 reversed these hypoxia-induced effects. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for FOXM1 on METTL3 promoter, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) for m6A on APOA1 mRNA, PAR-CLIP for METTL3-APOA1 binding, siRNA knockdown, Western blot, RT-qPCR, cell proliferation/apoptosis assays Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 38190128
2005 Denaturation and fusion kinetics of discoidal HDL particles show that kinetic stability rank order is apoA-1 > apoA-2 > apoC-1, correlating with protein size. Protein unfolding triggers HDL fusion, leading to lipid vesicle formation and dissociation of monomolecular lipid-poor protein. Two kinetic phases with distinct activation energies (Ea,slow = 60 kcal/mol, Ea,fast = 22 kcal/mol) were identified for apoA-2 disks. Circular dichroism melting, light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Arrhenius analysis, electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis; comparative analysis of apoA-1 vs apoA-2 vs apoC-1 disks Biophysical journal Low 15681655

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2021 APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Current atherosclerosis reports 140 33591433
2014 The discovery of I-BET726 (GSK1324726A), a potent tetrahydroquinoline ApoA1 up-regulator and selective BET bromodomain inhibitor. Journal of medicinal chemistry 138 25249180
2005 The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. Current opinion in lipidology 112 15767855
2022 Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 105 36063649
2009 Hereditary apolipoprotein AI-associated amyloidosis in surgical pathology specimens: identification of three novel mutations in the APOA1 gene. The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD 93 19324996
2004 In-depth haplotype analysis of ABCA1 gene polymorphisms in relation to plasma ApoA1 levels and myocardial infarction. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 84 14962947
2003 Linkage and association between distinct variants of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 84 14551155
2016 ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 77 27183204
1988 DNA polymorphism haplotypes of the human apolipoprotein APOA1-APOC3-APOA4 gene cluster. Human genetics 70 2903847
2018 A thumbwheel mechanism for APOA1 activation of LCAT activity in HDL. Journal of lipid research 69 29773713
2005 APOA1 polymorphism influences risk for early-onset nonfamiliar AD. Annals of neurology 67 16130094
2019 KCNQ1OT1, HIF1A-AS2 and APOA1-AS are promising novel biomarkers for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 53 30941792
2011 Increased risk of coronary artery disease in Caucasians with extremely low HDL cholesterol due to mutations in ABCA1, APOA1, and LCAT. Biochimica et biophysica acta 51 21875686
2010 Reduced plasma APOA1 level is associated with gastric tumor growth in MKN45 mouse xenograft model. Journal of proteomics 51 20399916
2016 Modulation of Amyloid-β1-40 Transport by ApoA1 and ApoJ Across an in vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 50 27232214
2020 The Positive Side of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Cross-Interactions: The Case of the Aβ 1-42 Peptide with Tau, TTR, CysC, and ApoA1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 49 32456156
2010 Effects of variations in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on different parameters of postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy young men. Journal of lipid research 48 19592705
2021 TRIM15 promotes the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by mediating APOA1 ubiquitination and degradation. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 45 34311082
2015 Decreased expression of the APOA1-APOC3-APOA4 gene cluster is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Drug design, development and therapy 45 26491253
2000 Genetic determinants of plasma lipid response to dietary intervention: the role of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster and the APOE gene. The British journal of nutrition 44 10889803
2005 Kinetic stabilization and fusion of apolipoprotein A-2:DMPC disks: comparison with apoA-1 and apoC-1. Biophysical journal 43 15681655
2003 The study of APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 variability in healthy ageing people reveals another paradox in the oldest old subjects. Annals of human genetics 42 12556235
2010 Gene-nutrient interactions and gender may modulate the association between ApoA1 and ApoB gene polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome risk. Atherosclerosis 41 21122859
2009 Pharmacogenetic association of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and lipid responses to fenofibrate: the genetics of lipid-lowering drugs and diet network study. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 40 19057464
2004 The effects of scale: variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster. Human genetics 39 15108119
2003 APOA1 related amyloidosis: a case report and literature review. Clinical biochemistry 38 14636880
2014 Identification of ApoA1, HPX and POTEE genes by omic analysis in breast cancer. Oncology reports 37 24969553
2021 ApoA1 Neutralizes Proinflammatory Effects of Dengue Virus NS1 Protein and Modulates Viral Immune Evasion. Journal of virology 35 33827950
2016 Interactions of Environmental Factors and APOA1-APOC3-APOA4-APOA5 Gene Cluster Gene Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome. PloS one 34 26824674
2012 Population-based resequencing of APOA1 in 10,330 individuals: spectrum of genetic variation, phenotype, and comparison with extreme phenotype approach. PLoS genetics 34 23209431
2011 Mutation in APOA1 predicts increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and total mortality without low HDL cholesterol levels. Journal of internal medicine 33 21443680
2007 Genetic association study of APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and haplotypes on triglyceride and HDL cholesterol in a community-based population. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 33 17964293
2007 APOA1/C3/A5 haplotype and risk of hypertriglyceridemia in Taiwanese. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 33 18206649
2023 Flipped C-Terminal Ends of APOA1 Promote ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux by Small HDLs. Circulation 32 38018436
2008 Genetic studies on the APOA1-C3-A5 gene cluster in Asian Indians with premature coronary artery disease. Lipids in health and disease 32 18801202
2020 ApoA-1 improves glucose tolerance by increasing glucose uptake into heart and skeletal muscle independently of AMPKα2. Molecular metabolism 31 32244181
2015 HDL/ApoA-1 infusion and ApoA-1 gene therapy in atherosclerosis. Frontiers in pharmacology 31 26388776
2019 LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 Expression and Review of Cholesterol Deposition in the Cornea. Biomolecules 28 31779197
2018 Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibitor Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Regulating Apo-A1 and LEAP-1 Expression. Virologica Sinica 28 30328580
2015 Genetic association of the ApoB and ApoA1 gene polymorphisms with the risk for alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 28 26617857
2017 Increased prevalence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with damaging mutations in ABCA1 or APOA1. Journal of clinical lipidology 27 29150341
2012 Associations of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein APOA1-C3-A5 gene cluster with acute coronary syndrome. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 27 22675253
2014 APOA1 mRNA expression in ovarian serous carcinoma effusions is a marker of longer survival. American journal of clinical pathology 26 24926085
2019 Long noncoding RNAs APOA1-AS, IFNG-AS1, RMRP and their related biomolecules in Egyptian patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Relation to disease activity and patient disability. Journal of advanced research 25 32071782
2004 Haplotypes in the APOA1-C3-A4-A5 gene cluster affect plasma lipids in both humans and baboons. Human molecular genetics 25 15044382
2018 Role of long non-coding RNAs expression (ANRIL, NOS3-AS, and APOA1-AS) in development of atherosclerosis in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clinical rheumatology 24 30128915
2010 APOA1 and APOA4 gene polymorphisms influence the effects of dietary fat on LDL particle size and oxidation in healthy young adults. The Journal of nutrition 24 20164363
2020 Alzheimer's disease in the gut-Major changes in the gut of 5xFAD model mice with ApoA1 as potential key player. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 23 32681583
2015 Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 23 25650312
2022 Selective activation of ABCA1/ApoA1 signaling in the V1 by magnetoelectric stimulation ameliorates depression via regulation of synaptic plasticity. iScience 22 35479414
2021 Targeting the Apoa1 locus for liver-directed gene therapy. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 22 34141821
2021 LncRNA APOA1-AS facilitates proliferation and migration and represses apoptosis of VSMCs through TAF15-mediated SMAD3 mRNA stabilization. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 22 34382908
2013 In vivo tissue cholesterol efflux is reduced in carriers of a mutation in APOA1. Journal of lipid research 22 23650622
2005 APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster variability and lipid levels in Brazilian children. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 22 15962178
2005 APOA1-75 G to A substitution associated with severe forms of CAD, lower levels of HDL and apoA-I among northern Indians. Disease markers 22 16403951
1991 Extended haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium between 11 markers at the APOA1-C3-A4 gene cluster on chromosome 11. American journal of human genetics 22 1673288
2013 Vitamin E secretion by Caco-2 monolayers to APOA1, but not to HDL, is vitamer selective. The Journal of nutrition 21 23946344
2013 Plasma lipids, genetic variants near APOA1, and the risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. JAMA 21 23989729
2015 Small-angle X-ray scattering of the cholesterol incorporation into human ApoA1-POPC discoidal particles. Biophysical journal 20 26200866
2014 The apoB/apoA1 ratio predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 20 24689997
2013 Gene-gene combination effect and interactions among ABCA1, APOA1, SR-B1, and CETP polymorphisms for serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the Japanese population. PloS one 20 24376512
2012 ApoA1: mimetic peptide reverses adipocyte dysfunction in vivo and in vitro via an increase in heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Wnt10b. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 20 22306989
2012 Polymorphism in apoA1 Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels but Is Not a Major Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra 20 22323901
2005 Polymorphisms in APOA1 and LPL genes are statistically independently associated with fasting TG in men with CAD. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 20 15657615
2024 FOXM1 Participates in Scleral Remodeling in Myopia by Upregulating APOA1 Expression Through METTL3/YTHDF2. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 19 38190128
2014 Gender-specific associations of the APOA1 -75G>A polymorphism with several metabolic syndrome components in Turkish adults. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 19 24508624
2012 The relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in general population of China. Endocrine 19 22246850
2019 Serum apoA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1), Insulin Resistance, and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Human Pregnancy-Brief Report. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 18 31412738
2016 APOA5 and APOA1 polymorphisms are associated with triglyceride levels in Mexican children. Pediatric obesity 18 27171122
2018 Role of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on lipid profile, insulin resistance and adipokine levels in obese subjects after weight loss with a dietary intervention. Diabetes research and clinical practice 17 29859275
2016 Increased expression of ApoA1 after neuronal injury may be beneficial for healing. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 17 27734225
2013 The dyslipidemia-associated SNP on the APOA1/C3/A5 gene cluster predicts post-surgery poor outcome in Taiwanese breast cancer patients: a 10-year follow-up study. BMC cancer 17 23829168
2010 Amelioration of nephropathy with apoA-1 mimetic peptide in apoE-deficient mice. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 17 20488818
2021 High prevalence of APOA1/C3/A4/A5 alterations in luminal breast cancers among young women in East Asia. NPJ breast cancer 16 34226567
2018 Role of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on metabolic response after a high fat vs. a low fat hypocaloric diets in obese human subjects. Journal of diabetes and its complications 16 30467071
2018 ApoA-1 accelerates regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft after transplantation. Life sciences 16 30473024
2013 Controlling the diameter, monodispersity, and solubility of ApoA1 nanolipoprotein particles using telodendrimer chemistry. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 16 23754445
2007 Polymorphisms in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and cholesterol responsiveness to dietary change. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 16 17378725
2021 Hsa_circ_0088212-mediated miR-520 h/APOA1 axis inhibits osteosarcoma progression. Translational oncology 15 34555726
2020 HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) and ApoA-1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) Potentially Modulate Pancreatic α-Cell Glucagon Secretion. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 15 33086869
2019 Association of BUD13-ZNF259-APOA5-APOA1-SIK3 cluster polymorphism in 11q23.3 and structure of APOA5 with increased plasma triglyceride levels in a Korean population. Scientific reports 15 31165758
2017 Interactions of six SNPs in APOA1 gene and types of obesity on low HDL-C disease in Xinjiang pastoral area of China. Lipids in health and disease 15 28969676
2016 A case report of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis associated with a novel APOA1 mutation and variable phenotype. European journal of medical genetics 15 27240838
2013 Genetic association between APOA1 and APOD polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese population. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 15 23690001
2013 Genetic polymorphisms in the APOA1 gene and their relationship with serum HDL cholesterol levels. Lipids 15 24081495
2010 APOA1/A5 variants and haplotypes as a risk factor for obesity and better lipid profiles in a Brazilian Elderly Cohort. Lipids 15 20480398
2020 Introducing APOA1 as a key protein in COVID-19 infection: a bioinformatics approach. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench 14 33244380
2007 Effect of the combination of the variants -75G/A APOA1 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 on the risk of type 2 diabetes (DM2). Clinical endocrinology 14 17727676
2004 A prospective study of the APOA1 XmnI and APOC3 SstI polymorphisms in the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster and risk of incident myocardial infarction in men. Atherosclerosis 14 15488874
2018 Association of the APOA1 rs964184 SNP and serum lipid traits in the Chinese Maonan and Han populations. Lipids in health and disease 13 29747660
2014 Tissue-specific DNA methylation profiles regulate liver-specific expression of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster and can be manipulated with demethylating agents on intestinal cells. Atherosclerosis 13 25463085
2005 APOA1 polymorphisms are associated with variations in serum triglyceride concentrations in hypercholesterolemic individuals. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 13 16309370
2019 Functional polymorphisms of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster are associated with dyslipidemia in a sex-specific pattern. PeerJ 12 30631647
2018 High Level of APOA1 in Blood and Maternal Fetal Interface Is Associated With Early Miscarriage. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 12 30004304
2016 Heparin interactions with apoA1 and SAA in inflammation-associated HDL. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 12 27105909
2011 Comparison of lipid profiles with APOA1 MspI polymorphism in obese children with hyperlipidemia. In vivo (Athens, Greece) 12 21576418
1990 Apolipoprotein A1 Baltimore (Arg10----Leu), a new ApoA1 variant. Human genetics 12 2108924
2022 APOA1 mRNA and protein in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma correlate with the disease outcome. Scientific reports 11 35858961
2020 The loss-of-function mutation of CETP affects HDLc levels but not ApoA1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 11 33358712
2018 Two novel APOA1 gene mutations in a Japanese renal transplant recipient with recurrent apolipoprotein A-I related amyloidosis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 11 29968409

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