Affinage

ANPEP

Aminopeptidase N · UniProt P15144

Round 2 corrected
Length
967 aa
Mass
109.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ANPEP (CD13/aminopeptidase N) is a homodimeric type II transmembrane zinc metallopeptidase that cleaves N-terminal residues from regulatory peptides—including angiotensin III/IV and the chemokine CXCL11—thereby modulating vasoactive signaling and lymphocyte chemotaxis (PMID:22932899, PMID:17363734). Its large ectodomain harbors the catalytic Zn²⁺ site within a closed internal cavity, and this active-site region doubles as the binding determinant for HCoV-229E spike protein, with virus entry proceeding through caveolae-mediated endocytosis; ANPEP also serves as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus and, in a cell-type-specific manner, porcine deltacoronavirus (PMID:1350662, PMID:15280478, PMID:8105105, PMID:32056711). ANPEP is upregulated on tumor vasculature endothelium where it promotes angiogenesis by supporting capillary tube formation, migration, and extracellular matrix adhesion, and it sustains cancer stem cell survival by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (PMID:10676659, PMID:16466852, PMID:21879266). Expression in myeloid versus intestinal epithelial cells is governed by two tissue-specific promoters driving the same polypeptide, and in melanoma ANPEP signals upstream of the AKT/RSK→EPHA2 axis to contribute to BRAF-inhibitor resistance (PMID:1675638, PMID:29048432).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1988 High

    Establishing the primary structure and membrane topology of ANPEP resolved how a single-pass type II transmembrane protein anchors its catalytic ectodomain to the brush-border membrane and identified the zinc-binding metalloprotease active site by homology.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of human intestinal APN

    PMID:2901990

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct demonstration of enzymatic activity from the cloned product
    • Quaternary structure unknown at this stage
  2. 1989 High

    Demonstrating that the myeloid surface antigen CD13 is identical to aminopeptidase N unified two fields and showed the enzyme is expressed far beyond the intestinal epithelium.

    Evidence cDNA cloning of CD13, retroviral expression in mouse fibroblasts confirming surface expression, N-terminal protein sequencing

    PMID:2564851

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of enzymatic activity in myeloid context not yet characterized
  3. 1991 High

    Discovery of two tissue-specific promoters explained how a single ANPEP gene produces the same protein in intestinal epithelium and myeloid/stromal cells through distinct transcriptional programs.

    Evidence Northern blot, 5'-end mapping, and reporter gene assays in fibroblasts

    PMID:1675638

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factor identity at each promoter not fully resolved
    • Chromatin-level regulation not addressed
  4. 1992 High

    Gain-of-function and antibody-blocking experiments established ANPEP as the functional receptor for HCoV-229E, and a catalytic-site mutant that lost virus binding implied the virus-binding site overlaps with the enzyme active site.

    Evidence Transfection of hAPN into resistant murine fibroblasts; monoclonal antibody blocking; catalytic mutant expression

    PMID:1350662

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution binding interface not yet known
    • Post-entry steps of virus internalization undefined
  5. 1993 High

    Parallel experiments showed ANPEP also serves as a receptor for HCMV, but unlike HCoV-229E, HCMV entry does not require the enzymatic active site, revealing receptor utilization can be dissociated from catalytic function.

    Evidence Antibody blocking and transfection of hAPN and active-site deletion mutant into murine fibroblasts; HCMV infection assay

    PMID:8105105

    Open questions at the time
    • HCMV-binding epitope on ANPEP not mapped
    • Whether ANPEP is the sole HCMV receptor unclear
  6. 2000 High

    Identification of ANPEP as the target of NGR tumor-homing peptides and demonstration that ANPEP antagonism blocks angiogenesis in vivo established a direct functional role for ANPEP in tumor neovascularization.

    Evidence Phage binding, antibody blocking of in vivo tumor homing, CAM and retinal angiogenesis assays, tumor growth inhibition

    PMID:10676659

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling pathways mediating the pro-angiogenic effect not defined
    • Whether enzymatic activity is required for angiogenesis not resolved
  7. 2004 High

    Showing that ANPEP resides in lipid rafts and that HCoV-229E binding triggers ANPEP clustering into caveolin-1-positive caveolae resolved the internalization route, as caveolin-1 knockdown reduced infection.

    Evidence Detergent-resistant membrane fractionation, immunofluorescence, EM, cholesterol depletion, caveolin-1 RNAi in human fibroblasts

    PMID:15280478

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether caveolae-mediated entry applies to all cell types expressing ANPEP not tested
  8. 2006 Medium

    RNAi silencing of ANPEP in endothelial cells directly linked its expression to capillary tube formation, migration, and matrix adhesion, moving beyond correlative angiogenesis phenotypes to a cell-autonomous requirement.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with Matrigel tube formation, Transwell migration, and ECM adhesion assays

    PMID:16466852

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab study; genetic knockout confirmation lacking
    • Signaling intermediates downstream of ANPEP in endothelial cells unresolved
  9. 2007 High

    Demonstrating that ANPEP cleaves the N-terminus of CXCL11 to abolish its chemotactic and angiostatic activities revealed a specific substrate through which ANPEP regulates immunity and vascular biology.

    Evidence In vitro enzymatic processing, receptor binding, Ca²⁺ flux, chemotaxis, and endothelial migration assays

    PMID:17363734

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo confirmation of CXCL11 processing by ANPEP not provided
    • Full substrate repertoire still incomplete
  10. 2011 Medium

    Linking ANPEP to ROS scavenging in liver cancer stem cells showed it protects CSCs from oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis, broadening its role beyond peptide processing to redox homeostasis in cancer.

    Evidence CD13 inhibition with antibody/inhibitor, ROS measurement, apoptosis assay in TGF-β-induced CSCs

    PMID:21879266

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which ANPEP reduces ROS not defined
    • Single-lab observation; independent replication needed
  11. 2012 High

    High-resolution crystal structures of the dimeric ANPEP ectodomain with angiotensin IV and inhibitors provided the first atomic view of an M1 family metallopeptidase dimer and revealed how substrate-dependent loop ordering and cavity gating control peptide processing.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of hAPN ectodomain complexed with angiotensin IV, amastatin, bestatin

    PMID:22932899

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length membrane-embedded structure not determined
    • Dynamics of substrate entry and product release not captured by static structures
  12. 2017 Medium

    Antibody-mediated ANPEP blockade dephosphorylated AKT, RSK, and EPHA2-S897 and induced apoptosis in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, positioning ANPEP upstream of the AKT/RSK→EPHA2 signaling axis in drug resistance.

    Evidence Anti-CD13 antibody blocking, phospho-Western blotting, apoptosis assays in melanoma cell lines

    PMID:29048432

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether enzymatic activity or scaffolding drives signaling is unknown
    • No genetic knockout validation
    • Single-lab finding
  13. 2019 High

    Structural determination of multiple HCoV-229E RBD–hAPN complexes confirmed that core virus contacts map to the ANPEP active-site region, while CRISPR knockout of ANPEP in pigs proved it is a cell-type-specific deltacoronavirus receptor in macrophages but dispensable in fibroblasts.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM of spike–hAPN complexes; CRISPR/Cas9 ANPEP knockout pigs with ex vivo and in vivo infection

    PMID:31650956 PMID:32056711

    Open questions at the time
    • Host cofactors that determine cell-type-specific receptor usage not identified
    • Whether active-site mutations alone suffice to abolish 229E entry in a genetic knockout context untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the molecular mechanism by which ANPEP reduces intracellular ROS, whether its pro-angiogenic role requires enzymatic activity or a scaffolding/signaling function, the full physiological substrate repertoire, and how its receptor function for diverse viruses is partitioned between catalytic-site engagement and alternative binding modes.
  • ROS-scavenging mechanism unknown
  • Enzymatic vs. non-enzymatic contribution to angiogenesis unresolved
  • Comprehensive substrate profiling absent
  • Signaling pathway downstream of ANPEP in endothelial and cancer contexts poorly defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 6 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 5 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005576 extracellular region 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1
Partners
CAV1CXCL11EPHA2

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1988 The complete primary structure of human intestinal aminopeptidase N (967 amino acids) was deduced from cDNA cloning, revealing it is anchored to the microvillar membrane via an uncleaved N-terminal signal/transmembrane segment, and that a domain spanning approximately residues 250–555 is homologous to E. coli aminopeptidase N and contains the Zn2+ ligands constituting the active site. cDNA cloning and sequence analysis; identification of Zn2+ binding motifs by homology FEBS letters High 2901990
1989 Human myeloid cell surface glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N: it is a type II transmembrane zinc metalloprotease of 967 amino acids with a single N-terminal hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment (non-cleaved signal anchor) and a large extracellular C-terminal catalytic domain bearing the zinc-binding metalloprotease pentapeptide consensus sequence. Retroviral expression of the coding sequence in mouse fibroblasts confirmed surface expression of bona fide CD13. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, retroviral expression in transfected mouse fibroblasts, N-terminal protein sequencing The Journal of clinical investigation High 2564851
1991 Two distinct tissue-specific promoters control transcription of the single human aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) gene: an intestinal epithelial cell promoter containing a TATA box that directs a 3.4-kb transcript, and a separate upstream promoter in myeloid cells and fibroblasts (located ~8 kb upstream of the start codon) that directs a longer 3.7-kb transcript. Both transcripts encode the same polypeptide. Functional promoter activity was demonstrated by reporter gene transfection into NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Northern blot analysis; 5'-end mapping; reporter gene (bacterial) transfection assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 1675638
1991 CD13/gp150 expressed on endothelial cells possesses enzymatic aminopeptidase N-like activity comparable to that on haemopoietic cells, as shown by chromogenic substrate assays inhibitable by anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody. Chromogenic substrate functional assays; monoclonal antibody inhibition; ELISA; immunofluorescence Immunology and cell biology Medium 1723966
1992 Human aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a functional receptor for human coronavirus HCoV-229E: anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody RBS blocked HCoV-229E infection and virus binding, and transfection of hAPN cDNA into resistant murine fibroblasts rendered them susceptible to HCoV-229E but not HCoV-OC43. A catalytic-site mutant APN that lost enzymatic activity also failed to bind the virus or confer susceptibility, suggesting the virus-binding site overlaps with or is near the active site. Virus infection assay; monoclonal antibody blocking; cDNA transfection of murine fibroblasts; catalytic mutant APN expression Nature High 1350662
1993 CD13 (human aminopeptidase N) mediates human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection: anti-CD13 antibodies inhibited HCMV binding and infection; transfection of hAPN cDNA into resistant murine fibroblasts increased susceptibility and HCMV binding. However, a mutant CD13 lacking part of the aminopeptidase active site still conferred susceptibility, indicating the enzymatic domain is not required for HCMV entry. Virus infection assay; antibody blocking; cDNA transfection of murine fibroblasts; active-site deletion mutant Journal of virology High 8105105
1993 CD13/GP150/aminopeptidase N activity in whole blood is predominantly localized to cell-free plasma rather than to cell surfaces; plasma APN activity is >70% inhibitable by anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody WM15 and can be completely cleared by immunoaffinity isolation, establishing the existence of a soluble circulating form of CD13/APN. Chromogenic substrate functional assays; monoclonal antibody inhibition; immunoaffinity isolation; SDS-PAGE Experimental hematology Medium 7902291
2000 Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is the receptor for NGR motif-containing tumor-homing peptides in tumor vasculature. NGR phage specifically bound immunocaptured APN and APN-expressing transfected cells; anti-APN antibodies blocked in vivo tumor homing. APN expression is upregulated in endothelial cells within tumors and in corpus luteum angiogenesis. APN antagonists inhibited angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane and retinal assays and suppressed tumor growth, identifying APN as a functional participant in angiogenesis. Phage binding to immunocaptured APN; transfected cell binding; in vivo tumor homing with antibody blockade; angiogenesis assays (CAM, retina); tumor growth assays Cancer research High 10676659
2003 The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of HCoV-229E spike protein lies within the N-terminal 417–547 amino acid region: soluble truncated S proteins containing this region specifically bound hAPN-expressing cells, and binding was blocked by an anti-hAPN antibody that inhibits virus infection. S proteins lacking this region did not bind hAPN. Baculovirus expression of truncated spike proteins; cell-binding assay on hAPN-transfected 3T3 cells; antibody blocking Journal of virology High 12551991
2004 CD13/APN is a major component of Triton X-100-resistant lipid raft microdomains on human fibroblasts; HCoV-229E binds CD13 at the cell surface and causes clustering of CD13 into caveolin-1-positive caveolae at 37°C. Electron microscopy showed HCoV-229E near caveolae orifices post-binding. Cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly reduced virus redistribution and infection; caveolin-1 knockdown by RNAi also reduced HCoV-229E infection, establishing that CD13-mediated HCoV-229E entry occurs through caveolae. Detergent-resistant membrane fractionation; immunofluorescence co-localization; electron microscopy; cholesterol depletion; caveolin-1 RNAi knockdown; virus infection assay Journal of virology High 15280478
2006 APN/CD13 is selectively expressed in vascular endothelial cells and plays multiple roles in angiogenesis: RNAi silencing of APN inhibited capillary tube formation on Matrigel, reduced endothelial cell migration through fibronectin-coated membranes, and decreased adhesion to Matrigel and extracellular matrix components (type IV collagen, type I collagen, fibronectin). RNAi knockdown; Matrigel tube formation assay; Transwell migration assay; cell adhesion assay Cancer letters Medium 16466852
2007 CD13/APN proteolytically processes the chemokine CXCL11 at its N-terminus, removing up to 6 amino acids in combination with CD26/DPP4. CD13/APN-truncated CXCL11 showed reduced binding and signaling at CXCR3 and CXCR7, failed to induce intracellular calcium increases, lost chemotactic activity for lymphocytes, and showed significantly reduced inhibition of endothelial cell migration. This identifies CD13/APN as a negative regulator of CXCL11-mediated lymphocyte recruitment and angiostasis. Biochemical purification and identification of truncated CXCL11; in vitro enzymatic processing assays; receptor binding and signaling assays (Ca2+ flux, ERK1/2/Akt phosphorylation); chemotaxis assays; endothelial migration assay Blood High 17363734
2011 Increased CD13/aminopeptidase N expression in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting CSC survival. TGF-β-induced EMT-like phenotype was associated with increased CD13 expression. Inhibition of CD13 stimulated apoptosis in CD13+ CSCs, establishing CD13 as a scavenger enzyme in the ROS metabolic pathway that protects CSCs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. TGF-β EMT induction; CD13 inhibition (antibody/inhibitor); ROS measurement; apoptosis assay; immunohistochemistry of post-chemotherapy tumor samples Annals of surgical oncology Medium 21879266
2012 The X-ray crystal structure of the dimeric ectodomain of human aminopeptidase N (hAPN/CD13) was determined at high resolution in complexes with angiotensin IV and the inhibitors amastatin and bestatin. Each monomer adopts the closed form with an internal cavity surrounding the catalytic Zn2+ site. The structure reveals hAPN as the first dimeric M1 family metallopeptidase, with structural features (including substrate-dependent loop ordering and inhibitor-specific cavity access) that provide mechanistic insights into peptide processing, including angiotensin III and IV metabolism. X-ray crystallography of ectodomain alone and in complex with angiotensin IV, amastatin, bestatin The Journal of biological chemistry High 22932899
2017 CD13/ANPEP contributes to BRAF-inhibitor resistance in melanoma cells and is upstream of EPHA2 signaling: blocking CD13/ANPEP with a monoclonal antibody induced apoptosis in both BRAFi-sensitive and resistant melanoma cells, and caused dephosphorylation of EPHA2 at S897 (a pro-migratory phosphorylation site). AKT and RSK, which phosphorylate EPHA2-S897, were also dephosphorylated after CD13/ANPEP inhibition, placing CD13/ANPEP upstream of the AKT/RSK→EPHA2 signaling axis. Antibody-mediated CD13/ANPEP blocking; apoptosis assay; phospho-Western blotting for EPHA2-S897, AKT, RSK; gene expression and proteome profiling Cell death & disease Medium 29048432
2019 APN (encoded by ANPEP) serves as a receptor for porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs): CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ANPEP in pigs rendered PAMs resistant to PDCoV infection. However, lung fibroblast-like cells from the same KO pigs remained permissive to PDCoV, demonstrating that APN is cell-type-specific receptor for PDCoV in macrophages but dispensable in fibroblast-like cells. CRISPR/Cas9 ANPEP knockout in pigs; ex vivo infection of primary PAMs and fibroblast-like cells; in vivo infection of KO pigs Virology High 32056711
2019 X-ray crystal structures of HCoV-229E spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBDs) from multiple viral classes (III–V) in complex with human APN (hAPN) revealed that common core interactions at the hAPN active-site region define specificity for hAPN, while peripheral RBD sequence variation is accommodated by loop plasticity. The cryo-EM structure of the full 229E S-protein shows it can expose portions of its helical core, facilitated by hydrophilic subunit interfaces conserved among coronaviruses. X-ray crystallography of multiple RBD–hAPN complexes; cryo-EM of full spike protein eLife High 31650956

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1724 15326289
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2014 An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites. Nature genetics 1209 24816252
1987 Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: an inherited defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 glycoproteins. Annual review of medicine 1077 3555290
1992 Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E. Nature 774 1350662
2000 Aminopeptidase N is a receptor for tumor-homing peptides and a target for inhibiting angiogenesis. Cancer research 725 10676659
2020 Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 690 32199615
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
2009 Cholesterol sensor ORP1L contacts the ER protein VAP to control Rab7-RILP-p150 Glued and late endosome positioning. The Journal of cell biology 560 19564404
1984 Inherited deficiency of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family and its molecular basis. The Journal of experimental medicine 475 6096477
1989 Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N. The Journal of clinical investigation 467 2564851
1987 Stimulated mobilization of monocyte Mac-1 and p150,95 adhesion proteins from an intracellular vesicular compartment to the cell surface. The Journal of clinical investigation 443 3038962
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
2005 Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. Journal of proteome research 350 16335952
2004 Point mutations of the p150 subunit of dynactin (DCTN1) gene in ALS. Neurology 348 15326253
1987 Heterogeneous mutations in the beta subunit common to the LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150,95 glycoproteins cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Cell 348 3594570
1986 Regulated expression of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family during leukocyte differentiation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 295 2428876
1987 cDNA cloning and complete primary structure of the alpha subunit of a leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein, p150,95. The EMBO journal 263 3327687
1989 Adherence of neutrophils to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells. Stimulation by chemotactic peptides and lipid mediators and dependence upon the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family. The Journal of clinical investigation 250 2521491
1988 Neutrophil and monocyte cell surface p150,95 has iC3b-receptor (CR4) activity resembling CR3. The Journal of clinical investigation 247 2969921
2009 Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Journal of proteome research 237 19199708
1988 Complete amino acid sequence of human intestinal aminopeptidase N as deduced from cloned cDNA. FEBS letters 229 2901990
1987 Role of the adherence-promoting receptors, CR3, LFA-1, and p150,95, in binding of Histoplasma capsulatum by human macrophages. The Journal of experimental medicine 216 3025331
2002 A role for regulated binding of p150(Glued) to microtubule plus ends in organelle transport. The Journal of cell biology 197 12119357
1985 Biochemical and functional characteristics of the human leukocyte membrane antigen family LFA-1, Mo-1 and p150,95. European journal of immunology 193 2933266
2005 The AAA+ protein torsinA interacts with a conserved domain present in LAP1 and a novel ER protein. The Journal of cell biology 183 15767459
1992 The Mac-1 and p150,95 beta 2 integrins bind denatured proteins to mediate leukocyte cell-substrate adhesion. Experimental cell research 180 1572393
1992 Generation of signals activating neutrophil functions by leukocyte integrins: LFA-1 and gp150/95, but not CR3, are able to stimulate the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. The Journal of cell biology 177 1346398
1998 Diadenosine oligophosphates (Ap(n)A), a novel class of signalling molecules? FEBS letters 174 9607303
2019 The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding. eLife 171 31650956
2007 Integral and associated lysosomal membrane proteins. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 163 17897319
2002 Evidence that an interaction between EB1 and p150(Glued) is required for the formation and maintenance of a radial microtubule array anchored at the centrosome. Molecular biology of the cell 161 12388762
2002 Role of Rab5 in the recruitment of hVps34/p150 to the early endosome. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 160 12010460
1986 The p150,95 molecule is a marker of human mononuclear phagocytes: comparison with expression of class II molecules. European journal of immunology 160 3456894
2003 Identification of a receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of human coronavirus HCoV-229E. Journal of virology 157 12551991
2004 Human coronavirus 229E binds to CD13 in rafts and enters the cell through caveolae. Journal of virology 156 15280478
1987 Role of p150,95 in adhesion, migration, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of human monocytes. European journal of immunology 153 2958296
2006 Comparative gene expression profiling of in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes and erythroblasts identifies novel activatory and inhibitory platelet membrane proteins. Blood 142 17192395
2003 Human VPS34 and p150 are Rab7 interacting partners. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 140 14617358
2013 In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 138 23533145
1991 Leukocyte integrin P150,95 (CD11c/CD18) functions as an adhesion molecule binding to a counter-receptor on stimulated endothelium. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 132 1702811
2013 Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine. Journal of proteomics 126 23376485
2011 Increased CD13 expression reduces reactive oxygen species, promoting survival of liver cancer stem cells via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenomenon. Annals of surgical oncology 125 21879266
1997 Phosphorylation by p34cdc2 protein kinase regulates binding of the kinesin-related motor HsEg5 to the dynactin subunit p150. The Journal of biological chemistry 124 9235942
2005 Identification of CD13, CD107a, and CD164 as novel basophil-activation markers and dissection of two response patterns in time kinetics of IgE-dependent upregulation. Cell research 123 15916720
2004 A proteomic analysis of human bile. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 123 15084671
2008 The HP1-p150/CAF-1 interaction is required for pericentric heterochromatin replication and S-phase progression in mouse cells. Nature structural & molecular biology 122 19172751
2006 Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is selectively expressed in vascular endothelial cells and plays multiple roles in angiogenesis. Cancer letters 121 16466852
2012 The X-ray crystal structure of human aminopeptidase N reveals a novel dimer and the basis for peptide processing. The Journal of biological chemistry 117 22932899
2009 The LAP1 MYB transcription factor orchestrates anthocyanidin biosynthesis and glycosylation in Medicago. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 117 19368693
1993 CD13 (human aminopeptidase N) mediates human cytomegalovirus infection. Journal of virology 117 8105105
2007 Proteolytic processing of CXCL11 by CD13/aminopeptidase N impairs CXCR3 and CXCR7 binding and signaling and reduces lymphocyte and endothelial cell migration. Blood 116 17363734
1994 The leukocyte integrin p150,95 (CD11c/CD18) as a receptor for iC3b. Activation by a heterologous beta subunit and localization of a ligand recognition site to the I domain. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 116 7512600
1991 Separate promoters control transcription of the human aminopeptidase N gene in myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 111 1675638
2010 Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 108 20379614
2006 Clinical significance of aminopeptidase N in non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 105 16818694
2009 The retromer component SNX6 interacts with dynactin p150(Glued) and mediates endosome-to-TGN transport. Cell research 101 19935774
1985 Isolation of complement-fragment-iC3b-binding proteins by affinity chromatography. The identification of p150,95 as an iC3b-binding protein. The Biochemical journal 99 4062888
1987 Membrane glycoprotein p150,95 of human cytotoxic T cell clone is involved in conjugate formation with target cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 96 3106475
2006 Microtubule plus-end loading of p150(Glued) is mediated by EB1 and CLIP-170 but is not required for intracellular membrane traffic in mammalian cells. Journal of cell science 90 16772339
2007 The G59S mutation in p150(glued) causes dysfunction of dynactin in mice. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 89 18094236
2004 Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 lacking gp150 shows defective virion release but establishes normal latency in vivo. Journal of virology 88 15113892
2008 Huntingtin regulates RE1-silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) nuclear trafficking indirectly through a complex with REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein (RILP) and dynactin p150 Glued. The Journal of biological chemistry 87 18922795
1986 Ligand binding by the p150,95 antigen of U937 monocytic cells: properties in common with complement receptor type 3 (CR3). European journal of immunology 87 3530784
2021 Decoupling expression and editing preferences of ADAR1 p150 and p110 isoforms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84 33723056
2014 How lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) activates Torsin. eLife 82 25149450
1985 The role of neutrophil membrane glycoprotein 150 (Gp-150) in neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury in vitro. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 82 3889157
2003 The methyl-CpG binding protein MBD1 interacts with the p150 subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1. Molecular and cellular biology 78 12697822
2013 Dynactin subunit p150(Glued) is a neuron-specific anti-catastrophe factor. PLoS biology 73 23874158
2000 Human blood monocytes interact with type I collagen through alpha x beta 2 integrin (CD11c-CD18, gp150-95). Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 73 10820275
2004 p150 overexpression in gastric carcinoma: the association with p53, apoptosis and cell proliferation. International journal of cancer 70 15382063
1998 Expression of p150 in cervical neoplasia and its potential value in predicting survival. Cancer 68 9762939
1997 The inner nuclear membrane protein LAP1 forms a native complex with B-type lamins and partitions with spindle-associated mitotic vesicles. The EMBO journal 68 9305626
1990 Genomic structure of an integrin alpha subunit, the leukocyte p150,95 molecule. The Journal of biological chemistry 62 2303426
1988 Modulation of surface CD11/CD18 glycoproteins (Mo1, LFA-1, p150,95) by human mononuclear phagocytes. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 62 3123109
1986 The genetic deficiency of leukocyte surface glycoprotein Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 in humans is associated with defective antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro and defective protection against herpes simplex virus infection in vivo. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 61 3528287
2006 The replication kinase Cdc7-Dbf4 promotes the interaction of the p150 subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. EMBO reports 58 16826239
1999 Intracellular distribution of rubella virus nonstructural protein P150. Journal of virology 57 10438871
2019 Nuclear envelope-localized torsinA-LAP1 complex regulates hepatic VLDL secretion and steatosis. The Journal of clinical investigation 55 31408437
2014 Nuclear translocation of IGF-1R via p150(Glued) and an importin-β/RanBP2-dependent pathway in cancer cells. Oncogene 55 24909165
1996 Identification and characterization of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 gp150: a virion membrane glycoprotein. Journal of virology 55 8648686
1985 Transfer and expression of the gene encoding a human myeloid membrane antigen (gp150). The Journal of clinical investigation 54 3973018
1985 Leukocyte LFA-1, OKM1, p150,95 deficiency syndrome: functional and biosynthetic studies of three kindreds. Federation proceedings 50 3891420
2000 The membrane glycoprotein gp150 is encoded by the lagC gene and mediates cell-cell adhesion by heterophilic binding during Dictyostelium development. Developmental biology 49 11071787
2019 The use of cells from ANPEP knockout pigs to evaluate the role of aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Virology 48 32056711
2010 Par6 alpha interacts with the dynactin subunit p150 Glued and is a critical regulator of centrosomal protein recruitment. Molecular biology of the cell 48 20719959
1986 Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding a human myeloid membrane antigen (gp150). The Journal of clinical investigation 48 2428842
2019 IL6R-STAT3-ADAR1 (P150) interplay promotes oncogenicity in multiple myeloma with 1q21 amplification. Haematologica 46 31413087
1993 Characterization of the p150,95 leukocyte integrin alpha subunit (CD11c) gene promoter. Identification of cis-acting elements. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 7678251
2006 Novel Ambler class A beta-lactamase LAP-1 and its association with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrS1. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 42 17116662
1993 CD13 (GP150; aminopeptidase-N): predominant functional activity in blood is localized to plasma and is not cell-surface associated. Experimental hematology 42 7902291
2007 The murine gammaherpesvirus-68 gp150 acts as an immunogenic decoy to limit virion neutralization. PloS one 40 17684552
2001 A truncated form of the human CAF-1 p150 subunit impairs the maintenance of transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells. Molecular and cellular biology 40 11238931
2007 p150/95 (CD11c/CD18) expression is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The American journal of pathology 39 17525267
1998 Epstein-Barr virus recombinant lacking expression of glycoprotein gp150 infects B cells normally but is enhanced for infection of epithelial cells. Journal of virology 39 9696856
2010 Overexpression of p150, a part of the large subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, in colon cancer. Anticancer research 38 20530408
2008 Sumoylation of LAP1 is involved in the HDAC4-mediated repression of COX-2 transcription. Nucleic acids research 38 18820298
2023 LAP1 supports nuclear adaptability during constrained melanoma cell migration and invasion. Nature cell biology 37 36624187
2014 Identification of a novel human LAP1 isoform that is regulated by protein phosphorylation. PloS one 37 25461922
2003 Complementation of a deletion in the rubella virus p150 nonstructural protein by the viral capsid protein. Journal of virology 37 12915564
2020 The p150 Isoform of ADAR1 Blocks Sustained RLR signaling and Apoptosis during Influenza Virus Infection. PLoS pathogens 36 32898178
2011 Interaction of mammalian end binding proteins with CAP-Gly domains of CLIP-170 and p150(glued). Journal of structural biology 36 22119847
1992 Purification and partial characterization of a cell adhesion molecule (gp150) involved in postaggregation stage cell-cell binding in Dictyostelium discoideum. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 1577768
1987 Biosynthesis and glycosylation of p150,95 and related leukocyte adhesion proteins. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 3298434
2014 A separable domain of the p150 subunit of human chromatin assembly factor-1 promotes protein and chromosome associations with nucleoli. Molecular biology of the cell 35 25057015
2012 TRAPPC9 mediates the interaction between p150 and COPII vesicles at the target membrane. PloS one 35 22279557
2004 The p150-Glued Ssm4p regulates microtubular dynamics and nuclear movement in fission yeast. Journal of cell science 35 15509865
1991 CD-13 ('gp150'; aminopeptidase-N): co-expression on endothelial and haemopoietic cells with conservation of functional activity. Immunology and cell biology 35 1723966
2014 Structural basis for the extended CAP-Gly domains of p150(glued) binding to microtubules and the implication for tubulin dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 34 25059720
2018 In vitro investigation on probiotic, anti-Candida, and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacillus pentosus strain LAP1. Archives of oral biology 33 29499562
2012 The dynactin p150 subunit: cell biology studies of sequence changes found in ALS/MND and Parkinsonian syndromes. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 33 23143281
2009 Accumulation of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes, qepA and qnrS1, in Enterobacter aerogenes co-producing RmtB and class A beta-lactamase LAP-1. Annals of clinical and laboratory science 32 19201742
2001 A tumor host range selection procedure identifies p150(sal2) as a target of polyoma virus large T antigen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 32 11734654
2017 Silencing FLI or targeting CD13/ANPEP lead to dephosphorylation of EPHA2, a mediator of BRAF inhibitor resistance, and induce growth arrest or apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cell death & disease 31 29048432
1986 Binding of the adhesive protein complex (LFA-1/Mac-1/p150,95) to concanavalin A. Journal of leukocyte biology 31 3510266
1999 M phase phosphorylation of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain and p150(Glued). The Journal of biological chemistry 30 10318847
2010 Aurora A contributes to p150(glued) phosphorylation and function during mitosis. The Journal of cell biology 29 20479466
2004 p150(Glued), Dynein, and microtubules are specifically required for activation of MKK3/6 and p38 MAPKs. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 15375157
2018 Genetic ablation of dynactin p150Glued in postnatal neurons causes preferential degeneration of spinal motor neurons in aged mice. Molecular neurodegeneration 28 29490687
2003 Scabrous and Gp150 are endosomal proteins that regulate Notch activity. Development (Cambridge, England) 28 12756167
2016 The Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp150 Forms an Immune-Evasive Glycan Shield at the Surface of Infected Cells. PLoS pathogens 27 27077376
2011 In vivo roles of the basic domain of dynactin p150 in microtubule plus-end tracking and dynein function. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 27 22106867
2003 Putative hAPN receptor binding sites in SARS_CoV spike protein. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 27 12791172
1996 The beta 2 integrin Mac-1 but not p150,95 associates with Fc gamma RIIA. European journal of immunology 27 8566068
1995 Heterogenous glycosylation of ICAM-3 and lack of interaction with Mac-1 and p150,95. European journal of immunology 27 7737271
1985 Anticarcinogenic action of an alcohol-insoluble fraction (LAP1) from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Cancer letters 27 4039972
2018 Retrograde Degenerative Signaling Mediated by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Requires p150Glued Deacetylation by Axonal HDAC1. Developmental cell 26 30086304
1999 Characteristics of fibrinogen binding to the domain of CD11c, an alpha subunit of p150,95. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 25 10543983