Affinage

ANAPC4

Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 · UniProt Q9UJX5

Round 2 corrected
Length
808 aa
Mass
92.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
73 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ANAPC4 (APC4) is a core scaffolding subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for metaphase-to-anaphase transition and mitotic exit. APC4 contains a split WD40 domain interrupted by a long α-helical domain and, together with APC1 and APC5, forms the platform subcomplex that bridges the catalytic module (APC2/APC11) to the TPR coactivator-binding lobe; these platform subunits exhibit co-dependent protein stability (PMID:12956947, PMID:26343760, PMID:25903336). APC4 is the principal SUMO target within the APC/C during mitosis: SUMOylation at K772 and K798—promoted by CDK1 activity and stabilized by lactate-mediated inhibition of the SUMO protease SENP1—drives UBE2C recruitment, repositions the APC2 WHB domain to attenuate mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) inhibition, and is required for timely anaphase onset (PMID:29549242, PMID:29517484, PMID:33789095, PMID:36921622). Beyond cell division, APC4 functions in postmitotic neurons where its scaffolding role—independent of SUMOylation—controls USP1 levels and primary neurite number (PMID:38932933).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Identification and cloning of APC4 as a novel subunit of the human APC/C established it as a structurally distinct component lacking homology to known functional domains, opening the question of what role it plays in the complex.

    Evidence Biochemical purification and molecular cloning of four new APC/C subunits from human cells

    PMID:9469815

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional data for APC4 beyond complex membership
    • Domain architecture unknown
  2. 1999 High

    Genetic studies in fission yeast (Cut20) and C. elegans (EMB-30) demonstrated that APC4 orthologs are essential for the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, establishing a conserved requirement for this subunit in APC/C-dependent cell division across eukaryotes.

    Evidence Temperature-sensitive mutants in S. pombe and loss-of-function alleles in C. elegans with metaphase arrest phenotypes and genetic epistasis with spindle checkpoint components

    PMID:10526233 PMID:10749938

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of APC4 contribution to APC/C activity not resolved
    • Direct biochemical function not addressed
  3. 2003 High

    Biochemical reconstitution revealed that APC4 forms a subcomplex with APC1 and APC5 that supports multiubiquitin chain formation but cannot bind coactivators, defining APC4's role as a scaffold bridging the catalytic and coactivator-binding modules.

    Evidence Fractionation of APC/C subcomplexes with in vitro ubiquitination and CDH1 binding assays

    PMID:12956947

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural information on how APC4 interfaces with adjacent modules
    • APC4 contacts with APC2/APC11 not mapped
  4. 2011 High

    Cryo-EM and crystal structures provided the first pseudo-atomic model of APC4 within the assembled APC/C, showing it coordinates the platform that juxtaposes the catalytic and TPR modules, and later revealing a split WD40 domain stabilized by contacts with APC5.

    Evidence Recombinant APC/C reconstitution, electron microscopy with docked crystal/homology models; subsequent APC4 crystal structure at atomic resolution fitted to 3.6-Å cryo-EM map

    PMID:21307936 PMID:26343760

    Open questions at the time
    • Flexible regions of APC4 not resolved in crystal structure
    • Structural basis for how APC4 communicates with the catalytic module remained unclear
  5. 2012 High

    The discovery that HCMV protein pUL21a directly targets APC4 and APC5 for proteasomal degradation, and that siRNA knockdown of any single platform subunit destabilizes all three (APC1/APC4/APC5), revealed an interdependent stability mechanism within the platform subcomplex.

    Evidence Viral mutant genetics, co-immunoprecipitation, proteasome inhibitor assays, siRNA knockdown of individual subunits

    PMID:20686030 PMID:22792066 PMID:25903336

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of co-dependent degradation not identified
    • Whether platform destabilization also affects catalytic subunit levels not tested
  6. 2014 Medium

    In a Pqbp1-knockout microcephaly model, APC4 was identified as a functionally limiting node whose exogenous expression rescued neural stem progenitor cell cycle defects, linking APC4 dosage to brain development.

    Evidence Conditional knockout mouse model, AAV-mediated APC4 rescue, cell cycle analysis in NSPCs

    PMID:25070536

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism by which reduced APC4 causes NSPC phenotypes not established
    • Whether APC4 is the sole limiting subunit in this context unclear
  7. 2018 High

    Two independent studies established that APC4 is the major SUMO target on the APC/C during mitosis, with K772 and K798 as the acceptor sites, and that this modification is required for timely APC/C activation and anaphase onset; a SUMO-interacting motif on APC2 was identified as the likely intramolecular receptor.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of APC4 SUMO sites and APC2 SIM, live-cell mitotic timing assays, ubiquitination assays in two independent laboratories

    PMID:29517484 PMID:29549242

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of SUMO-SIM interaction within the complex not resolved
    • Upstream regulation of APC4 SUMOylation kinetics not fully defined
  8. 2021 High

    Cryo-EM of SUMOylated APC/C revealed that APC4 SUMOylation repositions the APC2 WHB domain, reducing MCC affinity and thereby attenuating spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition—providing the structural mechanism for how SUMOylation activates APC/C at anaphase onset.

    Evidence Reconstituted SUMOylated APC/C, cryo-EM, MCC binding and ubiquitination assays

    PMID:33789095

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether WHB repositioning also affects non-MCC substrates differentially is unknown
    • In vivo validation of the conformational change not performed
  9. 2023 High

    Lactate was identified as a physiological regulator of APC4 SUMOylation through inhibition of the SUMO protease SENP1 via zinc complexation, connecting cellular metabolic state to APC/C activation timing and mitotic exit.

    Evidence Proteome-wide lactate-binding screen, SENP1 inhibition assays, APC4 SUMOylation site mutagenesis, UBE2C co-immunoprecipitation, mitotic exit assays

    PMID:36921622

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether lactate-SENP1 axis acts on APC4 SUMOylation in all tissue contexts is untested
    • Quantitative relationship between lactate concentration and mitotic timing not established in vivo
  10. 2024 Medium

    Conditional deletion of Anapc4 in postmitotic neurons demonstrated a SUMOylation-independent scaffolding function controlling USP1 levels and neurite number, distinguishing APC4's structural role from its mitosis-specific SUMOylation-dependent regulatory function.

    Evidence Neuron-specific Anapc4 conditional knockout in mice, comparison of SUMOylation-deficient and null phenotypes, neurite morphology quantification

    PMID:38932933

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether APC4 scaffolding controls USP1 through direct ubiquitination or indirectly is unresolved
    • Coactivator dependence (Cdh1 vs Cdc20) for the neuronal phenotype not fully clarified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the structural basis of the APC4-SUMO/APC2-SIM interaction at atomic resolution, identification of the full substrate repertoire whose ubiquitination specifically depends on APC4 SUMOylation, and the molecular mechanism by which APC4 loss destabilizes APC1/APC5 and whether this involves a dedicated quality-control pathway.
  • No atomic-resolution structure of SUMO-modified APC4 in complex with APC2 SIM
  • Full set of SUMOylation-dependent APC/C substrates not cataloged
  • Degradation pathway for orphan platform subunits not identified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 7 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
ANAPC1ANAPC2ANAPC5CDC23SENP1UBE2C
Complex memberships
APC/C

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 ANAPC4 (APC4) was identified and cloned as one of four previously unknown human APC/C subunits. Unlike APC2 (which contains a cullin-homology region) and APC7 (which contains TPR repeats), APC4 and APC5 share no similarity to proteins of known function, establishing APC4 as a structurally distinct core subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. Molecular cloning, biochemical purification, sequence analysis Science High 9469815
2000 The C. elegans APC4 ortholog EMB-30 is required for metaphase-to-anaphase transitions during both meiosis and mitosis. Loss of emb-30 causes metaphase arrest that is independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint, and reduction of emb-30 activity suppresses the lethality of mdf-1/MAD1 null mutants by delaying anaphase onset. Genetic loss-of-function (emb-30 mutant alleles), time-lapse imaging, positional cloning, genetic epistasis with mdf-1 Molecular biology of the cell High 10749938
1999 Fission yeast Cut20 (APC4 ortholog) is a component of the APC/cyclosome required for metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Cut20 interacts closely with Cut4 during cyclosome assembly; cut20 mutants are hypersensitive to canavanine and CdCl2 and are suppressed by PKA-inactivating regulators, phenotypes shared with cut4 but not cut23. Temperature-sensitive mutant screen, sucrose gradient centrifugation, genetic epistasis, stress sensitivity assays Genes to cells Medium 10526233
2003 APC4 (together with APC1 and APC5) forms a subcomplex that can assemble multiubiquitin chains but cannot bind the coactivator CDH1 or ubiquitinate substrates, establishing APC4 as part of a scaffold that connects the catalytic module (APC2/APC11) with the TPR subunits responsible for coactivator binding. Biochemical fractionation of APC/C subcomplexes, in vitro ubiquitination assays, CDH1 binding assays Current biology : CB High 12956947
2007 In C. elegans, hypomorphic alleles of emb-30/APC4 suppress mdf-1/MAD1 lethality by delaying anaphase onset and causing securin (IFY-1/Pds1) accumulation, placing APC4 as a rate-limiting component of APC/C activity controlling the timing of anaphase. EMS mutagenesis suppressor screen, time-lapse imaging of embryos, securin accumulation assay Genetics Medium 17237515
2010 Human cytomegalovirus infection causes proteasome-dependent degradation of APC4 and APC5, which is temporally associated with disassembly of the APC/C core complex. This degradation does not require UL97-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 and depends on a viral early gene product. Western blot, proteasome inhibitor treatment, infection with UL97 deletion virus, mass spectrometry Journal of virology Medium 20686030
2011 Crystal structure and cryo-EM analysis of the APC/C revealed that APC4, together with APC1 and APC5, forms a platform subcomplex that coordinates juxtaposition of the catalytic module (APC2, APC11, APC10) with the TPR subcomplex (Cdc16, Cdc23, Cdc27), providing a pseudo-atomic model for APC4's scaffolding role. Recombinant reconstitution, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, docking of crystallographic and homology models Nature High 21307936
2012 HCMV protein pUL21a directly binds the APC/C and is necessary and sufficient for proteasome-dependent degradation of APC4 and APC5, causing APC/C disruption. A proline-arginine motif at residues 109-110 of pUL21a is critical for APC binding and APC4 degradation. Proteomics, expression of pUL21a mutants, proteasome inhibitor assays, co-immunoprecipitation, point mutant virus construction PLoS pathogens High 22792066
2015 Crystal structure of APC4 was determined at atomic resolution, revealing that APC4 comprises a WD40 domain split by a long α-helical domain. In the context of the APC/C (fitted to a 3.6-Å cryo-EM map), regions of APC4 disordered in the crystal become ordered through contacts with APC5. Protein crystallography, cryo-EM fitting Journal of molecular biology High 26343760
2015 HCMV protein UL21a induces degradation of APC1 in addition to APC4 and APC5. In uninfected cells, depletion of any one of APC1, APC4, APC5, or APC8 triggers a cellular mechanism that specifically reduces levels of all three platform subunits (APC1, APC4, APC5), revealing an interdependency in platform subcomplex stability. siRNA knockdown, Western blot, viral mutant infection Journal of virology Medium 25903336
2016 APC4 and APC5 are part of the APC/C platform subcomplex (with APC1 and APC15) that connects the catalytic module to the TPR lobe. The WD40 domain of APC1 mediates coactivator-induced conformational changes that expose the UbcH10-binding site, with APC4/APC5 providing structural scaffolding for this allosteric transition. Crystal structure of APC1 N-terminal domain, cryo-EM of APC/C-Cdh1 deletion mutant, in vitro ubiquitination assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 27601667
2018 APC4 is the major SUMO target within the APC/C during mitosis in human cells, with SUMO acceptor lysines at positions 772 and 798. SUMOylation of APC4 peaks during mitosis and is critical for timely APC/C activation and anaphase onset, and increases APC/C ubiquitylation activity toward a subset of substrates including KIF18B. SUMO machinery knockdown, site-directed mutagenesis of APC4 lysine residues, ubiquitination assays, live-cell mitotic timing assays Nature communications High 29549242
2018 SUMOylation of the APC4 subunit peaks during mitosis and is critical for timely APC/C activation and anaphase onset. A functionally important SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) was identified in the cullin-homology domain of APC2, located near the APC4 SUMOylation sites, suggesting a SUMO-SIM interaction mechanism that regulates APC/C activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of APC4 SUMOylation sites, APC2 SIM identification and mutagenesis, cell-based mitotic progression assays eLife High 29517484
2021 Cryo-EM structural analysis of SUMOylated APC/C revealed that SUMOylation of APC4 causes a substantial rearrangement of the WHB domain of APC2 (APC2WHB). This repositioning reduces APC/CCdc20 affinity for the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), attenuating MCC-mediated suppression and allowing more efficient substrate ubiquitination when the SAC is silenced. Reconstitution of SUMOylated APC/C, cryo-EM, biochemical APC/C activity assays, MCC binding assays Cell reports High 33789095
2023 Accumulated lactate inhibits the SUMO protease SENP1 by forming a complex with zinc in the SENP1 active site. SENP1 inhibition stabilizes SUMOylation of APC4 at two specific residues, which drives UBE2C binding to the APC/C, stimulating timed degradation of cell cycle proteins and efficient mitotic exit in proliferating human cells. Systematic proteome-wide lactate-binding screen, biochemical SENP1 inhibition assays, APC4 SUMOylation site mutagenesis, UBE2C co-immunoprecipitation, mitotic exit assays Nature High 36921622
2014 In Pqbp1-conditional knockout mice with microcephaly, Apc4 was identified as a hub gene in the network of APC/C-related genes whose expression is disrupted. Exogenous Apc4 expression rescued cell cycle length, proliferation, and cell phenotypes of NSPCs caused by Pqbp1-cKO, demonstrating that Apc4 is a functionally limiting node in APC/C-mediated M-phase progression in neural stem progenitor cells. Conditional knockout mouse model, gene expression profiling, AAV-mediated exogenous Apc4 rescue, cell cycle analysis Molecular psychiatry Medium 25070536
2024 Deletion of Anapc4 specifically in neurons (conditional KO) revealed that APC/C controls USP1 protein levels in neurons and regulates the number of primary neurites exiting somata. APC4 SUMOylation was found not to impact primary neurite number or USP1 levels, distinguishing the structural APC4 scaffolding function from its SUMOylation-dependent mitotic role. Conditional knockout of Anapc4 in mouse neurons, Western blot for substrates, neurite morphology analysis, comparison with coactivator (Cdh1/Cdc20) perturbations Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Medium 38932933
2023 Homozygous missense variants in CDC23 (APC8) that cause female infertility in humans lead to decreased CDC23 and APC4 protein levels and accumulation of securin and cyclin B1 in mouse oocytes, demonstrating that APC4 protein stability depends on the integrity of the APC/C platform and is required for oocyte maturation. Patient variant identification, Cdc23 knockin mice, Western blot for APC4 and substrates, oocyte maturation phenotyping Human genetics Medium 37768355

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 73 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 7256 17554300
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2003 Genome-wide survey of human alternative pre-mRNA splicing with exon junction microarrays. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1117 14684825
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2009 A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies multiple synthetic lethal interactions with the Ras oncogene. Cell 843 19490893
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2001 Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C in HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2. The Journal of cell biology 726 11535616
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Mechanism of ubiquitin-chain formation by the human anaphase-promoting complex. Cell 442 18485873
2011 SIRT2 maintains genome integrity and suppresses tumorigenesis through regulating APC/C activity. Cancer cell 441 22014574
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
2001 Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-dependent proteolysis of human cyclin A starts at the beginning of mitosis and is not subject to the spindle assembly checkpoint. The Journal of cell biology 372 11285280
2000 Mitotic regulation of the APC activator proteins CDC20 and CDH1. Molecular biology of the cell 363 10793135
2000 Characterization of vertebrate cohesin complexes and their regulation in prophase. The Journal of cell biology 358 11076961
2003 Mitotic regulation of the human anaphase-promoting complex by phosphorylation. The EMBO journal 341 14657031
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2011 Nuclear PTEN regulates the APC-CDH1 tumor-suppressive complex in a phosphatase-independent manner. Cell 318 21241890
2002 Human securin proteolysis is controlled by the spindle checkpoint and reveals when the APC/C switches from activation by Cdc20 to Cdh1. The Journal of cell biology 274 12070128
2017 Assembly and Function of Heterotypic Ubiquitin Chains in Cell-Cycle and Protein Quality Control. Cell 255 29033132
1999 Accumulation of cyclin B1 requires E2F and cyclin-A-dependent rearrangement of the anaphase-promoting complex. Nature 250 10548110
2005 The anaphase-promoting complex: a key factor in the regulation of cell cycle. Oncogene 211 15678131
1998 Identification of a cullin homology region in a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 211 9469815
2015 A deep proteomics perspective on CRM1-mediated nuclear export and nucleocytoplasmic partitioning. eLife 198 26673895
2015 Atomic structure of the APC/C and its mechanism of protein ubiquitination. Nature 187 26083744
2023 Lactate regulates cell cycle by remodelling the anaphase promoting complex. Nature 177 36921622
2003 TPR subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex mediate binding to the activator protein CDH1. Current biology : CB 172 12956947
2011 Structural basis for the subunit assembly of the anaphase-promoting complex. Nature 137 21307936
2000 EMB-30: an APC4 homologue required for metaphase-to-anaphase transitions during meiosis and mitosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular biology of the cell 113 10749938
1998 A role for cyclin-dependent kinase(s) in the modulation of fast anterograde axonal transport: effects defined by olomoucine and the APC tumor suppressor protein. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 63 9742142
2002 The Cdc20 homolog, FZY-1, and its interacting protein, IFY-1, are required for proper chromosome segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Current biology : CB 59 12498686
2018 SUMO targets the APC/C to regulate transition from metaphase to anaphase. Nature communications 45 29549242
2011 The Arabidopsis APC4 subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is critical for both female gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 40 21910774
2014 In utero gene therapy rescues microcephaly caused by Pqbp1-hypofunction in neural stem progenitor cells. Molecular psychiatry 37 25070536
2016 The anaphase-promoting complex initiates zygote division in Arabidopsis through degradation of cyclin B1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 34 26952278
1999 Fission yeast APC/cyclosome subunits, Cut20/Apc4 and Cut23/Apc8, in regulating metaphase-anaphase progression and cellular stress responses. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 34 10526233
2010 Y-box binding protein 1 is up-regulated in proliferative breast cancer and its inhibition deregulates the cell cycle. International journal of oncology 32 20596676
2010 Inactivation and disassembly of the anaphase-promoting complex during human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with degradation of the APC5 and APC4 subunits and does not require UL97-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1. Journal of virology 32 20686030
2018 Sumoylation promotes optimal APC/C Activation and Timely Anaphase. eLife 31 29517484
2013 The Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome subunit 1 is critical for both female gametogenesis and embryogenesis(F). Journal of integrative plant biology 29 23206231
2012 Proteasome-dependent disruption of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex by HCMV protein pUL21a. PLoS pathogens 28 22792066
2014 MicroRNA-452 contributes to the docetaxel resistance of breast cancer cells. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 27 24648265
2007 Suppressors of spindle checkpoint defect (such) mutants identify new mdf-1/MAD1 interactors in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 24 17237515
2021 The amyloid proteome: a systematic review and proposal of a protein classification system. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology 21 34311636
2016 WD40 domain of Apc1 is critical for the coactivator-induced allosteric transition that stimulates APC/C catalytic activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 17 27601667
2015 Studies on the Contribution of Human Cytomegalovirus UL21a and UL97 to Viral Growth and Inactivation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Reveal a Unique Cellular Mechanism for Downmodulation of the APC/C Subunits APC1, APC4, and APC5. Journal of virology 17 25903336
2021 Molecular mechanisms of APC/C release from spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition by APC/C SUMOylation. Cell reports 16 33789095
2015 Association between cell cycle gene transcription and tumor size in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 16 26152289
2013 A minimal anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in Trypanosoma brucei. PloS one 16 23533609
2020 Integrating GWAS and eQTL to predict genes and pathways for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate. Oral diseases 14 33128317
2019 Translatome and transcriptome analysis of TMA20 (MCT-1) and TMA64 (eIF2D) knockout yeast strains. Data in brief 13 30815525
2019 Transcriptome analysis revealed that aflatoxin M1 could cause cell cycle arrest in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 13 30928695
2023 Homozygous variants in CDC23 cause female infertility characterized by oocyte maturation defects. Human genetics 9 37768355
2015 Atomic-Resolution Structures of the APC/C Subunits Apc4 and the Apc5 N-Terminal Domain. Journal of molecular biology 9 26343760
2020 Investigating the Role of Telomere and Telomerase Associated Genes and Proteins in Endometrial Cancer. Methods and protocols 8 32899298
2023 Transcriptome Analysis of Reciprocal Hybrids Between Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata Reveals the Potential Mechanisms Underlying Thermo-Resistant Heterosis. Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) 5 36653591
2024 Genetic overlap and causality between COVID-19 and multi-site chronic pain: the importance of immunity. Frontiers in immunology 3 38633255
2021 Concurrent mutations associated with trastuzumab-resistance revealed by single cell sequencing. Breast cancer research and treatment 3 33905021
2025 Bayesian fine-mapping and Mendelian randomization leveraging expression quantitative trait loci reveal novel candidate causal genes for body conformation traits in cattle. Journal of dairy science 2 40383388
2024 TRMT13 inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid cancer by targeting ANAPC4. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 2 38425244
2024 Deletion of a core APC/C component reveals APC/C function in regulating neuronal USP1 levels and morphology. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2 38932933
2025 Air pollution exacerbates cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia comorbidity via shared genetic-epigenetic mechanisms: A multi-omics and Mendelian Randomization study. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 1 41270966
2024 Cannabinol Regulates the Expression of Cell Cycle-Associated Genes in Motor Neuron-like NSC-34: A Transcriptomic Analysis. Biomedicines 1 38927547
2010 [Effect of recombinant pEGFP-N3-APC vectors carrying various APC functional domains on the expression of beta-catenin in HT-29 cells]. Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences 1 20197613
2026 Transcriptional Modulation of Infertility-Associated Genes Following Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Human Fallopian Tube Mesenchymal Cells: In Silico Study. Genes 0 41898836
2025 PTTG1 as a common promising target for PCOS, Ovarian Cancer, and Major Depressive Disorder patients. Computational biology and chemistry 0 40925190
2025 Unraveling the shared genetic architecture of osteoarthritis and metabolic traits through multi-omics insights. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 0 41167325