| 2006 |
VLGR1 (ADGRV1) is the molecular identity of the ankle link antigen in auditory hair bundles; it is required for ankle link formation at the base of developing stereocilia. Loss of Vlgr1 (Vlgr1/del7TM) abolishes ankle links, causes disorganized hair bundles, impairs mechanotransduction in cochlear hair cells (FM1-43 dye loading and whole-cell recordings), and results in severe deafness. |
Mass spectrometry identification, immunoblotting, targeted Vlgr1 mouse knockout, FM1-43 dye loading, whole-cell electrophysiology, auditory brainstem recording, distortion product otoacoustic emissions |
The Journal of neuroscience |
High |
16775142
|
| 2006 |
VLGR1b directly associates with the PDZ scaffold protein whirlin and with USH2A isoform b; these three proteins co-localize at synaptic regions of photoreceptor cells and outer hair cells, at the connecting cilium, and in spiral ganglion neurons, placing VLGR1 within a macromolecular PDZ scaffold (Usher protein interactome). |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry/confocal co-localization in retina and cochlea |
Human molecular genetics |
High |
16434480
|
| 2004 |
Loss of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of VLGR1 (Vlgr1/del7TM knock-in) causes audiogenic seizure susceptibility in mice, demonstrating that the intracellular/transmembrane region of VLGR1 is required for its function in the nervous system. |
Targeted gene mutation (del7TM knock-in mice), audiogenic seizure behavioral testing, Western blot |
Molecular and cellular neurosciences |
High |
15207856
|
| 2005 |
Vlgr1 knockout mice (lacking exons 2–4) develop audiogenic seizure susceptibility without priming and without apparent brain histological abnormalities, confirming VLGR1 loss-of-function as sufficient to cause seizures. |
Knockout mouse generation (exon 2–4 deletion), audiogenic seizure behavioral testing, histology |
Journal of neurochemistry |
High |
15606908
|
| 2007 |
Vlgr1 protein localizes specifically to the base of stereocilia (within ~200–400 nm from the hair cell apical surface) as shown by immunoelectron microscopy; loss of Vlgr1 causes stereocilia disorganization starting at postnatal day 8, establishing a structural role for VLGR1 in stereocilia maturation. |
Confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, ABR, DPOAE, Vlgr1 knockout mouse model |
Genes to cells |
High |
17295842
|
| 2014 |
VLGR1 undergoes autocleavage at the GPS/GPCR proteolytic site to produce two fragments. The cleaved VLGR1 β-subunit constitutively inhibits adenylate cyclase (AC) through Gαi coupling. An R6002A mutation in intracellular loop 2 abolishes Gαi coupling. PDZD7 overexpression decreases AC inhibition by the VLGR1 β-subunit, identifying PDZD7 as a negative regulator of VLGR1 Gαi signaling. A pathogenic VLGR1 Y6236fsx1 mutant shows increased AC inhibition and is insensitive to PDZD7 regulation. |
Heterologous expression, cAMP/AC activity assays, Gαiq chimera co-expression, site-directed mutagenesis (R6002A), co-expression with PDZD7 |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
24962568
|
| 2012 |
Specific VLGR1 variants undergo differential vesicular trafficking in cochlear hair cells: apically trafficked VLGR1 co-localizes with the early endosomal marker Rab5, while basally trafficked VLGR1 associates with membrane microdomains and physically interacts with SNAP25 (co-immunoprecipitation in organ of Corti and brain), implicating VLGR1 in vesicle docking/fusion at the basolateral compartment. |
Confocal co-localization, sucrose density gradients, vesicle trafficking inhibitors, co-immunoprecipitation (SNAP25–VLGR1) |
The Journal of neuroscience |
Medium |
23035094
|
| 2021 |
VLGR1/ADGRV1 localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and assembles in FA protein complexes in situ. Depletion or loss of VLGR1 decreases FA number and length in hTERT-RPE1 cells and mouse astrocytes. VLGR1 depletion reduces cell spreading, migration kinetics, and response to mechanical stretch, defining VLGR1 as a metabotropic mechanosensor in FAs. |
Affinity proteomics, immunofluorescence, FA morphometric analysis in cells and primary astrocytes from Vlgr1 mutant mice, mechanical stretch assay, migration kinetics assay |
iScience |
High |
33851099
|
| 2022 |
VLGR1/ADGRV1 localizes to mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) and interacts with key MAM proteins (confirmed by pull-down and proximity ligation assays). Loss of VLGR1 in mouse tissues and cells alters MAM architecture and dysregulates Ca²⁺ transfer from ER to mitochondria, establishing VLGR1 as a regulator of Ca²⁺ homeostasis at MAMs. |
Affinity proteomics, in vitro pull-down, proximity ligation assay, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Ca²⁺ transient monitoring in VLGR1-deficient mouse models and cells |
Cells |
High |
36139365
|
| 2023 |
ADGRV1 regulates autophagy: affinity proteomics identified autophagosome components as VLGR1 interactors; transcriptome analysis of Vlgr1/del7TM retinae showed altered autophagy gene expression; loss of VLGR1 in hTERT-RPE1 cells and patient-derived fibroblasts evokes autophagy as measured by LC3 and p62 marker immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. |
Affinity proteomics, whole-transcriptome sequencing, immunoblotting (LC3, p62), immunocytochemistry in VLGR1-deficient cells and patient-derived fibroblasts |
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology |
Medium |
37002809
|
| 2023 |
The ADGRV1 Y6236fsX1 mutation disrupts interaction between ADGRV1 and other ankle-link complex (ALC) components (USH2A, WHRN), causing stereocilia disorganization and MET deficits. ADGRV1 normally inhibits WHRN phosphorylation through regional cAMP-PKA signaling, stabilizing USH2A. The E3 ligase WDSUB1 binds phosphorylated WHRN and regulates USH2A ubiquitination. FlAsH-BRET, NMR, and mutagenesis defined ALC architectural organization and interaction motifs. |
Adgrv1 Y6236fsX1 knock-in mouse model, MET current recording, yeast two-hybrid, FlAsH-BRET assay, NMR spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis, cAMP-PKA signaling assays, ubiquitination assays |
Advanced science |
High |
37066759
|
| 2022 |
The two N-terminal PDZ domains of PDZD7 both bind to the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) of ADGRV1, with critical contribution from atypical C-terminal β-extensions. The two PDZ domains form a supramodule in solution stabilized upon PBM binding. Two deafness-causing mutations in PDZD7 PDZ binding grooves reduce stability and binding to ADGRV1 PBM. |
NMR spectroscopy, pull-down assays, binding affinity measurements, structural modeling, site-directed mutagenesis of deafness variants |
Frontiers in molecular biosciences |
High |
35836927
|
| 2023 |
ADGRV1 and CIB2 (USH1J protein) mutually interact (co-immunoprecipitation). Their interactomes show high overlap and both proteins interact with the TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex and BBS chaperonin-like proteins. ADGRV1 and CIB2 co-localize with these partners at photoreceptor cilia. |
Tandem affinity purification/mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, GO term analysis, immunohistochemistry on retinal sections |
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology |
Medium |
37427378
|
| 2025 |
ADGRV1 localizes to the base of primary cilia and interacts with TRiC/CCT chaperonins and BBS chaperonin-like proteins. Knockdown of ADGRV1, CCT2/3, or BBS6 each reduces ciliated cell numbers and cilium length. ADGRV1 localization to cilia depends on the TRiC/CCT-BBS co-complex; in its absence, ADGRV1 is depleted from cilia and degraded via the proteasome. |
Affinity proteomics, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown of ADGRV1/CCT2/CCT3/BBS6, ciliogenesis phenotype quantification, proteasome inhibitor rescue experiments |
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology |
High |
40103630
|
| 2023 |
VLGR1/ADGRV1 controls focal adhesion (FA) turnover: in Vlgr1-deficient astrocytes, FA de novo assembly is significantly delayed (nocodazole washout assay) while FA disassembly is unaffected; FRAP experiments show reduced turnover kinetics in VLGR1-deficient FAs, establishing VLGR1 as specifically required for FA assembly. |
Nocodazole washout live-cell imaging of paxillin-DsRed2, FRAP experiments in Vlgr1-deficient astrocytes |
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology |
Medium |
36929698
|
| 2023 |
The usherin c.2299delG mutation causes mislocalization of VLGR1 (and whirlin) in photoreceptors in a knock-in mouse, demonstrating that the USH2A–VLGR1 interaction is required for proper VLGR1 localization; disruption of this interaction underlies retinal degeneration. |
USH2A c.2299delG knock-in mouse, immunofluorescence for VLGR1 and whirlin localization, ERG, OCT/structural analysis |
Nature communications |
Medium |
36810733
|
| 2023 |
In adgrv1 knockout zebrafish, Adgrv1 is absent from the photoreceptor connecting cilium; absence leads to reduced levels of usherin and Whrnb at the connecting cilium, increased aberrantly localized rhodopsin in photoreceptor cell bodies, and decreased ERG B-wave amplitudes, indicating ADGRV1 is required for USH2 complex integrity and rhodopsin trafficking in the retina. |
CRISPR/Cas9 adgrv1 knockout zebrafish, immunohistochemistry, ERG recording |
Cells |
Medium |
37371069
|
| 2025 |
STED nanoscopy of juvenile mouse hair cells revealed that the extracellular domain of ADGRV1 is no longer detectable after postnatal day 12, while the GPCR (transmembrane/intracellular) domain persists until P21. ADGRV1 and PDZD7 show highly asymmetric distribution within stereocilia rows and between inner and outer hair cells, with strong co-localization, demonstrating tightly regulated subcellular targeting. |
STED super-resolution nanoscopy on juvenile mouse cochlear hair cells |
iScience |
Medium |
40836926
|
| 2026 |
ADGRV1 in hippocampal astrocytes regulates glutamate homeostasis: affinity proteomics showed ADGRV1 interacts with astrocyte-enriched proteins; Adgrv1-deficient mouse hippocampi show reduced astrocyte numbers and altered morphology; glutamate uptake is significantly reduced in Adgrv1-deficient astrocytes (colorimetric assay and live-cell imaging of genetic glutamate reporter); key enzymes of the glutamate-glutamine cycle are dysregulated; astrocytic support for neuronal development is compromised. |
Affinity proteomics, transcriptome analysis (USH2C patient cells and Adgrv1 KO mouse hippocampi), astrocyte morphometry, colorimetric glutamate uptake assay, live-cell imaging with genetic glutamate reporter, expression analysis of glutamate cycle enzymes |
Acta neuropathologica communications |
Medium |
42002803
|