Affinage

VSNL1

Visinin-like protein 1 · UniProt P62760

Length
191 aa
Mass
22.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
54 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VSNL1 (VILIP-1) is a neuronal calcium sensor protein that transduces intracellular Ca²⁺ signals into changes in cyclic nucleotide signaling, receptor surface expression, and cytoskeletal dynamics. It possesses four EF-hand motifs of which EF2 and EF3 actively bind Ca²⁺, triggering a calcium-myristoyl switch that drives reversible translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane and Golgi compartments, where it stimulates adenylyl cyclase to elevate cAMP and physically interacts with particulate guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B) to modulate cGMP levels (PMID:7806504, PMID:21169352, PMID:12196554, PMID:9109541, PMID:11579136). In its membrane-associated state, VSNL1 promotes clathrin-dependent receptor recycling, thereby upregulating surface expression of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and P2X3 purinergic receptors with consequent effects on synaptic responsiveness and pain signaling (PMID:19063970, PMID:23707265, PMID:15923662). Through its cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling axis, VSNL1 regulates dendrite branching in hippocampal neurons and suppresses Snail1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells, functioning as a tumor-suppressive modulator of cell migration (PMID:22832524, PMID:22479362, PMID:21480386).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Identifying VSNL1 as a brain-specific EF-hand calcium sensor established it within the neuronal calcium sensor family, raising the question of how it couples Ca²⁺ binding to downstream signaling.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern analysis, and in situ hybridization in chicken brain

    PMID:1359372

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian ortholog not yet cloned
    • No functional assay for Ca²⁺-dependent activity
    • Downstream signaling unknown
  2. 1994 High

    Demonstrating that only two of four EF-hands (EF2 and EF3) actively bind Ca²⁺ and that binding induces a conformational change defined the biophysical basis of VSNL1 activation.

    Evidence Flow dialysis, equilibrium gel filtration, and tryptophan fluorescence on recombinant protein

    PMID:7806504

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural model of the conformational change
    • Functional consequence of Ca²⁺ binding in cells unknown
    • Myristoylation not yet examined
  3. 1996 High

    Finding that VSNL1 partitions into cytoplasmic, membrane, and cytoskeletal fractions—with Ca²⁺-dependent actin binding—revealed it as a signal-regulated scaffold linking Ca²⁺ to cytoskeletal dynamics.

    Evidence Cell fractionation, actin overlay assay, co-immunoprecipitation from brain, and immunocytochemistry in PC12 cells

    PMID:8780737

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of actin interaction on cell behavior unclear
    • Whether myristoylation is required for cytoskeletal binding not tested
  4. 1997 High

    Establishing the calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism and its requirement for adenylyl cyclase/cAMP stimulation linked VSNL1's membrane translocation to a defined second messenger output.

    Evidence Myristoylation-site mutagenesis, cAMP assay, and subcellular fractionation in C6 glioma and PC12 cells

    PMID:9109541 PMID:9147390 PMID:9364517

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct adenylyl cyclase isoform target not identified
    • In vivo relevance of cAMP regulation not shown
    • Olfactory cilia data suggested inhibitory rather than stimulatory action, context-dependence unresolved
  5. 1999 Medium

    Discovery that VSNL1 binds dsRNA (including trkB 3′-UTR) in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner suggested an unexpected role in post-transcriptional regulation of dendritic mRNAs.

    Evidence Mobility shift assay and RNA binding assay with recombinant VILIP

    PMID:10531361

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of RNA binding not demonstrated
    • No effect on trkB protein levels shown
    • Not independently confirmed
  6. 2001 High

    Demonstrating physical interaction with particulate guanylyl cyclases (GC-A/GC-B) and functional stimulation of cGMP production established VSNL1 as a dual cyclic-nucleotide regulator operating through distinct membrane vs. cytosolic targets.

    Evidence GST pull-down, surface plasmon resonance, cGMP assays in C6/PC12 cells, and recombinant protein introduction into cerebellar granule cells

    PMID:11579136

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of GC interaction unknown
    • In vivo cGMP regulation not tested
    • Relative importance of cAMP vs. cGMP arms unresolved
  7. 2002 High

    Live imaging of reversible Ca²⁺-myristoyl switch translocation to plasma membrane and Golgi in hippocampal neurons proved the mechanism operates under physiological stimulation in native neuronal context.

    Evidence GFP-tagged VILIP-1 live fluorescence microscopy with Ca²⁺ ionophore, depolarization, and EGTA reversal in hippocampal neurons, NG108-15, and COS-7 cells

    PMID:12196554

    Open questions at the time
    • Which membrane lipid or protein anchors VILIP-1 at the membrane unknown
    • Kinetics of switch vs. downstream signaling not resolved
  8. 2005 Medium

    Showing that VSNL1 modulates GC-B signaling via clathrin-dependent receptor recycling rather than direct catalytic activation shifted the mechanistic model toward a trafficking-based regulation of cyclic nucleotide receptors.

    Evidence Co-localization in hippocampal neurons, cGMP assays, and clathrin-dependent trafficking assays in C6 cells

    PMID:15923662

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific trafficking machinery recruited by VILIP-1 not identified beyond clathrin
    • Whether trafficking function extends to other receptors not yet tested
  9. 2008 High

    Identifying VSNL1 as a direct interactor of α4β2 nAChR that enhances surface expression via syntaxin-6-associated exocytosis generalized its role as a Ca²⁺-dependent receptor trafficking factor with functional electrophysiological consequences.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown and overexpression in hippocampal neurons, ACh-evoked current recordings, co-localization with syntaxin-6

    PMID:19063970

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VILIP-1 directly binds syntaxin-6 or other SNARE machinery unknown
    • Specificity for α4β2 vs. other nAChR subtypes at trafficking level not fully resolved
  10. 2010 High

    NMR structure of the calcium-myristoyl switch—showing sequestration of myristate in Ca²⁺-free state, extrusion upon Ca²⁺ binding at EF2/EF3, and Ca²⁺-independent dimerization via EF4—provided the atomic-level mechanism for VSNL1 membrane targeting.

    Evidence NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, and mutagenesis

    PMID:21169352

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of membrane-bound or target-complexed form not determined
    • How dimerization affects signaling output unknown
  11. 2010 Medium

    Establishing that VSNL1 suppresses squamous cell carcinoma migration through cAMP/PKA/EPAC signaling—via enhanced adenylyl cyclase membrane localization—extended its functional scope beyond neurons to cancer biology.

    Evidence Overexpression in SCC cells, transwell migration, cAMP measurement, pharmacological inhibition of AC, PKA, and EPAC

    PMID:21480386

    Open questions at the time
    • Which adenylyl cyclase isoform is the direct target not determined
    • Tumor-suppressive role not validated in vivo
  12. 2011 Medium

    Demonstrating that VSNL1 regulates dendrite branching through cAMP/PKA placed it as a morphogenic signal integrator in hippocampal neurons, while its role in kidney development via GDNF-regulated β-catenin antagonism revealed non-neuronal developmental functions.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression in hippocampal neurons with AC and PKA inhibitors; microarray in Gdnf-null kidneys with β-catenin stability assays

    PMID:21289216 PMID:22832524

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo neuronal morphology phenotype in knockout mice not reported
    • Mechanism of β-catenin destabilization not defined
  13. 2012 Medium

    Showing VSNL1 suppresses EGF-induced EMT by reducing Snail1 via cAMP signaling provided a molecular mechanism for its tumor-suppressive action in squamous cell carcinoma.

    Evidence VILIP-1 overexpression in SCC cells, Snail1 immunoblot, AC inhibitor rescue, migration assay

    PMID:22479362

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Snail1 is regulated transcriptionally or post-translationally by VILIP-1/cAMP not resolved
    • No in vivo tumor suppression data
  14. 2013 High

    Identifying direct VSNL1–P2X3 receptor interaction and showing VSNL1 upregulates P2X3 surface expression in DRG neurons to promote bone cancer pain extended the receptor-trafficking function to sensory neurons and pain pathophysiology.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression/siRNA in DRG neurons, P2X3 surface expression assay, electrophysiology, in vivo bone cancer pain model

    PMID:23707265

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether clathrin-dependent recycling mediates P2X3 trafficking as for GC-B not tested
    • Downstream signaling pathway linking VILIP-1 to P2X3 surface stabilization unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the structural basis for VSNL1 interaction with its diverse membrane targets (GC-B, nAChR, P2X3), whether the RNA-binding activity is physiologically relevant, and whether in vivo knockout phenotypes confirm the dendrite branching, pain, and tumor-suppressive roles defined in cell culture.
  • No crystal/cryo-EM structure of VSNL1 in complex with any target
  • No knockout mouse phenotype published for neuronal or cancer functions
  • In vivo relevance of dsRNA binding completely untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 2 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2
Partners
ACTBCHRNA4COL10A1NPR2P2RX3STX6

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 VILIP (VSNL1 ortholog in chicken) was identified as a neuronal EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein with four EF-hand motifs, showing 40-46% sequence identity to retinal calcium-binding proteins visinin and recoverin, and expressed widely in brain but not in liver, heart, or skeletal muscle. cDNA cloning, Northern analysis, in situ hybridization Brain research. Molecular brain research High 1359372
1994 VILIP (VSNL1) binds only two active Ca2+/Mg2+ sites (not four), with Ca2+ affinity K'Ca of 1.0×10^6 M-1 and Mg2+ affinity K'Mg of 4.8×10^3 M-1; Ca2+ binding causes 20-30% increase in Trp fluorescence indicating conformational change; Mg2+ form resembles metal-free form unlike NCS-1. Flow dialysis (Ca2+ binding), equilibrium gel filtration (Mg2+ binding), Trp fluorescence spectroscopy, near UV difference spectra, DTNB thiol reactivity assay on recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli The Journal of biological chemistry High 7806504
1996 VILIP (VSNL1) exists in cytoplasmic, membrane-associated, and cytoskeleton-associated pools; its association with the cytoskeletal fraction is Ca2+-dependent and mediated by direct interaction with actin, as Ca2+-loaded recombinant VILIP binds actin in overlay assay, β-actin co-immunoprecipitates with native VILIP from brain extracts in presence of Ca2+, and actin and VILIP co-localize in VILIP-transfected PC12 cells. Cell fractionation, actin overlay assay, co-immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry in transfected PC12 cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 8780737
1997 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) increases β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated cAMP levels in C6 glioma cells, acting downstream of receptor and G protein (also stimulated by forskolin); this effect requires N-terminal myristoylation, as the myristoylation-deficient mutant reduces cAMP levels instead; myristoylated wild-type VILIP associates with membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner (calcium-myristoyl switch) while the non-myristoylated mutant shows strongly reduced membrane association. Stable transfection in C6 glioma cells, cAMP assay, subcellular fractionation, site-directed mutagenesis of myristoylation site Journal of neurochemistry High 9109541
1997 VILIP (VSNL1) is expressed in olfactory sensory cell cilia and dendritic knobs, and recombinant VILIP attenuates odorant-induced cAMP formation in olfactory cilia preparations in a Ca2+-dependent manner, likely by directly affecting adenylyl cyclase (also inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP formation), without interfering with receptor desensitization. Immunolocalization, in vitro cAMP assay with olfactory cilia preparations using recombinant VILIP European journal of cell biology Medium 9157011
1997 Low-level expression of myristoylated wild-type VILIP in C6 cells elevates basal cAMP and induces astrocyte-like differentiation with increased GFAP expression; non-myristoylated VILIP mutant reduces cAMP and GFAP without inducing differentiated morphology, demonstrating myristoylation-dependent cAMP regulation drives differentiation. Stable transfection in C6 cells, cAMP measurement, immunostaining for GFAP, morphological analysis Neuroscience letters Medium 9364517
1997 Wild-type VILIP in PC12 cells associates strongly with cell membranes (especially cell-cell contacts) in a Ca2+-dependent manner, whereas myristoylation-deficient VILIP distributes more evenly with much less membrane association, demonstrating the calcium-myristoyl switch as the primary but not sole determinant of membrane targeting. Stable transfection in PC12 cells, immunocytochemistry, subcellular fractionation and Western blot Neuroscience letters Medium 9147390
1999 VILIP (VSNL1) contains a double-stranded RNA-binding domain and specifically binds dsRNA in a Ca2+-dependent manner as a single protein-RNA complex (Kd ~9×10^-6 M); VILIP specifically binds the 3'-UTR of the trkB neurotrophin receptor mRNA, suggesting a role in Ca2+-dependent regulation of localized mRNA in hippocampal dendrites. Mobility shift assay, RNA binding assay with recombinant VILIP, domain analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10531361
2001 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) expression in PC12 cells enhances ionomycin-induced cytotoxicity and increases tau hyperphosphorylation compared to control or calbindin-D28K-transfected cells; co-expression of calbindin-D28K rescues VILIP-1-mediated cytotoxicity; VILIP-1 associates with amyloid plaques and extracellular tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains. Stable transfection of PC12 cells, cytotoxicity assays, tau phosphorylation immunoblot, immunohistochemistry in AD brain tissue Neurobiology of disease Medium 11592857
2001 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) increases cGMP levels in transfected C6 and PC12 cells; membrane-associated (myristoylated) VILIP-1 preferentially stimulates particulate guanylyl cyclase (GC), while cytosolic (non-myristoylated) VILIP-1 enhances soluble GC; VILIP-1 physically interacts with the catalytic domain of particulate GC-A and GC-B and with native GC enriched from rat brain, demonstrated by GST pull-down and surface plasmon resonance; VILIP-1 introduced into cerebellar granule cells specifically influences GC-B but not GC-A signaling. Transfection in C6/PC12 cells, cGMP assay, GST pull-down, surface plasmon resonance, trituration of recombinant protein into cerebellar granule cells Journal of neurochemistry High 11579136
2002 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) undergoes a reversible, stimulus-dependent calcium-myristoyl switch in living hippocampal neurons: GFP-tagged VILIP-1 translocates from diffuse cytosolic distribution to plasma membrane and Golgi membranes upon Ca2+ ionophore treatment or depolarization/glutamate receptor activation; this translocation is fully reversed by EGTA; myristoylation-deficient VILIP-1-GFP does not translocate. Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged VILIP-1 in transfected NG108-15, COS-7 cells and primary hippocampal neurons; Ca2+ ionophore and EGTA manipulation; myristoylation-deficient mutant The Journal of neuroscience High 12196554
2002 VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 show distinct Ca2+-dependent subcellular localizations and activate different cellular signaling pathways; VILIP-3 (mainly in Purkinje cells) and VILIP-1 (in granule cells) have different protein interaction partners and different degrees of Ca2+-dependent membrane association, indicating cell-type-specific signaling functions. Subcellular fractionation, cGMP signaling assays, protein interaction assays in transfected cells, immunolocalization Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 12445467
2003 VILIP-3-GFP and VILIP-1-GFP both undergo fast and reversible calcium-myristoyl switches in living cell lines and hippocampal neurons, but differ in calcium-dependent translocation to Golgi membranes and in dendritic localization, demonstrating that co-expressed VILIPs can produce highly selective responses to calcium stimuli. Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged proteins in transfected cells and hippocampal neurons Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 14664824
2005 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) modulates cGMP signaling of guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B) in hippocampal neurons by regulating clathrin-dependent receptor recycling; VILIP-1 and GC-B co-localize in soma and dendrites in hippocampal neurons, and VILIP-1 influences natriuretic peptide-stimulated cGMP levels through effects on membrane trafficking rather than direct catalytic activation. Transfection in C6 cells, primary hippocampal neurons, cGMP assay, co-localization immunofluorescence, clathrin-dependent trafficking assay Journal of cell science Medium 15923662
2008 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) interacts with the cytoplasmic loop of the α4-subunit of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR); overexpression of VILIP-1 enhances ACh responsiveness and α4β2 nAChR currents in hippocampal neurons while siRNA knockdown reduces them; the mechanism involves enhanced constitutive exocytosis of α4β2 nAChRs via co-localization with syntaxin-6 (a Golgi-SNARE) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression in hippocampal neurons, electrophysiology (ACh currents), co-localization immunofluorescence with syntaxin-6 Molecular and cellular neurosciences High 19063970
2008 Nicotine stimulation triggers a Ca2+-dependent and reversible membrane-translocation (calcium-myristoyl switch) of VILIP-1 in hippocampal interneurons; only α7- but not α4-containing nAChRs elicit this Ca2+-dependent translocation, as shown by selective antagonists dihydro-β-erythroidine (α4 antagonist) and methylallylaconitine (α7 antagonist). Live fluorescence microscopy of GFP-VILIP-1 in primary hippocampal neurons, pharmacological receptor antagonists Cellular and molecular neurobiology Medium 18925431
2010 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) reduces migration of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in a cAMP-dependent manner; VILIP-1 enhances protein expression and membrane localization of adenylyl cyclases (ACs), thereby increasing cAMP levels; cAMP-effectors PKA and EPAC act downstream; cGMP signaling (via NPR-A/B) does not mediate VILIP-1's effect on SCC migration. Overexpression in SCC cells, migration assay (transwell), cAMP/cGMP measurement, adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, PKA inhibitor KT5720, EPAC antagonist, mRNA expression profiling Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 21480386
2010 Structural analysis revealed that unmyristoylated VILIP-1 binds two Ca2+ sequentially at EF2 and EF3 with affinities K(EF3)=0.1 μM and K(EF2)=1-4 μM; myristoylated VILIP-1 binds Ca2+ with lower affinity (Kd=1.2 μM) and positive cooperativity; NMR demonstrates Ca2+-free VILIP-1 sequesters its myristoyl group (like recoverin) and Ca2+ causes extrusion of the myristate; VILIP-1 forms a Ca2+-independent dimer via residues in EF4 and the EF3-EF4 loop, confirmed by mutagenesis. NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, site-directed mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 21169352
2011 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) siRNA knockdown in rat hippocampal neurons decreases cAMP levels and reduces dendrite branching; conversely, VILIP-1 overexpression increases cAMP levels and dendrite branching; this effect on neurite branching is attenuated by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and PKA inhibitor KT5720, placing VILIP-1 upstream of cAMP/PKA in regulating neuronal morphology. siRNA knockdown and overexpression in rat hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, dendrite morphology analysis, cAMP measurement, pharmacological inhibition of AC and PKA Translational psychiatry Medium 22832524
2011 Vsnl1 (mouse VSNL1 ortholog) marks ureteric bud tips in embryonic kidney as a GDNF-regulated target gene; Vsnl1 expression requires GDNF signaling and is absent in Gdnf-null kidneys; Vsnl1 shows mutually exclusive expression with β-catenin transcriptional activation; in mouse collecting duct cell line, Vsnl1 overexpression compromises β-catenin stability, suggesting Vsnl1 counteracts β-catenin signaling. Microarray screening, tissue culture of Gdnf-deficient kidneys with exogenous growth factors, immunostaining, overexpression in collecting duct cell lines, β-catenin stability assay Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Medium 21289216
2012 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) suppresses EGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in squamous cell carcinoma cells via a cAMP-dependent mechanism: VILIP-1-positive SCCs have high cAMP and low invasiveness; VILIP-1 expression reduces Snail1 transcriptional repressor levels; adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine attenuates VILIP-1's suppression of Snail1; elevated cAMP also suppresses EGF-induced migration. Overexpression in VILIP-1-negative SCC cells, Snail1 immunoblot, migration assay, adenylyl cyclase inhibitor treatment, EGF stimulation PloS one Medium 22479362
2013 VILIP-1 (VSNL1) upregulates functional P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, contributing to bone cancer pain; the interaction between the amino-terminus of VILIP-1 and the carboxyl-terminus of P2X3 receptor is critical for P2X3 surface expression and functional enhancement; VILIP-1 overexpression increases P2X3 expression and neuronal excitability in naive rat DRG neurons; VILIP-1 knockdown inhibits bone cancer pain development by downregulating P2X3 receptors. Co-immunoprecipitation, VILIP-1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown in rat DRG neurons, P2X3 surface expression assay, electrophysiology, bone cancer pain behavioral model Pain High 23707265
2022 VSNL1 physically interacts with COL10A1 as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation; VSNL1 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells; COL10A1 upregulation reverses the inhibitory effects of VSNL1 knockdown on these cellular processes. Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, CCK8 assay, EdU assay, transwell migration/invasion assay, Western blot Annals of clinical and laboratory science Medium 35181619
2025 VSNL1 promotes protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the VILIP-1/GRK2/GLUT4 signaling axis: GPR81 activation increases VILIP-1 expression, reduces GRK2 expression, and increases GLUT4 membrane expression, enhancing glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes; these effects are reversed by GPR81 antagonism or GRK2 inhibition. In vivo mouse I/R model, in vitro OGD/R in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, pharmacological GPR81 activation/inhibition, GRK2 inhibitor, GLUT4 membrane fractionation, bulk RNA sequencing International journal of biological macromolecules Low 41192713
2025 VSNL1 overexpression in AC16 cardiomyocytes attenuates hypoxia/H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by activating the CNP/NPR-B signaling pathway; VSNL1 overexpression increases CNP and NPR-B membrane levels and decreases intracellular Ca2+; co-immunoprecipitation shows no direct protein interaction between VSNL1 and CNP, indicating indirect regulation of this pathway. Lentiviral overexpression and siRNA knockdown in AC16 cells, western blot, immunofluorescence, γ-H2AX assay, co-immunoprecipitation, qPCR, Ca2+ measurement Molecular biotechnology / Molecular medicine reports Low 39924636 41930460

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 54 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 Studies on the expression and metabolic capabilities of human liver cytochrome P450IIIA5 (HLp3). Molecular pharmacology 406 2385232
2015 Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 and YKL-40, candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic cohort. Alzheimer's research & therapy 116 26383836
1999 Regional and cellular distribution of neural visinin-like protein immunoreactivities (VILIP-1 and VILIP-3) in human brain. Journal of neurocytology 105 10851344
2016 Dysregulated miR-671-5p / CDR1-AS / CDR1 / VSNL1 axis is involved in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 99 26683098
2012 CSF VILIP-1 predicts rates of cognitive decline in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology 90 22357717
1994 Cation binding and conformational changes in VILIP and NCS-1, two neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 90 7806504
1992 VILIP, a cognate protein of the retinal calcium binding proteins visinin and recoverin, is expressed in the developing chicken brain. Brain research. Molecular brain research 85 1359372
2002 Reversible translocation and activity-dependent localization of the calcium-myristoyl switch protein VILIP-1 to different membrane compartments in living hippocampal neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 71 12196554
2001 The neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-1 is associated with amyloid plaques and extracellular tangles in Alzheimer's disease and promotes cell death and tau phosphorylation in vitro: a link between calcium sensors and Alzheimer's disease? Neurobiology of disease 61 11592857
2005 Neuronal Ca2+ sensor protein VILIP-1 affects cGMP signalling of guanylyl cyclase B by regulating clathrin-dependent receptor recycling in hippocampal neurons. Journal of cell science 60 15923662
2012 The visinin-like proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 in Alzheimer's disease-old wine in new bottles. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 58 22375104
2001 Intracellular neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) protein VILIP-1 modulates cGMP signalling pathways in transfected neural cells and cerebellar granule neurones. Journal of neurochemistry 52 11579136
1997 The neuronal calcium-sensor protein VILIP modulates cyclic AMP accumulation in stably transfected C6 glioma cells: amino-terminal myristoylation determines functional activity. Journal of neurochemistry 52 9109541
2013 Upregulation of P2X3 receptors by neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-1 in dorsal root ganglions contributes to the bone cancer pain in rats. Pain 47 23707265
2008 Neuronal Ca2+ sensor VILIP-1 leads to the upregulation of functional alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal neurons. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 42 19063970
2002 Evidence for different functional properties of the neuronal calcium sensor proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3: from subcellular localization to cellular function. Biochimica et biophysica acta 39 12445467
1997 The calcium-binding protein VILIP in olfactory neurons: regulation of second messenger signaling. European journal of cell biology 39 9157011
2003 Calcium-myristoyl switch, subcellular localization, and calcium-dependent translocation of the neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-3, and comparison with VILIP-1 in hippocampal neurons. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 36 14664824
1996 The neuronal EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein VILIP: interaction with cell membrane and actin-based cytoskeleton. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 8780737
2010 Structural analysis of Mg2+ and Ca2+ binding, myristoylation, and dimerization of the neuronal calcium sensor and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1). The Journal of biological chemistry 34 21169352
1995 Distribution pattern of three neural calcium-binding proteins (NCS-1, VILIP and recoverin) in chicken, bovine and rat retina. The Histochemical journal 34 7591845
2020 Neurogranin and VILIP-1 as Molecular Indicators of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of molecular sciences 29 33172069
2011 Association of VSNL1 with schizophrenia, frontal cortical function, and biological significance for its gene product as a modulator of cAMP levels and neuronal morphology. Translational psychiatry 29 22832524
2015 VSNL1 Co-Expression Networks in Aging Include Calcium Signaling, Synaptic Plasticity, and Alzheimer's Disease Pathways. Frontiers in psychiatry 26 25806004
2008 VILIP-1 downregulation in non-small cell lung carcinomas: mechanisms and prediction of survival. PloS one 26 18301774
2004 MGluRs regulate the expression of neuronal calcium sensor proteins NCS-1 and VILIP-1 and the immediate early gene arg3.1/arc in the hippocampus in vivo. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 15336574
1999 Visinin-like protein (VILIP) is a neuron-specific calcium-dependent double-stranded RNA-binding protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 10531361
1995 Sequence characterization and genetic mapping of the human VSNL1 gene, a homologue of the rat visinin-like peptide RNVP1. Genomics 22 8530085
2011 The GDNF target Vsnl1 marks the ureteric tip. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 21 21289216
2003 Group I mGlu receptors regulate the expression of the neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-1 in vitro and in vivo: implications for mGlu receptor-dependent hippocampal plasticity? Neuropharmacology 21 12681369
1997 Low level expression of calcium-sensor protein VILIP induces cAMP-dependent differentiation in rat C6 glioma cells. Neuroscience letters 21 9364517
2008 Nicotine-induced Ca2+-myristoyl switch of neuronal Ca2+ sensor VILIP-1 in hippocampal neurons: a possible crosstalk mechanism for nicotinic receptors. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20 18925431
2020 A meta-analysis on the levels of VILIP-1 in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease compared to normal controls and other neurodegenerative conditions. Aging clinical and experimental research 19 31939203
2007 Involvement of visinin-like protein-1 (VSNL-1) in regulating proliferative and invasive properties of neuroblastoma. Carcinogenesis 19 17615261
1997 Calcium- and myristoyl-dependent subcellular localization of the neuronal calcium-binding protein VILIP in transfected PC12 cells. Neuroscience letters 19 9147390
2008 Implication of neuronal Ca2+ -sensor protein VILIP-1 in the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neurobiology of disease 18 18691652
1996 Distribution of visinin-like protein (VILIP) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Neuroscience letters 18 8710169
1996 Localization of the neural calcium-binding protein VILIP (visinin-like protein) in neurons of the chick visual system and cerebellum. Cell and tissue research 16 8593671
2012 The putative tumor suppressor VILIP-1 counteracts epidermal growth factor-induced epidermal-mesenchymal transition in squamous carcinoma cells. PloS one 11 22479362
2010 Involvement of VILIP-1 (visinin-like protein) and opposite roles of cyclic AMP and GMP signaling in in vitro cell migration of murine skin squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular carcinogenesis 11 21480386
2010 VILIP-1 expression in vivo results in decreased mouse skin keratinocyte proliferation and tumor development. PloS one 10 20419170
2024 Dynamics of synaptic damage in severe traumatic brain injury revealed by cerebrospinal fluid SNAP-25 and VILIP-1. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 9 38825349
2022 VSNL1 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Colorectal Cancer by Binding with COL10A1. Annals of clinical and laboratory science 9 35181619
2023 Relationships of serum VILIP-1, NSE, and ADP levels with postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia: a retrospective, observational study. The Journal of international medical research 7 37194201
2023 Concordance between the In Vivo Content of Neurospecific Proteins (BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, S100B) in the Hippocampus and Blood in Patients with Epilepsy. International journal of molecular sciences 7 38203674
2020 APOE ε4 Allele Is Associated with Elevated Levels of CSF VILIP-1 in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 6 32308396
1998 Isolation of two human cDNAs, HLP3 and HLP4, homologous to the neuron-specific calcium-binding protein genes. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 4 10520747
2024 Investigating the Relationship of Serum CD163, YKL40 and VILIP-1 Levels with Autism Severity and Language-cognitive Development in Preschool Children with Autism. Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology 3 39069687
2022 Certification of visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) certified reference material by amino acid-based and sulfur-based liquid chromatography isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2 36342508
2023 Overexpression of VSNL1 Enhances Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 1 37797604
2026 VSNL1 attenuates hypoxia‑induced myocardial apoptosis by regulating the CNP/NPRB pathway. Molecular medicine reports 0 41930460
2025 Correlation between serum YKL-40 and VILIP 1 levels and brain volume in dementia patients. Geriatrics & gerontology international 0 39895108
2025 Sodium Alginate Attenuates H2O2-Induced Myocardial DNA Damage via VSNL1 Regulating the CNP/NPR-B Signaling Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 0 39924636
2025 Activation of GPR81 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury under aberrant glucose metabolism condition by modulating VILIP-1/GRK2/GLUT4 pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules 0 41192713