Affinage

VGLL3

Transcription cofactor vestigial-like protein 3 · UniProt A8MV65

Length
326 aa
Mass
36.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
49 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VGLL3 is a TEAD-binding transcriptional cofactor that programs cell-context-specific gene expression governing myogenesis, fibrosis, autoimmunity, and proliferation (PMID:31138678, PMID:20842732). It interacts with TEAD1, TEAD3, and TEAD4 through a conserved Tondu motif and, unlike YAP/TAZ, does not engage the Hippo kinase cascade directly; instead it activates Hippo components LATS2 and AMOTL2 to drive YAP/TAZ inactivation, with VGLL3 and YAP/TAZ competing as alternative TEAD cofactors in a switch controlled by VGLL3 proteasomal turnover (PMID:31138678, PMID:32385107, PMID:37262950). In fibrotic and inflammatory settings VGLL3 acts as a mechanosensitive effector: substrate stiffness drives its integrin-β1–Rho–actin–dependent nuclear translocation, where it undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation via a low-complexity domain, joins EWSR1-containing NONO condensates, and suppresses miR-29b to promote collagen production in myofibroblasts (PMID:36754961). It is induced by TGF-β via Smad3/4 and promotes inflammatory output including IL-1α secretion with NF-κB activation, IRF3/IFN-β1 signaling, and a female-biased autoimmune gene network whose epidermal overexpression is sufficient to drive lupus-like disease (PMID:27992404, PMID:30996136, PMID:34679187, PMID:35941675). VGLL3 forms a complex with TEAD1 and RUNX1/3 to drive PD-L1/2 expression (PMID:35922063), supports proliferation through induction of the purine-synthesis enzyme GART (PMID:35434822), and is upregulated in preeclamptic placentas where its deletion is protective (PMID:41953989, PMID:40502186). Independently of transcription, VGLL3 functions in the DNA damage response, being recruited to damage sites in a PARylation-dependent manner where it stabilizes MDC1 and protects CtIP from KLHL15-mediated degradation to support homologous recombination (PMID:39383226).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 2010 Medium

    Established VGLL3 as a TEAD cofactor with oncogenic relevance by linking its amplification to sarcoma proliferation, framing it as a transcription-regulatory rather than structural protein.

    Evidence Array-CGH, transcriptome analysis, and siRNA knockdown with proliferation/migration readouts in amplified cell lines

    PMID:20842732

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct demonstration of TEAD binding in this study
    • Did not define which target genes drive the proliferation phenotype
  2. 2016 Medium

    Identified VGLL3 as a female-biased transcriptional cofactor controlling a genome-wide autoimmune gene network, answering why it might confer sex-biased disease risk.

    Evidence Global transcriptome and sex-dependent co-expression network analysis

    PMID:27992404

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative network; no direct VGLL3 binding or causal mechanistic experiments
    • Did not identify the molecular effectors of the regulated network
  3. 2019 High

    Defined the specific TEAD partners (TEAD1/3/4) and distinguished VGLL3 from YAP/TAZ by its lack of Hippo-kinase interaction, while showing it represses myogenic genes and is needed for myoblast proliferation.

    Evidence Interaction proteomics, siRNA knockdown, and overexpression with transcriptomic readout in myoblasts/myotubes

    PMID:31138678

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of transcriptional repression at target genes not resolved
    • Did not address how cofactor selection between VGLL3 and YAP/TAZ is controlled
  4. 2019 High

    Demonstrated causality for autoimmunity by showing epidermal VGLL3 overexpression alone is sufficient to drive SLE-like disease, identifying downstream proinflammatory targets.

    Evidence Skin-directed VGLL3 transgenic mouse with immunological phenotyping and gene expression profiling

    PMID:30996136

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets (BAFF, IFN-κ, CXCL13) not shown to be bound by VGLL3
    • TEAD-dependence of the autoimmune program not tested
  5. 2020 Medium

    Resolved an apparent paradox by showing VGLL3 activates Hippo components LATS2/AMOTL2 to suppress YAP/TAZ, yet still promotes proliferation, placing it upstream of the Hippo core.

    Evidence Stable expression, LATS2/AMOTL2 knockdown, YAP/TAZ localization, and proliferation assays in breast tumor cells

    PMID:32385107

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism reconciling YAP/TAZ suppression with pro-proliferative effect unclear
    • Single lineage; generality across cancers untested
  6. 2020 Medium

    Connected VGLL3 to stress-coupled inflammatory cell death by showing IFNα and energy stress induce VGLL3 to drive p53- and IL-17C-dependent responses.

    Evidence IFNα stimulation and energy-stress cell assays with p53/IL-17C induction and loss-of-function

    PMID:32803756

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between VGLL3 and p53 induction not defined
    • Limited methodological detail
  7. 2021 Medium

    Placed VGLL3 in the TGF-β–Smad axis and identified IL-1α/NF-κB as an output, explaining how it sustains inflammatory signaling in malignant cells.

    Evidence Stable expression, NF-κB reporter, TGF-β stimulation, Smad3/4 knockdown, IL-1α secretion assays

    PMID:34679187

    Open questions at the time
    • TEAD-dependence of IL-1α induction inferred but not directly proven
    • Single lab
  8. 2022 High

    Identified VGLL3 as a TEAD1/RUNX1/3 complex member driving immune-checkpoint ligand PD-L1/2 expression, linking it to immune evasion programs.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen, secondary cofactor screen, and loss-of-function in keratinocytes

    PMID:35922063

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and assembly order of the VGLL3-TEAD1-RUNX complex not defined
    • In vivo relevance for tumor immune evasion untested here
  9. 2022 Medium

    Established that VGLL3 drives type I IFN responses through IRF3/IFN-β1 in synoviocytes, acting via Hippo molecules WWTR1/TAZ and AMOTL2.

    Evidence Overexpression in RA-FLS, RNA-seq, Western blotting, and WWTR1/AMOTL2 knockdown epistasis

    PMID:35941675

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism linking VGLL3 to IRF3 activation not resolved
    • Single lab
  10. 2022 Medium

    Linked VGLL3-driven proliferation to a metabolic dependency by showing it induces the purine-synthesis enzyme GART.

    Evidence Stable expression, GART knockdown/inhibition, IMP rescue, and VGLL3 knockdown in breast cancer cells

    PMID:35434822

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GART is a direct transcriptional target unknown
    • TEAD-dependence not tested
  11. 2023 High

    Revealed a mechanosensitive, phase-separation-based mechanism by which VGLL3 promotes fibrosis: stiffness-driven nuclear entry, LLPS into EWSR1/NONO condensates, and miR-29b suppression.

    Evidence Vgll3-deficient cardiac fibrosis mouse, LLPS assays, Co-IP, pathway inhibition, and miR-29b functional assays

    PMID:36754961

    Open questions at the time
    • How LLPS mechanistically links to miR-29b repression not fully resolved
    • Relationship between condensate behavior and TEAD-dependent transcription unclear
  12. 2023 Medium

    Defined a VGLL3-to-YAP/TAZ cofactor switch governed by proteasomal degradation, controlling muscle fiber-type specification via PGC-1α.

    Evidence Stable VGLL3-overexpressing C2C12 cells, slow-twitch/PGC-1α marker assays, proteasome inhibitor treatment

    PMID:37262950

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase mediating VGLL3 degradation not identified
    • Direct PGC-1α promoter regulation by VGLL3 not shown
  13. 2024 High

    Uncovered a transcription-independent role for VGLL3 in the DNA damage response, recruited via PARylation to stabilize MDC1 and protect CtIP, supporting homologous recombination.

    Evidence Co-IP, PARylation-dependent recruitment, HR assays, ubiquitination and stability assays, and etoposide xenograft model

    PMID:39383226

    Open questions at the time
    • How the same protein partitions between transcriptional and DDR functions unknown
    • Structural basis for KLHL15-competitive binding not defined
  14. 2024 Medium

    Placed VGLL3 downstream of an IFN-induced negative regulator (HERC6) in STING-TBK1 signaling, explaining female-biased type I IFN responses to dsDNA.

    Evidence HERC6 knockdown, cGAMP stimulation, TBK1/LATS2 measurement, and VGLL3-dependent rescue in keratinocytes

    PMID:38327798

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical connection between LATS2/TBK1 and VGLL3 not shown
    • Single lab
  15. 2024 Medium

    Extended VGLL3's profibrotic role to liver via an HMGB1/TLR4/inflammasome axis in hepatic stellate cells.

    Evidence Vgll3 knockdown/overexpression in HSC-T6, TGF-β stimulation, fibrosis/inflammasome marker blots, and TAA fibrosis mouse model

    PMID:38489889

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VGLL3 directly regulates HMGB1/TLR4 not established
    • Mechanism of inflammasome activation downstream unclear
  16. 2024 Low

    Comparative structural analysis confirmed VGLL3 binds TEAD through a conserved Tondu motif and mapped paralog-specific TEAD-binding determinants.

    Evidence Structural data analysis and comparative sequence analysis of >2400 VGLL proteins

    PMID:39182750

    Open questions at the time
    • Computational/bioinformatic; no new direct binding experiments
    • Functional consequences of paralog-specific differences not tested
  17. 2025 High

    Demonstrated VGLL3 is a causal driver of preeclampsia, promoting immune activation, impairing trophoblast differentiation, and inducing endothelial dysfunction with sFLT1 production.

    Evidence Human single-cell/spatial transcriptomics, in vitro trophoblast/endothelial assays, placenta-specific Vgll3 knockout mouse, and ex vivo human placenta inhibition

    PMID:40502186 PMID:41953989

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets driving sFLT1 not defined
    • TEAD-dependence in placenta untested
  18. 2025 Medium

    Linked VGLL3-driven keloid fibrosis and glycolysis to Wnt/β-catenin via WNT2 induction.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown in keloid fibroblasts, WNT2 silencing epistasis, metabolic OCR/ECAR assays, GSEA

    PMID:39826675

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether WNT2 is a direct VGLL3 target unknown
    • Single lab
  19. 2026 High

    Placed VGLL3 within an epigenetic repression circuit as a TAZ-induced effector that represses PPARγ-bound adipogenic enhancers, blocking adipocyte differentiation.

    Evidence Single-nucleus genomics, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, Vgll3 genetic targeting, TAZ TEAD-binding mutants, and epistasis in mouse adipose tissue

    PMID:41533786

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which VGLL3 reduces enhancer H3K27ac not defined
    • Recruitment to PPARγ enhancers not directly mapped
  20. 2026 Medium

    Connected VGLL3 to autophagy-dependent osteoblast differentiation through a DAPK2 effector, broadening its developmental roles.

    Evidence Vgll3 knockdown in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, RNA-seq, TEM, LC3-II/p62 blots, DAPK2 epistasis/rescue, rapamycin treatment

    PMID:42052791

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VGLL3 directly regulates DAPK2 transcription not shown
    • Role of implicated FOXM1 not validated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown how VGLL3 partitions between its TEAD-dependent transcriptional cofactor role, its phase-separation behavior, and its transcription-independent DNA damage response function, and what determines its context-specific target selection across these programs.
  • No unifying model integrating transcriptional, condensate, and DDR functions
  • Determinants of cofactor switching and target-gene selectivity undefined
  • No high-resolution structure of VGLL3-TEAD-partner complexes in functional context

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
EWSR1KLHL15MDC1RUNX1RUNX3TEAD1TEAD3TEAD4
Complex memberships
EWSR1/NONO nuclear condensateVGLL3-TEAD1-RUNX1/3 transcriptional complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2019 VGLL3 binds TEAD1, TEAD3, and TEAD4 in myoblasts and/or myotubes, as determined by interaction proteomics. Unlike YAP/TAZ, VGLL3 showed no interaction with proteins of the Hippo kinase cascade. Vgll3 overexpression reduced Hippo negative-feedback loop activity, promoted myogenic differentiation, and mainly repressed gene expression including Myf5, Pitx2, Pitx3, and certain Wnt and IGFBP genes. siRNA-mediated Vgll3 knockdown suppressed myoblast proliferation. Interaction proteomics (pulldown/MS), siRNA knockdown, overexpression with transcriptomic readout Journal of cell science High 31138678
2020 VGLL3 (together with TEADs) promotes cancer cell proliferation by activating the Hippo pathway: VGLL3 expression induces transcription of LATS2 and AMOTL2, leading to YAP/TAZ inactivation. VGLL3 knockdown increased nuclear localization of YAP and TAZ, and knockdown of LATS2 or AMOTL2 repressed breast tumor cell proliferation. Stable VGLL3-expressing cell lines, knockdown of LATS2/AMOTL2, YAP/TAZ nuclear localization assay, proliferation assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 32385107
2023 VGLL3 is specifically expressed in myofibroblasts in fibrotic hearts and promotes collagen production. Substrate stiffness triggers VGLL3 nuclear translocation via the integrin β1-Rho-actin pathway. In the nucleus, VGLL3 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation via its low-complexity domain, is incorporated into non-paraspeckle NONO condensates containing EWSR1, binds EWSR1, and suppresses miR-29b (which targets collagen mRNA). Vgll3-deficient mice showed significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction, with increased miR-29b expression. Vgll3-deficient mouse model (cardiac fibrosis), live-cell imaging/fractionation for nuclear translocation, LLPS assays, Co-IP for EWSR1 interaction, miR-29b functional assays, pharmacological inhibition of integrin β1-Rho-actin pathway Nature communications High 36754961
2016 VGLL3 acts as a transcription cofactor with female-biased expression that regulates a genome-wide network of genes strongly associated with multiple autoimmune diseases (lupus, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome). The VGLL3-regulated gene network overlaps with inflammatory processes in cutaneous lupus and is independent of biological age and sex-hormone regulation. High-resolution global transcriptome analyses, sex-dependent co-expression network analysis Nature immunology Medium 27992404
2019 Skin-directed overexpression of murine VGLL3 is sufficient to drive cutaneous and systemic autoimmune disease resembling SLE, including B cell expansion, autoantibody production, immune complex deposition, and end-organ damage. Excess epidermal VGLL3 drives a proinflammatory gene expression program including upregulation of BAFF, IFN-κ, and CXCL13. Transgenic mouse model with skin-directed VGLL3 overexpression; gene expression profiling; immunological phenotyping JCI insight High 30996136
2021 VGLL3 promotes expression and secretion of IL-1α, likely through its association with TEADs, which activates NF-κB. TGF-β signaling induces VGLL3 (via Smad3 and Smad4), and VGLL3 is required for TGF-β-induced IL-1α secretion and NF-κB activation. VGLL3-dependent IL-1α secretion contributes to constitutive NF-κB activation in highly malignant breast cancer cells. Stable VGLL3-expressing cell lines, NF-κB reporter assay, TGF-β stimulation, Smad3/4 knockdown, IL-1α ELISA/secretion assays FASEB journal Medium 34679187
2010 VGLL3 is a cofactor for TEAD family transcription factors and is amplified in ~10% of soft tissue sarcomas (chromosome 3p12 amplicon). Inhibition of VGLL3 in cell lines with amplification/overexpression leads to decreased proliferation rate and, to a lesser extent, decreased migration properties. Array-CGH, transcriptome analysis, VGLL3 inhibition (siRNA/knockdown) with proliferation and migration assays Genes, chromosomes & cancer Medium 20842732
2022 VGLL3 forms a transcriptional complex with TEAD1 and RUNX1/3 to drive PD-L1/2 expression. VGLL3 loss impaired IFN-γ-induced PD-L1/2 expression in human keratinocytes. A genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identified VGLL3 as an upregulator of PD-L1. Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen, secondary CRISPR screen for co-factors, VGLL3 loss-of-function in keratinocytes, PD-L1/2 expression assays Journal of immunology High 35922063
2022 VGLL3 promotes IRF3 activation and IFN-β1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS), which then drives expression of IFN-stimulated genes in an autocrine manner. Mechanistically, VGLL3 inhibits WWTR1 (TAZ) expression and modulates AMOTL2, and these Hippo pathway molecules mediate VGLL3's regulation of IRF3 activation and IFN-β1 production. VGLL3 overexpression in RA-FLS, RNA sequencing, Western blotting for STAT1/MX1/IRF3/IFN-β1, WWTR1/AMOTL2 knockdown epistasis experiments Arthritis research & therapy Medium 35941675
2020 VGLL3 mediates cellular stress response by upregulating p53 and IL-17C. Energy stress allows VGLL3 to be induced by IFNα, leading to p53-dependent, lupus-associated inflammatory cell death. Cell-based assays with IFNα stimulation, energy stress conditions; measurement of p53 and IL-17C induction; loss-of-function approaches FEBS letters Medium 32803756
2022 VGLL3 induces expression of GART (a trifunctional enzyme for de novo purine synthesis from glutamine), thereby increasing cancer cell dependency on de novo nucleotide synthesis. VGLL3 knockdown in breast cancer cells reduced GART expression, and GART inhibition or knockdown repressed proliferation of VGLL3-expressing cells, which was rescued by inosine monophosphate supplementation. Stable VGLL3 expression in A549 cells, GART knockdown/inhibitor (lometrexol), IMP rescue experiment, VGLL3 knockdown in breast cancer cell lines Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 35434822
2024 VGLL3 plays a role in DNA damage response (DDR): it is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PARylation-dependent manner. VGLL3 depletion impairs accumulation of RNF8 and RAD51 at damage sites, reducing homologous recombination efficiency. Mechanistically, VGLL3 prevents CtIP from KLHL15-mediated ubiquitination and degradation via competitive binding with KLHL15, and stabilizes MDC1 by limiting TRIP12-MDC1 interaction while promoting USP7-MDC1 association, enabling optimal RNF8 signaling. VGLL3 depletion sensitizes tumor xenografts to etoposide. VGLL3 depletion/Co-IP, PARylation-dependent recruitment assays, HR efficiency measurement, ubiquitination assays (CtIP/KLHL15), MDC1 stability assays (TRIP12, USP7), xenograft tumor model with etoposide Science advances High 39383226
2024 HERC6, an IFN-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates STING-TBK1 signaling in a female-biased manner. HERC6 knockdown leads to enhanced ISG responses dependent on VGLL3, establishing that HERC6 acts through modulation of LATS2 and TBK1 activity upstream of VGLL3 to control female-biased type I IFN responses to dsDNA. HERC6 knockdown in human keratinocytes, cGAMP stimulation, TBK1/LATS2 signaling measurement, VGLL3-dependent rescue experiments iScience Medium 38327798
2023 VGLL3 expression promotes slow-twitch muscle differentiation by inducing PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myoblasts. VGLL3 proteins are degraded by the proteasome, causing a switch of TEAD cofactors from VGLL3 to YAP/TAZ, thereby controlling muscle fiber-type specification. Stable VGLL3-overexpressing C2C12 cell line, qPCR/Western blot for slow-twitch markers and PGC-1α, proteasome inhibitor treatment Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 37262950
2025 VGLL3 is upregulated in preeclamptic placentas and acts upstream of preeclampsia-associated processes including sFLT1 production. VGLL3 promotes immune activation, impairs trophoblast differentiation, and induces endothelial dysfunction. Genetic deletion of VGLL3 in mouse placentas or therapeutic inhibition in human placentas protected against preeclampsia and alleviated disease pathology. Human single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis, in vitro trophoblast/endothelial assays, in vivo placenta-specific Vgll3 knockout mouse, ex vivo human placenta inhibition experiments Circulation High 40502186 41953989
2024 VGLL3 promotes hepatic fibrosis through the VGLL3/HMGB1/TLR4 axis. Vgll3 knockdown in HSC-T6 cells reduced α-SMA, NLRP3, and cleaved-caspase-1 expression, while VGLL3 overexpression increased these markers and promoted inflammasome activation. Vgll3 knockdown and overexpression in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells, TGF-β stimulation, Western blot for fibrosis and inflammasome markers, mouse TAA-induced fibrosis model Phytomedicine Medium 38489889
2025 VGLL3 in keloid fibroblasts promotes glycolysis and collagen production via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. VGLL3 overexpression increased WNT2 and β-catenin protein levels; silencing of WNT2 reversed VGLL3's effects on apoptosis, proliferation, collagen production, and glycolysis in keloid fibroblasts. VGLL3 overexpression and knockdown in keloid fibroblasts, WNT2 silencing epistasis, Western blot, OCR/ECAR metabolic measurements, GSEA Cellular signalling Medium 39826675
2026 VGLL3 is a transcriptional target of TAZ (WWTR1) and is required for TAZ-mediated repression of adipogenic enhancers. TAZ represses PPARγ-bound target enhancers (reducing H3K27ac occupancy) in a TEAD-dependent manner, and Vgll3 is a key downstream effector mediating this repression of adipocyte differentiation. Single-nucleus genomic analyses of mouse adipose tissue, ChIP-seq for H3K27ac, Vgll3 genetic targeting, TAZ overexpression with TEAD-binding mutants, epistasis experiments Science advances High 41533786
2024 A structure-function analysis of VGLL1, VGLL2, and VGLL3 TEAD-binding domains across >2400 vertebrate sequences reveals that VGLL3 binds TEAD via a conserved Tondu motif. The analysis identifies that one vertebrate VGLL paralog with both a Tondu motif and an Ω-loop (present in arthropod Vg and YAP) is conserved, suggesting selective pressure to maintain this structural feature. VGLL2 and VGLL3 variants with altered TEAD-binding domains in mammals may have distinct biological functions. Structural data analysis combined with comparative sequence analysis of >2400 VGLL proteins; functional mapping of Tondu motif residues Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Low 39182750
2026 VGLL3 regulates DAPK2-mediated autophagy to promote osteoblast differentiation. Vgll3 knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells suppressed autophagic flux (fewer autophagic vacuoles, decreased LC3-II, increased p62). DAPK2 was identified as a downstream effector of VGLL3; Dapk2 knockdown phenocopied Vgll3 knockdown. DAPK2 overexpression partially rescued autophagic activity and osteogenic differentiation in Vgll3-deficient cells. Rapamycin partially restored autophagy and differentiation in Vgll3-deficient cells. FOXM1 was implicated as a potential transcriptional regulator of DAPK2. Vgll3 knockdown in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, RNA-seq, transmission electron microscopy (autophagic vacuoles), LC3-II/p62 Western blot, DAPK2 knockdown and overexpression, rapamycin treatment, ALP/Alizarin Red staining BioFactors Medium 42052791

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 49 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2015 The vgll3 Locus Controls Age at Maturity in Wild and Domesticated Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Males. PLoS genetics 126 26551894
2020 CircRNA-vgll3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via modulating miRNA-dependent integrin α5 expression. Cell death and differentiation 121 32814879
2016 A gene network regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3 as a promoter of sex-biased autoimmune diseases. Nature immunology 107 27992404
2010 YAP1 and VGLL3, encoding two cofactors of TEAD transcription factors, are amplified and overexpressed in a subset of soft tissue sarcomas. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 92 20842732
2019 VGLL3 operates via TEAD1, TEAD3 and TEAD4 to influence myogenesis in skeletal muscle. Journal of cell science 63 31138678
2019 The female-biased factor VGLL3 drives cutaneous and systemic autoimmunity. JCI insight 59 30996136
2020 Vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), a cofactor for TEAD transcription factors, promotes cancer cell proliferation by activating the Hippo pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 32385107
2023 VGLL3 is a mechanosensitive protein that promotes cardiac fibrosis through liquid-liquid phase separation. Nature communications 45 36754961
2013 VGLL3 expression is associated with a tumor suppressor phenotype in epithelial ovarian cancer. Molecular oncology 38 23415753
2018 Vgll3 and the Hippo pathway are regulated in Sertoli cells upon entry and during puberty in Atlantic salmon testis. Scientific reports 36 29382956
2021 Hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma frequently harbors VGLL3 rearrangement. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 34 33649458
2022 Recurrent VGLL3 fusions define a distinctive subset of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma with an indolent clinical course and striking predilection for the head and neck. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 30 35766997
2019 The influence of vgll3 genotypes on sea age at maturity is altered in farmed mowi strain Atlantic salmon. BMC genetics 21 31060499
2022 Clinicopathologic and Molecular Study of Hybrid Nerve Sheath Tumors Reveals Their Common Association With Fusions Involving VGLL3. The American journal of surgical pathology 19 35256555
2021 VGLL3 activates inflammatory responses by inducing interleukin-1α secretion. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 19 34679187
2024 Jaceosidin attenuates the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the VGLL3/HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 17 38489889
2022 Regulation of type I interferon signature by VGLL3 in the fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients via targeting the Hippo pathway. Arthritis research & therapy 15 35941675
2019 Co-inheritance of sea age at maturity and iteroparity in the Atlantic salmon vgll3 genomic region. Journal of evolutionary biology 14 30697850
2022 Linking vgll3 genotype and aggressive behaviour in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of fish biology 13 35289932
2022 VGLL3 increases the dependency of cancer cells on de novo nucleotide synthesis through GART expression. Journal of cellular biochemistry 11 35434822
2011 Homozygous microdeletion of the POU1F1, CHMP2B, and VGLL3 genes in chromosome 3--a novel syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 11 21815258
2022 A pituitary gene network linking vgll3 to regulators of sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 9 36341967
2025 Hippo-vgll3 signaling may contribute to sex differences in Atlantic salmon maturation age via contrasting adipose dynamics. Biology of sex differences 8 40176157
2022 RNA-sequencing of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas reveals a novel SND1::BRAF fusion and 3 different molecular aberrations with the potential to upregulate the TEAD1 gene including SEC23IP::VGLL3 and TEAD1::MRTFB gene fusions. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 8 35776191
2020 Immunometabolic function of the transcription cofactor VGLL3 provides an evolutionary rationale for sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity. FEBS letters 8 32803756
2024 HERC6 regulates STING activity in a sex-biased manner through modulation of LATS2/VGLL3 Hippo signaling. iScience 7 38327798
2024 VGLL3 modulates chemosensitivity through promoting DNA double-strand break repair. Science advances 7 39383226
2025 Highly expressed VGLL3 in keloid fibroblasts promotes glycolysis and collagen production via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cellular signalling 5 39826675
2023 VGLL3 confers slow-twitch muscle differentiation via PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 5 37262950
2022 CRISPR Activation Screening Identifies VGLL3-TEAD1-RUNX1/3 as a Transcriptional Complex for PD-L1 Expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 5 35922063
2024 Sex-specific overdominance at the maturation vgll3 gene for reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon. Molecular ecology 4 38877757
2023 Investigating the role of genetic variation in vgll3 and six6 in the domestication of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus). Ecology and evolution 4 38020694
2022 lncRNA Vgll3 Regulates the Activated Proliferation of Mouse Myocardial Fibroblasts through TGF-β3-Related Pathway. BioMed research international 4 36046460
2024 The immunometabolic function of VGLL3 and female-biased autoimmunity. Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) 3 38726338
2026 YAP/TAZ-VGLL3 governs adipocyte fate via epigenetic reprogramming of PPARγ and its target enhancers. Science advances 2 41533786
2025 Testicular heterochrony in vgll3-mediated maturation age in Atlantic salmon. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 2 40839421
2025 Polystyrene nanoplastics modulate VGLL3 phase separation by enhancing intermolecular interactions: Implications for fibrosis and beyond. Journal of hazardous materials 2 41037909
2024 Study of the TEAD-binding domain of the VGLL1, VGLL2 and VGLL3 proteins from vertebrates. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2 39182750
2026 EP300::VGLL3 fused rhabdomyoblastic tumor revisited: Is the label "rhabdomyosarcoma" justified? Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 1 41649512
2025 Frontal lobe intra-axial schwannoma harboring a CHD7::VGLL3 fusion and heterozygous TSC2 p.F1510del mutation in a young child. Molecular biology reports 1 39792305
2025 VGLL3-centered network connects placental, vascular, and immune defects in preeclampsia. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 40502186
2026 Genotype-Dependent Transcriptome Divergence Associated With Variation at vgll3 in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Molecular ecology 0 41843738
2026 Defective Trophoblast Differentiation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Immune Dysregulation in Preeclampsia Coalesce on a Placental VGLL3-Centered Gene Network. Circulation 0 41953989
2026 Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of Oral Cavity With TCF12::VGLL3 Fusion, Expanding on a Recently Described Entity With Digital Spatial Profiling and Long-Term Follow Up. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 0 41983910
2026 VGLL3 Regulates DAPK2-Mediated Autophagy During Osteoblast Differentiation. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 0 42052791
2026 VGLL3-Rearranged Spindle Cell Rhabdomyoblastic Tumor: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Study of 18 Cases With Consistently Indolent Behavior. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 0 42128056
2024 hsa_circ_0001508 as a new gene that may promote breast cancer progression via the miR‑505‑3p/HMGB1, VGLL3 axis. Molecular and clinical oncology 0 39720459
2023 Investigation of VGLL3 and sub-target genes in the aetiology of paediatric acute appendicitis: a prospective case-control study. Pediatric surgery international 0 37029824
2023 Retracted: lncRNA Vgll3 Regulates the Activated Proliferation of Mouse Myocardial Fibroblasts through TGF-β3-Related Pathway. BioMed research international 0 38188783

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